stefano schiavon research overview 2014
DESCRIPTION
The slides are a summary of my research. Building Energy Efficiency; Indoor Environment Quality; Thermal Comfort; Indoor Air Quality; Personal Environmental Control System; Underfloor Air Distribution; Radiant System; Occupant Satisfaction; Post-Occupancy Evaluation.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World population
Lee, R. 2011 The Outlook for Population Growth. Science 333, 569-573
![Page 2: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
World population and energy
PR Ehrlich et al 2012 Securing natural capital and expanding equity to rescale civilization. Nature 486, 68-73
![Page 3: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
History of the relative mix of the main source of energy used in the United States
Chu, S. & Majumdar A 2012 Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future. Nature 488, 294-303
![Page 4: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Where should we focus our efforts?
Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers
![Page 5: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
US DOE Quadrennial Technology Review, http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/ReportOnTheFirstQTR.pdf
![Page 6: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Pyongyang, North Korea. Photo at night by Epa/Damir Sagolj
![Page 7: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• S.O. Henssen. 2000. Economics vs. Indoor climate. The economics of indoor climate. RCN, Oslo. Norway
![Page 8: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Environmental impact of buildings• 72% of total U.S. electricity consumption • 38.9% of total U.S. primary energy use• 39% of total U.S. CO2 emissions• 40% of landfill material in the U.S. • 13% of potable water in the U.S.
www.epa.gov/greenbuilding/pubs/gbstats.pdf
![Page 9: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Indoor environmental quality (IEQ)• We spend 85-95% of our time indoor• Indoor environment affects our health, well
being and productivity• Indoor environmental quality include
– Indoor air quality– Acoustical quality– Thermal comfort– Lighting quality
![Page 10: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Earthrise William Anders, NASA, 1968
![Page 11: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Net Zero Energy Buildings – Setting priorities
Source: Two Degrees, Chap 6, McGregor, Roberts & Cousins
Arch 140 (& more)
![Page 12: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Courtesy, Peter Rumsey
![Page 13: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Air vs radiant
Image credit: Caroline Karmann
![Page 15: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Backgrounds: Air systems vs. Radiant systems
Air systems• Ventilation + space
conditioning• Design to meet a single
peak cooling load value• Remove heat using
convectionRadiant systems• Decoupled ventilation and
space conditioning• Allow pre-conditioning the
radiant layer• Remove heat using
convection + radiation
![Page 16: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cooling load radiant vs air systems
Feng J, Schiavon S et al 2013 Radiant vs air systems Energy and Buildings http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.06.009
![Page 17: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Then?
Feng J, Schiavon S et al 2013 Radiant vs air systems Energy and Buildings http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.06.009
![Page 18: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Differences between Heat gain and cooling load
Thermal mass effect for convection based (air) system (source: ASHRAE Fundamental 2013)
![Page 19: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Lab tests
J. Feng, F. Bauman, S. Schiavon, Experimental comparison. Energy and Buildings. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dq6p2j7
![Page 20: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Experimental results: Instantaneous cooling rate
Radiant system has a higher cooling rate than the air system
• 18% higher during hour 6 (peak cooling load)
![Page 21: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Measured vs. Prediction based on HB method EnergyPlus v8.0 model was developed to apply the HB
method
Match well with air system cooling load
Radiant system cooling load: heat removed by the radiant ceiling panels
![Page 22: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Measured vs. Prediction based on RTS method
RTS method cannot predict cooling load correctly for the test chamber configuration
![Page 23: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Linked Hybrid, Beijing, China. Steven Holl. Sustainability: Transsolar
![Page 24: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Underfloor air distribution (UFAD)
Traditional mixing overhead system
Underfloor air distribution (UFAD)
![Page 25: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Personal control
![Page 26: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Flexibility
![Page 27: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Aesthetic
![Page 28: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
UFAD examples
Right: New York Times Building, US, by Renzo Piano BW. Left: Ray and Maria Stata Center by Frank Gehry
![Page 29: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
UFAD cooling load profile
Schiavon S, Bauman F et al. 2010. Simplified calculation method for UFAD. Energy and Buildings
![Page 30: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Influence of raised floor on cooling load
Schiavon S, Lee KH et al. 2010. Influence of raised. Energy and Buildings
![Page 31: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/ufad-designtool/online.htm
![Page 32: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Thermal decay
Lee KH, Schiavon S, et al 2011. Impact of the thermal decay. Applied Energy, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.09.011
![Page 33: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Thermal decay
Bauman F, Schiavon S et al. 2010. Cooling Load Design Tool for UFAD. ASHRAE J. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9d8430v3
![Page 34: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Thermal decay
Comprehensive energy simulations (4 climates, 3 internal loads, 3 WWRs, 3 supply air temperature,s 3 plenum configurations)
Thermal decay= 3.7 K [2.4 - 4.7 K]Depend on: Climate, season, floor elevationIndependent from: Orientation, internal load
and WWR
Lee KH, Schiavon S, et al 2011. Impact of the thermal decay. Applied Energy. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tn9246f
![Page 35: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Thermal decay
Lee KH, Schiavon S, et al 2011. Impact of the thermal decay. Applied Energy. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6tn9246f
![Page 36: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Theoretical model
Liu QA, and Linden PL. 2006. The fluid mechanics of underfloor air distribution, Journal of Fluid Mechanics 554, 323-341
![Page 37: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Lab testing
Airfixture test lab, Kansas City, US. Schiavon et al 2014 Stratification prediction model
![Page 38: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Lab test
Schiavon et al 2014 Stratification prediction model
Γ= 𝑄∙cos𝜃ሺ𝑛∙𝐴𝑑ሻ∙ሺ0.0281∙𝑊𝐿ሻ1/3
![Page 39: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Plenums air distribution
Pasut 2011 Using ductwork to improve supply plenum temperature distribution in underfloor air distribution
![Page 40: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Displacement ventilation and chilled ceilings
R: Manitoba Hydro Building, Canada, by KPMB. L:David Brower Center, US, by Solomon/WRT
![Page 41: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Displacement ventilation and chilled ceilingsLaboratory experiments for typical U.S. interior zone office to investigate how:
1. Ratio of cooling load removed by CC over the total cooling load
2. Percentage of active
ceiling area (radiant surface temperature)
affect3. Air stratification 4. Air change
effectiveness
Schiavon S Bauman F et al 2012. DV+CC HVAC&R Research http://escholarship.org/uc/item/980931rf
![Page 42: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Displacement ventilation and chilled ceilings
![Page 43: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
What about increasing the heat load?
From 34.7 W/m2 (3.2 W/ft2)to 91.0 W/m2 (8.5 W/ft2)
Table
Measuring station
Manikin
Tower PC
Screen
Desk lamp
Screen
Table
Manikin
Tower PC
Screen
Desk lamp
Screen
Table
Manikin
Tower PC
Screen
Desk lamp
Screen
Table
Manikin
Tower PC
Screen
Desk lamp
Screen
Overhead light
Overhead light
Globe tempera
ture
CO2 tree
DV diffuser
Schiavon S Bauman et al 2013 High cooling load Energy and Buildings http://escholarship.org/uc/item/58m8302p
![Page 44: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
What about increasing the heat load?
Schiavon S Bauman et al 2013 High cooling load Energy and Buildings http://escholarship.org/uc/item/58m8302p
![Page 45: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
What about increasing the height of the heat sources?
Tower PCs (50% of the total load) are moved from under the desk (Case 1) to a shelve above the screens at 5 ft (Case 2)
Schiavon S Bauman et al 2013 High cooling load Energy and Buildings http://escholarship.org/uc/item/58m8302p
Case 1 Case 2
![Page 46: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Heat sources at the floor
Schiavon S Bauman et al 2013 High cooling load Energy and Buildings http://escholarship.org/uc/item/58m8302p
![Page 47: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Heat sources at 5 feet
Schiavon S Bauman et al 2013 High cooling load Energy and Buildings http://escholarship.org/uc/item/58m8302p
![Page 48: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Comparison for the same thermal comfort conditions
Schiavon S Bauman et al 2013 High cooling load Energy and Buildings http://escholarship.org/uc/item/58m8302p
![Page 49: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Design model
Schiavon S Bauman et al 2013 High cooling load Energy and Buildings http://escholarship.org/uc/item/58m8302p
![Page 50: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Indoor air quality
by A. Melikov
![Page 51: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Human body thermal plume | Schlieren photography | http://www.me.psu.edu/psgdl/
![Page 52: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Personalized ventilation
• Increase occupant satisfaction
• Improve inhaled air quality
• Improve occupants’ performance
• Decrease risk of spread of infectious diseases
by Exhausto and Techinical University of Denmark
![Page 53: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Saxo Bank HQ, Denmark, by 3XN ArchitectsSaxo Bank HQ, Denmark, by 3XN Architects
![Page 54: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Saxo Bank HQ, Denmark, by 3XN ArchitectsSaxo Bank HQ, Denmark, by 3XN Architects
![Page 55: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Energy analysis
• Less outdoor air• Expanding room
temperature• Demand ventilation • Personalized ventilation
may reduce the energy consumption substantially (up to 51%) in hot and humid climate
Schiavon S. and Melikov, A. 2009. Energy-saving strategies with PV in cold climates. Energy and Buildings
Schiavon S., Melikov A. and Sekhar C. 2010. Energy saving strategies with PVin tropics. Energy and Buildings
![Page 56: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Air movement
Schiavon S., and Melikov, A. 2008. Energy saving and improved comfort by increasing air movement. Energy and Buildings
Comfort at 81 F
Air velocity =100 fpm
Comfort at 77 F
Air velocity <40 fpm
![Page 57: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Cooling fan efficiency index
Schiavon S. and Melikov A. 2009. Introduction of a Cooling Fan Efficiency Index. HVAC&R Research
![Page 58: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Cooling fan efficiency index
Schiavon S. and Melikov A. 2009. Introduction of a Cooling Fan Efficiency Index. HVAC&R Research
![Page 59: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
CBE personal comfort prototypes
![Page 61: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Kresge Foundation HQ, US, by Valerio Dewalt Train Associates
![Page 62: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Photo by S. Schiavon
![Page 63: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
We should design indoor environments that are better than the best environment found in nature — Ole Fanger
Unveiling the built environment
![Page 64: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Building occupant satisfaction
Frontczak M, Schiavon S, et al. 2011. Indoor Air Journal
CBE survey on 351 bldg. and 52,980 occupants
![Page 65: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Building occupant satisfaction
Frontczak M, Schiavon S, et al. 2011. Indoor Air Journal
CBE survey on 351 bldg. and 52,980 occupants
![Page 66: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Occupant satisfaction and design features
Frontczak M, Schiavon S el al 2011. Occupant satisfaction and IEQ. Indoor Air
Amount of space, noise level and visual privacy are the parameters that affect the most occupant satisfaction
![Page 67: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Occupant satisfaction and design features
Frontczak M, Schiavon S el al 2011. Occupant satisfaction and IEQ. Indoor Air
![Page 68: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Occupant self-estimated productivity
Wargocki P, Frontczak M, Schiavon S, et al. 2012. Satisfaction and self-estimated. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/451326fk
Acoustic quality and thermal comfort were indicated by the occupants to interfere with their ability to get the job done
![Page 69: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Self-reported productivity
• The most important parameters are:
• Temperature, air quality and noise level
• 15% increase in satisfaction with the temperature would increase productivity by about 1%
Please estimate how your productivity is increased or decreased by the environmental conditions in this building?
![Page 70: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Self-reported productivity and design features
![Page 71: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
LEED vs non-LEED
Altomonte S, Schiavon S. 2013. LEED vs non-LEED. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.06.008
![Page 72: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
LEED vs non-LEED: Non environmental factors
Schiavon S, Altomonte S. 2014. Non environmental factor. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.03.028
![Page 73: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Significance Difference vs Effect size
• Statistical difference tests tell you if there is a difference
• Effect size calculations tells how big is this difference
![Page 74: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Measurement vs survey: Indoor air quality
Indoor Air Quality – better to measure
![Page 75: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Measurement vs survey: Acoustics
Acoustics – better to ask people
![Page 76: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Performance Measurement Protocols (PMP)• 3 levels of measurement complexity
– Level 1: Basic – Indicative: Gather characteristics and operation
information, occupant survey, spot measurements
– Level 2: Intermediate – Diagnostics: Additional measurements
– Level 3: Advanced – Investigative: Research level, detailed methods
• Measurement categories– Energy, Water– IEQ: thermal comfort, lighting, acoustics, IAQ
• Problem: Easy-to-use tools to support the PMP are not available
(Developed by ASHRAE, USGBC, CIBSE)
![Page 77: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
How we measure• Desktop-based measurement station
– Leverage existing Indoor Climate Assessment Monitor (ICAM) hardware
– Add wireless mote connection and additional sensors
– Sensors• Room dry bulb temp• Mean radiant temp• Air velocity• Relative humidity• Water flow• Noise level• Illuminance• Electric power
![Page 78: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Wireless BPE toolkit components
![Page 79: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
IEQ monitoring - indoor climate monitor (ICM)
![Page 80: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Web-based analysis and reporting
Open source web
application
Metadata
Wireless sensor data BMS data
![Page 81: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
BPE analysis and visualization features
User interface for BPE toolkit uses sMAP protocol developed at UC Berkeley
![Page 82: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
![Page 83: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
IEQ scorecard method
Heinzerling et al. 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.08.027
![Page 84: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Predictive clothing insulation model
Schiavon S Lee KH 2013 Dynamic clothing insulation Building and Environment http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.08.024
![Page 85: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Predictive clothing insulation model
Schiavon S Lee KH 2013 Dynamic clothing insulation Building and Environment http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.08.024
![Page 86: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Predictive clothing insulation model
Schiavon S Lee KH 2013 Dynamic clothing insulation Building and Environment http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.08.024
![Page 87: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Predictive clothing insulation model
Schiavon S Lee KH 2013 Dynamic clothing insulation Building and Environment http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.08.024
![Page 88: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Plug load energy use in U.S.
Office equipment, computers, "other" comprise 12% of total electricity in commercial buildings in U.S. U.S. Energy Information Administration, Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
Other sectors:
28%
![Page 89: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Literature: measured plug load energy use
Fuertes G, Schiavon S. 2013. Plug load energy analysis http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fs0k03g
![Page 90: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Jewish Museum Berlin, Berlin, Germany by Daniel Libeskind
![Page 91: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Jewish Museum Berlin, Berlin, Germany by Daniel Libeskind
![Page 92: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
The Copenhagen Opera, Copenhagen, Denmark by Henning Larsen
The Copenhagen Opera, Copenhagen, Denmark by Henning Larsen
![Page 93: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
The Copenhagen Opera, Copenhagen, Denmark by Henning Larsen
![Page 94: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Sino Italy Environment and Energy Building, China, Mario Cucinella Architects
![Page 95: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
IDeAs Z2 Design Facility, San Jose, CA by David Kaneda
![Page 96: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
IDeAs Z2 Design Facility For more information, see: http://www.z2building.com
![Page 97: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Photo by S. Schiavon
![Page 98: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Radiant system San Francesco Church of Bassano del Grappa Italy
![Page 99: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
California Academy of Science by RPBW
![Page 100: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
David Brower Center, Berkeley Solomon E.T.C - WRT
![Page 101: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Bangkok International Airport
![Page 102: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Hearst Tower, NY, US
![Page 103: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
![Page 104: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Dominus Winery, Napa, CA, Herzog & de Meuron
![Page 105: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
London Bridge Tower by RPBW
![Page 106: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, by Louis Kahn
![Page 107: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Horizon as hero
The Apple Store in New York by Bohlin, Cywinski, Jackson (2006)
![Page 108: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
• Source: Loisos + Ubbelohde
![Page 109: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Indoor Air Quality | Source: Nancy Rica Schiff http://www.nancyricaschiff.com/
![Page 110: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Daniele Del Nero. 2012. After Effects
![Page 111: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Parco della Musica by RPBW
![Page 112: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
HVAC. Source: Google data center
![Page 113: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
![Page 114: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
cbe.berkeley.edu/comforttool
Hoyt Tyler & Schiavon Stefano. 2012, CBE Thermal Comfort Tool for ASHRAE-55. http://cbe.berkeley.edu/comforttool/
![Page 115: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
cbe.berkeley.edu/comforttool
Hoyt Tyler & Schiavon Stefano. 2012, CBE Thermal Comfort Tool for ASHRAE-55 http://cbe.berkeley.edu/comforttool/
![Page 116: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Theory and practice of ventilation
Raisa V, Schiavon S, Zecchin R. 2010. Theory and practice of ventilation. Editoriale Delfino
![Page 117: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Center for the Built Environment
• Building science lab founded at UC Berkeley in 1980
• CBE established in 1997 with NSF• Industry Advisory Board sponsors and
guides the research agenda• Semi-annual meetings
www.cbe.berkeley.edu
![Page 118: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
CBE Industry Advisory Board
Architects
EHDD Architecture
Perkins+Will
YGHZGF Architects
Architects/Engineers
Aditazz
Cannon Design
DIALOG
HGA Architects and Engineers
HOK
KlingStubbins
LPA Inc.
RTKL Associates
SOM
ContractorsDPR ConstructionSwinerton BuildersWebcor Builders
EngineersAffiliated Engineers Inc.ArupBuro HappoldCadmus GroupCharles M. Salter Assoc.CPPGuttmann & BlaevoetIntegral GroupInterface EngineeringM.E. GroupP2S EngineeringSouthland IndustriesSyska Hennessy GroupTaylor EngineeringWSP Flack + Kurtz
Government AgenciesDepartment of DefenseCalifornia Energy
Commission
ManufacturersArmstrongBig Ass FansBASF CorporationGooglePrice IndustriesREHAUUtilitiesPacific Gas & ElectricSan Diego Gas & ElectricSouthern California
Edison
Workplace ConsultantsMary Davidge Associates
![Page 119: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
CBE research teamFacultyEdward ArensGail BragerStefano Schiavon
Research StaffFred BaumanDarryl DickerhoffMark FountainTyler HoytPaul RafteryTom WebsterTiefeng YuYongchao ZhaiHui Zhang
Partner Relations: David LehrerProgram Administrator: Jessica Uhl
![Page 120: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
![Page 121: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Center for the Built Environment (CBE) cbe.berkeley.edu
![Page 122: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Saving energy with a wider dead band Wider dead band
reduces HVAC energy 7-15% per degree C.
Comfort solutions include personal comfort systems (PCS) and fans
Provide comfort in less controlled or slowly responding systems, such as:• Mixed-mode and natural
ventilation• Radiant cooling
![Page 123: Stefano Schiavon Research Overview 2014](https://reader037.vdocument.in/reader037/viewer/2022103000/5562e70fd8b42ab47d8b4bcf/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Personal comfort system
Foot warmer