stereoscopic imaging

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1 STEREOSCOPIC IMAGING

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This ppt contains all the details of Stereoscopic imaging. It includes from history, introduction, its working technique, 3D viewers, 3D cameras, future scope, advantages, disadvantages. In all, its the complete stuff that can satisfy anyone.

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Page 1: Stereoscopic Imaging

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STEREOSCOPICIMAGING

Page 2: Stereoscopic Imaging

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Topic Slide No.

Definition 3

History 4-5

Introduction 6

Visual Requirement 7

How it works? 8-11

3D viewers 12-17

Stereo Cameras 18-19

Applications 20

Future Enhancement 21

Pros & Cons 22

Conclusions & References 23-24

Thank You 25

CONTENT

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WHAT IS STEREOSCOPICIMAGING?

Derived from the Greek word “Stereos”

meaing Solid and “Scopy” meaning

Look/View, so stereoscopy means solid

view of an object i.e. 3D view.

In general life, it is known as 3D Imaging.

It is the technique used to create the

illusion of depth in an offset image by

presenting two slightly different

perspectives of the same object to the eyes

of the viewer.

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HISTORY

In 280 A.D., Euclid was the first to recognize that depth perception

is obtained when each eye simultaneously receives two dissimilar

images of the same object.

In 1600, Giovanni Battista della Porta produced the first artificial 3-

D drawing based on Euclid’s notions.

In 1833, Sir Charles Wheatstone came up with a device called

reflecting mirror camera.

In 1844, Sir David Brewster introduces the Stereoscope, a device

for taking stereo photographs.

 In 1939 William Gruber saw a way to make use of the newly

invented flexible 35mm film by Kodak.

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IMPORTANT DATES

1947 The first Russian 3D video, Robinson Crusoe, is produced.

1952 World's first feature-length 3D movie, Bwana Devil is

released in the USA that was a boom in 3D movie production.

2009 James Cameron's film Avatar, shot with the Fusion Camera

System come into scene, is hailed as the best 3D film to

date and helps push 3D towards the mainstream.

2010 The Consumer Electronics Show (CES) features prototype

3D televisions from most major manufacturers.

2011 The world's first dedicated 3D television channel, South

Korea's SKY 3D was launched with1920x1080 resolution.

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INTRODUCTION

In conventional 2D imaging, there is only image for the left and

right eye of the viewer.

So, there is only focused image at the retina due to binocular

disparity.

The study of a 2D image do not provide a full detailed study.

This leads to the invention of Stereoscopic Imaging or 3D

imaging.

Stereoscopy creates the illusion of three-dimensional depth from

images on a two-dimensional plane.

In stereoscopic imaging, there are two different images for the left

and right eye of the viewer. 6

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Anatomically, there are 3 levels of binocular vision required to

view stereo images:

1. Simultaneous perception

2. Fusion (binocular 'single' vision)

3. Stereopsis

7

VISUAL REQUIREMENT

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HOW IT WORKS?

There are two techniques of producing stereoscopic images:

1. Film Photography

2. Digital Photography

TECHNIQUES

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HOW IT WORKS?

FILM PHOTOGRAPHY

Aim is to take two photographs from

different horizontal positions to get a

true stereoscopic image pair.

This can be done with two separate

side-by-side cameras. Or with the help

of stereo cameras incorporating two or

more side-by-side lenses.

At least 3 lenses are required in a

stereo camera.

9

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HOW IT WORKS?

DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY

There are Stereo lenses which turn an ordinary film camera into a

stereo camera by using a special double lens to take two images

and direct them through a single lens to capture them side by side.

These are also available for digital SLR cameras.

In 2009 digital Stereo cameras such as the Fuji W1 began appearing

in the consumer market.

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HOW IT WORKS?

WORKING

11

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STEREOSCOPIC VIEWERS

There are two categories of stereoscopic viewer technology,

1. Active 2. Passive

3. Head Mounted Display

Active viewers have electronics which interact with a display.

Passive viewers filter constant streams of binocular input to the

,,,,appropriate eye.

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3D VIEWERSACTIVE VIEWERS

Also known as Liquid crystal shutter

glasses.

Each eye's glass has the property of

becoming dark when voltage is

applied, being otherwise transparent.

The action is controlled by a timing

signal that allows the glasses to

alternately darken over one eye, and

then the other, in synchronization

with the refresh rate of the screen.

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3D VIEWERSPASSIVE VIEWERS

1. Colour Anaglyph Systems

Anaglyph method is achieved by means of encoding each eye's

image using filters of different colours, typically red and cyan.

Red filter blocks only red colour while allowing all the colours and

the cyan filter admits only red colour.

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3D VIEWERSPASSIVE VIEWERS

1. Chroma depth Systems

Based on the fact that with a prism, colours are separated by

varying degrees.

The Chroma Depth eyeglasses contain special view foils, which

consist of microscopically small prisms. This causes the image to

be translated a certain amount that depends on its colour.

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3D VIEWERSHEAD MOUNTED DISPLAYS

1. The user typically wears a helmet or glasses with two

small LCD or LED displays with magnifying lenses, one for each

eye.

2. The technology can be used to show stereo films, images or

games, but it can also be used to create a virtual display.

3. Specially used for gaming, where virtual opponents may peek

from real windows as a player moves about. This type of system is

expected to have wide application in the maintenance of complex

systems,

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3D VIEWERS

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View With & Without 3D Viewers

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STEREO CAMERAS

1. A stereo camera is a type of camera with two or more lenses with

a separate image sensor or film frame for each lens.

2. Stereo cameras may be used for making stereo views and 3D

pictures for movies, or for range imaging.

3. The distance between the lenses in a typical stereo camera (the

intra-axial distance) is about the distance between one's eyes

(known as the intra-ocular distance) and is about 6.35 cm.

4. A twin-lens reflex camera uses one lens to image to a

focusing/composition screen and the other to capture the image

on film.

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TYPES OF STEREO CAMERAS

Types of Stereo Cameras:

1. Kodak Stereo Camera

2. Loreo

3. Nimslo 3D

4. Fujifilm FinePix Real 3D

5. Samsung NX-300

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APPLICATIONS

It is extensively used for amusement which includes 3D films.

Space Exploration - Various spaceships are equipped with unique

cameras that allow researchers to view stereoscopic images of the

surface of planets.

Clinical Uses – Stereoscopy is frequently used by vision therapists

in the treatment of many binocular vision and disorders.

In biology and chemistry, complex molecular structures are often

viewed using stereopairs for better view and their study.

This technique is also used in holography.

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FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

Future enhancement of stereoscopic imaging is Auto stereoscopy.

Autostereoscopy is any method of displaying stereoscopic (3D)

images without the use of special equipment or glasses.

Because headgear is not required, it is also called "glasses-free 3D“.

Automultiscopic displays provide multiple views of the same scene,

rather than just two.

Each view is visible from a different range of positions in front of the

display. This allows the viewer to move left-right in front of the

display and see the correct view from any position.

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PROS & CONS OFSTEREOSCOPIC IMAGING

By producing a concise visual summary from cross-sectional

exams, 3D imaging can,

1. Create studies that are faster and easier to read.

2. Facilitate diagnoses, treatment and surgical planning.

3. Increase clinical productivity.

It gives a better view of any object so its study becomes easy and

productive.

Stereoscopic imaging technique requires very high cost.

It is not available everywhere.

This technique uses eye glasses which becomes uncomfortable for

the persons wearing spectacles.

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CONCLUSION

Topic Seminar provided me the knowledge about

technology involved and functioning of the stereoscopic

imaging.

Given me an idea regarding how the theoretical things

are put into application and the errors that are

encountered during execution.

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REFERENCES

1) Flight Simulation, J. M. Rolfe and K. J. Staples, Cambridge

University Press, 1986, page 134

2) Kaufmann, H.; Schmalstieg, D.; Wagner, M.: Construct3D: a Virtual

Reality Application for Mathematics and Geometry Education.

Education and Information Technologies, London, England, v. 5, n.

4, p. 263-276, 2000

3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereoscopy

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