stephen t. jackson department of botany & program in...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Global Climate Change Won’t Be Pretty
Stephen T. JacksonDepartment of Botany &
Program in EcologyUniversity of Wyoming
![Page 2: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Climate is always changing, so get over it.
Opinion: Global Warming Fears Overblown GUEST OPINIONBy Richard S. LindzenApril 16, 2007 issue – …What most commentators—and many scientists—seem to miss is that the only thing we can say with certainly about climate is that it changes. The earth is always warming or cooling by as much as a few tenths of a degree a year; periods of constant average temperatures are rare. Looking back on the earth's climate history, it's apparent that there's no such thing as an optimal temperature—a climate at which everything is just right. The current alarm rests on the false assumption not only that we live in a perfect world, temperaturewise, but also that our warming forecasts for the year 2040 are somehow more reliable than the weatherman's forecast for next week…
![Page 3: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Global Glacial-Interglacial Cycles During the Last 450,000 Years
S.T. Jackson & J.T. Overpeck. 2000. Paleobiology (Suppl.).
It’s true!!!! CLIMATE CHANGE HAPPENS.
S.T. Gray, S.T. Jackson, J.L. Betancourt, C.L. Fastie. 2004. Journal of Climate.
Annual Precipitation Variation in the BighornBasin in the Last 750 Years
![Page 4: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Photo courtesy of Sherrill Goodrich, USFS
The Rest of the Story:
Climate change – especially rapid climate change –is bad news for ecosystems, and for societies
![Page 5: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Past
![Page 6: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
13th Century “Great Drought”
S.T. Gray, S.T. Jackson & J.L. Betancourt. 2004. Journal of the American Water Resources Association.
![Page 7: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
E.R. Cook, R. Seager, M.A. Cane & D.W. Stahle. 2007. North American drought: reconstructions, causes, and consequences. Earth-Science Reviews.
![Page 8: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
E.R. Cook, R. Seager, M.A. Cane & D.W. Stahle. 2007. North American drought: reconstructions, causes, and consequences. Earth-Science Reviews.
![Page 9: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sout
h R
hody
, MI
Elk
Lake
, MN
Ferr
is D
unes
, WY
Wes
tern
San
dhill
s, N
E
Wes
tern
Illin
ois,
IL
Kili
man
jaro
Gul
f of O
man
Peatland in Alberta,
Canada (Yu et al. 2003)
Wet
Dry
GLOBAL GIGADROUGHT 4200 YR B.P.
R.K. Booth, S.T. Jackson, S.L. Forman, J.E. Kutzbach 2004. Holocene.
![Page 10: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Photo by Tom WhithamSept 15, 2004 - North of San Francisco Peaks, AZ
The Present
![Page 11: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Photos by Tom Whitham & Alicyn Gitlin
Four Corners region: severe mortality in•Pinyon/juniper woodland (esp. pinyon)•Ponderosa pine forest•Aspen forest•Cottonwood gallery forest
![Page 12: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Photo by Tom WhithamSept 15, 2004 - North of San Francisco Peaks, AZ
What comes next?
![Page 13: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
West slope of Tumamoc Hill, Tucson
Courtesy of Julio Betancourt, USGS
![Page 14: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
www.desertmuseum.org
![Page 16: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
A.L. Westerling H.G. Hidalgo, D.R. Cayan & T.W. Swetnam 2006. Science.
![Page 19: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Large potential for “surprises”
Interactions between climate change and:WildfiresPests and diseasesInvasive speciesHuman land-use and other activities
Feedbacks from land surface to atmosphere
![Page 20: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Future
![Page 21: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
J.W. Williams, S.T. Jackson & J.E. Kutzbach. 2007. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
(doubling)(tripling)
![Page 22: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
J.W. Williams, S.T. Jackson & J.E. Kutzbach. 2007. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Projected climate change relative to late 20th Century (A2 scenario)Winter precipitation Summer precipitation
Winter temperature Summer temperature
![Page 23: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
P.C.D. Milly, K.A. Dunne & A.V. Vecchia. 2005. Global pattern of trends in streamflow and water availability in a changing climate. Nature 438:347-350.
a. Estimated percent change in streamflow between mid-21st Century and 20th Century under CO2 doubling
b. Number of model runs (of 24 total) with positive or negative change
Bad news for western US:
Streamflow decrease of 5 to 20% by 2050
High agreement amongdifferent models
![Page 24: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Climate change:
Adaptation?
OrPrevention?
![Page 25: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Rapid climate change:
Sometimes inevitablePotentially devastatingFull of surprisesTough to adapt to
War:
Sometimes inevitablePotentially devastatingFull of surprisesTough to adapt to
Accept and adapt? (“Bring it on!”)
Or minimize likelihood?
![Page 26: Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in ...geerts/coolcity/index_files/jackson.pdf · Stephen T. Jackson Department of Botany & Program in Ecology University of Wyoming](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022050206/5f598234f9e4fe4b6e0ab185/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Vincent van Gogh. Wheat Field Under Threatening Skies. 1890