stereophotogrammetry€¦ · • case study from the subsea industry • future-proofing...
TRANSCRIPT
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Stereophotogrammetry: a future-proof digital tool for the subsea industry
Martin Sayer BSc PhD MAE FSUT
Andrew Mogg BSc PhD
Tritonia Scientific Ltd.
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Disclaimer:
Whereas our company uses proprietary software licencing for this work, we do undertake stereophotogrammetrical modelling as a commercial service.
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Tritonia Scientific Ltd.
• 2018 start-up company• Evolved from the UK National
Facility for Scientific Diving• Using stereophotogrammetry
underwater since 2013
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Tritonia Scientific Ltd.
• Manages and owns the Scottish Underwater Photogrammetry Unit (SUPU)
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Stereophotogrammetry:
• Overview of the technique • Underwater applications• Limitations• Case study from the subsea industry• Future-proofing
(animations!)
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• Uses normal video or photos – no need for stereo cameras
• 10,000s of points per image
• Movement between images generates 3-D ‘point clouds’
Technique
“Structure from Motion” (SfM)
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• Dense ‘point cloud’
Technique
Dense point cloud
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• Dense ‘point cloud’
Technique
Textured Mesh
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• Images (preferably contiguous)
➢ Sampled from video
➢ Time lapse video
➢ Still images Divers, ROVs, u/w drones, AUVs
Technique
“Structure from Motion” (SfM)
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• Good overlap between images (ca. 50-75%)
• Optimise three-dimensional capture
➢ Multiple passes
➢ Multiple cameras
• Scaling, geo-referencing, orientation and accurate depth measurement
Technique
“Structure from Motion” (SfM)
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• Proprietary software / commercial licensing
➢ Image processing
➢ SfM
➢ 3D data processing / viewing / analyses
• Enhanced computing power
• Dedicated operators
Technique
“Structure from Motion” (SfM)
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• Models/images - scale and resolution
Technique
“Structure from Motion” (SfM)
LARGE SCALE SMALL SCALE
10s of m / km 10s of cm / mm
Video images Still images
0.4 – 8.4 MP 3.0 – 40.0+ MP
1000s of frames 10s to 100s frames
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• Image quality
Technique
“Structure from Motion” (SfM)
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• Lighting - strobes or video
Technique
“Structure from Motion” (SfM)
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• Lighting - strobes or video
Technique
“Structure from Motion” (SfM)
• Backscatter; day/night
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Applications:
• Scale / resolution• Improved visibility• Mapping / survey• Bathymetry• Measurement
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Applications
SCALE
• 5 km x 5 km• Glacier• Aerial drone• GoPro video
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Applications
SCALE
• <1 mm• Marine microplastic• Electron microscope• SE micrographs
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Applications
RESOLUTION
• 10 m x 10 m• Coral reef• Diver• GoPro video (no
lights)
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Applications
RESOLUTION
• 5 m height• Pier pile• Diver• dSLR & strobes
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Applications
VISIBILITY
• 4 m x 15 m area• <0.5 m visibility• Pier piles• Diver• GoPro video &
lights
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Applications
VISIBILITY
• 4 m x 15 m area• <0.5 m visibility• Pier piles• Diver• GoPro video &
lights
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Applications
MAPPING / SURVEY
• 100s m2 area• Permanent records• Rapid to survey• Rapid
measurements
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Applications
BATHYMETRY
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Applications
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Applications
NB: Scaling!
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Applications
Surface erosion identification
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Applications
Surface erosion: depth and angle measurements
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Applications
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Applications
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• Moving or soft structures
Limitations
“Structure from Motion” (SfM)
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Limitations
Artefactual kurtosis caused by non-georectified survey
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Case Study:
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Case Study:
• Jackets in an offshore tropical location• Intended for decommissioning• Possible option to create inshore artificial reefs• Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA)• Levels and types of biofouling (CITES; invasives;
survival)• Biofouling volumes
➢ Lifting weight➢ Planning for onshore disposal
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Case Study:
• Demonstration project based on pre-existing ROV footage
• Video was for fish surveys• Not designed or intended for 3D modelling
Left (HD), Central (ROV) and Right (HD) cameras
Case Study
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Case Study
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Case Study
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Case Study
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Case Study
Near complete leg:67 m to 3 m
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Case Study
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Case Study
Depth Biofouling surface area (m-2; n=3 platforms)
Biofouling volume (m3.m-2; n=3 platforms)
50 m 1.30 – 1.79 0.005 – 0.028
30 m 1.55 – 2.08 0.013 – 0.029
5 m 1.51 – 1.57 0.000 – 0.040
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Case Study
• Biodiversity / community structure• Linear rugosity
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Future Proofing:
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Future Proofing:
• Point clouds = basic xyz data• XYZ data can be exported in ++ standard formats
(ASCII, .OBJ, .PLY, .KMZ etc.)• Re-imported into new/emerging interactive
geometry software• Mesh files – interpolated xyz data• Permanent records• Time series (+ “back to the future”)
• Virtual Reality
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Summary
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Summary
• Stereophotogrammetry generates 3D models using standard image source material
• Limited only by the quality and strategy of image capture (integrated project design)
• Model size dependent on water clarity, camera quality, scaling, georeferencing etc.
• Future-proof• Rapidly developing – VR, multi-camera systems