Under Supervision:Dr: Tahsin Shoala

Sahar Tarek Hadeer SalehNourhan FadelHaidy Abd ElmonemEman Mohamed

DEFINITION

A cell that has the ability to continuously divide and differentiate (develop) into various other kind(s) of cells/tissues (Tuch, 2006).

CHARACTERISTICS

Blank cells (unspecialized) Capable of dividing and renewing

themselves for long periods of time (proliferation and renewal)

Have the potential to give rise to specialized cell types (differentiation).

-some organs, such as the gut and bone marrow, stem cells divide to repair and replace worn out or damaged tissues. In other organs, such as the pancreas and the heart, stem cells only divide under special conditions.

DIFFERENTIATION POTENCY

SOURCES OF STEM CELLS

1-Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)blastocystA- fetal (abortion)B- post natal • umbilical cord• placenta• Amniotic fluid (AF)4- Adult stem cell• Adipose tissue• Bone marrow (BM)• Dental bulb(teeth)• Menstrual blood

MESENCHYMAL VS HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLSThere are 2 sources where we can find both mesenchymal and hemtopoietic stem cells:1-Umbilical cord2-Bone marrow

MAPCs: Multipotent adult progenitor cells; HSCs: Hematopoietic stem cells; EPCs: Endothelial progenitor cells

POTENTIAL USES

SUCCESS RATES

A survey was conducted by Asia Stem Cell Association (ASCA) in January 2013

PROMISE OF STEM CELL RESEARCH

TECHNIQUES RELEVANT

1- Cord blood- derived multi potent stem cell banking treating hematological diseases

2- Bone marrow-derived multi potent stem cell transplantation treating hematological diseases :

leukemia & Thalassemia

AVAILABILITY IN EGYPT

1- Bone marrow transplantation units(BMT).

• BMT - - Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE 57357)

• BMT unit at the Nasser Institute.

• BMT unit at national cancer institute(NCI), Cairo university

2 -CORD BLOOD BANKING

1- Cell Safe, Alexandria

2- Smart Cells, Cairo

3- Baby Cell Egypt

4- Cells4Life, Cairo

5- Cryo-Save, Cairo

ADVANTAGE

provides medical benefits in therapeutic cloning and regenerative medicine.

discovering treatments of diseases including Parkinson's disease and cancer

Limbs and organs could be grown in a lab from stem cells

help scientists to learn about human growth and cell development.

Scientists will be able to test millions of potential drugs and medicine, without the use of animals or human testers.

Stem cell research benefits the study of development stages that cannot be studied directly in a human embryo, which sometimes are linked with major clinical consequences such as birth defects, pregnancy-loss, and infertility

CONT.

DISADVANTAGE

using of embryonic stem cells involves the destruction of blastocysts formed from laboratory-fertilized human eggs, the blastocyst is a human life and to destroy it is immoral and unacceptable (Ethical Issues).

unknown long-term effects of such an interference with nature could materialize.

Carcinogenicity, (cause teratoma) Immunorejection .

Using stem cells is a power for science but ethical issues of embryonic stem cells leads to many restrictions of using it ..

Adult stem cells are widely used today instead of embryonic and achieve great success in the world of cell therapy. Such as:

Garvit Goel (2 year- old boy) was one of the unlucky children diagnosed with Thalassemia Major. He did successful stem cell transplantation from adult Indian donor.

CONCLUSION