stem in tile a ctive l earning w orkshop learning objectives: then and now dr. darren hoffmann...
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STEM IN TILE ACTIVE LEARNING WORKSHOP
Learning Objectives: Then and NowDr. Darren Hoffmann
Lecturer, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
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GOALS FOR THIS WORKSHOP
Establish a way of defining understanding for ourselves and our students
Practice Analyzing and Applying principles of Understanding and Learning Objectives
Discuss ways that these tools can be useful/not useful in our courses and overall curriculum
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OBJECTIVES FOR TODAY
By the end of this session, we should be able to… Describe the difference between knowledge and
understanding Construct good learning objectives that reflect
understanding of a topic Describe levels of understanding using Bloom’s
Taxonomy Adjust course objectives to reflect different levels
of understanding Apply learning objectives to common curriculum
design tasks
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1. KNOWLEDGE/SKILL VS. UNDERSTANDING
Events in a timeline
Ability to type quickly
Word definitions in a foreign language
How events in a timeline lead to one another
Why arm position affects typing speed
Having a conversation in a foreign language
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Students often believe: memorizing = learning
It is our job to show them: WHY it’s important to understand material
Teaching through questions, etc. HOW to understand the material
Instructional plan HOW to prove to us and themselves that they
understand the material Objectives, Assessment
STUDENTS AND UNDERSTANDING
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5 Minute Free Write:Identify some key areas important to
understand in your lecture/class session
ANALYSIS/APPLICATION OF UNDERSTANDING
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A way to define understanding A statement that shows students what
they can DO with their knowledge/skills A statement that guides how students
learn and how instructors teach and assess A way to make your life as a teacher MUCH
easier
2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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General Objectives This course aims to… Written from the professor’s point of view
Specific Objectives After this lecture, you will be able to… Written for the student’s point of view
TYPES OF OBJECTIVES
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1. Contain an Action Verb (what can a student DO?)2. Relate to an important course concept3. Demonstrate learning/understanding4. Be measureable5. May contain conditions and/or criteria
Makes objectives more specific
QUALITIES OF EFFECTIVE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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An education course: Expand student’s knowledge of teaching techniques
An anatomy course: The student will be able to identify 3 common embryologic causes of heart
defects
A radiology course: Pass the final exam
A civics course: The three branches of U.S. government
A laboratory skills course: Observe an experiment and give suggestions for areas which could be
improved to result in a better outcome
An immunology course: Surface markers in B-cell development
ANALYSIS OF LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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10 Minute First Draft:Write learning objectives for topics
in your class session and peer review
APPLICATION OF LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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Several language systems for clear objectives have been established through educational science Allows us to measure the level of understanding
we are asking of students Allows students to express their understanding in
many ways 6 Facets of Understanding (1990s) Bloom’s Taxonomy (1950s)
3. LEVELS OF UNDERSTANDING
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1. Explanation 2. Interpretation 3. Application 4. Perspective 5. Empathy 6. Self-knowledge
6 FACETS OF UNDERSTANDING MODEL
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3 Domains of Learning Cognitive
Remember Understand Apply Analyze Evaluate Create
Affective: Awareness, appreciation, perspective, empathy Psychomotor: Skills requiring motor control
BLOOM’S TAXONOMY MODEL
http://www.res.rcs.k12.tn.us/teachers/leonardl/blooms_pyramid.html
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1. An Education Course The student will be able to identify 4 different Closed Assessment Tasks.
2. An Anatomy Course The student will be able to diagram the flow of blood through the heart, noting
relevant structures (valves, vessels, etc.).
3. A Radiology Course The student will be able to find a 5 cm pancreatic tumor mass on a CT scan.
4. A Civics Course The student will be able to name the three branches of the U.S. Government and
their primary roles.
5. A Laboratory Skills Course The student will be able to observe an experiment and give suggestions for areas
which could be improved to increase the overall yield.
6. An Immunology Course The student will be able to understand the different surface markers in B-cell
development.
ANALYSIS OF LEVELS OF UNDERSTANDING
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10 Minute RevisionApply the domains/Bloom’s Taxonomy
to your class session’s objectivesChallenge yourself to incorporate the affective
domain/Facets 5 and 6 if possible
APPLICATION OF LEVELS OF UNDERSTANDING
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4. PUTTING LEARNING OBJECTIVES INTO PRACTICE…
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For me, it’s easier to write the objectives after organizing content/putting lecture together
For others, it’s easier to write the lecture after writing clear objectives
Pros/Cons?
HOW/WHEN TO WRITE LEARNING OBJECTIVES?
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3 options 1. At the beginning of the course – one big list 2. In each lecture handout 3. At the conclusion of a unit (used as study
guide)
Pros/Cons?
HOW/WHEN TO RELEASE OBJECTIVES TO STUDENTS
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Students stop/decrease asking “will this be on the test?” Students start asking for objectives from lecturers who don’t
provide them You can write test questions faster Students never complain that questions were
unfair/unexpected You can precisely identify a student’s misunderstanding You can communicate your course’s goals more clearly with
your colleagues
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU START USING GOOD LEARNING OBJECTIVES?
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Sequencing Classroom Resources Assessment Instructional planning Course evaluations
5. USING LO’S IN YOUR CURRICULUM DESIGN WORK
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Your objectives are the test. You’ve already written it. Bravo.
The level of objective should be reflected in the level of the tasks in the assessment.
CURRICULUM APPLICATIONS: ASSESSMENT
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Instructional activities should be geared toward your student goals
Kern et al 2009 handout Knowledge vs. Problem-solving Low vs. High levels of understanding
Provide opportunities for: Elaboration (connecting new information to existing
knowledge) Transfer (applying a concept/skill to a new context) Difficulty
CURRICULUM APPLICATIONS: INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
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Start by just doing example problems in class
Option 1: Talk through the problem yourself
Option 2: Give them a problem to work on and vote with a clicker
Option 3: Think-Pair-Share approach
Option 4: Random Volunteer/Instructor Selected Respondent
ENGAGEMENT IN THE CLASSROOM: WHERE TO START?
Least Engaging
Most Engaging
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Objectives: Describe the anatomical regions of the Infratemporal
Fossa and Pterygopalatine Fossa noting bony limits of each region
Predict the effects of compression of the Maxillary artery at any given location
Understand the nerves that are affected by a mandibular nerve block and determine which areas will be anaesthetized as a result.
Draw the branching pattern of the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa. Combine this with your previous knowledge of the branching of the external carotid leading to the maxillary artery.
In-class Activity: Labeling contest
EXAMPLE OF SOMETHING MORE INVOLVED…
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Labeling Contest!!!
2
12
1
8
6
13
10
11
9
4
5
3
7
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Darren Hoffmann ([email protected])
Understanding By Design, Wiggins and McTighe (1995) (6 Facets Model) Available for free electronically through
University Libraries
THANK YOU!
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Do some objectives fit within others? Are some objectives heavier than others? Do the real objectives of your course reveal
hidden possibilities of sequencing?
CURRICULUM APPLICATIONS: SEQUENCING
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What level are most of your objectives? The level of objective can guide your choice
of learning materials.
CURRICULUM APPLICATIONS: CLASSROOM RESOURCES
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Easy: Did my students demonstrate the ability to perform the objectives that I set out for them? If assessments were designed according to
objectives, this is relatively easy to assess Hard: Making quality judgments based on
your own reflections and student evaluations Both are useful, but also influenced by non-
educational outcomes
CURRICULUM APPLICATIONS: COURSE EVALUATIONS