stock & reference guide - boyd metals€¦ · stock & reference guide ©2012 boyd metals...

Stock & Reference Guide

Stock & RefeRence Guide

www.boydmetals.com©2012 Boyd Metals

Boyd Metals of Oklahoma City6060 S.W. 44th Street

P.O. Box 19410Oklahoma City, OK 73144-0410

(405) 682-2231Fax (405) 685-1415

(866) 425-2693

Boyd Metals of Little Rock4324 Mauney Road

P.O. Box 3297Little Rock, Arkansas 72203-3297

(501) 301-8500Fax (501) 301-8501

(866) 393-2693

Boyd Metals of Fort Smith600 South 7th Street

P.O. Box 819Fort Smith, Arkansas 72902-0819

(479) 782-9060Fax (479) 782-3980Fax (479) 782-0424

(800) 323-8806

Boyd Metals of Joplin1027 Byers Avenue

P.O. Box 1746Joplin, Missouri 64802-1746

(417) 626-2693Fax (417) 623-3694Fax (888) 323-8763

(800) 585-2693

A Message From Our President

Boyd Metals is proud to present our Stock and Reference Guide to metal products. We stock a wide range of the listed prod-ucts and are ready to supply all non-inventory items in a timely manner through our numerous contacts in the metals industry.

Our goal is to be your complete metals supplier and processor. We encourage all of our associates and representatives to take all the steps necessary to satisfy you with the highest quality product at a competitive price.

Take a few minutes and browse the Stock and Reference Guide and when you find an item that you need, call one of our sales people and they will be glad to help you with your requirements.

Tom Kennon

—Mission Statement—

Boyd Metals is totally committed to providing our customers with the best overall service and value in the metals service center industry. We supply qual-ity products at competitive prices, packaged properly and delivered in a timely manner. If we make an error we correct the problem quickly and to the customers’ satisfaction.

Boyd Metals realizes our success has been based on dealing ethically and fairly with our customers, our employees and our vendors, with our future dependent upon how we honor those with whom we do business.

General Stock Book Information

To enable this stock book to be more useful and easy to read, it is divided into eleven general sections, with a sub-index for each section. Also, there is a Product Index that encompasses the entire book to offer assistance in searching for particular types, forms, or shapes.

While this book lists a vast collection of items and data, it is by no means a complete listing of every product produced or manufactured for distribution by the steel service center industry. The listed items in this book are not necessarily inventoried by Boyd Metals, but are a representation of products that are, in most cases, readily available. If you have a requirement for an item that is not listed in this book, contact a representative of Boyd Metals to check on the availability of that item.

This book should be used for general information only. The data herein is generally accepted throughout the steel service center industry and is correct to the best of Boyd Metals’ knowledge. Boyd Metals is expressly not respon-sible for errors and/or omissions of the represented data and reserves the right to add or delete items or data without notice.

It should be noted that all products are subject to standard tolerances and variations consistent with usual manufacturing and trade practices regarding dimensions, straightness, flatness, section, composi-tion, and mechanical properties, and normal variations in surface and internal conditions of quality. All products shall also be subject to deviations from tolerances and variations consistent with standard practical testing and inspection methods. It should also be noted that standard tolerances and variations may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.

SECTION INDEX

Section Description

A Structural Shapes

B Bars

C Plates

D Sheets

E Tubing & Pipe

F PVF

G Stainless Steel

H Aluminum

I Specialty Products

J Brass, Bronze, Copper

K Data

PRODUCT INDEXProduct Page Angle Aluminum .................... H-9 Carbon Steel ............... A-12 Stainless Steel ............ G-7

Beam Aluminum .................... H-12 Carbon Steel ............... A-2 Stainless Steel ............ G-8

Channel Aluminum .................... H-10 Carbon Steel ............... A-9 Stainless Steel ............ G-8

Expanded Metal Aluminum .............. I-3 & I-5 Carbon Steel ......... I-2 & I-3 Stainless Steel ..... G18 & I-5

Expanded Metal Grating Carbon Steel ............... I-6

Flat Bar Aluminum .................... H-16 Brass ........................... J-6 Carbon Steel - Cold Finished ............ B-11 Hot Rolled ................. B-6 Copper ........................ J-11 Stainless Steel ............ G-11

Floor Plate Aluminum .................... H-20 Carbon Steel ............... C-8 Stainless Steel ............ G-12

Product Page Grating Aluminum .................... I-7 Carbon Steel ............... I-7 Fiberglass ................... I-12 Stainless Steel ............ I-7

Half Rounds Stainless Steel ............ G-11

Hexagon Bar Aluminum .................... H-15 Brass ........................... J-5 Carbon Steel - Cold Finished ........... B-16 Stainless Steel ............ G-10

Perforated Metal Aluminum .................... I-9 Carbon Steel ............... I-8 Stainless Steel ............ I-10

Pipe Aluminum .................... H-27 Carbon Steel ............... E-32 Stainless Steel ............ G-21

Plate Aluminum .................... H-18 Carbon Steel ............... C-6 Stainless Steel ............ G-13

Rail Carbon Steel ............. A-14

Reinforcing Bar Carbon Steel ............... I-1

Reinforcing Wire Mesh Carbon Steel ............... I-1

Product Page Round Bar Aluminum .................... H-14 Brass ........................... J-3 Bronze ......................... J-7 Carbon Steel - Cold Finished ........... B-17 Hot Rolled ................. B-10 T, G & P ..................... B-18 Copper ........................ J-10 Stainless Steel ............ G-9

Safety Grating Carbon Steel ............... I-11

Sheet Aluminum .................... H-21 Carbon Steel - Cold Rolled .............. D-7 Hot Rolled ................. D-5 Hot Rolled Pickled & Oiled ...................... D-5 Galvanized ................ D-10 Stainless Steel ............ G-16

Square Bar Aluminum .................... H-15 Brass ........................... J-6 Carbon Steel - Cold Finished ........... B-15 Hot Rolled ................. B-9 Copper ........................ J-11 Stainless Steel ........... G-10

Product Page Tee Aluminum................... H-13 Carbon Steel ............. A-14

Tubing Aluminum - Rectangular ............ H-26 Round ..................... H-24 Square .................... H-26 Bronze - Round ..................... J-8 Carbon Steel - Rectangular ............ E-29 Relift ....................... E-39 Round ..................... E-4 Square .................... E-27 Stainless Steel - Rectangular ........... G-19 Round ..................... G-20 Square .................... G-19

Universal Mill Plate Carbon Steel ............... C-5

Valves & Fittings ......... F-2

SECTION A

Structural Shapes Page

Processing Services A-1

Standard “I” Beam A-2

Junior Beams A-2

Wide Flange Beams A-3

H - Pilings A-8

Channels - Bar Sizes A-9

Channels - Structural Sizes A-10

Channels - MC (Ship & Car) A-11

Channels - Junior Sizes A-12

Angles - Bar Sizes A-12

Angles - Structural Sizes A-13

Tees - Bar Sizes A-14

Rail - ASCE Sections A-14

Structural Processing Services Available

CopingGalvanizingMiter Cutting

Pickling & OilingPainting

Production CuttingPunchingRolling

Saw Cutting to LengthTees Split From Beams

A-1

A-2

M6 x

M8 x

M10 x

M12 x

Standard “I” BeamsASTM A-36Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 60 Ft.

Junior BeamsASTM A-36Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 40 Ft.

Nominal Size in Inches

ADepth of Section Inches

S3 x

S4 x

S5 x

S6 x

S8 x

S10 x

S12 x

S15 x

S18 x

S20 x

S24 x

Weight per Foot

Weight per Foot

BFlangeWidth Inches

BFlangeWidth Inches

DWeb

Thickness Inches

DWeb

Thickness Inches

5.707.50

7.709.50

10.00

12.5017.25

18.4023.00

25.4035.00

31.8035.0040.8050.00

42.9050.00

54.7070.00

66.0075.0086.0096.00

80.0090.00

100.00106.00121.00

4.40

6.50

9.00

11.80

2.3302.509

2.6632.796

3.004

3.3323.565

4.0014.171

4.6614.944

5.0005.0785.2525.477

5.5015.640

6.0016.251

6.2506.3757.0007.250

7.0007.1257.2507.8758.050

1.844

2.281

2.690

3.065

.114

.135

.157

.177

.170

.349

.193

.326

.214

.232

.465

.271

.441

.311

.594

.350

.428

.462

.687

.411

.550

.461

.711

.505

.635

.660

.800

.500

.625

.745

.620

.800

B

ACD

B

ACD

ADepth of Section Inches

CAvg. FlangeThickness

Inches 3.00 3.00

4.00 4.00 5.00

6.00 6.00

8.00 8.00

10.0010.00

12.0012.0012.0012.00

15.0015.00

18.0018.00

20.0020.0020.2520.25

24.0024.0024.0024.5024.50

.260

.260

.293

.293

.326

.359

.359

.425

.425

.491

.491

.544

.544

.659

.659

.622

.622

.691

.691

.795

.795

.920

.920

.870

.870

.8701.0901.090

Nominal Size in Inches


Inches 6.00 8.00

10.00

12.00

.171

.189

.206

.225

A-3

NominalSize inInches

W4 x

W5 x

W6 x

W8 x

W10 x

Weight per Foot


Inches

BFlangeWidthInches

ADepth of SectionInches

DWeb

Thickness Inches

13

1619

91215162025

10131518212428313540485867

12151719222630333945495460687788

100112

.345

.360

.430

.215

.280

.260

.405

.365

.455

.205

.255

.315

.330

.400

.400

.465

.435

.495

.560

.685

.810

.935

.210

.270

.330

.395

.360

.440

.510

.435

.530

.620

.560

.615

.680

.770

.870

.9901.1201.250

4.060

5.0005.030

3.9404.0005.9904.0306.0206.080

3.9404.0004.0155.2505.2706.4956.5357.9958.0208.0708.1108.2208.280

3.9604.0004.0104.0205.7505.7705.8107.9607.9858.020

10.00010.03010.08010.13010.19010.26510.34010.415

4.16

5.015.15

5.906.035.996.286.206.38

7.897.998.118.148.287.938.068.008.128.258.508.759.00

9.879.99

10.1110.2410.1710.3310.479.739.92

10.109.98

10.0910.2210.4010.6010.8411.1011.36

.280

.240

.270

.170

.230

.230

.260

.260

.320

.170

.230

.245

.230

.250

.245

.285

.285

.310

.360

.400

.510

.570

.190

.230

.240

.250

.240

.260

.300

.290

.315

.350

.340

.370

.420

.470

.530

.605

.680

.755

Wide Flange Beams

ASTM A-992Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 60 Ft.

B

ACD

A-4

Wide Flange Beams



W12 x

W14 x

Weight per Foot


Inches

BFlangeWidthInches


DWeb

Thickness Inches

1416192226303540455053586572798796

106120136152170190

2226303438434853616874829099

109120132 145159 176193 211233257283311342370398

.225

.265

.350

.425

.380

.440

.520

.515

.575

.640

.575

.640

.605

.670

.735

.810

.900

.9901.1051.2501.4001.5601.735

.335

.420

.385

.455

.515

.530

.595

.660

.645

.720

.785

.855

.710

.780

.860

.9401.0301.0901.1901.3101.4401.5601.7201.8902.0702.2602.4702.6602.845

3.9703.9904.0054.0306.4906.5206.5608.0058.0458.0809.995

10.01012.00012.04012.08012.12512.16012.22012.32012.40012.48012.57012.670

5.0005.0256.7306.7456.7707.9958.0308.0609.995

10.03510.07010.13014.52014.56514.60514.67014.72515.50015.56515.65015.71015.80015.89015.99516.11016.23016.36016.47516.590

11.9111.9912.1612.3112.2212.3412.5011.9412.0612.1912.0612.1912.1212.2512.3812.5312.7112.8913.1213.4113.7114.0314.38

13.7413.9113.8413.9814.1013.6613.7913.9213.8914.0414.1714.3114.0214.1614.3214.4814.6614.7814.9815.2215.4815.7216.0416.3816.7417.1217.5417.9218.29

.200

.220

.235

.260

.230

.260

.300

.295

.335

.370

.345

.360

.390

.430

.470

.515

.550

.610

.710

.790

.870

.9601.060

.230

.255

.270

.285

.310

.305

.340

.370

.375

.415

.450

.510

.440

.485

.525

.590

.645

.680

.745

.830

.890

.9801.070 1.1751.2901.4101.5401.6551.770

B

ACD

A-5

Wide Flange Beams



W16 x

W18 x

W21 x

Weight per Foot


Inches

BFlangeWidthInches


DWeb

Thickness Inches

26313640455057677789

100

3540465055606571768697

106119130143158175192211234258

4450576268738393

101111122132147166182201

.345

.440

.430

.505

.565

.630

.715

.665

.760

.875

.985

.425

.525

.605

.570

.630

.695

.750

.810

.680

.770

.870

.9401.0601.2001.3201.4401.5901.7501.9102.1102.300

.450

.535

.650

.615

.685

.740

.835

.930

.800

.875

.9601.0351.1501.3601.4801.630

5.5005.5256.9856.9957.0357.0707.120

10.23510.29510.36510.425

6.0006.0156.0607.4957.5307.5557.5907.635

11.03511.09011.14511.20011.26511.16011.22011.30011.37511.45511.55511.65011.770

6.5006.5306.5558.2408.2708.2958.3558.420

12.29012.34012.39012.44012.51012.42012.50012.575

15.6915.8815.8616.0116.1316.2616.4316.3316.5216.7516.97

17.7017.9018.0617.9918.1118.2418.3518.4718.2118.3918.5918.7318.9719.2519.4919.7220.0420.3520.6721.0621.46

20.6620.8321.0620.9921.1321.2421.4321.6221.3621.5121.6821.8322.0622.4822.7223.03

250.275.295.305.345.380.430.395.455.525.585

.300

.315

.360

.355

.390

.415

.450

.495

.425

.480

.535

.590

.655

.670

.730

.810

.890

.9601.0601.1601.280

.350

.380

.405

.400

.430

.455

.515

.580

.500

.550

.600

.650

.720

.750

.830

.910

B

ACD

A-6

Wide Flange Beams



W24 x

W27 x

Weight per Foot


Inches

BFlangeWidthInches


DWeb

Thickness Inches

556268768494

103104117131146162176192207229250

8494

102114129146161178194217

.505

.590

.585

.680

.770

.875

.980

.750

.850

.9601.0901.2201.3401.4601.5701.7301.890

.640

.747

.830

.9301.100.975

1.0801.1901.3401.500

7.0057.0408.9658.9909.0209.0659.000

12.75012.80012.85512.90012.95512.89012.95013.01013.11013.185

9.9609.990

10.01510.07010.01013.96514.02014.08514.03514.115

23.5723.7423.7323.9224.1024.3124.5324.0624.2624.4824.7425.0025.2425.4725.7126.0226.34

26.7126.9227.0927.2927.6327.3827.5927.8128.1128.43

.395

.430

.415

.440

.470

.515

.550

.500

.550

.605

.650

.705

.750

.810

.870

.9601.040

.460

.490

.515

.570

.610

.605

.660

.725

.750

.830

B

ACD

A-7

Wide Flange Beams



W30 x

W33 x

W36 x

W40 x

Weight per Foot


Inches

BFlangeWidthInches


DWeb

Thickness Inches

9099

108116124132148173191211235

118130141152169201221241

135150160170182194210230232245256260280300328

149167199211249277297362397

.610

.670

.760

.850

.9301.0001.1801.0651.1851.3151.500

.740

.855

.9601.0551.2201.1501.2751.400

.790

.9401.0201.1001.1801.2601.3601.2601.5701.3501.7301.4401.5701.6801.850

.8301.0251.0651.4151.4201.5751.6502.010 2.200

10.40010.45010.47510.49510.51510.54510.48014.98515.04015.10515.055

11.48011.51011.53511.56511.50015.74515.80515.860

11.95011.97512.00012.03012.07512.11512.18016.47012.12016.51012.21516.55016.59516.65516.630

11.81011.81015.75011.81015.75015.83015.82516.02016.120

29.5329.6529.8330.0130.1730.3130.6730.4430.6830.9431.30

32.8633.0933.0033.4933.8233.6833.9334.18

35.5535.8536.0136.1736.3336.4936.6935.9037.1236.0837.4336.2636.5236.7437.09

38.2038.5938.6739.3739.3839.6939.8440.55 40.95

.470

.520

.545

.565

.585

.615

.650

.655

.710

.775

.830

.550

.580

.605

.635

.670

.715

.775

.830

.600

.625

.650

.680

.725

.765

.830

.760

.870

.800

.960

.840

.885

.9451.020

.630

.650

.650

.750

.750

.830

.9301.1201.220

B

ACD

A-8

H-Pilings


HP8 x

HP10 x

HP12 x

HP14 x

36

4257

53637484

7389

102117

.445

.415

.565

.435

.515

.605

.685

.505

.615

.705

.805

.445

.420

.565

.435

.515

.610

.685

.505

.615

.705

.805

8.155

10.07510.225

12.04512.12512.21512.295

14.58514.69514.78514.885

B

ACD


Weight per Foot


BFlangeWidthInches


Inches

DWeb

Thickness Inches

8.02

9.709.99

11.7811.9412.1312.28

13.6113.8314.0114.21

A-9

Channels - Bar Sizes

ASTM A-36Available in 20 Ft. Lengths

Size in Inches

A B C

3/4 x

1 x

1 x

1-1/8 x

1-1/4 x

1-1/2 x

1-1/2 x

1-1/2 x

2 x

2 x

2 x

2 x

2 x

2-1/2 x

3/8 x

3/8 x

1/2 x

9/16 x

1/2 x

1/2 x

9/16 x

3/4 x

1/2 x

9/16 x

5/8 x

1 x

1 x

5/8 x

1/8

1/8

1/8

3/16

1/8

1/8

3/16

1/8

1/8

3/16

1/4

1/8

3/16

3/16

Weight Per Foot(1)

.56

.68

.84

1.16 1.01

1.12

1.44

1.17

1.43

1.86

2.28

1.59

2.32

2.27

(1) These weights may vary depending on producing mill.

A C

B

A-10

Channels - Structural Sizes


ADepth

in InchesC3 x

C4 x

C5 x

C6 x

C7 x

C8 x

C9 x

C10 x

C12 x

C15 x

Weight per Foot

BFlange

Width Inches

CWeb Thickness

Inches

3.5 4.15.06.0

4.55.4

6.257.25

6.79.0

8.210.513.0

9.812.2514.75

11.513.7518.75

13.415.020.0

15.320.025.030.0

20.725.030.0

33.940.050.0

1.3751.4101.4981.596

1.5841.5841.6471.721

1.7501.885

1.9202.0342.157

2.0902.1942.299

2.2602.3432.527

2.4332.4852.648

2.6002.7392.8863.033

2.9423.0473.170

3.4003.5203.716

.132

.170

.258

.356

.125

.184

.247

.321

.190

.325

.200

.314

.437

.210

.314

.419

.220

.303

.487

.233

.285

.448

.240

.379

.526

.673

.282

.387

.510

.400

.520

.716

A C

B

A-11

Channels - MC (Ship & Car)


ADepth

in InchesMC3 x

MC4 x

MC6 x

MC7 x

MC8 x

MC9 x

MC10 x

MC12 x

MC13 x

MC18 x

Weight per Foot

BFlange

Width Inches

CWeb Thickness

Inches7.1

13.8

12.015.115.316.318.0

19.122.7

18.720.021.422.8

23.925.4

22.025.028.533.641.1

31.035.040.045.050.0

31.835.040.050.0

42.745.851.958.0

1.938

2.500

2.4972.9413.5003.0003.504

3.4523.603

2.9783.0253.4503.502

3.4503.500

3.3153.4053.9504.1004.321

3.6703.7673.8904.0124.135

4.0004.0724.1854.412

3.9504.0004.1004.200

.312

.500

.310

.316

.340

.375

.379

.352

.503

.353

.400

.375

.427

.400

.450

.290

.380

.425

.575

.796

.370

.465

.590

.710

.835

.375

.447

.560

.787

.450

.500

.600

.700

A C

B

A-12

Angles - Bar SizesASTM A-36Available in Lengths 20 Ft. and 40 Ft.

1/2 x

5/8 x

3/4 x

7/8 x

1 x

1 x

1 x

1-1/4 x

1-3/8 x

1-1/2 x

1-1/2 x

1-3/4 x

1-3/4 x

2 x

2 x

2 x

2-1/2 x

2-1/2 x

2-1/2 x

1/2 x

5/8 x

3/4 x

7/8 x

5/8 x

3/4 x

1 x

1-1/4 x

7/8 x

1-1/4 x

1-1/2 x

1-1/4 x

1-3/4 x

1-1/4 x

1-1/2 x

2 x

1-1/2 x

2 x

2-1/2 x

1/8

1/8

1/8

1/8

1/8

1/8

1/83/161/4

1/83/161/4

1/8

3/16

1/83/161/4

1/83/161/4

1/83/161/4

3/161/4

1/83/161/4

1/83/161/45/163/8

3/161/45/6

3/161/45/163/8

3/161/45/163/81/2

Size in Inches

A B C

Size in Inches

A B CWt. Per

FootWt. Per

Foot

.38

.48

.59

.70

.64

.70

.801.161.49

1.011.481.92

.91

1.65

1.231.802.34

1.231.802.34

1.442.122.77

1.962.55

1.442.122.77

1.652.443.193.924.70

2.473.193.92

2.753.624.505.30

3.074.105.005.907.70

MC8 x

MC10 x

MC12 x

Channels - Junior SizesASTM A-36Available in Lengths 20 Ft. and 40 Ft.

ADepth

in InchesWeight

per Foot

BFlange

Width Inches

CWeb Thickness

Inches

8.5

6.58.4

10.6

1.875

1.1271.500

1.500

.180

.152

.170

.190

A C

B

A C

B

Angles - Structural SizesASTM A-36Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 60 Ft.

5 x

5 x

6 x

6 x

6 x

7 x

8 x

8 x

8 x

9 x

3-1/2 x

5 x

3-1/2 x

4 x

6 x

4 x

4 x

6 x

8 x

4 x

1/45/163/81/25/83/4

5/163/81/25/83/4

1/45/163/81/2

5/163/81/25/83/4

5/163/81/25/83/41

3/81/25/83/4

1/23/4

1/23/41

1/25/83/41

1-1/8

1/2

Size in InchesA B C

Size in InchesA B C

Wt. PerFoot

Wt. PerFoot

7.008.70

10.4013.6016.8019.80

10.3012.3016.2020.0023.60

7.909.80

11.7015.30

10.3012.3016.2020.0023.60

12.4014.9019.6024.2028.7037.40

13.6017.9022.1026.20

19.6028.70

23.0033.8044.20

26.4032.7038.9051.0056.90

21.30

3 x

3 x

3 x

3-1/2 x

3-1/2 x

3-1/2 x

4 x

4 x

4 x

5 x

2 x

2-1/2 x

3 x

2-1/2 x

3 x

3-1/2 x

3 x

3-1/2 x

4 x

3 x

3/161/45/163/81/2

3/161/45/163/81/2

3/161/45/163/81/2

1/45/163/81/2

1/45/163/81/2

1/45/163/81/2

1/45/163/81/2

1/45/163/81/2

1/45/163/81/25/83/4

1/45/163/81/2

3.074.105.005.907.70

3.394.505.606.608.50

3.714.906.107.209.40

4.906.107.209.40

5.406.607.90

10.20

5.807.208.50

11.10

5.807.208.50

11.10

6.207.709.10

11.90

6.608.209.80

12.8015.7018.50

6.608.209.80

12.80

A-13

A C

B

A-14

Rails - ASCE SectionsNew Billet Steel

121620253040608085

11-11/641-11/32

1-1/21-11/16

1-7/82-3/82-1/2

2-9/16

124016402040254030404040604080408540

22-3/82-5/82-3/43-1/83-1/24-1/4

55-3/16

22-3/82-5/82-3/43-1/83-1/24-1/4

55-3/16

PoundsPer Yard

Heightin Inches

d

SectionNo.

Widthof Base

b303030

30 & 4030 & 4030 & 40

30, 33, 39 & 4039 & 40

30, 33, 39 & 60

1-1/2 x

2 x

Tees - Bar SizesASTM A-36Available in 20 Ft. Lengths

FlangeInches

b

StemInches

d

ThicknessInches

t

Weight Per Foot(1)

1-1/2 x

2 x

3/161/4

1/4

1.802.43

3.62

(1)These weights may vary depending on producing mill.

Widthof Head

c

Lengthin Feet

b

d

t

b

d

c

SECTION B

Bars Page

Processing Services B-1

Introduction to Bars

Hot Rolled B-2

Cold Finished B-3

Alloys B-4

Hot Rolled Flats B-6

Hot Rolled Squares B-9

Hot Rolled Rounds B-10

Cold Finished Flats B-11

Cold Finished Squares B-15

Cold Finished Hexagons B-16

Cold Finished Rounds B-17

Turned, Ground and Polished Rounds B-18

B-1

Bar Processing Services Available

Centerless Grinding

Galvanizing

Hard Chrome Plating

Induction Hardening

Miter Cutting

Pickling & Oiling

Production Cutting

Production Shearing

Rolling

Saw Cutting to Length

Trepanning

Picture

B-2

Product Introduction - Hot Rolled Bars

Merchant Quality

M1010/M1020

M1044

Commercial Grade ASTM A-36

Special Quality

1018 & 1020

1040 & 1045

1095

Low carbon, general purpose steels (“mild steel”) suitable for forming, welding, and many fabrication ap-plications.

Similar to C1045 in strength and heat-treatment properties but less costly.

The standard specification for Hot Rolled Bars and Shapes. This grade is produced to a minimum yield of 36,000 psi with a tensile strength of 58,000/80,000 psi.

Low carbon, general purpose steels produced to specific chemistries with predictable physical properties.

Higher carbon levels increase strength and allow heat treatment for enhanced properties.

(Spring Steel) High mechanical properties due to a high carbon content. Can be heat-treated to very high tensile and yield values.

B-3

Product Introduction - Cold Finished Bars

Cold Finished carbon steel bars are produced from hot rolled special bar quality stock by means of several different cold finishing processes: COLD DRAWING, TURNING & POLISHING, TURNING, GRINDING & POLISHING, and COLD ROLLING. The primary purpose of cold finish-ing is to improve: surface quality, dimensional accuracy and straight-ness, machinability, and overall mechanical properties.

1018

1044/1045

1117

11L17

1141/1144

12L14

1215

A low carbon steel with medium manganese con-tent, suitable for applications where high stresses are not involved.

A medium carbon steel used extensively in induc-tion hardening applications.

A low carbon, high manganese steel with good machining and carburizing properties. Withstands bending, broaching, and most deforming without cracking.

The addition of .15 to .35% LEAD to the 1117 chemistry greatly improves machinability without sacrificing other physical properties.

A medium carbon, high manganese steel with free machining qualities. These grades are recommend-ed for parts requiring greater strength and/or wear resistance than can be obtained from lower carbon steels.Stressproof - A higher strength, stress relieved bar without heat treatment is readily machinable with minimum distortion.Fatigueproof - A higher strength than stressproof achieved by mechanical working and thermal treat-ment. Eliminates need for heat treating and sec-ondary operations such as straightening. Readily machinable with low residual stress.

A lead bearing steel with superior machine rates and excellent physical properties. It is a favorite grade for automatic screw machine work.

This fast cutting steel is the standard screw stock. The machine finish is smooth and bright.

B-4

Product Introduction - Alloy Bars

4140/4150

ETD 150

41L40/41L50

4340

8620

A widely used medium carbon alloy steel. A true general purpose, low cost alloy bar. With nominal composition of .95% chromium and .20% molybdenum content, a broad range of strength and toughness is attainable through heat treatment. This alloy has good hardenabil-ity, strength, wear resistance, toughness, and ductility.

It is made by the elevated temperature drawing process to obtain properties and strengths usu-ally achieved only by quenching and tempering. No heat treating is required - properties are in-the-bar as received. This steel machines faster than heat treated bars and compares favorably with cold drawn 4140 annealed.

An annealed free machining direct hardening alloy with medium carbon content. With the addition of .15%-.35% lead, this alloy can be quenched and tempered to a wide range of strength levels with little loss in machinability.

A highly alloyed steel with nominal composition of 1.80% nickel, .80% chromium, and .25% mo-lybdenum content that assures deep hardness when oil quenched, with high strength charac-teristics attained throughout the section. This alloy is used for heavily stressed parts.

The most widely used of all case harden-ing alloys. A true general purpose, low cost, low carbon, oil hardened steel with good core properties. Nominal composition is balanced with .55% nickel, .50% chromium, .20% molyb-denum.

For more extensive data concerning hot rolled, cold rolled, and alloy bars refer to the data section of this catalog.

B-5

Product Introduction - Alloy Bars

86L20 Similar to 8620, except with the addition of lead, this steel becomes an excellent free machining, case hardening steel. This alloy develops a uni-formly hard case supported by a tough, ductile core and has relatively low distortion in heat treatment.

For more extensive data concerning hot rolled, cold rolled, and alloy bars refer to the data section of this catalog.

B-6

Hot Rolled Flats

Available in 20 Ft. Lengths

1/8 x

3/16 x

1/4 x

1/2 3/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/244-1/2568

1/2 3/4 7/811-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/24568

1/2 3/411-1/41-1/21-3/4

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

Weight Per Foot

Weight Per Foot

.213 .319 .425 .531 .638 .744 .850 .9561.0631.1691.2751.4881.7001.9132.1252.5503.400

.319 .478 .558 .638 .797 .9561.1161.2751.4341.5941.7531.9132.2312.5503.1883.8255.100

.425 .638 .8501.0631.2751.488

1/4 x

5/16 x

3/8 x

22-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/244-1/255-1/2678

1/2 3/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/233-1/43-1/24568

1/2 3/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/2

1.7001.9132.1252.3382.5502.9753.4003.8254.2504.6755.1005.9506.800

.531 .7971.0631.3281.5941.8592.1252.3912.6563.1883.4533.7194.2505.3136.3758.500

.638 .9561.2751.5941.9132.2312.5502.8693.188

B-7

Hot Rolled Flats


3/8 x

1/2 x

5/8 x

2-3/4 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 7 8

3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6 7 8 1 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 6 8

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

WeightPer Foot

Weight Per Foot

3.506 3.825 4.463 5.100 5.738 6.375 7.013 7.650 8.92510.200

1.275 1.700 2.125 2.550 2.975 3.400 3.825 4.250 4.675 5.100 5.950 6.800 7.650 8.500 9.35010.20011.90013.600

2.125 3.188 4.250 5.313 6.375 7.438 8.500 9.56310.62512.75017.000

3/4 x

7/8 x

1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 5 6 7 8 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 5 6 7 8

2.550 3.188 3.825 5.100 6.375 7.650 8.92510.20012.75015.30017.85020.400

2.975 3.719 4.463 5.206 5.950 6.694 7.438 8.92510.41311.90014.87517.85020.83023.800

B-8

Hot Rolled Flats


1 x

1-1/4 x

1-1/2 x

2 x

1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 5 6 7 8

2 3 4 5 6

2 3 4 5 6

2-1/2 3 4 5 6

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

Weight Per Foot

Weight Per Foot

5.100 6.800 8.50010.20011.90013.60017.00020.40023.80027.200

8.50012.75017.00021.25025.500

10.20015.30020.40025.50030.600

17.00020.40027.20034.00040.800

B-9

Hot Rolled Squares


3/87/161/29/165/83/47/8

11-1/81-1/41-1/21-3/4

2 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4

3 3-1/2

4 4-1/2

5

6

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

Weight Per Foot

Weight Per Foot

.478 .651 .850 1.076 1.330 1.910 2.600

3.400 4.300 5.310 7.65010.410

13.600 17.210 21.250 25.710

30.600 41.650

54.400 68.850

85.000

122.400

B-10

Hot Rolled RoundsASTM A-36Available in Lengths 20 Ft. to 40 Ft.

1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/815/16

11-1/81-3/161-1/41-3/81-1/21-5/81-3/41-7/8

22-1/42-1/22-3/4

33-1/43-1/23-3/4

44-1/44-1/24-3/4

55-1/45-1/25-3/4

66-1/46-1/26-3/4

77-1/47-1/27-3/4

88-1/48-1/28-3/4

99-1/2

1010-1/2

11

12

Diameter in

Inches

Size in

Inches

Weight Per Foot

WeightPer Foot

.167 .261 .376 .511 .668 .8451.0431.5022.0452.347

2.6703.3803.7664.1725.0496.0087.0528.1789.388

10.6813.5216.6920.19

24.03 28.2132.71 37.55

42.73 48.23 54.08 60.25

66.76 73.60 80.78 88.29

96.13104.30112.80121.70

130.90140.40150.20160.40

170.90181.80192.90204.50

216.30241.00

267.00294.40

323.10

384.50

Forged and rough-turned rounds available up to 24”diameter. Please inquire.

B-11

Cold Finished FlatsAvailable in 12 Ft. Random Lengths

1/8 x

3/16 x

1/4 x

1/4 x

5/16 x

1/25/83/47/811-1/81-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/233-1/2456

1/25/83/47/811-1/81-1/41-1/21-3/41-7/822-1/42-1/233-1/2456

1/25/83/47/81

1-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/21-5/8 1-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/43-1/23-3/444-1/255-1/267891012

1/25/83/47/811-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/4

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

.213 .266 .319 .372 .425 .478 .531 .638 .744 .8501.0631.2751.4881.7002.1252.550

.319 .398 .478 .558 .638 .717 .797 .9561.1161.1951.2751.4341.5941.9132.2312.5503.1883.825

.425 .531 .638 .744 .850

.9561.0631.1691.2751.3811.4881.7001.9132.1252.3382.5502.7632.9753.1883.4003.8254.2504.6755.1005.9506.8007.6508.50010.20

.531 .664 .797 .9301.0631.3281.5941.8592.1252.3912.6562.922

B-12


5/16 x

3/8 x

1/2 x

5/8 x

33-1/244-1/256

1/29/165/83/47/811-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/21-5/81-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/43-1/23-3/444-1/255-1/26789101214-5/8

3/47/811-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/21-5/81-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/43-1/244-1/24-3/455-1/26789101214-5/8

11-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/244-1/25678

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

3.1883.7194.2504.7815.3136.375

.638 .717 .797 .9561.1161.2750.4341.5941.7531.9132.0722.2312.5502.8693.1883.5063.8254.1444.4634.7815.1005.7386.3757.0137.6508.92510.2011.4812.7515.3018.65

1.2751.4881.7001.913 2.1252.3382.5502.7632.9753.4003.8254.2504.6755.1005.5255.9506.8007.6508.0758.5009.35010.2011.9013.60 15.3017.0020.4024.86

2.1252.6563.1883.7194.2504.7815.3135.8446.3757.4388.5009.56310.6312.7514.8817.00

B-13


5/8 x

3/4 x

1 x

101214-5/8

11-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/43-1/244-1/255-1/2678910111214-5/8

1-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/244-1/255-1/26

Size in

Inches

WeightPer Foot

21.2525.5031.08

2.5502.8693.1883.5063.8254.4635.1005.7386.3757.0137.6508.2888.92510.2011.4812.7514.0315.3017.8520.4022.9525.5028.0530.6037.29

4.2505.1005.9506.8007.6508.5009.35010.2011.9013.6015.3017.0018.7020.40

789101214-5/8

1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/42-1/22-3/43 3-1/43-1/24 4-1/25 5-1/268101214-5/8

22-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/43-1/244-1/255-1/268101214-5/8

1 x

1-1/4 x

1-1/2 x

Size in

Inches

WeightPer Foot

23.8027.2030.6034.0040.8049.73

6.3757.4388.5009.56310.6311.6912.7513.8114.8817.0019.1321.2523.3825.5034.0042.5051.0062.15

10.2011.4812.7514.0315.3016.5717.8520.4022.9525.5028.0530.6040.8051.0061.2074.59

B-14


1-3/4 x

2 x

2-1/4 x

2-1/2 x

3 x22-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/244-1/255-1/26

2-1/22-3/433-1/244-1/25681012

2-1/22-3/433-1/43-1/2456

33-1/244-1/256810

11.9013.3914.8816.3617.8520.8323.8026.7829.7532.7335.70

17.0018.7020.4023.8027.2030.6034.0040.8054.4068.0081.60

19.1321.0422.9524.8626.7830.6038.2545.90

25.5029.7534.0038.2542.5051.0068.0085.00

3-1/245681012

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

35.70 40.80 51.00 61.20 81.60102.00122.40

B-15

1-3/41-7/8

22-1/82-1/42-1/22-3/4

33-1/43-1/23-3/4

44-1/44-1/2

55-1/2

6

Cold Finished SquaresAvailable in 12 Ft. Random Lengths

1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16

1 1-1/8 1-3/16 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-5/8

.053 .120 .213 .332 .478 .651 .8501.0761.3291.6081.9142.2462.6052.990

3.4024.3064.7955.3166.4327.6558.984

10.41 11.95

13.60 15.35 17.21 21.25 25.71

30.60 35.91 41.65 47.81

54.40 64.41 68.85

85.00102.90

122.40

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

B-16

Cold Finished HexagonsAvailable in 12 Ft. Random Lengths

1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16

1 1-1/16 1-1/8 1-3/16 1-1/4

.184 .288 .414 .564 .736 .9321.1501.3921.6561.9442.2542.588

2.9443.3243.7274.1524.601

5.567 6.625 7.775 8.385 9.017 10.350

11.780 14.910 16.610 18.400 20.290 22.270

26.500 31.100 36.070 41.410 47.110

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

1-3/81-1/21-5/81-11/161-3/41-7/8

22-1/42-3/82-1/22-5/82-3/4

33-1/43-1/23-3/44

B-17

Cold Finished RoundsAvailable in 12 Ft. & 20 Ft. Random Lengths

1/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

11-1/161-1/81-3/161-1/41-5/161-3/81-7/161-1/21-9/161-5/81-11/161-3/41-13/161-7/81-15/16

22-1/162-1/82-3/162-1/42-5/162-3/82-7/162-1/22-9/162-5/82-11/162-3/4

2-13/162-7/82-15/16

33-1/163-1/83-3/163-1/43-5/163-3/83-7/163-1/23-9/163-5/83-11/163-3/43-13/163-7/83-15/16

44-1/84-1/44-3/84-7/164-1/24-5/84-3/44-7/84-15/16

55-1/45-3/85-7/165-1/25-5/85-3/45-7/85-15/16

6

Diameter in

Inches

Diameter in

Inches

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

.042 .094 .167 .261 .376 .511 .668 .845 1.043 1.262 1.502 1.763 2.045 2.347

2.670 3.015 3.380 3.766 4.173 4.600 5.049 5.518 6.008 6.520 7.052 7.604 8.178 8.773 9.388 10.020

10.68011.36012.06012.78013.52014.28015.06015.87016.69017.53018.40019.29020.190

21.1222.0723.04

24.0325.0526.0827.1328.2129.3030.4231.5532.7133.8935.0936.3137.5538.8140.1041.40

42.7345.4448.2351.1152.5854.0857.1260.2563.4665.10

66.7673.6077.1578.9580.7884.4988.2992.1794.14

96.13

Diameters over 6” are available turned and polished. Please inquire.

B-18

Turned, Ground, & Polished Rounds(1)

Available in 12 Ft., 20 Ft. & 24 Ft. Lengths

1/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/47/8

11-1/81-3/161-1/41-5/161-3/81-7/161-1/21-5/81-11/161-3/41-7/81-15/16

22-1/82-3/162-1/42-3/82-7/162-1/22-5/82-11/162-3/42-7/82-15/16

33-3/163-1/43-7/163-1/23-11/163-3/43-15/16

44-1/44-7/164-1/24-3/44-15/16

55-7/165-1/25-3/45-15/16

6

7

8

Diameter in

Inches

Diameter in

Inches

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

.042 .094 .167 .261 .376 .511 .668 .845 1.043 1.262 1.502 2.045

2.670 3.380 3.776 4.173 4.600 5.049 5.518 6.008 7.052 7.604 8.178 9.388 10.020

10.68012.06012.78013.52015.06015.87016.69018.40019.29020.19022.07023.040

24.03 27.13 28.21 31.55 32.71 36.31 37.55 41.40

42.73 48.23 52.58 54.08 60.25 65.10

66.76 78.95 80.78 88.29 94.14

96.13

130.80

170.90

(1)Diameters less than 1” are drawn, ground, & polished.

SECTION C

Plates Page

Processing Services C-1

Introduction to Plate C-2

Universal Mill Plates C-5

Hot Rolled Plates C-6

Floor Plates C-8

C-1

Plate Processing Services Available

BlankingFlame CuttingGalvanizing

GrindingLaser Cutting

Pickling & OilingPlasma Cutting

Production or SinglesPunching

Rolling & FormingShearing

Water Jet Cutting

C-2

Product Introduction - PlatesStructural Quality Plates

ASTM A283

ASTM A36

ASTM A572

ASTM A242

ASTM A588

ASTM A656

A general purpose, low-cost structural quality plate that has satisfactory forming, machining, and welding characteristics.

A structural quality carbon steel for use in welded, bolted, or riveted construction of bridges and buildings, and for general structural purposes. Produced with a minimum yield point of 36,000 psi, A36 is stronger than A283. A36 can be used to design lighter weight structures and equip-ment, and provide good weldability.

The most economical of the high strength, low alloy steels. This alloy provides high strength, good workability, and weldability at a moderate price. A572 has a mini-mum yield point of 50,000 psi and has the same corrosion resistance as that of plain carbon steel.

A242 has a minimum yield point of 50,000 psi but also offers a corrosion resistance of four times that of plain carbon steel. COR-TEN A conforms to A242 specifica-tions.

Similar to A242 but with a modified chem-istry, A588 also offers high strength and corrosion resistance. COR-TEN B con-forms to A588 specifications.

A low alloy, hot rolled, controlled cooled steel used for applications where high strength along with toughness, formabil-ity, weldability, and fatigue resistance are required. A656 has a minimum yield point of 80,000 psi. HI-FORM 80 conforms to A656.

C-3

Pressure Vessel Quality Plates

ASTM A285

ASTM A515

ASTM A516

Minimum Mechanical Properties ofStructural Quality Plates &

Pressure Vessel Quality PlatesASTM

Specification

A283 Gr.DA36

A572 Gr. 50A242

A588 Gr. AA656 Gr. 80A285 Gr. CA515 Gr. 70A516 Gr. 60A516 Gr. 65A516 Gr. 70

Yield Pointpsi

33,00036,00050,00050,00050,00080,00030,00038,00032,00035,00038,000

Tensile Strengthpsi

60 - 72,00058 - 80,000

65,00070,00070,00095,000

55 - 65,00070 - 85,00060 - 80,00065 - 80,00070 - 90,000

CarbonMax.*

not spec..25/.29

.23

.12

.19

.18

.28.31/.15.21/.27.24/.29.27/.31

*Depending on Thickness

A popular, moderate strength steel for stationary service vessels and boilers. This alloy has excellent formability and weldability.

More strength than A285 for intermedi-ate and high temperature service in boil-ers and pressure vessels. Weldable with proper recommended techniques, A515 plates have coarse grain structure and are silicon killed.

Carbon-manganese-silicon steel plate with a fine grain structure. A516 is designed for moderate and lower tem-perature service in pressure vessels where improved notch toughness is required.

Product Introduction - Plates

C-4

Product Introduction - Plates

Abrasion Resistant & Impact Resistant Plates

Abrasion resisting and impact resisting plates are low to medium carbon, low alloy steel that has been heat treated by quenching and tempering to develop high abrasion and impact resistance, and high yield strength. Due to the nature of the high hardness and toughness of these steels, they are relatively difficult to machine without the use of high speed tools. Typically, these steels have good welding and fabrication characteristics.

AR-225 A generally smooth sliding abrasion resistance with a Brinell Hardness of 200-225. Typical applications include handling of grains, coal fines, cement, sand, gravel, and earth.

AR-360 Has good sliding abrasion resistance and light impact resistance. With a Brinell Hardness of 321 (min.), this alloy is typically used for buckets, chutes, hoppers, and conveyors.

AR-400 Having a Brinell Hardness of 360 (min.), this alloy is suited for a broad range of applications where sliding abrasion and moderate impact resistance exists.

AR-500 Similar to AR-400 but with an even higher Brinell Hardness of 477 (min.) typically used in extreme conditions.

T-1 type A Combines high resistance to sliding and impact abrasion. This steel is typically used where formability and weldability are more critical than with the AR steels and higher impact resistance is desired. Brinell Hardness for this alloy falls in the 250 to 360 range depending on thickness. Maximum thickness is 1-1/4”.

T-1 type B Same as type A but is available in greater thicknesses up to 2”.

T-1 type C Same as type A but is available in thicknesses up to 6”.

For more extensive information on plate steel please refer to the data section of this catalog.

C-5

Universal Mill Plates

ASTM A-36Available in 20 Ft. Lengths

1/4 x 9101112

5/16 x 91012

3/8 x 9101112

1/2 x 91012

5/8 x 91012

3/4 x 91012

7/8 x 1012

1 x 91012

1-1/4 x 91012

1-1/2 x 1012

2 x 91012

Est. Weight PerFoot

Est. Weight PerFoot

Thickness & Width Inches

Thickness & Width Inches

22.9725.5230.63

29.7835.74

30.6334.0340.84

38.2542.5451.05

51.0561.26

61.2668.0681.68

7.66 8.51 9.3610.21

9.5710.6312.76

11.4912.7714.0415.32

15.3217.0220.42

19.1321.2725.53

C-6

PlatesASTM A-36

3/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/8

11/163/47/8

11-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/21-5/81-3/41-7/8

22-1/82-1/42-1/22-3/4

33-1/43-1/23-3/4

44-1/44-1/2

55-1/2

66-1/2

77-1/2

88-1/2

9

10

12

Thickness in Inches

Wt. Per Sq. Foot

7.6610.2112.7615.3217.8720.4222.9725.5328.0830.6335.74

40.8445.9551.0556.1661.2666.3771.4776.58

81.6886.7991.89

102.10112.31

122.52132.72142.93153.14

163.35173.56183.77

204.19224.61

245.03265.45

285.87306.29

326.71347.13

367.55

408.38

490.06

Thickness in Inches

Wt. Per Sq. Foot

C-7

Plates

Weights Per Plate -Most Common Sizes

Size

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 14448 x 240

60 x 9660 x 12060 x 14460 x 240

72 x 9672 x 12072 x 14472 x 240

96 x 240

5/8

816.961021.201225.442042.40

1021.201276.501531.802553.00

1225.441531.801838.163063.60

4084.80

1/2

653.44816.80980.16

1633.60

816.801021.001225.202042.00

980.161225.201470.242450.40

3267.20

3/4

980.161225.201470.242450.40

1225.201531.501837.803063.00

1470.241837.802205.363675.60

4900.80

7/8

1143.681429.601715.522859.20

1429.601787.002144.403574.00

1715.522144.402573.284288.80

5718.40

1

1306.881633.601960.323267.20

1633.602042.002450.404084.00

1960.322450.402940.484900.80

6534.40

Size 5/163/16 3/81/4 7/16

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 14448 x 240

60 x 9660 x 12060 x 14460 x 240

72 x 9672 x 12072 x 14472 x 240

96 x 240

326.72408.40490.08816.80

408.40510.50612.60

1021.00

490.08612.60735.12

1225.20

1633.60

245.12306.40367.68612.80

306.40383.00459.60766.00

367.68459.60551.52919.20

1225.60

408.32510.40612.48

1020.80

510.40638.00765.60

1276.00

612.48765.60918.72

1531.20

2041.60

490.24612.80735.36

1225.60

612.80766.00919.20

1532.00

735.36919.20

1103.041838.40

2451.20

571.84714.80857.76

1429.60

714.80893.50

1072.201787.00

857.761072.201286.642144.40

2859.20

Other sizes available. Please inquire.

C-8

Floor PlatesWeights Per Plate -Most Common Sizes

Other sizes available. Please inquire.

Size 12 ga16 ga 1/814 ga 3/16

1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 3/4

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

60 x 9660 x 12060 x 144

72 x 9672 x 12072 x 144

96 x 240

96.00120.00144.00

120.00150.00180.00

168.00210.00252.00

210.00262.50315.00

197.12246.40295.68

246.40308.00369.60

295.68369.60443.52

278.72348.40418.08

348.40435.50522.60

418.08522.60627.12

Floor Plates

16 ga14 ga12 ga 1/8 3/16

1/45/163/81/23/4

Size in Inches

Size in Inches

Wt. Per Sq. Foot

Wt. Per Sq. Foot

3.003.755.256.168.71

11.2613.8116.3721.4731.68

Size

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

60 x 9660 x 12060 x 144

72 x 9672 x 12072 x 144

360.32450.40540.48

450.40563.00675.60

540.48675.60810.72

441.92552.40662.88

552.40690.50828.60

662.88828.60994.32

2209.60

523.84654.80785.76

654.80818.50982.20

785.76982.20

1178.64

2619.20

687.04858.80

1030.56

858.801073.501288.20

1030.561288.201545.84

3435.20

1013.761267.201520.64

1267.201584.001900.00

1520.641900.802280.96

5068.80

SECTION D

Sheets Page

Processing Services D-1

Introduction to Sheet D-2

Hot Rolled Sheets D-5

Hot Rolled, Pickled & Oiled Sheets D-5

Cold Rolled Sheets D-7

Galvanized Sheets D-10

D-1

Sheet Processing Services Available

BlankingCutting To Length From Coils

Laser Cutting Leveling

Pickling & OilingPlasma Cutting

PunchingRolling, Forming, Bending

ShearingSlitting

Water Jet Cutting

D-2

Product Introduction - Sheet

Hot Rolled Sheet

Primarily used for tanks, barrels, farm implements, and other applications where surface quality is not critical. Conforming to ASTM A1011, this specification covers hot-rolled, carbon, struc-tural, high-strength low-alloy and high strength low-alloy with improved formability steel sheet in coils and cut lengths.

Hot-rolled steel sheet is available in the following designations: •CommercialSteel(CSinTypesA,B,CandD) •DrawingSteel(DSinTypesAandB) •StructuralSteel(SSingrades30,33,36Type1and2,40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 70 & 80) •High-StrengthLow-AlloySteel(HSLAS,classes1and2in grades 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 & 70) •High-StrengthLow-AlloySteelwithImprovedFormability (HSLAS-F in grades 50, 60, 70 & 80) •Ultra-HighStrengthSteel(UHSSTypes1and2,ingrades 90 and 100)

Sheet produced to CS and DS specifications will conform to the chemical composition requirements for the appropriate designa-tion and is capable of being bent at room temperature in any direction through 180 degrees flat on itself without cracking on the outside of the bent portion. There are no mandatory mechani-cal property requirements for sheets ordered to a CS or DS designation.

Sheet produced to SS, HSLAS, HSLAS-F and UHSS specifica-tions will conform to the chemical composition requirements for the appropriate designation and will also conform to the manda-tory mechanical property requirements for that designation.

Pickled and Oiled

Sheets ordered to the ASTM A1011 specification may also be furnished with an oiled finish. Pickled and oiled sheets have the same properties and forming characteristics but offer less wear on tooling. These sheets go through an acid pickling bath which removes mill oxide, improving surface appearance, uniformity and finishing quality. Paint and enamel adhere well after clean-ing. Typical applications are auto and truck parts, farm imple-ments, tanks, stamped and roll formed parts.

Cold Rolled Sheet

Conforming to ASTM A1008, cold-rolled sheet’s matte finish gives it a superior surface quality to hot pickled and oiled sheet. This matte finish is ideal for paints, enamels, and lacquers. The additional steps it undergoes in production also give cold-rolled sheet closer thickness tolerances. Typical uses are refrigerators, ranges, washing machines, auto and truck bodies, signs, panels, furniture and stamped parts.

Cold-rolled sheets are available in the following designations: •CommercialSteel(CSinTypesA,B,andC) •DrawingSteel(DSinTypesAandB) •DeepDrawingSteels(DDS) •ExtraDeepDrawingSteel(EDDS) •StructuralSteel(SSingrades25,30,33Type1and2, 40 Types 1 and 2, 50, 60, 70 & 80) •High-StrengthLow-AlloySteel(HSLAS,classes1and2in grades 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 & 70 in Classes 1 and 2) •High-StrengthLow-AlloySteelwithImprovedFormability (HSLAS-F in grades 50, 60, 70 & 80) •SolutionHardenedSteel(SHS)and •BakeHardenableSteel(BHS)

Corrosion Resistant Steel Sheet

Falling within the ASTM A606 designation, this specification cov-ers high-strength, low-alloy hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel sheets that have enhanced atmospheric corrosion resistance and are supplied in two types, Type 2 and Type 4. While maintaining high-strength characteristics, this steel is two to four times more resistant to atmospheric corrosion than low carbon steels. When unpainted, it has a tightly adherent oxide surface which stops further oxidation. A606 has excellent weldability and formability.

Coated Sheet

Hot Dipped Galvanized - These sheets are continuously hot dip coated with a durable protective coating of zinc. Hot Dipped Gal-vanized Sheets can be formed without flaking or peeling. Stamping, cold drawing, double seaming, and brake or roll form-ing will not repair the corrosion protection qualities. Galvanized

D-3

D-4

sheet can be welded or soldered. Thicknesses of 16 ga. and lighter are lockforming quality while thicknesses of 14 ga. and heavier ar commercial quality. All conform to ASTM A-653 (pre-viously A-525.)

Electro-Galvanized - These are cold rolled sheets that are zinc coated by electrolytic deposition and conform to ASTM A-879. The coating has a uniform dull gray matte appearance without the spangles normally present on hot dipped galvanized. The surface can be phosphate treated for immediate paintability. These can also be formed, rolled, or stamped without flaking, peeling, or cracking. Electro-galvanized sheets are particularly suited for cabinets, signs, light fixtures, etc., where an excellent finish is required.

Galvannealed - These sheets are heat treated after coating to produce zinc-iron alloy and eliminated spangle. It can be painted without further surface preparation except for normal cleaning. It may be subject to simple bending and forming without impairing its paintability or corrosion resistance. It is particularly suited for sign boards, metal doors and partitions, truck and trailer bodies, heater and furnace parts. It conforms to ASTM A-653.

Galvalume - This is a corrosion resistant sheet, continuously hot dipped coated with aluminum zinc alloy. For certain applica-tions it offers a substantial increase in corrosion resistance over regular galvanized. It can be readily formed, welded, and sol-dered. End uses include appliance and automotive parts, metal building and agricultural parts. It conforms to ASTM A-792.

Aluminized - This sheet steel is continuously hot dip coated with aluminum-silicon alloy. It has an attractive satin finish and it pro-vides the best qualities of aluminum and steel by resisting cor-rosion and providing strength at a low cost. It can be subjected to moderate forming, spinning, and drawing without peeling and flaking of the coating. Conforming to ASTM A-463, its applica-tions include crop dryers, dry kiln fan walls, dryers, incinerators, mufflers, oven and space heater components.

For more information on sheet steel please refer to the data sec-tion of this catalog.

D-5

SheetHot Rolled andHot Rolled, Pickled & Oiled

Gauge Est. Wt.

per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.

Sizein

Inches

Est. Wt.per Sheet

in Lbs.

Decimalin

Inches7

10

11

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 14448 x 240

60 x 9660 x 12060 x 14460 x 240

72 x 12072 x 14472 x 240

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 14448 x 240

60 x 9660 x 12060 x 14460 x 240

72 x 9672 x 12072 x 14472 x 240

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 14448 x 240

60 x 9660 x 12060 x 14460 x 240

72 x 9672 x 12072 x 14472 x 240

.1793

.1793

.1793

.1793

.1793

.1793

.1793

.1793

.1793

.1793

.1793

.1345

.1345

.1345

.1345

.1345

.1345

.1345

.1345

.1345

.1345

.1345

.1345

.1196

.1196

.1196

.1196

.1196

.1196

.1196

.1196

.1196

.1196

.1196

.1196

7.5007.5007.5007.500

7.5007.5007.5007.500

7.5007.5007.500

5.6255.6255.6255.625

5.6255.6255.6255.625

5.6255.6255.6255.625

5.0005.0005.0005.000

5.0005.0005.0005.000

5.0005.0005.0005.000

240.0300.0360.0600.0

300.0375.0450.0750.0

450.0540.0900.0

180.0225.0270.0450.0

225.0281.3337.5562.5

270.0337.5405.0675.0

160.0200.0240.0400.0

200.0250.0300.0500.0

240.0300.0360.0600.0

Most Common Sizes

D-6

SheetHot Rolled andHot Rolled, Pickled & Oiled

Gauge Est. Wt.

per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.

Sizein

Inches

Est. Wt.per Sheet

in Lbs.

Decimalin

Inches12

14

16

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 14448 x 240

60 x 9660 x 12060 x 14460 x 240

72 x 9672 x 12072 x 14472 x 240

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

60 x 9660 x 12060 x 144

72 x 9672 x 12072 x 144

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

60 x 9660 x 12060 x 144

4.3754.3754.3754.375

4.3754.3754.3754.375

4.3754.3754.3754.375

3.1253.1253.125

3.1253.1253.125

3.1253.1253.125

2.5002.5002.500

2.5002.5002.500

140.0175.0210.0350.0

175.0218.8262.5437.5

210.0262.5315.0525.0

100.0125.0150.0

125.0156.3187.5

150.0187.5225.0

80.0100.0120.0

100.0125.0150.0

.1046

.1046

.1046

.1046

.1046

.1046

.1046

.1046

.1046

.1046

.1046

.1046

.0747

.0747

.0747

.0747

.0747

.0747

.0747

.0747

.0747

.0598

.0598

.0598

.0598

.0598

.0598

Other Sizes Available. Slit and cut-to-length from coil. Please inquire.

Most Common Sizes

D-7

Gauge Est. Wt.

per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.

Sizein

Inches

Est. Wt.per Sheet

in Lbs.

Decimalin

Inches7

10

11

12

14

36 x 9636 x 120

48 x 9648 x 120

36 x 9636 x 120

48 x 9648 x 120

60 x 120

36 x 9636 x 120

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

60 x 120

36 x 9636 x 120

48 x 9648 x 120

60 x 9660 x 12060 x 144

72 x 144

36 x 9636 x 12036 x 144

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

60 x 9660 x 12060 x 144

.1793

.1793

.1793

.1793

.1345

.1345

.1345

.1345

.1345

.1196

.1196

.1196

.1196

.1196

.1196

.1046

.1046

.1046

.1046

.1046

.1046

.1046

.1046

.0747

.0747

.0747

.0747

.0747

.0747

.0747

.0747

.0747

7.5007.500

7.5007.500

5.6255.625

5.6255.625

5.625

5.0005.000

5.0005.0005.000

5.000

4.3754.375

4.3754.375

4.3754.3754.375

4.375

3.1253.1253.125

3.1253.1253.125

3.1253.1253.125

180.0225.0

240.0300.0

135.0168.8

180.0225.0

281.3

120.0150.0

160.0200.0240.0

250.0

105.0131.3

140.0175.0

175.0218.8262.5

315.0

75.093.8

112.5

100.0125.0150.0

125.0156.3187.5

SheetCold Rolled, Oiled

Most Common Sizes

D-8

Gauge Est. Wt.

per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.

Sizein

Inches

Est. Wt.per Sheet

in Lbs.

Decimalin

Inches14

16

18

20

72 x 12072 x 144

36 x 9636 x 12036 x 144

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

60 x 9660 x 12060 x 144

72 x 12072 x 144

36 x 9636 x 12036 x 144

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

60 x 120

36 x 9636 x 12036 x 144

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

60 x 12060 x 144

.0747

.0747

.0598

.0598

.0598

.0598

.0598

.0598

.0598

.0598

.0598

.0598

.0598

.0478

.0478

.0478

.0478

.0478

.0478

.0478

.0359

.0359

.0359

.0359

.0359

.0359

.0359

.0359

3.1253.125

2.5002.5002.500

2.5002.5002.500

2.5002.5002.500

2.5002.500

2.0002.0002.000

2.0002.0002.000

2.000

1.5001.5001.500

1.5001.5001.500

1.5001.500

187.5225.0

60.075.090.0

80.0100.0120.0

100.0125.0150.0

150.0180.0

48.060.072.0

64.080.096.0

100.0

36.045.054.0

48.060.072.0

75.090.0


Most Common Sizes

D-9


Gauge Est. Wt.

per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.

Sizein

Inches

Est. Wt.per Sheet

in Lbs.

Decimalin

Inches22

24

26

36 x 9636 x 120

48 x 9648 x 120

36 x 9636 x 120

48 x 9648 x 120

36 x 12048 x 120

.0299

.0299

.0299

.0299

.0239

.0239

.0239

.0239

.0179

.0179

1.2501.250

1.2501.250

1.0001.000

1.0001.000

.750

.750

30.037.5

40.050.0

24.030.0

32.040.0

22.530.0


Most Common Sizes

D-10

Gauge Est. Wt.

per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.

Sizein

Inches

Est. Wt.per Sheet

in Lbs.

Decimalin

Inches

10

11

12

14

16

36 x 120

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

60 x 120

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

36 x 9636 x 120

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

60 x 12060 x 144

36 x 9636 x 120

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

60 x 12060 x 144

36 x 9636 x 120

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

60 x 12060 x 144

.1382

.1382

.1382

.1382

.1382

.1233

.1233

.1233

.1084

.1084

.1084

.1084

.1084

.1084

.1084

.0785

.0785

.0785

.0785

.0785

.0785

.0785

.0635

.0635

.0635

.0635

.0635

.0635

.0635

5.781

5.7815.7815.781

5.781

5.1565.1565.156

4.5314.531

4.5314.5314.531

4.5314.531

3.2813.281

3.2813.2813.281

3.2813.281

2.6562.656

2.6562.6562.656

2.6562.656

173.43

184.99231.24277.49

289.05

164.99206.24247.49

108.74135.93

144.99181.24217.49

226.55271.86

78.7498.43

104.99131.24157.49

164.05196.86

63.7479.68

84.99106.24127.49

132.80159.36

SheetGalvanized

Most Common Sizes

D-11

Gauge Est. Wt.

per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.

Sizein

Inches

Est. Wt.per Sheet

in Lbs.

Decimalin

Inches

18

20

22

24

36 x 9636 x 12036 x 144

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

60 x 120

36 x 9636 x 12036 x 144

48 x 9648 x 120

60 x 9660 x 120

36 x 9636 x 120

48 x 9648 x 120

60 x 9660 x 120

36 x 9636 x 120

48 x 9648 x 120

60 x 9660 x 120

.0516

.0516

.0516

.0516

.0516

.0516

.0516

.0396

.0396

.0396

.0396

.0396

.0396

.0396

.0336

.0336

.0336

.0336

.0336

.0336

.0276

.0276

.0276

.0276

.0276

.0276

2.1562.1562.156

2.1562.1562.156

2.156

1.6561.6561.656

1.6561.656

1.6561.656

1.4061.406

1.4061.406

1.4061.406

1.1561.156

1.1561.156

1.1561.156

51.7464.6877.62

68.9986.24

103.49

107.80

39.7449.6859.62

52.9966.24

66.2482.80

33.7442.18

44.9956.24

56.2470.30

27.7434.68

36.9946.24

46.2457.80

SheetGalvanized

Most Common Sizes

D-12

SheetGalvanized


Gauge Est. Wt.

per Sq. Ft. in Lbs.

Sizein

Inches

Est. Wt.per Sheet

in Lbs.

Decimalin

Inches26

28

30

36 x 9636 x 120

48 x 9648 x 120

60 x 96

36 x 9636 x 120

48 x 9648 x 120

36 x 9636 x 120

.0217

.0217

.0217

.0217

.0217

.0187

.0187

.0187

.0187

.0157

.0157

.906

.906

.906

.906

.906

.781

.781

.781

.781

.656

.656

21.7427.18

28.9936.24

36.24

18.7423.43

24.9931.24

15.7419.68

Most Common Sizes

SECTION E

Tubing & Pipe Page

Processing Services E-1

Introduction to Tube & Pipe E-2

DOM & Round Tubing E-4

Square Tubing E-27

Rectangular Tubing E-29

Pipe E-32

Relift Tube (Also known as Auger E-39 Tube, Blow Pipe & Spouting)

E-1

Tubing & Pipe Processing Services Available

BendingBeveling

Centerless GrindingCoating

GalvanizingHard Chrome Plating

HoningMiter Cutting

Production CuttingSaw Cutting to Length

Threading

E-2

Product Introduction - Tubing & Pipe

Round Tubing

Electrical Resistance Welded - ERW is the lowest cost of all mechanical tubing. It is produced from low carbon steel. Tubing with wall thicknesses heavier than 18 ga. is produced from hot rolled steel, while tubing with wall thicknesses of 18ga. and light-er is produced from cold rolled steel. Furnished in “as-welded” condition, the OD weld flash is removed on all sizes. For round tubing with 1” OD and larger, the ID weld flash is controlled to .010” to .015” (depending on OD). Sizes under 1” OD are pro-duced flash-in. Manufactured to OD and wall dimensions, ERW meets ASTM A-513 Type 1 (HR) or Type 2 (CR) specifications.

DOM (Drawn-Over-Mandrel) - DOM is a cold drawn electric resistance welded tube with all weld flash removed. Each tube is tested for soundness of weld. Typically, DOM is preferred over seamless tubing for its excellent OD and ID concentricity. Normalizing and cold drawing over a mandrel makes DOM a uniform and precision product. Furnished in “as drawn” condi-tion and produced to OD and ID dimensions, DOM meets ASTM A-513 type 5 specifications.

Cold Drawn Seamless - This carbon steel tube is produced to OD and ID dimensions and is furnished in “as-drawn” condition. Cold drawn seamless tubing offers good surface quality and increased mechanical properties over hot finished seamless tub-ing. Cold drawn seamless meets ASTM A-519 specifications.

Hot Finished Seamless - This carbon steel tube is lower in cost than its cold drawn counterpart. It is most applicable where precise dimensions and surface quality are of secondary impor-tance. It also meets ASTM A-519 specifications.

Square and Rectangular Tubing

Structural ASTM A-500 Gr. B - This is a cold formed, electric resistance welded tubing with a high strength-to-weight ratio. It is relatively low in cost and is easily welded, formed, punched and drilled. The hollow shape offers good appearance and ease of maintenance. The OD weld flash is removed on all sizes and it has a flash-in ID.

E-3

Structural High Strength, Low Alloy (HSLA-70) - This tube of-fers the same benefits of ASTM A-500 Gr. B, but with a 52% higher strength-to-weight ratio. This tube offers a minimum yield strength of 70,000 psi.

Mechanical ASTM A-513 - This electric resistance welded tubing is made from low carbon steel. Those with wall thicknesses that are heavier than 18ga. are produced from hot rolled steel, and those with wall thicknesses of 18ga. and lighter are produced from cold rolled steel. All OD weld flash is removed on all sizes, while the ID is flash-in. This tube offers good surface finish and forming qualities.

Pipe

Continuous Buttweld - A general purpose pipe for use in steam, gas and air lines. It is not intended for close coiling, bending or high temperature service. No minimum mechanical properties are specified for this product, but is typically stocked with a stan-dard black lacquer coating. Continuous buttweld meets ASTM A-53 Type F Specifications (which has replaced the obsolete ASTM A-120 specifications.)

Electric Resistance Welded (ERW) - This pipe is suitable for welding, coiling, bending, flaring, and flanging. It is pressure tested and is typically stocked with a standard black lacquer coating with plain beveled edge ends. ERW meets ASTM A-53 Gr. B Type E.

Pipe Size ERW - A structural purpose pipe sized tube that is produced to meet ASTM A-500 specifications. Compared to pipe, this product offers higher strength, better straightness as well as a superior finish and usually costs less than pipe. This product is not pressure tested.

E-4

DOM & Round Mechanical TubingCarbon SteelAvailable in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.

Avg.Wall

1/4” O.D. x 22 20 18

5/16” O.D. x 22 20 18 16

3/8” O.D. x 22 20 18 17 16 14 13 12 1/8

7/16” O.D. x 20 18 17 16 14 13 12 1/8

1/2” O.D. x 20 18 17 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16

17/32” O.D. x 14 11

9/16” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.028

.035

.049

.028

.035

.049

.065

.028

.035

.049

.058

.065

.083

.095

.109

.125

.035

.049

.058

.065

.083

.095

.109

.125

.035

.049

.058

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.188

.083

.120

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.0664

.0804

.1052

.0852

.1039

.1382

.1722

.1038

.1271

.1706

.1964

.2152

.2588

.2841

.3097

.3338

.1506

.2036

.2354

.2589

.3147

.3480

.3830

.4179

.1738

.2360

.2738

.3020

.3696

.4109

.4552

.4870

.5006

.5238

.5731

.6264

.3971

.5270

.1974

.2690

.3457

.4255

.4748

.5285

.5677

.5847

.6140

.194

.180

.152

.257

.243

.215

.183

.319

.305

.277

.259

.245

.209

.185

.157

.125

.368

.340

.322

.308

.272

.248

.220

.188

.430

.402

.384

.370

.334

.310

.282

.260

.250

.232

.188

.125

.365

.291

.493

.465

.433

.397

.373

.345

.323

.313

.295

Please inquire on sizes not listed.

E-5


Avg.Wall

5/8” O.D. x 22 20 18 17 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4

11/16” O.D. x 16 14 13 11 1/8

3/4” O.D. x 22 20 18 17 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4

13/16” O.D. x 16 14 11 1/8 1/4

.840” O.D. x 12

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.028

.035

.049

.058

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.188

.219

.250

.065

.083

.095

.120

.125

.028

.035

.049

.058

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.188

.219

.250

.065

.083

.120

.125

.250

.109

.1785 .2205 .3014 .3512 .3888 .4805 .5377 .6007 .6472 .6675 .7027 .7814 .8774 .94961.0010

.4325 .5363 .6017 .7279 .7516

.2159 .2673 .3668 .4287 .4755 .5913 .6646 .7462 .8074 .8344 .8816 .98971.12801.24201.3350

.5193 .6471 .8881 .91781.5020

.8510

.569

.555

.527

.509

.495

.459

.435

.407

.385

.375

.357

.312

.250

.187

.125

.558

.522

.498

.448

.438

.694

.680

.652

.634

.620

.584

.560

.532

.510

.500

.482

.437

.375

.313

.250

.683

.647

.573

.563

.312

.622


E-6

DOM & Round Mechanical Tubing Carbon Steel Available in Lengths 17 Ft. to 24 Ft.

Avg.Wall

27/32” O.D. x 12

7/8” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 5/16

15/16” O.D. x 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 1/4

1” O.D. x 20 18 17 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.109

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.188

.219

.250

.313

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.188

.250

.035

.049

.058

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.188

.219

.250

.281

.313

.344

.375

.8556

.3140 .4323 .5623 .7021 .7914 .8917 .96761.00101.06001.19801.37901.53401.66901.8790

.6060 .7579 .8553 .96511.04801.08501.15101.30301.50601.8370

.3607 .4997 .5835 .6491 .8129 .9182 1.0370 1.1280 1.16801.23901.40601.6300 1.82702.00302.15802.29702.41002.5030

.626

.805

.777

.745

.709

.685

.657

.635

.625

.607

.563

.500

.438

.375

.250

.808

.772

.748

.720

.698

.688

.670

.626

.562

.438

.930

.902

.884

.870

.834

.810

.782

.760

.750

.732

.688

.625

.562

.500

.438

.375

.313

.250


E-7


Avg.Wall

1-1/16” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 1/4

1-1/8” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8

1-3/16” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 11 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32

1-1/4” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.188

.250

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.188

.219

.250

.281

.313

.375

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.120

.125

.156

.188

.219

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.3843 .5306 .6928 .8687 .9821 1.1110 1.2090 1.2520 1.3300 1.5110 1.7570 2.1710

.4074 .5631 .7359 .9237 1.0450 1.1830 1.2880 1.3350 1.4180 1.6140 1.8810 2.1190 2.3360 2.5330 2.7140 3.0040

.4310 .5961 .7796 .9795 1.1090 1.3690 1.4190 1.7190 2.0080 2.2660

.4542 .6285 .8226 1.0340 1.1720 1.3280 1.4480 1.5020

.993 .965 .933 .897 .873 .845 .823 .813 .795 .750 .687 .562

1.0551.027 .995 .959 .935 .907 .885 .875 .857 .813 .750 .688 .625 .563 .500 .375

1.1181.0901.0581.022 .998 .948 .938 .875 .812 .750

1.1801.1521.1201.0841.0601.0321.0101.000


E-8


Avg.Wall

1 1/4” O.D. x 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16

1-5/16” O.D. x 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8

1-3/8” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 11/64 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.134

.156

.188

.219

.250

.281

.313

.344

.375

.438

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.188

.219

.250

.281

.313

.375

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.172

.188

.219

.250

.281

.313

.375

1.59701.82302.13202.41102.67002.90803.13203.32903.50403.7980

.86641.09001.23601.40201.52901.58601.68701.92802.25902.55902.83803.09703.34303.7570

.5009 .6939 .90941.14501.29901.47401.60801.66901.77602.03102.21002.38302.70403.00403.28303.55004.0050

.982 .938 .875 .812 .750 .687 .625 .562 .500 .375

1.1831.1471.1231.0941.0731.0631.0441.000 .937 .875 .813 .751 .687 .562

1.3051.2771.2451.2091.1851.1571.1351.1251.1071.0631.0311.000 .937 .875 .813 .749 .625


E-9


Avg.Wall

1 7/16” O.D. x 11 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4

1-1/2” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 15/64 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16 1/2

1-9/16” O.D. x 13 12 11 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1-5/8” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.120

.125

.156

.188

.219

.250

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.188

.219

.234

.250

.281

.313

.344

.375

.438

.500

.095

.109

.120

.125

.156

.188

.250

.313

.375

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

1.6890 1.7530 2.1360 2.5100 2.8510 3.1720

.5476 .7593 .9962 1.2560 1.4260 1.6190 1.7690 1.8360 1.9550 2.2390 2.6340 2.9960 3.1640 3.3380 3.6580 3.9680 4.2470 4.5060 4.9680 5.3400

1.4890 1.6930 1.8490 1.9200 2.3440 2.7610 3.5060 4.1790 4.7580

.5943 .8248 1.0830 1.3670 1.5520 1.7650 1.9290 2.0030 2.1340

1.1981.1881.1251.0621.000 .938

1.4301.4021.3701.3341.3101.2821.2601.2501.2321.1881.1251.0621.0321.000 .938 .875 .813 .750 .625 .500

1.3721.3451.3231.3131.2511.1871.063 .937 .812

1.5551.5271.4951.4591.4351.4071.3851.3751.357


E-10


Avg.Wall

1-5/8” O.D. x 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2

1-11/16” O.D. x 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/4 1-3/4” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8

1-13/16” O.D. x 1/8 5/32 3/16 1/4

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.156

.188

.219

.250

.281

.313

.375

.438

.500

.125

.156

.188

.250

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.188

.219

.250

.281

.313

.375

.438

.500

.563

.625

.125

.156

.188

.250

2.4470 2.8850 3.2890 3.6710 4.0330 4.3860 5.0060 5.5530 6.0080

2.0870 2.5520 3.0120 3.8380

.6411 .8902 1.1700 1.4780 1.6790 1.9100 2.0890 2.1690 2.3130 2.6560 3.1360 3.5810 4.0050 4.4090 4.8040 5.5070 6.1370 6.6750 7.1370 7.5090

2.2540 2.7610 3.2630 4.1730

1.3131.2501.1871.1251.0631.000 .875 .750 .625

1.4381.3751.3121.188

1.6801.6521.6201.5841.5601.5321.5101.5001.4821.4381.3751.3121.2501.1881.1251.000 .875 .750 .624 .500

1.5631.5011.4371.313



Avg.Wall

1-7/8” O.D. x 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2

1-15/16” O.D. x 1/8 5/32 7/32 1/4 3/8 2” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 7 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.188

.219

.250

.281

.313

.375

.438

.500

.125

.156

.219

.250

.375

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.180

.188

.219

.250

.281

.313

.344

.375

.438

.500

.563

.625

.750

.9556 1.2570 1.5890 1.8060 2.0560 2.2490 2.3360 2.4920 2.8640 3.3870 3.8730 4.3390 4.7840 5.2220 6.0080 6.7220 7.3430

2.4200 2.9680 4.0210 4.5070 6.2580

.7345 1.0210 1.3430 1.6990 1.9330 2.2010 2.4090 2.5030 2.6700 3.0720 3.4990 3.6380 4.1660 4.6730 5.1590 5.6390 6.0840 6.5080 7.3070 8.0100 8.6400 9.178010.0100

1.7771.7451.7091.6851.6571.6351.6251.6071.5631.5001.4371.3751.3131.2501.1251.000 .875

1.6881.6261.5001.4371.188

1.9301.9021.8701.8341.8101.7821.7601.7501.7321.6881.6401.6251.5631.5001.4371.3751.3131.2501.1251.000 .875 .750 .500

E-11Please inquire on sizes not listed.

E-12


Avg.Wall

2-1/16” O.D. x 5/32 3/16 1/4 5/16

2-1/8” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 11 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 2-3/16” O.D. x 1/8 1/4 2-1/4” O.D. x 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16 1/2

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.156

.188

.250

.313

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.120

.125

.156

.188

.219

.250

.281

.313

.375

.438

.500

.563

.625

.125

.250

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.188

.219

.250

.281

.313

.344

.375

.438

.500

3.1770 3.7650 4.8410 5.8500

.7812 1.0860 1.4300 1.8100 2.0600 2.5700 2.6700 3.2810 3.8890 4.4580 5.0060 5.5340 6.0570 7.0090 7.8920 8.6780 9.392010.0100

2.7540 5.1740

.8280 1.1520 1.5170 1.9210 2.1860 2.4920 2.7300 2.8370 3.0280 3.4890 4.1400 4.7500 5.3400 5.9090 6.4750 7.0020 7.5090 8.4760 9.3450

1.7501.6871.5631.437

2.0552.0271.9951.9591.9351.8851.8751.8131.7501.6871.6251.5631.5001.3751.2501.1251.000 .875

1.9381.688

2.1802.1522.1202.0842.0602.0322.0102.0001.9821.9381.8751.8131.7501.6881.6251.5631.5001.3751.250


E-13


Avg.Wall

2-1/4” O.D. x 9/16 5/8 3/4

2-5/16” O.D. x 3/16 1/4

2-3/8” O.D. x 18 16 14 13 12 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 2-7/16” O.D. x 1/4 2-1/2” O.D. x 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 7 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16 1/2

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

.563

.625

.750

.188

.250

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.125

.156

.188

.219

.250

.281

.313

.375

.438

.500

.563

.625

.750

.250

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.125

.134

.156

.180

.188

.219

.250

.281

.313

.344

.375

.438

.500

10.14010.85012.020

4.267 5.508

1.217 1.604 2.032 2.313 2.638 3.004 3.697 4.391 5.043 5.674 6.284 6.893 8.010 9.06110.01010.90011.68013.020

5.842

1.283 1.690 2.143 2.440 2.783 3.050 3.171 3.386 3.905 4.460 4.642 5.335 6.008 6.659 7.311 7.921 8.511 9.64610.680

1.1251.000 .750

1.9371.813

2.2772.2452.2092.1852.1572.1252.0632.0001.9381.8751.8131.7501.6251.5001.3751.2501.125 .875

1.938

2.4022.3702.3342.3102.2822.2602.2502.2322.1882.1402.1252.0632.0001.9381.8751.8131.7501.6251.500


ODIn.

E-14


Avg.Wall

2-1/2” O.D. x 9/16 5/8 3/4

2-9/16” O.D. x 3/16 1/4

2-5/8” O.D. x 16 13 12 11 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 2-3/4” O.D. x 18 16 14 13 11 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 7/8 1

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.563 .625 .750

.188 .250

.065 .095 .109 .120 .125 .156 .188 .219 .250 .281 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625

.049 .065 .083 .095 .120 .125 .156 .188 .219 .250 .281 .313 .344 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .688 .750 .8751.000

11.65012.52014.020

4.769 6.176

1.777 2.567 2.929 3.210 3.338 4.114 4.893 5.627 6.341 7.035 7.729 9.01110.23011.35012.40013.350

1.413 1.864 2.364 2.694 3.371 3.504 4.322 5.144 5.920 6.675 7.410 8.147 8.839 9.51210.82012.02013.15014.18015.15016.02017.52018.690

1.3751.2501.000

2.1872.063

2.4952.4352.4072.3852.3752.3132.2502.1872.1252.0632.0001.8751.7501.6251.5001.375

2.6522.6202.5842.5602.5102.5002.4372.3752.3122.2502.1882.1252.0622.0001.8751.7501.6251.5001.3751.2501.000 .750


E-15


Avg.Wall

2-7/8” O.D. x 16 13 11 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4

3” O.D. x 18 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 7 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 7/8 1

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.065 .095 .120 .125 .156 .188 .219 .250 .281 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750

.049 .065 .083 .095 .109 .120 .125 .134 .156 .180 .188 .219 .250 .281 .313 .344 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .688 .750 .8751.000

1.951 2.821 3.531 3.671 4.530 5.395 6.212 7.009 7.785 8.56410.01011.40012.68013.90015.02017.020

1.544 2.037 2.586 2.947 3.365 3.691 3.838 4.102 4.738 5.421 5.646 6.505 7.343 8.160 8.982 9.75810.51011.98013.35014.65015.85016.99018.02019.86021.360

2.7452.6852.6352.6252.5632.5002.4372.3752.3132.2502.1252.0001.8751.7501.6251.375

2.9022.8702.8342.8102.7822.7602.7502.7322.6882.6402.6252.5632.5002.4382.3752.3122.2502.1252.0001.8751.7501.6251.5001.2501.000


E-16


Avg.Wall

3-1/16” O.D. x 1/4 5/16

3-1/8” O.D. x 16 13 11 1/8 3/16 7/32 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8

3-1/4” O.D. x 16 13 11 1/8 10 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 5/16 11/32 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1

3-3/8” O.D. x 11 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.250 .313

.065 .095 .120 .125 .188 .219 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750 .875

.065 .095 .120 .125 .134 .156 .188 .219 .250 .313 .344 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750 .8751.000

.120 .188 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750

7.511 9.193

2.124 3.074 3.851 4.005 5.897 6.797 7.676 9.40011.01012.57014.02015.40016.69019.02021.030

2.211 3.201 4.011 4.172 4.459 5.155 6.148 7.089 8.010 9.81810.68011.51013.15014.69016.16017.52020.03022.19024.030

4.172 6.399 8.34410.24012.02013.74015.35016.91018.36021.030

2.5632.438

2.9952.9352.8852.8752.7502.6872.6252.5002.3752.2502.1252.0001.8751.6251.375

3.1203.0603.0103.0002.9822.9382.8752.8122.7502.6252.5622.5002.3752.2502.1252.0001.7501.5001.250

3.1353.0002.8752.7502.6252.5002.3752.2502.1251.875


E-17


Avg.Wall

3-1/2” O.D. x 18 16 14 13 11 1/8 10 5/32 7 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1

3-5/8” O.D. x 16 11 3/16 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4

3-3/4” O.D. x 16 13 11 1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.049 .065 .083 .095 .120 .125 .134 .156 .180 .188 .219 .250 .281 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750 .8751.000

.065 .120 .188 .250 .281 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750

.065 .095 .120 .125 .188 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500

1.806 2.385 3.029 3.455 4.332 4.506 4.817 5.571 6.382 6.650 7.674 8.678 9.66010.65012.52014.32016.02017.66019.19022.03024.53026.700

2.471 4.492 6.901 9.01110.04011.07013.02014.91016.69018.41020.03023.030

2.558 3.708 4.652 4.839 7.152 9.34511.49013.52015.49017.360

3.4023.3703.3343.3103.2603.2503.2323.1883.1403.1253.0633.0002.9382.8752.7502.6252.5002.3752.2502.0001.7501.500

3.4953.3853.2503.1253.0633.0002.8752.7502.6252.5002.3752.125

3.6203.5603.5103.5003.3753.2503.1253.0002.8752.750


E-18


Avg.Wall

3-3/4” O.D. x 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1

3-7/8” O.D. x 1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4

4” O.D. x 16 14 13 12 11 1/8 10 5/32 7 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4

4-1/8” O.D. x 16 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.563 .625 .750 .8751.000

.125 .188 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .625 .750

.065 .083 .095 .109 .120 .125 .134 .156 .180 .188 .219 .250 .281 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750 .8751.0001.250

.065 .188 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .625 .750

19.16020.86024.03026.87029.370

5.006 7.403 9.67911.91014.02016.08018.02021.69025.030

2.732 3.472 3.962 4.530 4.973 5.173 5.533 6.404 7.344 7.654 8.84310.01011.16012.33014.52016.66018.69020.67022.53026.03029.20032.04036.710

2.818 7.90510.35012.74015.02017.25019.36023.36027.030

2.6252.5002.2502.0001.750

3.6253.5003.3753.2503.1253.0002.8752.6252.375

3.8703.8343.8103.7823.7603.7503.7323.6883.6403.6253.5623.5003.4383.3753.2503.1253.0002.8752.7502.5002.2502.0001.500

3.9953.7503.6253.5003.3753.2503.1252.8752.625


E-19


Avg.Wall

4-1/4” O.D. x 16 13 11 1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 11/16 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4

4-3/8” O.D. x 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4

4-1/2” O.D. x 16 14 13 1/8 10 5/32 7 3/16 7/32 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.065 .095 .120 .125 .188 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .625 .688 .750 .8751.0001.2501.250

.188 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .625 .750

.065 .083 .095 .125 .134 .156 .180 .188 .219 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750 .8751.000

2.905 4.216 5.293 5.507 8.15610.68013.16015.52017.83020.03024.20026.17028.04031.54034.71037.55040.050

8.40711.01013.58016.02018.42020.69025.03029.040

3.079 3.915 4.469 5.841 6.248 7.237 8.305 8.65810.01011.35014.00016.52019.00021.36023.67025.87030.04033.88037.380

4.1204.0604.0104.0003.8753.7503.6253.5003.3753.2503.0002.8752.7502.5002.2502.0001.750

4.0003.8753.7493.6253.5003.3753.1252.875

4.3704.3344.3104.2504.2324.1884.1404.1254.0624.0003.8753.7503.6253.5003.3753.2503.0002.7502.500


E-20


Avg.Wall

4-1/2” O.D. x 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-1/2

4-5/8” O.D. x 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8

4-3/4” O.D. x 11 1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1

5” O.D. x 16 14 11 1/8 7 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-1/2

5-1/8” O.D. x 5/16 1/2 5/8

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

1.1251.2501.500

.188 .250 .313 .375 .500 .625

.120 .125 .188 .250 .313 .375 .500 .563 .625 .750 .8751.000

.065 .083 .120 .125 .180 .188 .250 .313 .375 .438 .500 .563 .625 .750 .8751.0001.1251.2501.500

.313 .500 .625

40.55043.39048.060

8.90911.68014.41017.02022.03026.700

5.934 6.174 9.16012.02014.83017.52022.70025.18027.53032.04036.21040.050

3.426 4.359 6.254 6.508 9.266 9.66212.68015.67018.52021.34024.03026.68029.20034.04038.55042.72046.56050.06056.070

16.09024.70030.040

2.2502.0001.500

4.2504.1254.0003.8753.6253.375

4.5104.5004.3754.2504.1254.0003.7503.6253.5003.2503.0002.750

4.8704.8344.7604.7504.6404.6254.5004.3754.2504.1254.0003.8753.7503.5003.2503.0002.7502.5002.000

4.5004.1253.875


E-21


Avg.Wall

5-1/4” O.D. x 11 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 5-3/8” O.D. x 3/16 5-1/2” O.D. x 16 11 10 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 1-1/2

5-5/8” O.D. x 5/16 5/8

5-3/4” O.D. x 11 3/16 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1

6” O.D. x 16 14 11 1/8 7

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.120 .188 .250 .313 .375 .500 .625 .750 .8751.0001.250

.188

.065 .120 .134 .188 .250 .313 .375 .500 .625 .750 .8751.0001.2501.500

.313 .625

.120 .188 .250 .375 .500 .625 .750 .8751.000

.065 .083 .120 .125 .180

6.57510.16013.35016.50019.52025.37030.87036.05040.88045.39053.400

10.410

3.773 6.895 7.67910.67014.02017.34020.53026.70032.54038.05043.22048.06056.74064.080

17.76033.380

7.21511.17014.69021.53028.04034.21040.05045.56050.730

4.120 5.245 7.536 7.84311.190

5.0104.8754.7504.6254.5004.2504.0003.7503.5003.2502.750

5.000

5.3705.2605.2325.1255.0004.8754.7504.5004.2504.0003.7503.5003.0002.500

5.0004.375

5.5105.3755.2505.0004.7504.5004.2504.0003.750

5.8705.8345.7605.7505.640


E-22


Avg.Wall

6” O.D. x 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 1-1/2

6-1/4” O.D. x 11 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1

6-1/2” O.D. x 3/16 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2

6-5/8” O.D. x 1/8 3/16 1/4

6-3/4” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 7/8 1

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.188 .250 .313 .375 .500 .625 .750 .8751.0001.2501.500

.120 .125 .188 .250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.000

.188 .250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.0001.2501.500

.125 .188 .250

.250 .375 .500 .750 .8751.000

11.67015.35019.01022.53029.37035.88042.05047.89053.40063.41072.090

7.856 8.17712.17016.02023.53030.71037.55044.06056.070

12.67016.69024.53032.04039.22046.06058.74070.09080.100

8.67812.92017.020

17.36025.53033.38048.06054.90061.410

5.6255.5005.3755.2505.0004.7504.5004.2504.0003.5003.000

6.0106.0005.8755.7505.5005.2505.0004.7504.250

6.1256.0005.7505.5005.2505.0004.5004.0003.500

6.3756.2496.125

6.2506.0005.7505.2505.0004.750


E-23


Avg.Wall

7” O.D. x 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2

7-1/4” O.D. x 3/16 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1

7-1/2” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2

7-5/8” O.D. x 1/4

7-3/4” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1

8” O.D. x 1/8

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.125 .188 .250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.0001.2501.5002.000

.188 .250 .375 .500 .625 .750 .8751.000

.250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.0001.2501.500

.250

.250 .375 .500 .7501.000

.125

9.178 13.680 18.020 26.530 34.710 42.550 50.060 64.080 76.760 88.110106.800

14.180 18.690 27.530 36.050 44.220 52.070 59.570 66.750

19.360 28.540 37.380 45.890 54.070 69.420 83.440 96.120

19.690

20.030 29.540 38.720 56.070 72.090

10.770

6.7506.6256.5006.2506.0005.7505.5005.0004.5004.0003.000

6.8756.7506.5006.2506.0005.7505.5005.250

7.0006.7506.5006.2506.0005.5005.0004.500

7.125

7.2507.0006.7506.2505.750

7.750


E-24


Avg.Wall

8” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2

8-1/4” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1

8-1/2” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2

8-5/8” O.D. x 1/8

8-3/4” O.D. x 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/2

9” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2

9-1/4” O.D. x 1/2 3/4 1

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.

.250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.0001.2501.500

.250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.000

.250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.0001.2501.500

.125

.375 .500 .7501.0001.500

.250 .375 .500 .7501.0001.2501.5002.000

.500 .7501.000

20.69 30.54 40.05 49.23 58.07 74.76 90.11104.10

21.36 31.54 41.39 50.90 60.08 77.43

22.03 32.54 42.72 52.57 62.08 80.10 96.79112.10

11.35

33.54 44.06 64.08 82.77116.10

23.36 34.54 45.39 66.08 85.44103.50120.20149.50

46.73 68.09 88.11

7.5007.2507.0006.7506.5006.0005.5005.000

7.7507.5007.2507.0006.7506.250

8.0007.7507.5007.2507.0006.5006.0005.500

8.375

8.0007.7507.2506.7505.750

8.5008.2508.0007.5007.0006.5006.0005.000

8.2507.7507.250


E-25


9-1/2” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 1 1-1/8 1-1/2 2

9-3/4” O.D. x 1/2 1

10” O.D. x 12 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4

10-1/4” O.D. x 3/4

10-1/2” O.D. x 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/2 2

10-3/4” O.D. x 1/2 3/4

11” O.D. x 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/2 2

.250 .375 .500 .625 .7501.0001.1251.5002.000

.5001.000

.109 .125 .188 .250 .375 .500 .7501.0001.2501.5001.7502.0002.250

.750

.250 .375 .500 .7501.0001.5002.000

.500 .750

.500 .7501.0001.5002.000

24.70 36.55 48.06 59.24 70.09 90.78100.60128.20160.20

49.40 93.45

11.51 13.18 19.70 26.03 38.55 50.73 74.09 96.12116.80136.20154.20170.90186.20

76.10

27.37 40.55 53.40 78.10101.50144.20181.60

54.74 80.10

56.07 82.10106.80152.20192.20

9.000 8.750 8.500 8.250 8.000 7.500 7.250 6.500 5.500

8.750 7.750

9.782 9.750 9.624 9.500 9.250 9.000 8.500 8.000 7.500 7.000 6.500 6.000 5.500

8.750

10.000 9.750 9.500 9.000 8.500 7.500 6.500

9.750 9.250

10.000 9.500 9.000 8.000 7.000

Avg.Wall

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.


E-26


11-1/2” O.D. x 3/4 1 1-1/2 2

12” O.D. x 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2

12-1/2” O.D. x 1 2-1/2

13” O.D. x 1 1-1/2 2

14” O.D. x 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 2

15” O.D. x 1 1-1/2 2

16” O.D. x 1 1-1/2 2

.7501.0001.5002.000

.375 .500 .7501.0001.2501.5002.000

1.0002.500

1.0001.5002.000

1.0001.2501.5002.000

1.0001.5002.000

1.0001.5002.000

86.11112.10160.20202.90

46.56 61.41 90.11117.50143.50168.20213.60

122.80267.00

128.20184.20235.00

138.80170.20200.30256.30

149.50216.30277.70

160.20232.30299.00

10.000 9.500 8.500 7.500

11.25011.00010.50010.000 9.500 9.000 8.000

10.500 7.500

11.00010.000 9.000

12.00011.50011.00010.000

13.00012.00011.000

14.00013.00012.000

Avg.Wall

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

IDIn.

ODIn.


E-27

Square TubingMechanical & StructuralCarbon Steel

Available in Lengths 20 Ft., 24 Ft., 40 Ft. & 48 Ft.

3/8” x 3/8” 20 16

1/2” x 1/2” 20 18 16

5/8” x 5/8” 18 16

3/4” x 3/4” 20 18 16 14 11

7/8” x 7/8” 18 16 14

1” x 1” 20 18 16 14 12 11

1-1/8” x 1-1/8” 18 16

1-1/4” x 1-1/4” 18 16 14 12 11 3/16

1-1/2” x 1-1/2”181614113/161/4

1-3/4” x 1-3/4”161411

2” x 2”181614111/83/161/4

2-1/4” x 2-1/4”161/4

2-1/2” x 2-1/2”1614113/161/4

3” x 3” 14113/161/45/163/8

3-1/2” x 3-1/2”3/161/45/16

.035

.065

.035

.049

.065

.049

.065

.035

.049

.065

.083

.120

.049

.065

.083

.035

.049

.065

.083

.109

.120

.049

.065

.049

.065

.083

.109

.120

.188

.049

.065

.083

.120

.188

.250

.065

.083

.120

.049

.065

.083

.120

.125

.188

.250

.065

.250

.065

.083

.120

.188

.250

.083

.120

.188

.250

.313

.375

.188

.250

.313

.1618 .2740

.2213 .3005 .3845

.3838 .4950

.3400 .4671 .6055.752901.0280

.5504 .7160 .8940

.4593 .6337 .82651.03501.32101.4360

.7170 .9370

.80031.04801.31701.69101.84402.4000

.9669 1.2690 1.6000 2.2520 3.2300 4.2500

1.4900 1.8820 2.6600

1.3000 1.7110 2.1640 3.0680 3.0500 4.3200 5.4100

1.9320 6.2600

2.1530 2.7280 3.8840 5.5900 7.1100

3.2930 4.7000 6.8700 8.810010.580012.1700

8.150010.510012.7000

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

WallGauge

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

WallGauge


E-28

Square TubingMechanical & StructuralCarbon Steel


4” x 4” 11 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

4-1/2” x 4-1/2” 3/16 1/4

5” x 5” 11 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

6” x 6” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

7” x 7” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

8” x 8” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8

10” x 10” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 5/8

12” x 12” 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

14” x 14” 3/8 1/2

16” x 16” 3/8 1/2

.120

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.188

.250

.120

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.625

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.625

.250

.313

.375

.500

.375

.500

.375

.500

6.460 9.42012.21014.83017.27021.630

10.70013.910

8.16011.97015.62019.08022.37028.430

14.53019.02023.34027.48035.240

17.08022.42027.59032.58042.050

19.63025.82031.84037.96048.85059.320

24.73 32.63 40.35 47.90 62.46 76.33

39.43 48.86 58.10 76.07

68.31 89.68

78.52103.30

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

WallGauge

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

WallGauge


E-29

Rectangular TubingMechanical & StructuralCarbon Steel


1” x 1/2” 18 16

1” x 3/4” 16

1-1/2” x 1/2” 16

1-1/2” x 3/4” 16 14 11

1-1/2” x 1” 16 14 11

2” x 3/4” 16

2” x 1” 18 16 14 11

2” x 1-1/4” 14

2” x 1-1/2” 14 11

2-1/2” x 1” 14

2-1/2” x 1-1/4” 14

2-1/2” x 1-1/2” 14 11 3/16 1/4

.049

.065

.065

.065

.065

.083

.120

.065

.083

.120

.065

.049

.065

.083

.120

.083

.083

.120

.083

.083

.083

.120

.188

.250

.120

.065

.083

.120

.083

.120

.188

.250

.065

.083

.120

.188

.250

.313

.188

.250

.083

.120

.188

.250

.313

.375

.120

.188

.250

.313

.375

.120

.188

.250

.313

.4671

.6060

.7160

.8265

.93701.1761.640

1.0481.3171.844

1.158

.96691.2691.6002.252

1.741

1.8822.660

1.882

2.023

2.1643.0684.3205.410

3.476

1.711 2.164 3.068

2.446 3.476 4.960 6.260

2.153 2.728 3.884 5.590 7.110 8.450

6.870 8.810

3.293 4.700 6.870 8.81010.58012.170

5.516 8.15010.51012.70014.720

5.516 8.15010.51012.700

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

WallGauge

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

WallGauge

2-1/2” x 2”11

3” x 1”161411

3” x 1-1/2”14113/161/4

3” x 2”1614113/161/45/16

3-1/2” x 2-1/2”3/161/4

4” x 2”1411 3/161/45/163/8

4” x 3”11 3/161/45/163/8

5” x 2”11 3/161/45/16


E-30



5” x 2-1/2” 3/16

5” x 3” 11 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

5” x 4” 3/16 1/4

6” x 2” 11 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8

6” x 3” 11 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

6” x 4” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

7” x 3” 3/16 1/4 3/8

7” x 4” 3/16 1/4 3/8

7” x 5” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

8” x 2” 3/16 1/4 3/8

8” x 3” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

.188

.120

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.188

.250

.120

.188

.250

.313

.375

.120

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.188

.250

.375

.188

.250

.375

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.188

.250

.375

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

8.780

6.460 9.42012.21014.83017.27021.630

10.70013.910

6.460 9.42012.21014.83017.270

7.31010.70013.91016.96019.82025.030

11.97015.62019.08022.37028.430

11.97015.62022.370

13.25017.32024.930

14.53019.02023.34027.48035.240

11.97015.62022.370

13.25017.32021.21024.93031.840

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

WallGauge

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

WallGauge


E-31



WallGauge

WallGauge

8” x 4” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

8” x 6” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

9” x 5” 3/8

9” x 7” 1/4 5/16

10” x 2” 3/16 1/4

10” x 3” 1/4

10” x 4” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

10” x 5” 1/4

10” x 6” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

10” x 8” 1/4 3/8 1/2

12” x 2” 3/16 1/4

12” x 3” 1/4

12” x 4” 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

12” x 6” 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2

12” x 8” 1/4 3/8 1/2

14” x 4” 1/4

14” x 6” 3/8

14” x 10” 3/8

16” x 8” 3/8 1/2

WallDecimal

WallDecimal

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.375

.250

.313

.188

.250

.250

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.250

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.250

.375

.500

.188

.250

.250

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.250

.313

.375

.500

.250

.375

.500

.250

.375

.375

.375

.500

14.5319.0223.3427.4835.24

17.0822.4227.5932.5842.05

32.58

25.8231.84

14.5319.02

20.72

17.0822.4227.5932.5842.05

24.12

19.6325.8231.8437.6948.85

29.2342.7955.66

17.0822.42

24.12

19.6325.8231.8437.6948.85

29.2336.1042.7955.66

32.6347.9062.46

29.23

47.90

58.10

58.1076.07


E-32

PipeAvailable in 21 ft. lengths or single and double random lengthsNominal Pipe Size

Inches

WallThickness

Inches

1/8

1/4

3/8

1/2

3/4

1

1-1/4

1-1/2

OutsideDiameterInches

InsideDiameterInchesSchedule

WeightPerFoot

0.405

0.540

0.675

0.840

1.050

1.315

1.660

1.900

.049

.068

.095

.065

.088

.119

.065

.091

.126

.065

.083

.109

.147

.188

.294

.065

.083

.113

.154

.219

.308

.065

.109

.133

.179

.250

.358

.065

.109

.140

.191

.250

.382

.065

.109

.145

.200

.281

.400

.307 .269 .215

.410 .364 .302

.545 .493 .423

.710 .674 .622 .546 .464 .252

.920 .884 .824 .742 .612 .434

1.1851.0971.049 .957 .815 .599

1.5301.4421.3801.2781.160 .896

1.7701.6821.6101.5001.3381.100

10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.

10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.

10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.

5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy. 160 XX Hvy. 5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.160 XX Hvy.

5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.160 XX Hvy.

5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.160 XX Hvy.

5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.160 XX Hvy.

.1863 .2447 .3145

.3297 .4248 .5351

.4235 .5676 .7388

.5383 .6710 .85101.08801.30901.7140

.6838 .85721.13101.47401.94402.4410

.86781.40401.67902.17202.84403.6590

1.10701.80602.27302.99703.76505.2140

1.27402.08502.71803.63104.85906.4080


E-33

PipeAvailable in 21 ft. lengths or single and double random lengths

Nominal Pipe Size

Inches

WallThickness

Inches

2

2-1/2

3

3-1/2

4

5



WeightPerFoot

2.375

2.875

3.500

4.000

4.500

5.563

.065

.109

.154

.218

.343

.436

.083

.120

.203

.276

.375

.552

.083

.120

.216

.300

.438

.600

.083

.120

.226

.318

.636

.083

.120

.237

.337

.438

.531

.674

.109

.134

.258

.375

.500

.625

.750

2.2452.1572.0671.9391.6891.503

2.7092.6352.4692.3232.1251.771

3.3343.2603.0682.9002.6242.300

3.8343.7603.5483.3642.728

4.3344.2604.0263.8263.6243.4383.152

5.3455.2955.0474.8134.5634.3134.063

5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.160 XX Hvy.

5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.160 XX Hvy.

5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.160 XX Hvy. 5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy. XX Hvy. 5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.120160 XX Hvy.

5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy. 120 160 XX Hvy.

1.604 2.638 3.653 5.022 7.444 9.029

2.475 3.531 5.793 7.66110.01013.690

3.029 4.332 7.57610.25014.32018.580

3.472 4.973 9.10912.50022.850

3.915 5.61310.79014.98019.00022.51027.540

6.349 7.77014.62020.78027.04032.96038.550


E-34

Pipe

Available in 21 ft. lengths or single and double random lengths

Nominal Pipe Size

Inches

WallThickness

Inches

6

8

10

12


InsideDiameterInches

ScheduleWeight

PerFoot

6.625

8.625

10.750

12.750

.109

.134

.280

.432

.562

.718

.864

.109

.148

.250

.277

.322

.406

.500

.593

.718

.812

.875

.906

.134

.165

.250

.307

.365

.500

.593

.718

.8431.0001.125

.165

.180

.250

.330

.375

.406

.500

.562

.687

.8431.0001.1251.312

6.407 6.357 6.056 5.761 5.491 5.189 4.897

8.407 8.329 8.125 8.071 7.981 7.813 7.625 7.439 7.189 7.001 6.878 6.813

10.48210.42010.25010.13610.020 9.750 9.564 9.314 9.064 8.750 8.500

12.42012.39012.25012.09012.00011.93811.75011.62611.37611.06410.75010.50010.126

5 10 40 - Std. 80 - Ex. Hvy.120160 XX Hvy.

5 10 20 30 40 - Std. 60 80 - Ex. Hvy.100120140160 XX Hvy.

5 10 20 30 40 - Std. 60 - Ex. Hvy. 80 100120140160

5 10 20 30 Std. 40 Ex. Hvy. 60 80100120140160

7.585 9.289 18.97 28.57 36.39 45.30 53.16

9.914 13.40 22.36 24.70 28.55 35.64 43.39 50.87 60.93 67.76 72.42 74.69

15.19 18.70 28.04 34.24 40.48 54.74 64.33 76.93 89.20104.10115.70

22.18 24.20 33.38 43.77 49.56 53.53 65.42 73.16 88.51107.20125.50139.70160.30


E-35

PipeAvailable in 21 ft. lengths or single and double random lengths

Nominal Pipe Size

Inches

WallThickness

Inches

14

16

18



WeightPerFoot

14.000

16.000

18.000

.250 .312 .375 .438 .500 .593 .750 .9371.0931.2501.406

.250 .312 .375 .500 .656 .8431.0311.2181.4381.593

.250 .312 .375 .438 .500 .562 .750 .9371.1561.3751.5621.781

13.50013.37613.25013.12413.00012.81412.50012.12611.81411.50011.188

15.50015.37615.25015.00014.68814.31413.93813.56413.12412.814

17.50017.37617.25017.12417.00016.87616.50016.12615.68815.25014.87614.438

10 20 30 - Std. 40 Ex. Hvy. 60 80100120140160

10 20 30 - Std. 40 - Ex. Hvy. 60 80100120140160

10 20 Std. 30 Ex. Hvy. 40 60 80100120140160

36.71 45.68 54.57 63.37 72.09 84.91106.10130.70150.70170.20189.10

42.05 52.36 62.58 82.77107.50136.50164.80192.30223.50245.10

47.39 59.03 70.59 82.06 93.45104.80138.20170.80208.00244.10274.20308.50


E-36

Pipe


Nominal Pipe Size

Inches

WallThickness

Inches

20

22

24

26

28



WeightPerFoot

20.000

22.000

24.000

26.000

28.000

.250 .375 .500 .593 .8121.0311.2811.5001.7501.968

.250 .375 .500 .8751.1251.3751.6251.8752.125

.250 .375 .500 .562 .687 .9681.2181.5311.8122.0622.343

.312

.375

.500

.312

.375

.500

.625

19.50019.25019.00018.81418.37617.93817.43817.00016.50016.064

21.50021.25021.00020.25019.75019.25018.75018.25017.750

23.50023.25023.00022.87622.62622.06421.56420.93820.37619.87619.314

25.37625.25025.000

27.37627.25027.00026.750

10 20 - Std. 30 - Ex. Hvy. 40 60 80100120140160

10 20 - Std. 30 - Ex. Hvy. 60 80100120140160

10 20 - Std. Ex. Hvy. 30 40 60 80100120140160

10Std. 20 - Ex. Hvy.

10Std.20 - Ex. Hvy. 30

52.73 78.60104.10122.90166.40208.90256.10296.40341.10379.00

58.07 86.61114.81197.41250.81302.88353.60403.00451.10

63.41 94.62125.50140.80171.20238.10296.40367.40429.40483.10541.90

85.60102.63136.17

92.26110.64146.85182.73


E-37

Pipe


Nominal Pipe Size

Inches

WallThickness

Inches

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

48

54



WeightPerFoot

30.000

32.000

34.000

36.000

38.000

40.000

42.000

48.000

54.000

.312

.375

.500

.625

.312

.375

.500

.625

.688

.344

.375

.500

.625

.688

.312

.375

.500

.625

.750

.375

.500

.375

.500

.375

.500

.375

.500

.375

.500

29.37629.25029.00028.750

31.37631.25031.00030.75030.625

33.31233.25033.00032.75032.624

35.37635.25035.00034.75034.500

37.25037.000

39.25039.000

41.25041.000

47.25047.000

53.25053.000

10Std.20 - Ex. Hvy.30

10Std.20 - Ex. Hvy3040

10Std.20 - Ex. Hvy3040

10Std.20 - Ex. Hvy3040

Std.Ex. Hvy.

Std.Ex. Hvy.

Std.Ex. Hvy.

Std. Ex. Hvy.

Std. Ex. Hvy.

98.93118.65157.53196.08

105.59126.66168.21209.43230.08

123.65134.67178.89222.78244.77

118.92142.68189.57236.13282.35

150.69200.25

158.70210.93

166.71221.61

190.74253.65

215.06 285.69


E-38

Pipe


Nominal Pipe Size

Inches

WallThickness

Inches

60

66

72

78

84

90

96

102

108

120

144



WeightPerFoot

60.000

66.000

72.000

78.000

84.000

90.000

96.000

102.000

108.000

120.000

144.000

.375

.500

.375

.500

.375

.500

.375

.500

.375

.500

.375

.500

.375

.500

.375

.500

.375

.500

.375

.500

.375

.500

59.25059.000

65.25065.000

71.25071.000

77.25077.000

83.25083.000

89.25089.000

95.25095.000

101.25101.00

107.25107.00

119.25119.00

143.25143.00

Std. Ex. Hvy.

Std. Ex. Hvy.

Std. Ex. Hvy.

Std. Ex. Hvy.

Std. Ex. Hvy.

Std. Ex. Hvy.

Std. Ex. Hvy.

Std. Ex. Hvy.

Std. Ex. Hvy.

Std. Ex. Hvy.

Std. Ex. Hvy.

238.80317.73

262.83349.77

287.24381.81

311.30413.85

335.36445.89

359.42477.93

383.48509.97

407.54542.01

431.60574.05

479.72638.13

575.96766.29


E-39

Relift Tube - Hot Rolled Finish(Also known as Auger Tube, Blow Pipe and Spouting)

Available in 20 ft. lengths

O.D.IN.

I.D.IN.

4

5

6

8

10

12

14

16

Avg. Wall

Weight Per Foot

WallDecimal

11

11

14121110

1412103/6

12103/61/4

12103/161/4

12103/16

12103/16

.120

.120

.083

.109

.120

.134

.083

.109

.134

.188

.109

.134

.188

.250

.109

.134

.188

.250

.109

.134

.188

.109

.134

.188

3.760

4.760

5.8345.7825.7605.732

7.8347.7827.7327.624

9.782

9.6249.500

11.78211.73211.62411.500

13.78213.73213.624

15.78215.73215.624

4.973

6.254

5.245 6.858 7.536 8.395

7.018 9.18611.25715.685

11.51414.11919.70126.033

13.84316.98223.71731.373

16.17119.84427.732

18.49922.70631.748

Please inquire on sizes not listed. Other finishes are available, please inquire.

SECTION F

PVF Page

Pipe, Valves & Fittings F-2

Additional Data on Pipe - Aluminum H-27 Carbon Steel E-32 Stainless Steel G-21

F-2

Pipe, Valves and Fittings

PIPE VALVES FITTINGSSTEEL PIPE BRONZE FITTINGS•Black/GalvT&C•Welded/Seamless•Coated/Wrapped•AllSizes&Schedules•Cut,Thread,Groove

•Gate,Globe,Checks,Ball•Fortune,Stockham•Apollo,Sharpe,Crane

•150lb.MalleableIronFittings•300lb.MalleableIronFittings•150/300lmp.MalleableIron Fittings

STAINLESS STEEL CAST IRON FLANGED STEEL BUTT WELD FITTINGS & FLANGES

•304/316,P22•ExoticAlloys,Alloy20•Pipe,Tube,Shapes•SanitaryTube

•Stockham,Crane,Davis•ButterflyValves•ULPlugValves•Gate,Check,Ball

•Domestic&Import•AllSizes&Schedules•DoubleExtraHeavy

ALUMINUM STAINLESS STEEL STAINLESS STEEL•Pipe&Tube•AllSizes&Schedules

•Threaded,Flanged•Gates,Globes,Checks•Ball,Butterfly•NeedleValves

•Threaded,SocketWeld•ButtweldFittings&Flanges•CompressionFittings•Sanitary•HighPurity

INSTRUMENTATION STEEL VALVES FORGED STEEL•Stainless&Copper Tube•20’Lengths&Coils•PressureGauges•Thermometers

•Threaded,SW,Flanged,etc.•Gates,Globes&Check Valves•Ball&ButterflyValves•SealValves•SteamValves

•2000,3000,6000lb.•Threaded,SocketWeld•Flanges150-2,500lb.

STRAINERS GROOVED FITTING & VALVES•BronzeThreaded&Sweat•CastIronThreaded& Flanged•Steel&StainlessSteel

•Misc.Fittings&Valves

FASTENERS•Nut,Bolt&GasketKits•B7Studs

MISCELLANEOUS PIPE SUPPORTS HYDRONICS•Fiberglass•ArmatexInsulation•ReliefValves•NeedleValves

•Strut&StrutFittings•Hangers&AllThread•SanitaryHangers•Etc.

•WattsRegulator,Wilkins

SECTION G

Stainless Steel Page

Processing Services G-1

Introduction to Stainless Steel G-2

Structural Shapes -Angles G-7 -Channels G-8 -Beams G-8

Bars -Rounds G-9 -Hexagons G-10 -Squares G-10 -Half Rounds G-11 -Flats G-11

Floor Plates G-12

Plates G-13

Standard Surface Finishes G-14

Sheets G-16

Expanded Metal G-18

Tubing -Square G-19 -Rectangular G-19 -Round G-20

Pipe G-21

G-1

Stainless Processing Services Available

Coil Slitting & Cutting To LengthLaser Cutting

LevelingMiter Cutting

Plasma CuttingPunching

Rolling, Forming & BendingSaw Cutting To LengthShearing & Blanking

Water Jet Cutting

G-2

Product Introduction - Stainless Steel

The outstanding qualities of corrosion resistance, workability, strength, and attractiveness have made stainless steel one of the world’s most versatile materials.

Stainless steels are typically low carbon iron alloys to which approximately 12% chromium has been added. It is chromium which enables the stainless to resist corrosion. Increasing the chromium content of the alloy renders it more resistant to cor-rosive media. By adding elements, such as nickel, manganese, copper, molybdenum, silicon, titanium, columbium, aluminum, or sulfur to the composition, alloys can be produced to suit nearly any application.

All stainless steels, regardless of composition, can be conve-niently categorized into four basic categories:

1. Austenitic Stainless Steels - offer the best corrosion resis-tance of all classes due to the addition of nickel in their composi-tion. Austenitic types have high ductility, low yield strength, and moderate tensile strength. Non-magnetic and non-heat treat-able, their structure is very tough and ductile as annealed. They can only develop high strength by cold working. Typical alloys include:

Type 302

Type 303

This is a chromium-nickel stainless steel that is commonly known as 18-8. It has excellent cor-rosion resistance and is not affected by ordinary atmospheres when properly maintained by periodic cleaning. It has excellent ductility and is well suited for drawing and forming. It is readily welded by most modern methods and produces tough, ductile welds without the need for post-welding annealing or stress relieving, and is easily hot forged or cold upset.

This is the free machining version of Type 302/304 typically used in automatic machin-ing operations. The addition of sulfur assists in breaking up the chips which reduces the drag on the cutting tool, permitting greater machin-ing speed and producing smoother machined finishes. Type 303 has a machinability rating of 60% in comparison to Bessemer screw stock rated at 100%. This compares with about 45% for Type 302/304.

G-3

Type 304

Type 304L

Type 309

Type 310

Type 316

Generally more suitable than type 302 where slightly better corrosion resistance is required after welding. Type 304 is the most widely used of the stainless and heat resisting steels. It offers good corrosion resistance to many chemical cor-rodants as well as industrial atmospheres. Type 304 has very good formability and can be readily welded by all common methods.

Type 304L is generally more suitable than Type 304 where service conditions dictate a type requiring good corrosion resistance and anneal-ing is not feasible after welding thicker sections. Type 304L has .03% maximum carbon content, making it the low carbon variation of Type 304. The extra low carbon avoids harmful carbide precipitation due to welding. Type 304L has the same corrosion resistance as Type 304 but with slightly lower mechanical proper-ties.

Used in high temperature applications because of its high scale resistance. Type 309 has greater corrosion resistance than Type 304 and is excel-lent in resisting sulfite liquors, nitric acid, nitric-sulfuric mixtures, acetic, citric and lactic acids.

Higher alloy content gives Type 310 improved characteristics over Type 309. It retains good strength and toughness at high temperatures and may be used to an advantage where a combination of strength, toughness, and oxida-tion resistance is essential. Where reducing or carburizing conditions are encountered at high temperatures, Type 310 is preferred.

Has better resistance to pitting corrosion than the other chromium-nickel stainless steels where brines, sulphur-bearing or halogen salts, such as chlorides are present. A valuable property of Type 316 is high creep strength at elevated temperatures. Other mechanical properties and fabricating characteristics of Type 316 are similar to Type 302 or Type 304. This alloy is used for pumps, valves, textile and chemical equipment, pulp and paper and marine applications.

G-4

Type 316L

Type 321

Type 347

2. Martensitic Stainless Steels - are heat treatable to a wide range of hardness and strength levels. They attain optimum corrosion resistance in the hardened and tempered (not an-nealed) condition. Magnetic in all conditions, martensitic steels are not as corrosion resistant as other classes but are used for their strength as well as their resistance to wear and abrasion. Typical alloys include:

Type 410

Preferred over Type 316 where post-weld an-nealing is not practical and service conditions require a structure free from harmful carbides. Type 316L is the extra low carbon variation of Type 316 which avoids carbide precipitation due to welding.

Has titanium added to reduce or eliminate chro-mium carbide precipitation resulting from weld-ing or exposure to high temperatures. It is quite effective as a stabilizer although the over-all cor-rosion resistance is somewhat reduced. Type 321 is used in almost exclusively for aircraft parts such as exhaust systems, where operat-ing temperatures of 800 to 1600 degrees F. are encountered and where corrosive conditions are not too severe.

Similar on analysis to Type 321 except that Columbium is used as an addition instead of titanium. Columbium is an effective stabilizer and does not appreciable reduce the overall corrosion resistance as does titanium. Type 347 is desirable in equipment operating in the tem-perature range of 800 to 1600 degrees F. under severely corrosive conditions or where corrosion fatigue is likely to occur. Note that Columbium bearing stainless has a tendency to be sensitive in the hot short range which may cause check-ing or cracking at the weld area.

Most commonly called “12 chrome stainless”, Type 410 is the most widely used of the harden-able stainless steels and is the general purpose alloy of the martensitic class. Heat treated Type 410 has mechanical properties comparable to al-loy steels such as SAE 4130. Not recommended for applications where severe corrosive condi-tions are encountered but typical uses include

G-5

Type 416

Type 422

Type 440C

3. Ferritic Stainless Steels - are non-hardenable and normal-ly used for their increased corrosion resistance rather than tensile strength. Non heat treatable, though work hardenable to a moderate extent, this class is magnetic in all conditions. Fer-ritic stainless steels are capable of being buffed to a high luster resembling chromium plate. Typical alloys include:

Type 409

Type 430

valve and pump parts, fasteners, cutlery, turbine parts, and busing.

This is the free machining version of Type 410. It has useful corrosion resistance to natural food acids, basic salts, water and most atmospheres.

Designed for service temperatures up to 1200 degrees F. while maintaining a good combina-tion of high strength and toughness. It is typically used in steam turbines as blading and bolting material.

A high carbon (.95-1.20%) chromium steel that can attain the highest hardness (Rockwell C60) of any standard stainless grade. In the hardened and stress relieved condition, Type 440C has maximum hardness together with high strength and corrosion resistance. It also has high abra-sion resistance.

The lowest cost stainless and is extensively used in automotive exhaust systems. Because of its combination of economy and good re-sistance to oxidation and corrosion, Type 409 created the opportunity to economically improve the performance of a wide range of parts where surface appearance is not important.

The most popular of the non-hardenable chro-mium stainless steels. Type 430 combines good corrosion and heat resistance with good me-chanical properties. With oxidation resistance to 1500 degrees F., Type 430 is widely used in both industrial and consumer products.

G-6

4. Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels - have excellent strength and good corrosion resistance. They develop increased strength during heat treatment through precipitation hardening(or age-hardening) reactions rather than phase transformations such as occur in martensitic stainless steels. Typical alloys include:

Type 17-4

Type 17-4

Type 15-5

More extensive information on stainless steel can be found in the data section of this catalog.

Double-AgedH1150

This grade combines high strength and hard-ness with corrosion resistance similar to T-304 in most media. Simple low temperature heat treatment at 900 to 1150 degrees F. eliminates scaling and prevents excessive warpage.

This grade is solution annealed then double age hardened to procedure #1 in NACE MR 01-75. It is used in many pressure control applications in the energy industry.

This vacuum arc remelted grade offers high strength and hardness. Type 15-5 has excellent corrosion resistance plus excellent transverse toughness.

G-7

Stainless Steel AnglesTypes: 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 330

20 Ft. Random LengthsHot Rolled, Annealed & Pickled

Size in Inches

Size in Inches

3/4 x 1 x

1-1/4 x

1-1/2 x

2 x

2-1/2 x

3 x 3 x

3 x

4 x

4 x

5 x

5 x

6 x

6 x

6 x

3/4 x

1 x

1-1/4 x

1-1/2 x

2 x

2-1/2 x

1-1/2 x

2 x

3 x

3 x

4 x

3 x

5 x

3 x

4 x

6 x

1/8

1/83/161/4

1/83/161/4

1/83/161/4

1/83/161/43/8

3/161/43/8

1/4

3/161/4

3/161/45/163/8

1/43/8

1/43/81/2

1/43/8

3/8

1/43/8

1/43/8

3/8

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

.59

.801.161.49

1.011.481.92

1.231.802.34

1.652.443.194.70

3.074.105.90

3.51

3.074.10

3.71 4.90 6.10 7.20

5.80 8.50

6.60 9.8012.80

6.60 9.85

12.30

7.4511.02

9.2112.30

14.90


G-8

Stainless Steel Welded ChannelsTypes: 304, 304L, 316, 316L

20 Ft. Random Lengths

Stainless Steel Welded BeamsTypes: 304, 304L, 316, 316L


Size

Size

Size

2 x

2 x

3 x

3 x

4 x

3 x

4 x

6 x

5 x

6 x

6 x

8 x

1 x

1 x

1-1/2 x

1-1/2 x

2 x

2-3/8 x

2-3/4 x

4 x

2-1/2 x

3 x

3 x

4 x

3/16

1/4

3/16

1/4

1/4

1/4

1/4

1/4

1/4

1/4

3/8

3/8

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

1.920

2.570

3.630

4.900

6.500

7.250

9.150

13.600

8.330

10.000

14.500

19.700

Please inquire sizes not listed.

G-9

Stainless Steel RoundsTypes: 303, 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321, 410, 416, 17-412 Ft. Random Lengths

CD=Cold Drawn CG=Centerless Ground HR= Hot Rolled and Rough Turned

Diameterin

Inches

Diameterin

Inches3/321/85/323/161/4

5/163/8

7/16

1/2

9/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

1 1-1/161-1/81-3/161-1/41-5/161-3/81-7/161-1/21-9/161-5/81-11/161-3/41-7/81-15/16

22-1/82-1/42-3/8

2-7/162-1/22-5/82-3/4

33-1/43-1/23-3/4

44-1/44-3/84-1/24-5/84-3/44-7/8

55-1/45-1/25-5/85-3/4

66-1/46-1/26-3/4

77-1/47-1/27-3/4

88-1/2

9

10

12

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

CDCDCDCDCDCGCDCDCGCDCGCDCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCG

CGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCGCG

CGCGCG CG

CGCGCGCG

CGCGCGCG

CGHRHRHRHRHRHR

HRHRHRHRHR

HRHRHRHR

HRHRHRHR

HRHR

HR

HR

HR

.0235 .0417 .0652 .0939 .1669 .1669 .2608 .3755 .3755 .5111 .5111 .6676 .6676 .8449 1.0430 1.2620 1.5020 1.7630 2.0450 2.3470

2.6700 3.0150 3.3800 3.7660 4.1720 4.6000 5.0490 5.5180 6.0080 6.5200 7.0510 7.6040 8.1780 9.388010.0200

10.680012.060013.520015.0600

15.87 16.69 18.40 20.20

24.03 28.21 32.71 37.55

42.73 48.23 51.11 54.08 57.12 60.25 63.46

66.76 73.60 80.77 84.49 88.29

96.13104.30112.80121.70

130.90140.40150.20160.40

170.90192.90

216.30

267.00

384.50

G-10

Stainless Steel HexagonsTypes: 303, 304, 316, 416, 17-4Annealed & Cold Drawn


Stainless Steel SquaresTypes: 303, 304, 316, Cold Drawn


Size

Size

Size

Size

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

.046 .104 .184 .288 .348 .414 .564 .736 .9321.1501.3921.6561.9402.2542.588

.0531 .1195 .2125 .4781 .6510 .85001.07601.32801.91302.6030

2.945 3.324 3.727 4.152 4.601 5.073 5.570 6.090 6.625 7.190 7.780 9.020 9.67310.400

11.78014.91018.40026.500

3.400 4.303 5.313 6.428 7.65010.410

13.60021.25025.710

41.650

54.400

1/83/161/45/1611/323/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

1/83/161/43/87/161/29/165/83/47/8

11-1/161-1/81-3/161-1/41-5/161-3/81-7/161-1/21-9/161-5/81-3/41-13/161-7/8

22-1/42-1/23

11-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/21-3/4

22-1/22-3/4

3-1/2

4

G-11

Stainless Steel Half RoundsTypes: 304 Annealed & Cold Drawn


Stainless Steel FlatsTypes: 304 & 316 Hot Rolled, Annealed & Pickled


Size

Size Size

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

.334

.522

.751

.106 .159 .213 .266 .319 .425 .531 .638 .744 .8501.0631.2751.700

.319 .478 .638 .797 .9561.1161.2751.5941.9132.550

.425 .638 .8501.0631.275

1.488 1.700 2.125 2.550 2.967 3.400 4.250 5.100

.638 .956 1.275 1.594 1.913 2.230 2.550 3.188 3.825 5.100 6.380 7.650

1.700 2.125 2.550 3.400 4.250 5.100 6.80010.200

1/25/83/4

1/8 x

3/16 x

1/4 x

1/4 x

3/8 x

1/2 x

1/43/81/25/83/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/234

1/23/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/234

1/23/411-1/41-1/2

1-3/422-1/233-1/2456

1/23/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/23456

11-1/41-1/222-1/2346

G-12

Stainless Steel FlatsTypes: 304 & 316 Hot Rolled, Annealed & Pickled


Size Size WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

5.100 6.800 8.50010.20013.60017.00020.400

8.50010.63012.75017.000

10.20012.75015.30020.400

17.00020.40027.200

2.125 3.188 4.250 5.313 6.375 8.50010.63012.750

2.550 3.830 5.100 6.375 7.650 8.92510.20012.75015.300

5/8 x

3/4 x

1 x

1-1/4 x

1-1/2 x

2 x

11-1/222-1/23456

11-1/222-1/233-1/2456

1-1/222-1/23456

22-1/234

22-1/234

2-1/234

Stainless Steel Diamond Floor PlatesType: 304Hot Rolled, Annealed & Pickled

G-13

Stainless Steel PlatesTypes: 304, 304L, 316 and 316L Hot Rolled, Annealed & Pickled

Thickness & Width in Inches

Thickness & Width in Inches

WeightPer Sq. Ft.

WeightPer Sq. Ft.

42.6742.6742.67

47.83

53.0053.00

63.3463.34

73.6773.67

84.01

94.78

105.10

126.30

136.60

147.00

157.30

167.60

8.5798.5798.5798.579

11.1611.1611.1611.16

13.7513.7513.75

16.5016.5016.5016.50

21.6621.6621.6621.66

26.8326.83

32.1232.1232.12

37.29

48607296

48607296

486096

48607296

48607296

7296

487296

96

3/16 x

1/4 x

5/16 x

3/8 x

1/2 x

5/8 x

3/4 x

7/8 x

1 x

1-1/8 x

1-1/4 x

1-1/2 x

1-3/4 x

2 x

2-1/4 x

2-1/2 x

3 x

3-1/4 x

3-1/2 x

3-3/4 x

4 x

487296

96

7296

7296

7296

96

96

96

96

96

96

96

96

G-14

STANDARD FINISHES OF STAINLESS STEEL FLAT-ROLLED PRODUCTS

Surface finishes on stainless steel sheets, strip, tubing and plates are generally selected for appearance, although degree and extent of form-ing and welding should be taken into consideration. Where forming is severe, or much welding is done, it is often more economical to use a cold rolled finish and then polish.

Unpolished Finishes

No. 1 Finish. Hot rolled, annealed and descaled. Generally used in industrial applications, such as for heat or corrosion resistance, where smoothness of finish is not of particular importance.

No. 2D Finish. A dull cold rolled finish produced by cold rolling, an-nealing, and descaling. The dull finish may result from the descaling or pickling operation or may be developed by a final light cold roll pass on dull rolls. The dull finish is favorable for the retention of lubricants on the surface in deep drawing operations. This finish is generally used in forming deep drawn articles which maybe polished after fabrication.

No. 2B Finish. A bright cold rolled finish commonly produced in the same manner as No. 2D, except that the annealed and descaled sheet receives a final light cold rolled pass on polished rolls. This is a general purpose cold rolled finish. It is commonly used for all but exceptionally difficult deep drawing applications. This finish is more readily polished than No. 1 or No. 2D Finish.

Polished Finishes

Sheets can be produced with one or two sides polished. When polished on one side only, the other side may be rough ground in order to obtain the necessary flatness.

No. 3 Finish is a polished finish obtained with abrasives approximately 100 mesh, and which may or may not be additionally polished during fabrication.

No. 4 Finish is a general purpose polished finish widely used for restaurant equipment, kitchen equipment, store fronts, dairy equipment, etc. Following initial grinding with coarser abrasives, sheets are gener-ally finished last with abrasives approximately 120 to 150 mesh.

No. 6 Finish is a dull satin finish having lower reflectivity than No. 4 Finish. It is produced by Tampico brushing No. 4 Finish sheets in a medium of abrasive and oil. It is used for architectural applications and ornamentation where a high luster is undesirable; it is also used effec-tively to contrast with brighter finishes.

G-15

No. 7 Finish has a high degree of reflectivity. It is produced by buffing a finely ground surface, but the grit lines are not removed. It is chiefly used for architectural and ornamental purposes.

No. 8 Finish is the most reflective finish that is commonly produced. It is obtained by polishing with successively finer abrasives and buffing extensively with very fine buffing rouges. The surface is essentially free of grit lines from preliminary grinding operations. This finish is most widely used for press plates, as well as for small mirrors and reflectors.

G-16

Stainless Steel SheetsTypes: 304, 304L, 316 and 316L Available Mill Finish or PolishedCold Rolled, Annealed & Pickled

SizeGauge Thickness WeightPer Sq. Ft.

WeightPer Sheet

7.8717.8717.8717.871

5.6705.6705.6705.6705.6705.6705.6705.6705.6705.670

5.0405.0405.0405.0405.0405.0405.0405.0405.040

4.4274.4274.4274.4274.4274.4274.4274.4274.4274.427

3.1543.1543.1543.1543.1543.1543.1543.154

251.87314.84377.81393.55

136.08170.10204.12181.44226.80272.16226.80283.50340.20408.24

120.96151.20161.28201.60241.92201.60252.00302.40362.88

106.25132.81159.37141.66177.08212.50177.08221.35265.62318.74

75.70 94.62113.54100.93126.16151.39126.16157.70

.1874

.1874

.1874

.1874

.1350

.1350

.1350

.1350

.1350

.1350

.1350

.1350

.1350

.1350

.1200

.1200

.1200

.1200

.1200

.1200

.1200

.1200

.1200

.1054

.1054

.1054

.1054

.1054

.1054

.1054

.1054

.1054

.1054

.0751

.0751

.0751

.0751

.0751

.0751

.0751

.0751

48 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 120

36 x 9636 x 12036 x 14448 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 9660 x 12060 x 14472 x 144

36 x 9636 x 12048 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 9660 x 12060 x 14472 x 144

36 x 9636 x 12036 x 14448 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 9660 x 12060 x 14472 x 144

36 x 9636 x 12036 x 14448 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 9660 x 120

7

10

11

12

14

Most Common Sizes Available

G-17

Stainless Steel SheetsTypes: 304, 304L, 316 and 316L Available Mill Finish or PolishedCold Rolled, Annealed & Pickled

SizeGauge Thickness WeightPer Sq. Ft.

WeightPer Sheet

3.1543.154

2.4992.4992.4992.4992.4992.4992.4992.4992.4992.499

2.0162.0162.0162.0162.0162.0162.0162.016

1.4911.4911.4911.4911.4911.4911.4911.491

1.2311.2311.2311.2311.231

.987 .987 .987 .987

189.24227.09

59.98 74.97 89.96 79.97 99.96119.95 99.96124.95149.94179.93

48.38 60.48 72.58 64.51 80.64 96.77100.80120.96

35.78 44.73 53.68 47.71 59.64 71.57 74.55 89.46

29.54 36.93 39.39 49.24 59.09

23.69 29.61 31.58 39.48

.0751

.0751

.0595

.0595

.0595

.0595

.0595

.0595

.0595

.0595

.0595

.0595

.0480

.0480

.0480

.0480

.0480

.0480

.0480

.0480

.0355

.0355

.0355

.0355

.0355

.0355

.0355

.0355

.0293

.0293

.0293

.0293

.0293

.0235

.0235

.0235

.0235

60 x 14472 x 144

36 x 9636 x 12036 x 14448 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 9660 x 12060 x 14472 x 144

36 x 9636 x 12036 x 14448 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 12060 x 144

36 x 9636 x 12036 x 14448 x 9648 x 12048 x 14460 x 12060 x 144

36 x 9636 x 12048 x 9648 x 12048 x 144

36 x 9636 x 12048 x 9648 x 120

14

16

18

20

22

24

Most Common Sizes Available

G-18

Stainless Steel SheetsTypes: 304, 304L, 316 and 316L Available Mill Finish or PolishedCold Rolled, Annealed & Pickled Most Common Sizes Available

Stainless Expanded MetalTypes: 304Standard & Flattened Long way of diamond runs parallel to length of sheet.

Sizein Inches

Sizein

Inches

Gauge

StyleDesignation

Thickness in Inches

WeightPer Sq. Ft.(Estimated)

WeightPer

Sq. Ft.

WeightPer Sheet(Estimated)

Sizein

Inches

StyleDesignation

WeightPer

Sq. Ft.

.7476

.7476

.7476

.7476

.6342

17.9422.4323.9229.90

19.03

.0178

.0178

.0178

.0178

.0151

1.47 .86 .701.80 .80

131618 913

1618 91316

.54 .461.20 .60 .40

36 x 9636 x 12048 x 9648 x 120

36 x 120

48 x 9648 x 9648 x 9648 x 9648 x 96

48 x 9648 x 9648 x 9648 x 9648 x 96

26

28

1/2 -1/2 -1/2 -3/4 -3/4 -

3/4 -3/4 -1-1/2 -1-1/2 -1-1/2 -

G-19

Stainless Square & Rectangular TubingType: 304 Available Mill Finish, 180, 240, 320 & 400 Grit Polished17-24 Foot Random Lengths

WallO.D.Weight

perFoot

WallO.D.Weight

perFoot

.650 .810 .9501.130

.634 .8301.0301.3201.450

1.0801.3701.7601.930

1.2701.6102.0802.2603.630

1.6902.1402.8003.0604.4606.010

.99

1.37

1.271.612.26

1.692.14

1.69

5.68

3.88 5.68

4.97 6.90 9.35

9.27

11.9016.35

2.72 3.88 5.68 7.67

3.29 4.53 4.97 6.90 9.35

6.26 9.2712.68

16.35

18.77

.062

.083

.109

.120

.049

.062

.083

.109

.120

.062

.083

.109

.120

.062

.083

.109

.120

.180

.062

.083

.109

.120

.180

.250

.062

.083

.062

.083

.120

.062

.083

.062

.180

.120

.180

.120

.180

.250

.180

.180

.250

.083

.120

.180

.250

.083

.109

.120

.180

.250

.120

.180

.250

.250

.250

.750 x .750

1.000 x 1.000

1.250 x 1.250

1.500 x 1.500

2.000 x 2.000

SQUARE

.750 x 1.500

1.000 x 1.500

1.000 x 2.000

1.000 x 3.000

1.500 x 2.500

1.500 x 3.500

2.000 x 3.000

2.000 x 4.000

2.000 X 6.000

4.000 X 6.000

2.500 x 2.500

3.000 x 3.000

4.000 x 4.000

5.000 x 5.000

6.000 x 6.000

RECTANGULAR


G-20

Stainless Round TubingType: 304 Available Mill Finish, 180, 240, 320 & 400 Grit Polished17-24 Foot Random Lengths

Wall I.D.O.D.Weight

perFoot

Wall I.D.O.D.Weight

perFoot

.118

.194

.180

.152

.120

.243

.215

.183

.319

.305

.277

.245

.430

.402

.370

.555

.527

.495

.435

.407

.680

.652

.620

.584

.560

.510

.805

.777

.745

.635

.930

.902

.870

.834

.810

.760

.995

1.1521.1201.0841.010

1.3051.135

1.4021.3701.3341.260

1.6201.584

1.7451.635

1.9021.8701.8341.7601.6251.500

1.9951.959

2.1202.0842.0101.8741.750

2.3702.3342.2602.1252.000

.057

.066 .080 .105 .128

.104 .138 .172

.104 .127 .171 .215

.174 .236 .302

.221 .301 .389 .538 .601

.267 .367 .476 .591 .665 .807

.314 .432 .562 .968

.361 .498 .649 .813 .9181.128

.736

.629 .8231.0341.448

.5011.608

.759 .9961.2561.769

1.1701.478

1.2572.250

1.0211.3431.6992.4093.6384.673

1.4301.810

1.5171.9212.7304.1405.340

1.6902.1433.0504.6866.064

.035

.028

.035

.049

.065

.035

.049

.065

.028

.035

.049

.065

.035

.049

.065

.035

.049

.065

.095

.109

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.120

.035

.049

.065

.120

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.120

.065

.049

.065

.083

.120

.035

.120

.049

.065

.083

.120

.065

.083

.065

.120

.049

.065

.083

.120

.188

.250

.065

.083

.065

.083

.120

.188

.250

.065

.083

.120

.188

.250

.188

.250

.313

.375

.500

.625

.750

.875

1.000

1.125

1.250

1.375

1.500

1.750

1.875

2.000

2.125

2.250

2.500

G-21

Stainless Round TubingType: 304 Available Mill Finish, 180, 240, 320 & 400 Grit Polished17-24 Foot Random Lengths

Stainless PipeType: 304, 304L. 316 and 316LCold Finished, Annealed & Pickled17-24 Foot Random Lengths

WallIn

Inches

I.D.in

Inches.

O.D.in

Inches

WeightperFoot

O.D.In

Inches

I.D.in

Inches

WeightperFoot

NominalPipe

Wall Thickness

Wallin

Inches

I.D.in

Inches

O.D.in

Inches

Weightper

Foot

2.8702.8342.7602.6242.500

3.1203.010

3.3703.260

3.8703.8343.760

1.010

4.3704.3344.260

4.510

4.8704.8344.760

5.8705.8345.760

7.760

2.0372.5863.6915.6467.343

2.2104.011

2.3854.332

2.7323.4724.973

5.293

3.070 3.915 5.613

5.930

3.426 4.359 6.254

4.120 5.245 7.536

10.099

.065

.083

.120

.188

.250

.065

.120

.065

.120

.065

.083

.120

.120

.540 .690 .8801.1201.2741.6203.060

1.4202.1002.6604.3704.9735.6707.840

1/23/411-1/41-1/223

11-1/2233-1/245

.8401.0501.3151.6601.9002.3753.500

1.3151.9002.3753.5004.0004.5005.563

.710 .9201.1851.5301.7702.2453.334

1.0971.6822.1573.2603.7604.2605.295

.065

.065

.065

.065

.065

.065

.083

.109

.109

.109

.120

.120

.120

.134

.065

.083

.120

.120

.065

.083

.120

.065

.083

.120

.120

3.000

3.250

3.500

4.000

4.250

4.500

4.750

5.000

6.000

8.000

SCHEDULE 5

SCHEDULE 10

G-22

Stainless PipeType: 304, 304L. 316 and 316LCold Finished, Annealed & Pickled17-24 Foot Random Lengths

O.D.In

Inches

I.D.in

Inches

Weightper Foot

NominalPipe

Wall Thickness

9.38013.40018.65024.160

.245 .425 .568 .851 1.131 1.679 2.273 2.718 3.653 5.793 7.576 9.10910.89014.75019.15028.82040.86050.030

.320 .540 .750 1.100 1.490 2.190 3.030 3.670 5.070 7.66010.25012.50014.89020.78028.57043.390

681012

1/81/43/81/23/411-1/41-1/222-1/233-1/245681012

1/81/43/81/23/411-1/41-1/222-1/233-1/24568

6.625 8.62510.75012.750

.405 .540 .675 .840 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.563 6.625 8.62510.75012.750

.405 .540 .675 .8401.0501.3151.6601.9002.3752.8753.5004.0004.5005.5636.6258.625

6.357 8.32910.42012.390

.269 .364 .493 .622 .824 1.049 1.380 1.610 2.067 2.469 3.068 3.548 4.026 5.047 6.065 7.98110.02012.000

.215 .302 .423 .546 .742 .9571.2781.5001.9392.3232.9003.3643.8264.8135.7617.625

.134

.148

.165

.180

.068

.088

.091

.109

.113

.133

.140

.145

.154

.203

.216

.226

.237

.258

.280

.322

.365

.375

.095

.119

.126

.147

.154

.179

.191

.200

.218

.276

.300

.318

.337

.375

.432

.500

SCHEDULE 80

SCHEDULE 10

SCHEDULE 40

SECTION H

Aluminum Page

Processing Services H-1

Introduction to Aluminum H-2

Structural Shapes -Angles H-9 -Channels H-10 -Beams H-12 -Tees H-13

Bars -Rounds H-14 -Hexagons H-15 -Squares H-15 -Flats H-16

Plates H-18

Diamond Tread Plates H-20

Sheets H-21

Tubing -Round H-24 -Square H-26 -Rectangular H-26 Pipe H-27

H-1

Aluminum Processing Services Available

Coil Slitting & Cutting To LengthLeveling

Miter CuttingPlasma Cutting

PunchingRolling, Forming, Bending

Shearing & BlankingSaw Cutting To Length

Water Jet Cutting

H-2

Product Introduction - Aluminum Alloys

In high-purity form aluminum is soft and ductile. Most commer-cial uses, however, require greater strength than pure aluminum affords. This is achieved first by the addition of other elements to produce various alloys, which singly or in combination impart strength to the metal. Further strengthening is possible by means which classify the alloys roughly into two categories, non-heat-treatable and heat-treatable.

Non-heat-treatable alloys - The initial strength of alloys in this group depends upon the hardening effect of elements such as manganese, silicon, iron and magnesium, singly or in various combinations. The non-heat-treatable alloys are usually desig-nated, therefore, in the 1000, 3000, 4000, or 5000 series. Since these alloys are work-hardenable, further strengthening is made possible by various degrees of cold working, denoted by the “H” series of tempers. Alloys containing appreciable amounts of magnesium when supplied in strain-hardened tempers are usu-ally given a final elevated-temperature treatment called stabiliz-ing to insure stability of properties.

Heat-treatable alloys - The initial strength of alloys in this group is enhanced by the addition of alloying elements such as copper, magnesium, zinc, and silicon. Since these elements singly or in various combinations show increasing solid solubility in aluminum with increasing temperature, it is possible to sub-ject them to thermal treatments which will impart pronounced strengthening.

The first step, called heat treatment or solution heat treatment, is an elevated-temperature process designed to put the soluble element or elements in solid solution. This is followed by rapid quenching, usually in water, which momentarily “freezes” the structure and for a short time renders the alloy very workable. It is at this stage that some fabricators retain this more workable structure by storing the alloys at below freezing temperatures until they are ready to form them. At room or elevated tempera-tures the alloys are not stable after quenching, however, and precipitation of the constituents from the super-saturated solu-tion begins. After a period of several days at room temperature, termed aging or room-temperature precipitation, the alloy is considerable stronger. Many alloys approach a stable condition at room temperature, but some alloys, particularly those con-taining magnesium and silicon or magnesium and zinc, continue to age-harden for long periods of time at room temperature.

H-3

By heating for a controlled time at slightly elevated tempera-tures, even further strengthening is possible and properties are stabilized. This process is called artificial aging or precipitation hardening. By the proper combination of solution heat treat-ment, quenching, cold working and artificial aging, the highest strengths are obtained.

Clad Alloys - The heat-treatable alloys in which copper and zinc are major alloying constituents, are less resistant to corrosive attack than the majority of non-heat-treatable alloys. To increase the corrosion resistance of these alloys in sheet and plate form they are often clad with high-purity aluminum, a low magnesium-silicon alloy, or an alloy containing 1 per cent zinc. The cladding, usually from 2 1/2 to 5 per cent of the total thickness on each side, not only protects the composite due to its own inherently excellent corrosion resistance, but also exerts a galvanic effect which further protects the core material.

Special composites may be obtained such as clad non-heat-treatable alloys for extra corrosion protection, for brazing pur-poses, or for special surface finishes. Some alloys in wire and tubular form are clad for similar reasons and on an experimental basis extrusions also have been clad.

Annealing Characteristics - All wrought aluminum alloys are available in annealed form. In addition, it may be desirable to anneal an alloy from any other initial temper, after working, or between successive stages of working such as in deep drawing.

Effect of Alloying Elements

1000 Series - Aluminum of 99 percent or higher purity has many applications, especially in the electrical and chemical fields. These alloys are characterized by excellent corrosion resis-tance, high thermal and electrical conductivity, low mechanical properties and excellent workability. Moderate increases in strength may be obtained by strain-hardening. Iron and silicon are the major impurities.

2000 Series - Copper is the principal alloying element in this group. These alloys require solution heat-treatment to obtain optimum properties; in the heat treated condition mechanical properties are similar to, and sometimes exceed, those of mild steel. In some instances artificial aging is employed to further increase the mechanical properties. This treatment materially effects yield strength, with attendant loss in elongation; its effect on tensile (ultimate) strength, is not great.

H-4

The alloys in the 2000 series do not have as good corrosion resistance as most other aluminum alloys and under certain conditions they may be subject to intergranular corrosion. There-fore, these alloys in the form of sheet are usually clad with a high-purity alloy or a magnesium-silicon alloy of the 6000 series which provides galvanic protection to the core material and thus greatly increases resistance to corrosion. Alloy 2024 is perhaps the best known and most widely used aircraft alloy.

3000 Series - Manganese is the major alloying element of this group, which is generally non-heat-treatable. Because only a limited percentage of manganese, up to about 1.5 percent, can be effectively added to aluminum, it is used as a major element in only a few instances. One of these, however, is the popu-lar 3003, which is widely used as a general-purpose alloy for moderate-strength applications requiring good workability.

4000 Series - Major alloying element of this group is silicon, which can be added in sufficient quantities to cause substantial lowering of the melting point without producing brittleness in the resulting alloys. For these reasons aluminum-silicon alloys are used in welding wire and as brazing alloys where a lower melt-ing point than that of the parent metal is required. Most alloys in this series are non-heat-treatable, but when used in weld-ing heat-treatable alloys they will pick up some of the alloying constituents of the latter and so respond to heat treatment to a limited extent. The alloys containing appreciable amounts of sili-con become dark gray when anodic oxide finishes are applied, and hence are in demand for architectural applications.

5000 Series - Magnesium is one of the most effective and widely used alloying elements for aluminum. When it is used as the major alloying element or with manganese, the result is a moderate to high strength non-heat-treatable alloy. Magnesium is considerably more effective than manganese as a hardener, about 0.8 percent magnesium being equal to 1.25 percent man-ganese, and it can be added in considerably higher quantities. Alloys in this series possess good welding characteristics and good resistance to corrosion in marine atmosphere. However, certain limitations should be placed on the amount of cold work and the safe operating temperatures permissible for the higher magnesium content alloys (over about 3 1/2 percent for opera-tive temperatures above about 150 F (66 C) to avoid susceptibil-ity to stress corrosion.)

H-5

6000 Series - Alloys in this group contain silicon and magne-sium in approximate proportions to form magnesium silicide, thus making them heat-treatable. Major alloy in this series is 6061, one of the most versatile of the heat-treatable alloys. Though less strong than most of the 2000 or 7000 alloys, the magnesium-silicon (or magnesium-silicide) alloys possess good formability and corrosion resistance, with medium strength. Al-loys in this heat-treatable group may be formed in the T4 temper (solution heat-treated but not artificially aged) and then reach full T6 properties by artificial aging.

7000 Series - Zinc is the major alloying element in this group, and when coupled with a smaller percentage of magnesium re-sults in heat-treatable alloys of very high strength. Usually other elements such as copper and chromium are also added in small quantities. An outstanding member of this group is 7075, which is among the highest strength alloys available and is used in air-frame structures and for highly stressed parts.

Chemical equipment, heat exchanger fins, sheet metal work, dials and mane plates, cooking utensils, decorative parts, giftware, rivets and reflectors.Ductwork, cooking uten-sils, eyelet stock, ice cube trays, garage doors, awning slats, refrigerator panels, gas lines, gasoline tanks, heat exchangers, pressure vessels, chemical equip-ment, drawn and spun parts, general sheet metal work.

Useful where excessive finishing costs are encoun-tered in the use of 3003 alloys due to surface rough-ness upon drawing.

Kitchen cabinets, small boats, home freezers, milk crates, bus and truck bodies, refrigerator trays, aircraft tube, fencing, fan blades, shoe eyelets. Sheet metal parts, home appliances, tank cars and trailers, shipping drums, instrument cabinets.

Welded structures (high strength), pressure vessels, storage tanks, truck and marine applications.

Ship yard plate, tanks, structural and marine applications.

Excellent forming qualities, resistance of corrosion, weldability, electrical con-ductivity.

Similar characteristics to 1100 but with slightly higher strength, good workability, low wearing when deep drawn, weldability, resis-tance to corrosion. ASME unfired Pressure Vessel Code Approved.

Similar characteristics to 3003, but with finer grain structure. Good finishing characteristics. Best alloy for anodizing.

Excellent resistance to cor-rosion, especially marine environment; good work-ability, higher strength than 1100 or 3003. Good finishing characteristics. 5052-H112 Plate: ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Code Approved.

High strength, high resis-tance to corrosion, suitable for being welded.

Higher strength than 5052 with similar characteristics. Excellent resistance to corrosion in marine envi-ronment. Good workability, weldability.

1100

3003

5005

5052

5083

5086

H-6

Non-Heat Treatable (Common) Alloys

H-7

Heat Treatable (Strong) Alloys2011

2017

2024

2024Alclad

6061

6063

6262

7075Alclad

7075

Good machinability, unexcelled for free-cutting qualities, good mechanical properties.

Relatively high strength, com-bined with fair workability and good machinability.

A high-strength material of adequate workability. Has largely superseded 2017 for structural applications. Use of 2024-0 is not recommended unless subse-quently heat-treated.

Combines high strength of 2024 with excellent resistance to cor-rosion in T3 and T4 temper. Its appearance is good.

Combines relatively high strength, good workability and high resistance to corrosion; widely available. ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Code Approved.

High resistance to corrosion.

Good machinability with high strength, corrosion resistance and finishing characteristics are better then 2011, 2017, 2024 and equal to 6061.

Very high strength, excellent resistance to corrosion in the T6 temper. Used for highly stressed structural parts. The 0 temper combines formability with high strength after heat treating.

Very high strength material used for highly stressed structural ap-plications where maximum corro-sion resistance of Alclad 7075 is not required.

Screw-machine products, ma-chine parts, atomizer and hose parts, pipe stems, cigarette hold-ers, tube fittings.Screw-machine products, tube fit-tings, pulleys, gauges, coat hang-ers, crochet and knitting needles.

Aircraft parts, truck wheels, caul plates, piano hinges, luggage, scientific instruments, ski poles, fastening devices, veterinary and orthopedic braces and equipment, structures, rivets.

Aircraft frames and skins, railroad car roofs and sides, truck bodies, caul plates, washers.

Sailboats, canoes, truck and bus bodies, scaffolding, transmis-sion towers, mine skips, furniture chemical equipment, marine equipment, fire ladders, moldings, pipe, tankage, tank fittings, gen-eral structural and high pressure applications, paper and textile rolls, wire products, hardware.

Irrigation pipe, awning supports, windows, storefronts, architectural trim, storm sash, thresholds, stair rails, lighting standards.Screw-machine products, fittings, couplings, camera parts, nuts.

Aircraft, skiis. Used where higher strengths than Alclad 2024 are required.

Keys. Aerospace application not requiring maximum corrosion resistance of Alclad 7075.

H-8

DESIGNATION OF ALUMINUM ALLOYSMAJOR ALLOY GROUPSAluminum employs a four-digit system. The first digit indicates the alloy group. The last two digits identify the alloy or, in the instance of the 1000 series, the purity. The second digit indicates a modification of the alloy. The alloy groups are these:1XXX Aluminum - 99% and greater2XXX Copper - Major alloying element3XXX Manganese - Major alloying element4XXX Silicon - Major alloying element

6XXX Magnesium & Silicon - Major alloying elements7XXX Zinc - Major alloying element8XXX Other elements9XXX Unused to date

TEMPER SYSTEMSThe temper designation follows and is separated from the alloy designation by a dash. i.e. 3003-H14 or 6061-T6. It indicates mechanical or thermal treatment. Additional digits to the right indicate varia-tions in basic treatment.Basic Tempers -F As fabricated. No special control over thermal conditions or strain hardening. No mechanical property limits. -O Annealed. Applies to wrought products which are annealed to obtain the lowest strength temper. -H Strain-hardened (cold worked). Applies to products which have their strength increased by strain-hardening with or without supplementary thermal treatments to produce some reduction in strength. The H is always followed by two or more digits. -W Solution heat-treated. An unstable temper applicable only to alloys which spontaneously age at room temperature after solution heat treatment. -T Thermally treated to produce stable tempers other than O or H. Applies to products which are thermally treated with or without supplementary strain-hardening, to produce stable tempers. The T is always followed by one or more digits.

Non-Heat Treatable Alloy Tempers 1000, 3000 and 5000 Series

-O -H1-H2

-H3

-H111

-H112

-H116

Annealed and recrystallized.Work or strain hardened.Strain hardened and partially annealed. Strain hardened, then stabilized.A digit to the right of -H1, -H2 or -H3 above indicate the degree of hardness: 1 is the least degree of strain- hardness 2 is 1/4 hard 4 is 1/2 hard 6 is 3/4 hard 8 is full hardStrain-hardened less than required for controlled H11 temper.Equivalent to F temper except that mechanical property limits have been set or mechanical listing is required.Work or strain hardened and when tested by the user is required to pass the exfoliation corrosion resistance test (asset method.)

Heat Treatable Alloy Tempers 2000, 6000 and 7000 Series

Annealed and recrystallized. (Solution Annealed).Naturally aged only (certain extrusions).Solution heat treated, then cold worked and naturally aged. Solution heat treated, then naturally aged.Solution heat treated by the user, and then naturally aged.Artificially aged only (certain extrusions).Solution heat treated, then artificially aged.Solution heat treated by the user, then artificially aged.Solution heat treated, cold worked, then artificially aged.Solution heat treated, artificially aged, then cold worked.Solution heat treated and cold worked (stress re-lieved by stretching to produce a permanent set of 1 1/2 to 3%), minor straightening after stretching.Solution heat treated (stress-relieved by stretching to produce a permanent set of 1 to 3%), minor straightening after stretching.Solution heat treated (stress-relieved by stretching to produce a permanent set of 1 to 3%), with no further straightening.Solution heat treated (stress-relieved by stretching to produce a permanent set of 1 1/2 to 3%) and artificially aged, minor straightening after stretching.

-O -T1 -T3

-T4-T42

-T5 -T6-T62 -T8

-T9

-T3511

-T4511

-T651

-T6511

For more information on aluminum refer to the data section of this catalog.

H-9

Aluminum AnglesExtruded-American Standard6061-T6Available in Lengths 25 Ft.

3/4 x

1 x

1-1/4 x

1-1/2 x

1-3/4 x

2 x

2 x

2-1/2 x

2-1/2 x

3/4 x

1 x

1-1/4 x

1-1/2 x

1-3/4 x

1-1/2 x

2 x

2 x

2-1/2 x

1/8

1/83/161/4

1/83/161/4

1/83/161/4

1/83/161/4

1/83/161/4

1/83/161/45/163/8

3/161/4

3/161/45/163/8

Size in Inches Size in InchesWt. PerFoot

Wt. PerFoot

.201

.275 .400 .514

.343 .510 .656

.423 .619 .809

.497 .731 .956

.496 .731 .956

.577 .8501.1101.3641.606

.9611.257

1.0701.4041.7292.047

1.071 1.403 2.046

1.275 1.684 2.082 2.474 3.227

1.684

1.989 2.926 3.826

1.988 2.926

2.283 3.366 4.414

2.292 3.349

4.704

4.237 5.578

4.237 5.578

5.119 6.754

9.14113.478

3/161/43/8

3/161/45/163/81/2

1/4

1/43/81/2

1/43/8

1/43/81/2

1/43/8

1/2

3/81/2

3/81/2

3/81/2

1/23/4

2 x

3 x

2-1/2 x

3-1/2 x

3 x

4 x

3 x

3-1/2 x 5 x

4 x

6 x

8 x

3 x

3 x

3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x

4 x

4 x

5 x

5 x

5 x

6 x

6 x

8 x

H-10

Aluminum AnglesExtruded - Sharp Corner6063-T52Stock Lengths: 16 Ft.

Aluminum ChannelsExtruded - American Standard6061-T6Stock Lengths: 25 Ft.

1/2 x

3/4 x

1 x

1 x

1 x

1-1/4 x

1-1/2 x

1-1/2 x

3 x3 x3 x

4 x4 x4 x

5 x5 x

6 x6 x6 x6 x

8 x8 x

10 x10 x

12 x12 x

1/2 x

3/4 x

1/2 x

3/4 x

1 x

1-1/4 x

3/4 x

1 x

.170

.258

.356

.180

.247

.320

.190

.325

.472

.200

.225

.314

.438

.250

.303

.240

.379

.300

.387

1/16 1/8

1/16 1/8

1/8

1/8

1/161/83/16

1/83/16

1/8

1/8

Size in Inches Size in InchesApprox.Wt. Per

Foot

Web Depth &

Thicknessin Inches

Web Depth &

Thicknessin Inches

Flange Width

in Inches

Flange Width

in Inches

Approx.Weight

perFoot

Approx.Weight

perFoot

Approx.Wt. Per

Foot.068.128

.107

.202

.202

.239

.141

.275

.400

.348

.511

.313

.349

1.411.501.60

1.581.651.72

1.751.892.03

1.921.952.032.16

2.292.34

2.602.74

2.963.05

1.421.732.07

1.852.162.50

2.323.113.98

2.833.003.634.51

4.254.75

5.286.92

7.418.64

.422 .619 .808

.496

.422

.731

.569 .8411.102

.577

.724

.731

1.2751.684

1/83/161/4

1/8

1/8

3/16

1/83/161/4

1/8

1/8

1/8

3/161/4

1-1/2 x

1-3/4 x

1 x

1-1/2 x

2 x

1-1/2 x

2-1/2 x

2 x

3 x

1-1/2 x

1-3/4 x

2 x

2 x

2 x

2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x

3 x

3 x

H-11

Aluminum ChannelsExtruded - Aluminum Association6061-T6Stock Lengths: 25 Ft.

2 x2 x

3 x3 x

4 x4 x

5 x5 x

6 x6 x

7 x7 x

8 x8 x

9 x9 x

10 x10 x

12 x12 x

.130

.170

.130

.170

.150

.190

.150

.190

.170

.210

.170

.210

.190

.250

.230

.290

.250

.310

.290

.350

Web Depth &

Thicknessin Inches

Flange Width in Inches

Flange Thicknessin Inches

Approx.Weight

per Foot

1.001.25

1.501.75

2.002.25

2.252.75

2.503.25

2.753.50

3.003.75

3.254.00

3.504.25

4.005.00

.13

.26

.20

.26

.23

.29

.26

.32

.29

.35

.29

.38

.35

.41

.35

.44

.41

.50

.47

.62

.577 1.070

1.140 1.600

1.740 2.330

2.210 3.090

2.830 4.030

3.210 4.720

4.150 5.790

4.980 6.970

6.140 8.360

8.27011.820

H-12

Aluminum ChannelsExtruded - Sharp Corner6063-T52Stock Lengths: 16 Ft.

Aluminum Beams (I-Beams)Extruded - American Standard6061-T6Stock Lengths: 25 Ft.

Size Size



Approx.Weight

per Foot

Approx.Weight

per Foot

Approx.Weight

per Foot

.147

.145

.258

.239

.183

.294

.258

.405

.294

.516

.330

.477

2.332.51

2.662.80

3.003.28

3.333.44

4.004.26

1.9632.591

2.6443.283

3.4305.100

4.3025.099

6.3488.813

.170

.349

.190

.326

.210

.494

.230

.344

.270

.532

.441 .516 .405 .552 .8461.634 .552 .771 .552 .6991.2431.906

1/2 x1/2 x1/2 x 5/8 x3/4 x3/4 x1 x1 x1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x

3/8 x1/2 x3/4 x5/8 x3/8 x3/4 x1/2 x1 x1/2 x1-1/4 x 1/2 x1 x

1/8 3/32 1/8 1/81/8 1/81/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8

1/8 1/8 1/8 1/81/8 1/41/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 3/163/16

1-3/4 x1-3/4 x2 x2 x2 x2 x2-1/4 x 2-1/2 x 3 x3 x3 x5 x

3 x3 x

4 x4 x

5 x5 x

6 x6 x

8 x8 x

3/4 x 1 x1/2 x 1 x2 x2 x7/8 x1-1/2 x1/2 x1 x1-1/2 x2 x

1-1/2 x 2 x

H-13

Aluminum Beams (W-Beams)Extruded - Aluminum Association6061-T6Stock Lengths: 25 Ft.

Aluminum TeesExtruded - American Standard6061-T6Stock Lengths: 25 Ft.

Aluminum TeesExtruded -Sharp Corner6063-T52Stock Lengths: 16 Ft.

Web Depthand

Thicknessin Inches

Sizein Inches

Sizein Inches

Sizein Inches



Approx.Weight

per Foot

Approx.Weight

per Foot

Approx.Weight

per Foot

Approx.Weight

per Foot

2.502.503.003.003.504.004.004.505.005.005.506.006.007.00

.20

.26

.23

.29

.32

.29

.35

.38

.35

.41

.44

.41

.50

.62

.8051.259

.202

.274

.294

.825 .3861.103

.130

.150

.150

.170

.190

.190

.210

.230

.230

.250

.270

.250

.290

.310

1.637 2.030 2.311 2.793 3.700 4.030 4.692 5.800 6.181 7.023 8.361 8.64610.29014.290

1/81/81/8

1/41/4

1-1/2 x2 x

3 x3 x4 x4 x5 x6 x6 x7 x8 x8 x9 x10 x10 x12 x

3/4 x1 x1-1/4 x

3/4 x1 x7/8 x

1/41/81/4

1-1/2 x2 x2 x

1-1/2 x3/4 x2 x

H-14

Aluminum Rounds6061-T6Stock Lengths 12 Ft. Thru 4-1/2” Diameter 8/12 Ft. Over 4-1/2” Diameter

Approx.Wt.

per Ft.

Approx.Wt.

per Ft.

1/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

11-1/161-1/81-3/161-1/41-5/161-3/81-7/161-1/21-9/161-5/81-3/41-13/161-7/8

22-1/82-1/42-3/82-1/22-9/162-5/82-3/42-7/8

Size inInches

Size inInches

.0145 .0324 .0577 .0901 .1297 .1766 .2306 .2919 .3604 .4361 .5190 .6091 .7064 .8110 .92271.04201.16801.30101.44201.59001.74501.90702.07602.25302.43602.82603.03103.2440

3.69104.16604.67105.20505.76706.05906.35806.97807.6340

8.304 9.011 9.746 10.520 11.300 12.140 12.980

14.780 15.720 16.670 18.680 19.740 20.820

23.070 24.260 25.430 28.000 30.510

33.220 34.650 36.040 38.980 42.040

45.210 51.900

59.050 66.660

74.740 94.680111.600144.200

33-1/83-1/43-3/83-1/23-5/83-3/4

44-1/84-1/44-1/24-5/84-3/4

55-1/85-1/45-1/25-3/4

66-1/86-1/46-1/26-3/4

77-1/2

88-1/2

910-1/81112-1/8

Other Alloys Available - Please Inquire


H-15Other Alloys Available - Please Inquire

Aluminum Hexagons6061-T651Stock Lengths 12 Ft.

Aluminum Squares6061 and 6063ExtrudedStock Lengths 12 Ft. - 6061 16 Ft. - 6063

Approx.Wt.

per Ft.

Approx.Wt.

per Ft.

Approx.Wt.

per Ft.

Approx.Wt.

per Ft.

1/43/81/25/811/163/47/811-1/16

1/45/163/81/25/83/47/811-1/81-1/4

1-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/4

1-1/21-3/422-1/22-3/433-1/2456

Size inInches

Size inInches

Size inInches

Size inInches

.0631

.1431

.2543

.3974

.4809

.5722

.77891.01601.1480

.0735 .1148 .1656 .2940 .4586 .6595 .89941.17601.48901.8380

1.28701.58801.92202.28603.11604.07005.15006.35907.6940

2.6460 3.5980 4.7040 7.3430 8.884010.570014.390018.800029.370042.3400

H-16

Aluminum Flats6061 and 6063ExtrudedStock Lengths 6061 - 12 Ft. 6063 - 16 Ft.

Approx.Wt.

per Ft.

Approx.Wt.

per Ft.

1/23/411-1/41-1/222-1/233-1/245

1/23/411-1/41-1/222-1/234

1/25/83/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/233-1/244-1/25678

11-1/4

1/8 x

3/16 x

1/4 x

5/16 x

5/16 x

3/8 x

1/2 x

1-1/222-3/435

1/23/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/22-3/433-1/24568

3/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/233-1/244-1/255-1/268

Size inInches

Size inInches

.0745 .1098 .1470 .1833 .2215 .2940 .3671 .4410 .5140 .5880 .7342

.1107 .1656 .2215 .2754 .3303 .4410 .5507 .6608 .8820

.1470 .1842 .2215 .2940 .3685 .4410 .5155 .5704 .6608 .7350 .88201.02801.14101.32201.46901.76202.05602.3500

.3675 .4589

.5504 .71341.01101.10101.7880

.2250 .3312 .4410 .5498 .6605 .7710 .88201.10101.21201.32301.54201.76402.20302.64303.5240

.4400 .5880 .7350 .86441.02801.17601.48501.76402.05602.34802.64302.93703.23103.52804.7040

H-17Other Alloys Available - Please Inquire

Aluminum Flats6061 and 6063ExtrudedStock Lengths 6061 - 12 Ft. 6063 - 16 Ft.

Approx. Wt.per Ft.in Lbs.


11-1/41-1/2235

11-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/233-1/244-1/256

1-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/233-1/24568

1-1/222-1/2344-1/2

5/8 x

3/4 x

1 x

1-1/4 x

1-1/4 x

1-1/2 x

2 x

2-1/2 x

3 x

3-1/2 x

4 x

4-1/2 x

56

22-1/2346

2-1/23456

33-1/244-1/25

3-1/244-1/256

5

56

6

Size inInches

Size inInches

.7340 .91731.10301.47002.20303.6710

.88101.10301.29401.54201.76402.20102.64603.08703.52203.96504.40605.2920

1.46901.78202.05602.35202.93703.52804.11204.70405.87407.05609.3980

2.20302.94003.67104.40605.87406.6080

7.343 8.820

3.528 4.410 5.292 7.04910.570

5.874 7.056 9.39811.75014.100

8.81110.28011.75013.22014.690

12.34014.10015.86017.61021.150

20.550

23.50028.200

31.750

H-18

Aluminum Plate6061Mill Finish - Heat Treatable


Approx. Wt.per Platein Lbs.

36-1/248-1/248-1/248-1/260-1/260-1/27272

36-1/248-1/272

36-1/248-1/260-1/27272

36-1/248-1/248-1/260-1/260-1/27272

48-1/2

36-1/248-1/260-1/2

36-1/248-1/260-1/2

48-1/2

36-1/248-1/260-1/2

48-1/2

96-1/2 96-1/2 120-1/2 144-1/2120-1/2 144-1/2144240

96-1/2144-1/2 240

96-1/2 144-1/2144-1/2144240

96-1/296-1/2144-1/2144-1/2240-1/2144240

144-1/2

96-1/2 144-1/2 120-1/2

96-1/2 144-1/2144-1/2

144-1/2

96-1/2 144-1/2 144-1/2

144-1/2

xxxxxxxx

xxx

xxxxx

xxxxxxx

x

xxx

xxx

x

xxx

x

DecimalThicknessin Inches

Width inInches

Length inInches

3.5283.5283.5283.5283.5283.5283.5283.528

4.4174.4174.417

5.2925.2925.2925.2925.292

7.0567.0567.0567.0567.0567.0567.056

7.948

8.8208.8208.820

10.58010.58010.580

12.350

14.11014.11014.110

17.640

86.30114.67143.18171.70178.61214.19254.02423.36

108.04214.97530.04

129.44257.55321.28381.02635.04

172.59229.33343.40428.37712.96508.03846.72

386.82

215.74429.26446.53

258.79514.91642.31

601.06

345.13686.71856.62

858.51

.250

.313

.375

.500

.563

.625

.750

.875

1.000

1.250


H-19

Aluminum Plate6061Mill Finish - Heat Treatable


Approx. Wt.per Platein Lbs.

36-1/248-1/260-1/2

36-1/248-1/2

48-1/260-1/272-1/2

48-1/2

36-1/248-1/2

48-1/2

48-1/2

48-1/2

48-1/2

48-1/2

48-1/2

48-1/2

48-1/2

48-1/2

60

60

60

96-1/2144-1/2144-1/2

96-1/2144-1/2

144-1/2 144-1/2144-1/2

144-1/2 96-1/2144-1/2

144-1/2

144-1/2 144-1/2

144-1/2

144-1/2

144-1/2

144-1/2

144-1/2

144-1/2

144

144

144

xxx

xx

xxx

x

xx

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

DecimalThicknessin Inches

Width in

Inches

Length in

Inches 21.17 21.17 21.17

24.70 24.70

28.22 28.22 28.22

31.75

35.28 35.28

38.81

42.34

49.39

56.45

63.50

70.56

77.62

84.67

98.78

112.90

141.10

169.30

517.82 1030.31 1285.23

604.16 1202.11

1373.42 1713.24 2053.05

1545.22

862.95 1717.02

1888.84

2060.62

2403.73

2747.33

3090.44 3434.04

3777.64

4120.75

4807.46

6774.00

8466.00

10158.00

1.500

1.750

2.000

2.250

2.500

2.750

3.000

3.500

4.000

4.500

5.000

5.500

6.000

7.000

8.000

10.000

12.000


.100

.125

.100

.125

.188

.250

.313

H-20

Diamond Tread Aluminum Floor Plate3003/6061-T6Available in bright reflective finish and mill finish.Raised lugs are on approximately 1” centers.Opposite side is smooth.

Wt.per Ft.in Lbs.

Wt.per Ft.in Lbs.

Wt. per Plate

in Lbs.

Wt. per Plate

in Lbs.

xx

x

x

xx

Dec.Thicknessand Size in Inches


48 60

48

60

4860

100.48125.60

122.88

100.48

121.60152.00

178.56223.20

234.88293.60

368.00

153.60

180.50225.60

192192

192

1.571.57

1.92

1.92

2.822.82

192

192192

.125

.188

3003 - Bright Finish

6061-T6 - Mill Finish

x

xx

xx

xx

x

48

4860

4860

4860

60

192

192192

192192

192192

192

1.57

1.901.90

2.792.79

3.673.67

4.60

.375

.500

.625

.750

486072

486072

6072

6072

xxx

xxx

xx

xx

192192192

192192192

192192

192192

5.495.495.49

7.277.277.27

9.059.05

10.7210.72

351.36439.20527.04

465.28581.60697.92

724.00868.80

857.601029.12

H-21Other Sizes Available Slit and Cut-to-Length from Coil.

Aluminum Sheet3003Mill Finish - Non-Heat Treatable

Approx.Wt.

per Ft.in Lbs.

Approx.Wt.

per Ft.in Lbs.

Approx.Wt.

per Sheetin Lbs.

Approx.Wt.

per Platein Lbs.

x

xxxx

xxxxxx

xxxxxx

xxxxxxx

xxxxxxx

xxxxxx

xx

xxxxxx

xxxx

xxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxx



36

36484848

363636484848

363648484860

36363648484860

36363648484860

363636484848

6060

363648484860

36486072

36363648484860607272

36484860606072

120144

9614496120144144

96144144120

9612014496120144120144120144

9612014496120144144

6.84

8.5411.3914.2417.09

10.9413.6816.4214.5918.2421.89

13.6817.1018.2422.8027.3634.20

17.1121.3925.6622.8228.5234.2242.78

21.5526.9432.3328.7435.9243.1053.88

27.3434.1741.0036.4545.5654.67

56.95 68.34

30.89 46.33 41.18 51.48 61.78 77.22

34.22 68.45 85.56 85.56

42.77 53.46 64.15 57.02 71.28 85.54 89.10106.90106.90128.30

65.11108.52130.22108.36135.65162.78195.34

.285

.356 .356 .356 .356

.456 .456 .456 .456 .456 .456

.570 .570 .570 .570 .570 .570

.713 .713 .713 .713 .713 .713 .713

.898 .898 .898 .898 .898 .898 .898

1.1391.1391.1391.1391.1391.139

96

9696120144

9612014496120144

9612096120144144

9612014496120144144

9612014496120144144

9612014496120144

1.1391.139

1.2871.2871.2871.2871.2871.287

1.4261.4261.4261.426

1.7821.7821.7821.7821.7821.7821.7821.7821.7821.782

2.7132.7132.7132.7132.7132.7132.713

.020

.025

.032

.040

.050

.063

.080

.080

.090

.100

.125

.190

Other Sizes Available Slit and Cut-to-Length from Coil.H-22

Aluminum Sheet5052Mill Finish - Non-Heat Treatable

Approx.Wt.

per Ft.in Lbs.

Approx.Wt.

per Ft.in Lbs.

Approx.Wt.

per Sheetin Lbs.

Approx.Wt.

per Platein Lbs.

x

x

xxxxx

xxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

xx

xxxx

xxxxxxxx

xx

xxxxxxxx

x

xxxxxxx



36

36

3636484848

363636484848

3636364848486060

3636364848486072

3636

48484860

3636364848486060

4860

3636364848486060

48

36484848606072

96120144144

9612014496120144120144

144144

9612014496120144120144

144

9696120144120144144

6.70

8.38

10.7313.4114.3017.8821.46

13.4216.7720.1217.8922.3626.83

16.7520.9425.1322.3427.9233.5034.9041.88

21.1226.4031.6828.1635.2042.2452.8063.36

26.7840.18

35.71 44.64 53.57 66.96

30.26 37.83 45.40 40.35 50.44 60.53 63.05 75.66

67.06 83.82

41.90 52.38 62.86 55.87 69.84 83.81 87.30104.76

107.09

63.79 85.06106.32127.58132.90159.48191.38

.279

.349

.447 .447 .447 .447 .447

.559 .559 .559 .559 .559 .559

.698 .698 .698 .698 .698 .698 .698 .698

.880 .880 .880 .880 .880 .880 .880 .880

1.1161.116

96

96

9612096120144

9612014496120144

9612014496120144120144

9612014496120144144144

96144

1.1161.1161.1161.116

1.2611.2611.2611.2611.2611.2611.2611.261

1.3971.397

1.7461.7461.7461.7461.7461.7461.7461.746

2.231

2.6582.6582.6582.6582.6582.6582.658

.020

.025

.032

.040

.050

.063

.080

.080

.090

.100

.125

.

.160

.190

Other Sizes Available Slit and Cut-to-Length from Coil.

H-23

Aluminum Sheet6061

Mill Finish - Heat Treatable

Approx.Wt.

per Ft.in Lbs.

Approx.Wt.

per Ft.in Lbs.

Approx.Wt.

per Sheetin Lbs.

Approx.Wt.

per Platein Lbs.

x

x

xxx

xxxx

xxx

xx

xx

xxxxx

x

xxxxxx



48

48

484860

48484860

484860

4860

4848

3648484860

48

364848606072

21.70

27.12

28.2433.8942.36

28.4535.5642.6753.34

45.0854.1067.62

61.1576.44

56.44 67.73

42.34 56.45 70.56 84.67105.84

108.19

64.44107.40128.88134.25161.10193.32

.452

.565

.706 .706 .706

.889 .889 .889 .889

1.1271.1271.127

1.2741.274

1.4111.411

1.7641.7641.7641.7641.764

2.254

2.6852.6852.6852.6852.6852.685

144

144

120144144

96120144144

120144144

144144

120144

9696120144144

144

96120144120144144

.032

.040

.050

.063

.080

.090

.100

.125

.160

.190

H-24

Aluminum Round TubingDrawn 6061

Stock Lengths: 12 Ft.

Avg. WallThicknessin Inches


Approx.Wt. per

Ft.in Lbs.

Approx.Wt. per

Ft.in Lbs.

3/16 x

1/4 x

5/16 x

3/8 x

1/2 x

5/8 x

3/4 x

7/8 x

1 x

1-1/8 x

1-1/4 x

1-3/8 x

1-1/2 x

1-5/8 x

1-7/8 x

2 x

2-1/4 x

2-1/2 x

3 x

3-1/4 x

3-1/2 x

SizeO.D.

inInches

SizeO.D.

inInches

.020

.028

.036

.048

.055

.044

.059

.068

.075

.060

.082

.095

.104

.128

.076

.104

.122

.134

.093

.127

.148

.165

.205

.109

.150

.195

.172

.202

.225

.281

.404

.229

.157 .217 .285 .358

.240 .282

.345 .435 .635

.336

.389

.254 .353 .416 .465 .588

.981

.585 .741

.705 .895

1.440

.825

.035

.035

.049

.049

.058

.035

.049

.058

.065

.035

.049

.058

.065

.083

.035

.049

.058

.065

.035

.049

.058

.065

.083

.035

.049

.065

.049

.058

.065

.083

.125

.058

.035

.049

.065

.083

.049

.058

.065

.083

.125

.058

.058

.035

.049

.058

.065

.083

.125

.065

.083

.065

.083

.125

.065

H-25

Aluminum Round Tubing6061-T6511

Extruded Seamless - HolobarStock Lengths: 24 Ft.



Approx.Wt. per

Ft.in Lbs.

Approx.Wt. per

Ft.in Lbs.

1-1/2 x

2 x

2-1/4 x

2-1/2 x

2-3/4 x

3 x

3-1/4 x

3-3/8 x

3-1/2 x

3-3/4 x

4 x

4 x

4-1/2 x

4-3/4 x

5 x

5-1/2 x

6 x

6-1/2 x

6-3/4 x

7 x

7-1/2 x

8 x

SizeO.D.

inInches

SizeO.D.

inInches

.6351.160

.8661.620

1.850

1.1002.0803.700

2.3104.160

1.3302.5404.6206.240

3.9805.076

7.270

3.0005.5407.624

6.000

1.7903.460

6.470

7.39010.39012.900

7.850

4.930 8.31011.76014.800

9.24013.10016.660

5.31010.10018.420

11.000

16.600

12.00022.150

12.900

10.50013.800

.125

.250

.125

.250

.250

.125

.250

.500

.250

.500

.125

.250

.500

.750

.375

.500

.750

.250

.500

.750

.500

.125

.250

.500

.500 .7501.000

.500

.250 .500 .7501.000

.500 .7501.000

.250 .5001.000

.500

.750

.5001.000

.500

.375 .500

H-26

Aluminum Square Tubing6063-T52

Extruded Stock Lengths: 21 Ft.-1 in.

Aluminum Rectangular Tubing6063-T52

Extruded Stock Lengths: 21 Ft.-1 In.





Approx.Wt. per

Ft.in Lbs.

Approx.Wt. per

Ft.in Lbs.

Approx.Wt. per

Ft.in Lbs.

Approx.Wt. per

Ft.in Lbs.

3/4 x1 x1-1/4 x1-1/2 x1-3/4 x

1 x1 x1-1/2 x1-1/2 x1-1/2 x

2 x2 x2 x2 x2 x

1-1/2 x2 x2 x2-1/2 x3 x

3 x4 x5 x6 x8 x

2 x3 x

4 x

SizeO.D.

inInches

SizeO.D.

inInches

SizeO.D.

inInches

SizeO.D.

inInches

.368

.516

.676

.810

.956

.662 .810 .9571.1031.264

1.3971.6901.9852.2792.925

1.1031.6913.2342.2794.410

.125

.125

.125

.125

.125

.125

.125

.125

.125

.125

.125

.125

.125

.125

.125

.125

.125

.250

.125

.250

SCHEDULE 80

SCHEDULE 40

H-27

Aluminum Round Pipe6061 and 6063

Extruded - SeamlessSchedule 40 & 80 - Standard IPSStock Lengths: 20 Ft.

Approx.Wt. per

Ft.in Lbs.

Avg. Wall

Thicknessin Inches

1/81/43/8 1/2 3/411-1/4 1-1/222-1/23 3-1/2 4 5681012

1-1/41-1/2 22-1/2 3 4

.269 .364 .493 .622 .824 1.049 1.380 1.610 2.067 2.469 3.068 3.548 4.026 5.047 6.065 7.98110.02011.938

1.2781.5001.9392.3232.9003.826

Nom.Pipe

Size inInches

O.D.in

Inches

I.D.in

Inches

.450 .540 .675 .840 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.563 6.625 8.62510.75012.750

1.6601.9002.3752.8753.5004.500

.085 .147 .196 .293 .391 .581 .786 .9401.2642.0042.6213.1513.7335.0576.5649.87814.00018.520

1.0371.2561.7372.6503.5475.183

.068

.088

.091

.109

.113

.133

.140

.145

.154

.203

.216

.226

.237

.258

.280

.322

.365

.406

.191

.200

.218

.276

.300

.337

SECTION I

Specialty Products Page

Reinforcing Bar I-1

Reinforcing Wire Mesh I-1

Expanded Metal I-2

Expanded Metal Grating I-6

Bar Grating I-7

Perforated Metal I-8

Safety Grating I-11

Fiberglass I-12

I-1

Concrete Reinforcing BarASTM A615No Grade, Grade 40 & Grade 60Available Lengths 20 Ft. & 40 Ft.

Reinforcing Wire MeshASTM A185Available in Rolls or Flat Sheets

Bar Size Nominal Dimensions

Inches

Long. Trans. Long. Trans

Bar No.*

MetricBar Size

DiameterInches

Spacingin Inches

Wire Gaugein Inches

Sq. In.Long.

Sq. In.Trans

WeightLbs.

Per 100Sq.Ft.

Section AreasPer Foot of Width

AreaSq.In.

PerimeterInches

WeightLbs.

Per Ft. .376 .6681.0431.5022.0442.6703.4004.303

1.1781.5711.9632.3562.7493.1423.5443.990

.11 .20 .31 .44 .60 .791.001.27

.375 .500 .625 .750 .8751.0001.1281.270

.029

.041

.058

.080

.029

.041

.058

.080

21304258

1013161922252932

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

6 x 66 x 66 x 66 x 6

10 x 108 x 86 x 64 x 4

3/81/25/83/47/811-1/81-1/4*Bar Numbers are the eighths of an inch in the nominal diameter.

I-2

Reg

ular

Exp

ande

d M

etal

—C

arbo

n S

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Sty

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lbs.

per

c.s.

f.A

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d S

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3/16

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43/

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#22

3/16

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01/

4”-#

201/

4”-#

181/

2”-#

201/

2”-#

181/

2”-#

161/

2”-#

133/

4”-#

163/

4”-#

133/

4”-#

103/

4”-#

91”

#16

1-1/

2”-#

181-

1/2”

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1-1/

2”-#

131-

1/2”

-#10

1-1/

2”-#

91-

1/2”

-# 6

2”

#

102”

# 9

50 62 75 86 114

43 70 86 147

54 80 120

180

44 20 40 60 79 120

250

68 90

N/A

N/A

N/A

129

171

59 85 97 173

65 92 136

195

51 25 48 68 89 131

273

75 102

.166

.166

.166

.172

.172

.438

.438

.375

.313

.813

.750

.750

.688

1.00

01.

313

1.25

01.

188

1.18

81.

125

1.00

01.

625

1.56

3

.437

.437

.437

.719

.719

.938

.938

.938

.938

1.75

01.

688

1.62

51.

563

2.06

32.

625

2.62

52.

500

2.50

02.

375

2.31

33.

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3.37

5

.200

.200

.200

.255

.255

.500

.500

.500

.500

.923

.923

.923

.923

1.09

01.

330

1.33

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330

1.33

01.

330

1.33

01.

850

1.85

0

.50

.50

.50

1.00

1.00

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.40

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

4.00

4.00

.050

.050

.050

.073

.073

.072

.088

.086

.096

.099

.096

.144

.148

.096

.067

.107

.104

.137

.142

.201

.164

.149

.024

.030

.036

.036

.048

.036

.048

.060

.092

.060

.092

.092

.134

.060

.048

.060

.092

.092

.134

.198

.092

.134

63 60 57 45 43 80 77 71 58 85 78 77 66 86 93 89 86 85 75 63 86 86

.086

.088

.090

.125

.125

.124

.155

.157

.182

.186

.195

.282

.300

.182

.140

.211

.215

.289

.295

.425

.312

.325

4 4 4 4 4 4 4-6

4-6

4-6

4-6

4-6

4-6

4-6

4 4 4 4-6

4-6

4-6

4-6

B B

8 8 8 8 8 8 8-10

8-10

8-10

8-10

8-10

8-10

8-10

-12

8 8 8-10

-12

8-10

-12

8-10

8-10

-12

8-10

-12

B B

Pla

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W

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I-3

Reg

ular

Exp

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d M

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n S

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t in

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per

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d S

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1/2”

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- #

163/

4” -

#13

3/4”

- #

91-

1/2”

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61-

1/2”

- #

131-

1/2”

- #

9

73 91 187 48 60 91 205 45 68 137

.438

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1.25

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0

.087

.087

.120

.106

.106

.108

.161

.115

.116

.155

.050

.062

.093

.050

.062

.093

.140

.062

.093

.140

.500

.500

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.923

.923

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1.33

31.

333

1.33

3

1.20

1.20

1.20

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

3.00

3.00

3.00

77 70 58 89 85 78 67 89 86 75

.164

.164

.225

.200

.200

.200

.300

.220

.220

.280

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

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25

23 27 44 17 41 65 22 43

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1.33

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.50

1.20

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3.00

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.050

.094

.096

.109

.166

.170

.128

.163

.032

.051

.081

.051

.081

.125

.081

.125

52 70 60 90 74 66 87 78

.068

.158

.186

.200

.300

.305

.240

.300

Reg

ular

Exp

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d M

etal

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lum

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I-4

Flat

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1-1/

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141-

1/2”

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9

48 60 72 83 111 40 66 82 140 51 63 75 171 41 38 46 57 111

N/A

N/A

N/A

124

165 51 88 100

162 61 75 86 186 50 44 56 68 128

.085

.085

.085

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.094

.375

.281

.250

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.688

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.459

.459

.459

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.688

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1.78

21.

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2.25

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750

2.75

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2.56

3

.200

.200

.200

.255

.255

.500

.500

.500

.500

.923

.923

.923

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1.09

01.

330

1.33

01.

330

1.33

0

.52

.52

.52

1.03

1.03

1.26

1.26

1.26

1.26

2.10

2.12

2.10

2.12

2.56

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.20

.057

.057

.057

.086

.086

.070

.109

.103

.122

.115

.119

.119

.164

.115

.123

.138

.138

.175

.019

.024

.029

.030

.040

.029

.039

.050

.070

.048

.061

.070

.120

.048

.048

.060

.070

.110

41 40 39 47 40 72 69 60 57 75 70 73 63 77 82 82 80 77

.019

.024

.029

.030

.040

.029

.039

.050

.070

.048

.061

.070

.120

.048

.048

.060

.070

.110

4 4 4 4 4 43-

4-6

3-4-

63-

4-6

3-4-

63-

4-6

3-4-

63-

4-6 4 4

3-4-

63-

4-6

3-4-

6

8 8 8 8 8 88-

108-

108-

108-

108-

108-

108-

10-1

2 8 8 8 88-

10-1

2

Pla

in

Gal

v.

W

idth

- L

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h

W

idth

-

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W

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I-5

Flat

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Met

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ss S

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Sty

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f.A

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1/2”

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3/4”

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3/4”

-#13

3/4”

-# 9

1-1/

2”-#

161-

1/2”

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9

69 86 178 46 57 87 195 43 65 131

.313

.313

.250

.750

.750

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.563

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1.81

31.

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1.68

82.

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2.62

52.

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.500

.500

.923

.923

.923

.923

1.33

31.

333

1.33

3

1.26

1.26

1.26

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

3.15

3.15

3.15

.093

.093

.132

.118

.118

.120

.160

.124

.124

.165

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.050

.080

.040

.050

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.119

.050

.079

.119

68 60 56 77 75 74 64 83 79 76

.040

.050

.080

.040

.050

.070

.119

.050

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.119

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

Wid

th -

Len

gth

Wid

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Le

ngth

Wid

th -

Len

gth

W

idth

- T

hick

ness

1/2”

-.0

511/

2” -

.081

3/4”

-.0

513/

4” -

.081

3/4”

-.1

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1/2”

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25

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4 4 4 4 4 4 4

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1.81

31.

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1.75

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2.75

0

.500

.500

.923

.923

.923

1.33

31.

333

1.27

1.27

2.12

2.12

2.12

3.15

3.15

.091

.103

.114

.172

.180

.144

.190

.040

.060

.040

.070

.095

.055

.080

57 57 73 63 55 75 65

.040

.060

.040

.070

.095

.055

.080

I-6

Exp

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d M

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Gra

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Car

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Ste

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per

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f.A

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3 lb

. 3.

14 lb

. 4

lb.

4.27

lb.

5 lb

. 6.

25 lb

. 7

lb.

320

334

430

457

550

625

700

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000

.813

.813

.813

3.43

84.

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3.43

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3.37

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1.33

31.

412

1.33

31.

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1.41

2

5.33

6.00

5.33

4.00

5.33

5.33

5.33

.261

.308

.297

.297

.327

.347

.388

.183

.250

.215

.250

.250

.312

.312

73 74 65 58 52 55 60

.500

.562

.625

.625

.625

.750

.750

4-6

4-6

4-5-

64-

64-

5-6

4-6

4-6

8-12

8-10

8-10

8-10

8-10 8 8

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Wid

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W

idth

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ness

300

314

400

427

500

652

700

I-7

Steel Bar GratingBearing bars and cross bars are joined by automatic forge-welding machines which control heat, pressure and electric current. Result: sturdy, one-piece grating with flush top surface. Bar grating is widely used for walkways, fire escapes, floors, decks, etc. Available plain, painted, galvanized or vinyl coated, regular or with serrated edges, spiral-drawn or smooth round cross bars. Also available in stainless and aluminum.

Standard Widths: 24” and 36”Standard Lengths: 240” and 288”

TOPVIEW

BEARING BARSCenter to Center

CROSS BARSCenter to Center

SPECIFY FOR:

15-W-215-W-419-W-4 19-W-2Standard Mesh Close Mesh

1-3/16”

4” 2” 4” 2”

1-3/16” 15/16” 15/16”

GeneralDuty

ApplicationsSmaller

Openings

HeavierLoads,Smaller

Openings

HeaviestLoads,

SmallestOpenings

WEIGHT IN LBS. PER SQ. FT.Bearing

BarsCrossBars

Type19-W-4

Type19-W-2

Type15-W-4

Type15-W-2

1/83/16

1/83/16 1/8

3/161/8

3/16 3/163/163/16

1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 5/165/165/165/16

3/4 x3/4 x

1 x1 x

1-1/4 x1-1/4 x1-1/2 x1-1/2 x1-3/4 x

2 x2-1/4 x

3.995.675.157.356.209.037.35

10.9412.6214.3015.87

4.636.315.797.996.849.677.9911.8013.4815.1616.74

4.957.116.449.277.79

11.439.27

13.8215.9818.1420.16

5.597.757.089.918.43

12.079.91

14.6816.8419.0021.03

I-8

Perforated Metal

Carbon Steel

RoundPerforation

SizesHole

CentersGaugesAvailable

OpenArea

.027

.045

.045

.0461/16 1/161/16 5/64 5/643/323/32.117

1/81/8

5/323/163/161/4 1/4

5/163/83/81/2 3/4

1

.050 Straight

.066 Straight

.088 Staggered

.088 Staggered3/32 “7/64 “ 1/8 “ 7/64 “ 1/8 “ 5/32 “ 1/4 “ 5/32 “ 3/16 “ 1/4 “ 3/16 “ 1/4 “ 5/16 “ 5/16 “ 3/8 “ 7/16 “ 1/2 “ 9/16 “ 11/16 “ 1 “ 1-1/4 “

2624242222, 201622, 20, 18, 162018, 1622,18,16,14142224,22,20,18,16,14,12,111622, 20, 18, 1624, 22, 20, 18, 1616, 11, 3/1620, 18, 16, 1420,18,16,14,11,10,3/16,1/41111, 1/420, 16, 11, 3/16, 1/420, 16, 14, 11, 3/16, 1/4, 3/816, 11, 3/16, 1/411, 1/4

23.0%36.0%24.0%24.0%41.0%30.0%23.0%46.0%36.0%33.0%13.0%51.0%40.0%23.0%63.0%50.0%32.0%58.0%40.0%46.0%52.0%40.0%48.0%51.0%58.0%

I-9

Perforated Metal

Aluminum 3003-H14Standard Sizes: 3’ & 4’ x 8’ x 10’

RoundPerforation

SizesHole


OpenArea

.0331/161/161/163/32.117 1/81/8

5/323/16 3/161/4

.050 Straight3/32 Staggered7/64 “1/8 “ 5/32 “5/32 “ .177 “3/16 “3/16 “1/4 “5/16 “ 5/16 Staggered

.032

.032, .063

.063

.032, .040

.050, .080

.032

.063

.032, .050, .063, .125

.063

.032, .040, .050, .063

.063

.063

28.0%41.0%30.0%23.0%33.0%51.0%50.0%40.0%63.0%50.0%32.0%58.0%

I-10

Perforated Metal

Stainless Steel—Type 304Standard Sizes: 3’ & 4’ x 8’ & 10’

Perforated MetalStainless Steel—Type 316Standard Sizes: 3’ & 4’ x 8’ & 10’

RoundPerforation

SizesHole


OpenArea

RoundPerforation

SizesHole


OpenArea

.033

.0451/161/163/321/8 1/8

5/32 3/163/161/41/43/8 1/2

1

1/81/4

.055 Straight

.066 Straight3/32 Staggered 1/8 “5/32 “3/16 “ 3/8 Rev. Stg.3/16 Staggered1/4 “5/16 “5/16 “3/8 “9/16 “ 11/16 “1-1/4 “

3/16 Staggered 1/4 “

262622, 2022, 2022, 18, 1622, 20, 18, 16, 14, 111820, 18, 1622, 20, 18, 1616, 1122, 20, 18, 1618, 16, 14, 11, 3/1616, 1116, 11, 3/16

16, 1414

40.0%40.0%

34.0%37.0%41.0%23.0%33.0%40.0%10.0%63.0%50.0%32.0%58.0%40.0%40.0%48.0%

I-11

Safety GratingSafety Grating is a pre-galvanized, one piece,plank type grat-ing. Its slip-resistant open diamond pattern, serrated surface and load supporting characteristics offer an excellent choice where light weight and strength are required. Virtually main-tenance free. RRG-1602. Also available in aluminum and stainless steel.

Gauge Width DepthWeight perLineal Ft.

in Lbs.14GA x

12GA x

14GA x

12GA x

1-1/21-1/21-1/21-1/21-1/2

1-1/21-1/21-1/21-1/21-1/2

2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2

4-3/4 x 7 x 9-1/2 x 11-3/4 x 18-3/4 x 4-3/4 x 7 x 9-1/2 x 11-3/4 x 18-3/4 x 4-3/4 x 7 x 9-1/2 x 11-3/4 x 18-3/4 x

4-3/4 x 7 x 9-1/2 x 11-3/4 x 18-3/4 x 24 x

2.3003.0003.6004.2006.100

3.2004.1005.0005.9008.500

2.6003.2003.8004.4006.300

3.6004.5005.4006.2008.900

10.830

I-12

Molded Grating Products

Height (in.)

Weight (lbs./ft.)

Open Area

Std. Panel

Size (Ft)Mesh

Size (in.)

0.5

0.5

0.5

.75

1

2x2

1.5x1.5

.75x.751.5x1.5

1.5x1.5

1.5x1.5

12x4

12x4

12.5x4

12x4

10x412x4

74%

72%

42%

69%

69%

1.02

1.33

2.15

1.88

2.52

I-13


Height (in.)

Weight (lbs./ft.)

Open Area

Std. Panel

Size (Ft)Mesh

Size (in.)

1

1

1

1

1.25

1.5x1.5

1x4

1x4

.75x.751.5x1.5

1.5x1.5

10x313x313x4

10x3

12x4

13x48x4

12x410x313x513x4

67%

67%

67%

38%

69%

1.02

1.33

2.15

1.88

2.52

I-14


Height (in.)

Weight (lbs./ft.)

Open Area

Std. Panel

Size (Ft)Mesh

Size (in.)

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.5

1.5

1.5x1.5

.75x.751.5x1.5

.5x.51.5x1.5

1.5x1.5

6x1

10x313x313x4

13x313x4

13x4

10x412x413x413x5

12x4

67%

42%

30%

68%

56%

2.91

3.71

4.81

3.93

4.38

I-15


Height (in.)

Weight (lbs./ft.)

Open Area

Std. Panel

Size (Ft)Mesh

Size (in.)

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

2

.75x.751.5x1.5

4x1.5

1.5x1.5

.75x.751.5x1.5

2x2

13x313x4

12x4

10x313x313x4

13x4

12x4

42%

74%

67%

42%

69%

4.51

2.97

4.1

4.85

4.4

I-16


Height (in.)

Weight (lbs./ft.)

Open Area

Std. Panel

Size (Ft)Mesh

Size (in.)

2

2.5

1.25

1.5

2

6x1.5

1.5x1.5

1.5x1.5

1.5x1.5

2x2

12x4

12x4

12x4

12x4

12x4

72%

47%

69%

68%

69%

4.3

10.65

2.77

3.48

4.1

I-17

Pultruded Grating Products

Height (in.)

Weight (lbs./ft.)

Open Area

Length (Ft)

Width (ft.)

1

1

1

1

3, 4

3, 4

3, 4

3, 4

8,10, 12, 20

8,10, 12, 20

8,10, 12, 20

8,10, 12, 20

40%

50%

40%

2.46

2.15

1.74

3.28

I-18


Height (in.)

Weight (lbs./ft.)

Open Area

Length (Ft)

Width (ft.)

1

1

1.25

1.25

3, 4

3, 4

3, 4

3, 4

8,10, 12, 20

8,10, 12, 20

8,10, 12, 20

8,10, 12, 20

50%

60%

40%

50%

2.74

2.21

4.12

3.48

I-19


Height (in.)

Weight (lbs./ft.)

Open Area

Length (Ft)

Width (ft.)

1.25

1.5

1.5

1.5

3, 4

3, 4

3, 4

3, 4

8,10, 12, 20

8,10, 12, 20

8,10, 12, 20

8,10, 12, 20

60%

40%

50%

60%

2.89

5.33

4.57

3.71

I-20


Height (in.)

Weight (lbs./ft.)

Open Area

Length (Ft)

Width (ft.)

2

2

3

3

3, 4

3, 4

3, 4

3, 4

8,10, 12, 20

8,10, 12, 20

8,10, 12, 20

8,10, 12, 20

33%

50%

33%

50%

4.63

3.56

5.21

6.8

SECTION J

Brass, Bronze, Copper Page

Introduction to Red Metals J-1

Brass Rounds J-3

Brass Hexagons J-5

Brass Squares J-6

Brass Flats J-6

Bronze Rounds J-7

Bronze Tube - Hollow Rounds J-8

Copper Rounds J-10

Copper Squares J-11

Copper Bus Bars J-11

J-1

Product Introduction - Copper, Brass & Bronze

Copper

C110 Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper - C110 has the highest degree of electrical conductivity of any metal except silver. High ductility makes it a good choice for drawing, forming and spinning operations. It can be cold-worked or hot-formed and has highly suitable characteristics for welding and soldering. The corrosion resistance is excellent and C110 conforms to ASTM specification B133 (H04) and B187.

Brass

C353 Leaded Brass - This alloy is suited where extensive machining is performed in conjunction with or followed by severe knurling, deep thread rolling, deep roll stenciling, spin-ning, stabbing, flattening, bending or flaring and expanding. It conforms to ASTM B453.

C360 Free Cutting Brass - C360 is ideally suited for high speed machining operations with its superior machinability, thread rolling, and knurling characteristics. Its machinability rating of 100 is the standard against which all other copper alloys are rated. It is easily soldered or brazed and has good resistance to corrosion. Typical applications include gears, pinions, plumbing fittings, adapters, valves, valve stems, and various screw machine products. C360 conforms to ASTM B16 specifications.

C464 Naval Brass - With the addition of tin to copper and zinc, C464 provides a high degree of corrosion resistance to sea water at even higher than normal temperatures while also as-suring good strength and rigidity. C464 possesses excellent capacity for hot working and adapts well for hot forging and pressing. It also lends itself to drawing,forming and bending, and is readily soldered, brazed, and welded. Conforming to ASTM B21 specifications, C464 has typical applications of valve stems, pump shafts, marine hardware, nuts, bolts, and rivets.

C485 Leaded Naval Brass - Very similar to C464, except with the addition of lead for superior machining characteristics. This is the free-cutting naval brass, and it conforms to ASTM B21 specifications.

J-2

C694 Silicon Brass - C694 offers excellent wear resistance with a low coefficient of friction and therefore is used where corrosion resistance and high strength are critical. It has excellent capacity for being hot formed but is not recommended for cold working, and has an excellent rating for soldering and brazing. Conforming to ASTM B371 and B249 specifications, C694 is often used for forgings and screw machine products.

Bearing Bronze

C674 Manganese Bronze - this is a high strength, non-heat treatable material intended for use in applications requiring a combination of outstanding wear characteristics and high bear-ing strength. It has excellent hot forming capacities and is typically used for bushings, gears, connecting rods, wear plates and shafts. C674 conforms to SAE J461 and J463 specifications.

C932 Bearing Bronze - C932 (SAE 660) bearing bronze has excellent load capacity and anti-friction qualities that make it preferred for a wide variety of applications such as machine tools, power transmission equipment, electric motors, automo-tive equipment, tractors, cranes, hoists, elevators and many types of accessory and special equipment. It has good ma-chining characteristics, resists many chemicals and is general-ly recommended for medium speed, medium load applications. C932 conforms to ASTM B505 specifications.

C954 Aluminum Bronze - This is the most popular, all purpose aluminum bronze. It provides high yield and tensile strength, good ductility and weldability, unusual toughness and exceptional resistance to wear, fatigue and deformation. C954 conforms to ASTM 505 specifications.

J-3

Free-Cutting Brass RoundsC360

Half Hard (H02) TemperStock lengths: 12 Ft. thru 4” dia. - 7 to 12 Ft. over 4” dia.

1/163/327/641/89/645/3211/643/1613/647/3215/641/417/649/3219/645/1621/6411/3223/643/825/6413/3227/647/1629/6415/321/233/6417/329/1619/325/821/3211/1623/323/425/3213/1627/327/829/3215/1631/32

11-1/32 1-1/16 1-1/32 1-1/81-3/161-1/41-5/16 1-3/81-7/16 1-1/2 1-9/16 1-5/8 1-11/16 1-3/4 1-13/16 1-7/8 1-15/16 22-1/16 2-1/8 2-3/16 2-1/4 2-3/8 2-1/2 2-5/8 2-3/4 2-7/8 33-1/8 3-1/4 3-1/2 3-3/4 44-1/2 5678910

Size in

Inches

Size in

InchesWeight

Per FootWeight

Per Foot

.0113 .0254 .0346 .0452 .0572 .0706 .0854 .1017 .1193 .1384 .1589 .1807 .2040 .2288 .2549 .2824 .3114 .3417 .3735 .4067 .4413 .4773 .5147 .5535 .5938 .6354 .7230 .7689 .8162 .9150 1.0200 1.1300 1.2460 1.3670 1.4940 1.6270 1.7650 1.9090 2.0590 2.2140 2.3750 2.5420 2.7140

2.892 3.076 3.265 3.076 3.660 4.078 4.519 4.982 5.468 5.976 6.507 7.060 7.637 8.235 8.857 9.501 10.170 10.860 11.570 12.300 13.060 13.840 14.640 16.310 18.070 19.930 21.870 23.900 26.030 28.240 30.550 35.430 40.670 46.270 58.560 72.300 104.100 141.700 185.100 234.200 289.200

J-4

Naval Brass RoundsC464, C485

Half Hard (H02) TemperStock lengths: 12 Ft.

Silicon Brass RoundsC694

Stock lengths: 12 Ft.

1/43/81/25/83/47/81

1-1/41-1/2 1-3/4

2-1/42-3/4

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

.1790 .4027 .7159 1.1190 1.6110 2.1930 2.8640

4.3616.2808.550

14.13021.110

Size in

InchesWeight

Per Foot

1-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/23

4.475 6.443 8.770 11.460 17.900 25.770

J-5

Free-Cutting Brass HexagonsC360

Half Hard (H02) TemperStock Lengths: 12 Ft.

Silicon Brass HexagonsC694

Stock lengths: 12 Ft.

1/8 5/323/167/321/49/325/1611/323/813/327/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

11-1/161-1/81-3/16 1-1/4 1-5/16 1-3/8 1-7/16 1-1/21-9/16 1-5/8 1-11/16 1-3/4 1-13/16 1-7/8 22-1/8 2-1/4 2-1/2 3

1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 2

2-1/8 2-1/4 2-1/2

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

.0498 .0779 .1122 .1527 .1994 .2524 .3116 .3770 .4486 .5265 .6107 .79761.00901.24601.50801.79502.10602.44302.8040

6.891 8.088 9.38012.250

13.83015.50019.140

3.190 3.602 4.038 4.499 4.985 5.496 6.032 6.593 7.178 7.789 8.425 9.085 9.77010.48011.21012.76014.41016.15019.94028.710

J-6

Free-Cutting Brass SquaresC360

Half Hard (H02) TemperStock Lengths: 12 Ft.

Free-Cutting Brass FlatsC360Half Hard (H02) TemperStock lengths: 12 Ft.

3/321/85/323/167/321/43/325/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/4

1/8 x

3/16 x

1/4 x

3/8 x

3/8 x

1/2 x

5/8 x

3/4 x

1 x

13/167/811-1/81-1/41-3/81-1/2 1-5/81-3/422-1/42-1/234

1/23/411-1/41-1/223

3/411-1/22

1/23/411-1/41-1/222-1/234

3/411-1/4

1-1/2234

5/83/411-1/41-1/222-1/234

12

11-1/41-1/22

1-1/223

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer Foot

.0324 .0576 .0899 .1295 .1763 .2303 .2914 .3598 .5181 .7051 .9210 1.1660 1.4390 1.7410 2.0720

.2303 .3454 .4605 .5756 .6908 .92101.3820

.5181 .69081.03601.3820

.4605 .6908 .92101.15101.38201.84202.30302.76303.6840

1.03601.38201.7270

2.072 2.763 4.145 5.526

1.151 1.382 1.842 2.303 2.763 3.684 4.605 5.526 7.368

2.303 4.605

2.763 3.454 4.115 5.526

5.526 7.36811.050

2.432 2.821 3.684 4.663 5.756 6.965 8.289 9.72811.28014.74018.65023.03033.16058.940

J-7

Manganese Bronze RoundsC674

SAE J461 And J463Stock LEngthS: 12 Ft.

Bearing Bronze RoundsC932 (SAE 660)

Continuous CastStock Lengths: 13” and 105”

7/81-3/161-3/4

2-1/162-3/4

1/25/83/411-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/433-1/43-1/23-3/444-1/44-1/24-3/455-1/266-1/277-1/28

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

WeightPer13”

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer1”

WeightPer Foot

WeightPer105”

2.2143.9928.506

.077 .116 .154 .277 .423 .608 .823 1.070 1.339 1.654 1.970 2.370 2.762 3.200 3.639 4.231 4.777 5.277 5.947 6.585 8.085 9.56211.17012.96014.86017.090

8.085 12.180 16.170 29.090 44.420 63.840 86.420 112.400 140.600 173.700 206.900 248.900 290.000 336.000 382.100 444.300 501.600 554.100 624.400 691.400 848.9001004.0001172.0001361.0001560.0001794.000

1.001 1.508 2.002 3.601 5.499 7.904 10.700 13.910 17.410 21.500 25.610 30.810 35.910 41.600 47.310 55.000 62.100 68.600 77.310 85.610 105.100 124.300 145.200 168.500 193.200 222.200

11.74020.700

J-8

Bearing Bronze Tube HollowsC932 (SAE) 660)


1/2 x

3/4 x

1 x

1-1/4 x

1-1/2 x

1-3/4 x

2 x

11-1/41-1/22

11-1/41-1/21-3/422-1/42-1/22-3/4

1-1/41-1/2 1-3/422-1/42-1/233-1/24

1-1/21-3/422-1/4 2-1/234

22-1/42-1/22-3/434

22-1/22-3/433-1/24

2-1/2 2-3/433-1/24

Size in

Inches

WeightPer13”

WeightPer1”

WeightPer105”

.223 .393 .5391.008

.147 .308 .477 .708 .9471.2311.5311.862

.185 .377 .593 .8471.1001.4162.1542.9853.977

.308 .447 .693 .9621.2702.0003.877

.523 .8001.1001.4541.8313.731

.308 .9161.2391.6312.4703.539

.6931.0231.4002.2773.347

23.42 41.27 56.60105.80

15.44 32.34 50.09 74.34 99.44129.30160.80195.50

19.43 39.59 62.27 88.94115.50148.70226.20313.40417.60

32.34 46.94 72.77101.00133.40210.00407.10

54.92 84.00115.50152.70192.30391.80

32.34 96.18130.10171.30259.40371.60 72.77107.40147.00239.10351.40

2.899 5.109 7.00713.100

1.911 4.004 6.201 9.20412.31016.00019.90024.210

2.405 4.901 7.70911.01014.30018.41028.00038.81051.700

4.004 5.811 9.00912.51016.51026.00050.400

6.79910.40014.30018.90023.80048.500

4.00411.91016.11021.20032.11046.010

9.00913.30018.20029.60043.510

J-9



2 x

2-1/4 x

2-1/2 x

2-3/4 x

3 x

3-1/2 x

4 x

4-1/4 x

4-1/2 x

56

2-3/433-1/24

33-1/43-1/23-3/444-1/255-1/26

3-1/23-3/444-1/2

3-1/244-1/255-1/266-1/27

44-1/255-1/266-1/2

4-3/455-1/266-1/278

55-1/46

5-1/26

Size in

Inches

WeightPer13”

WeightPer1”

WeightPer105”

5.662 8.708

.747 1.131 1.985 3.031

.847 1.208 1.700 2.139 2.770 3.862 5.085 6.685 8.085

1.354 1.800 2.416 2.977

1.000 2.077 3.162 4.493 5.993 7.531 9.12310.240

1.285 2.377 3.616 5.170 6.647 8.339

2.0082.7004.2545.5777.4089.23913.100

2.2163.0705.223

3.2004.716

594.50 914.30

78.44 118.80 208.40 318.30

88.94 126.80 178.50 224.60 290.90 405.50 533.90 701.90 848.90

142.17 189.00 253.70 312.60

105.00 218.10 332.00 471.80 629.30 790.80 957.901075.00

134.90 249.60 379.70 542.90 697.90 875.60

210.80 283.50 446.70 585.60 777.80 970.101375.00

232.70 322.40 548.40

336.00 495.20

73.61113.20

9.71 14.70 25.81 39.40

11.01 15.70 22.10 27.81 36.01 50.21 66.11 86.91105.10

17.60 23.40 31.41 38.70

13.00 27.00 41.11 58.41 77.91 97.90118.60133.10

16.70 30.90 47.01 67.21 86.41108.40

26.10 35.10 55.30 72.50 96.30120.10170.40

28.81 39.91 67.90

41.60 61.31

J-10



Copper RoundsC110 - Electrolytic Tough Pitch

Hard (H04) TemperStock Lengths: 12 Ft.

4-1/2 x

5 x

5-1/2 x

6 x

6-1/2 x 7 x

8 x

3/161/43/81/25/83/47/811-1/8 1-1/4

1-1/2 1-3/4 22-1/2 33-1/2 44-1/2 5

6-1/275-3/466-1/277-1/26-1/277-1/2877-1/2897-1/2899

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

WeightPer13”

WeightPer1”

Weightper Ft.in Lbs.


WeightPer105”

6.323 8.039 2.770 3.462 5.108 6.916 8.754 3.770 5.585 7.370 9.516 4.139 6.000 7.97712.480 4.454 4.747 9.139 5.431

.1066 .1896 .4265 .75831.18501.70602.32203.03303.83904.7390

6.825 9.28912.13018.98027.30037.16048.53061.42075.830

663.90 844.10 290.90 363.50 536.30 726.10 919.17 395.90 586.40 773.90 999.20 434.60 630.00 837.601310.00 467.70 498.40 959.60 570.30

82.20104.50 36.01 45.01 66.40 89.91113.80 49.01 72.61 95.81123.71 53.81 78.00103.70162.20 57.90 61.71118.80 70.60

J-11

Copper SquaresC110 - Electrolytic Tough Pitch

Hard (H04) TemperStock Lengths: 12 Ft.

Copper Bus BarC110 - Electrolytic Tough Pitch

Hard (H04) TemperFull Rounded Edge and Square EdgeStock Lengths: 12 Ft.

1/8 x

3/16 x 1/4 x

3/8 x

1212122-1/2345611-1/223

456122-1/2345624234

1/23/411-1/2

22-1/23

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches

Size in

Inches





.75831.70603.03306.8250

.483 .966 .7251.449 .9661.9322.4152.8983.8644.8305.7961.4492.1742.8984.347

5.7967.2458.6941.9323.8644.8305.7967.7289.66011.5905.79611.5927.72811.59015.460

12.13018.96027.300

3/8 x

1/2 x

3/4 x

1 x

SECTION K

Data & Reference PageNominal Chemical Compositions Alloy Steel K-5 Aluminum K-13 Carbon Steel K-1 Copper & Copper Alloy K-15 Stainless Steel K-10

Mechanical Properties Alloy Steel K-21 Aluminum K-47 Carbon Steel K-21 Copper & Copper Alloys K-15 Stainless Steel K-39 Corrosion Resistance K-40

Standard Mfg. Tolerances Aluminum Bars K-97 Pipe K-98 Sheet & Pipe K-96 & K-99 Tread Plate K-98 Tube K-98 Carbon Steel Hot Rolled Shapes & Bars K-50 Cold Finished Bars K-55 Hot Rolled Alloy Bars K-57 Cold Finished Alloy Bars K-59 Plates K-27 Gauge Thickness Tolerances K-61 Hot Rolled Sheets K-62 Cold Rolled Sheets K-66 Galvanized Sheets K-70 Aluminized Sheet K-75 Hot Rolled Strip K-77 Tubing & Pipe K-79 Copper & Copper Alloy Bars K-101 Sheet & Strip K-103 Tubing K-104

Standard Mfg. Tolerances (cont.) Stainless Steel Plates K-89 Hot Rolled Bars K-90 Cold Rolled Bars K-91 Pipe K-92 Tubing K-93 Cold Rolled Strip K-94 Sheet K-95

Hardness Conversion Table K-105

Gauge to Decimal Table K-106

U.S. & Metric Equivalents K-108

Geometric Formulas K-111

Summary of Common ASTM Standards Sorted by ASTM Standard K-113 Sorted by Product, then ASTM Standard K-127

Glossary K-142

AISI & SAE Standard Chemical Compositions of

Carbon Steels

Standard Steels—NonresulphurizedAISINo.* C Mn.

PMax.

SMax.

SAENo.

1008M1008

1010M1010

1012M1012

15131015

M101510161017

M10171018151810191020

M10201021102215221023

M10231524 1025

M102515251026

0.10 max0.10 max0.08-0.130.07-0.140.10-0.150.09-0.160.10-0.160.13-0.180.12-0.190.13-0.180.15-0.200.14-0.210.15-0.200.15-0.210.15-0.200.18-0.230.17-0.240.18-0.230.18-0.230.18-0.240.20-0.250.19-0.270.19-0.250.22-0.280.20-0.300.23-0.290.22-0.28

0.30-0.500.25-0.600.30-0.600.25-0.600.30-0.600.25-0.601.10-1.400.30-0.600.25-0.600.60-0.900.30-0.600.25-0.600.60-0.901.10-1.400.70-1.000.30-0.600.25-0.600.60-0.900.70-1.001.10-1.400.30-0.600.25-0.601.35-1.65 0.30-0.600.25-0.600.80-1.100.60-0.90

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

1008 —

1010 —

1012 —

15131015 —

10161017 —

1018151810191020 —

1021102215221023 —

15241025 —

15251026

* Prefix M denotes merchant quality grades with wider carbon and man-ganese ranges that fit standard steels.

K-1


Carbon Steels

Standard Steels—Nonresulphurized

AISINo.* C Mn.

PMax.

SMax.

SAENo.

1526152710291030

M10311035153610371038103910401541104210431044

M10441045104615471548104910501551155210531055106015611566

0.22-0.290.22-0.290.25-0.310.28-0.340.26-0.360.32-0.380.30-0.370.32-0.380.35-0.420.37-0.440.37-0.440.36-0.440.40-0.470.40-0.470.43-0.500.40-0.500.43-0.500.43-0.500.43-0.510.44-0.520.46-0.530.48-0.550.45-0.560.47-0.550.48-0.550.50-0.600.55-0.650.55-0.650.60-0.71

1.10-1.401.20-1.500.60-0.900.60-0.900.25-1.600.60-0.901.20-1.500.70-1.000.60-0.900.70-1.000.60-0.901.35-1.650.60-0.900.70-1.000.30-0.600.25-0.600.60-0.900.70-1.001.35-1.651.10-1.400.60-0.900.60-0.900.85-1.15 1.20-1.500.70-1.000.60-0.900.60-0.900.75-1.050.85-1.15

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040 .040.040.040

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050

.050 .050.050.050

15261527 —

1030 —

1035153610371038103910401541104210431044 —

10451046154715481049155115511552 —

1055106015611566

* Prefix M denotes merchant quality grades with wider carbon and man-ganese ranges that fit standard steels.

K-2

K-3


Carbon Steels

Standard Steels—Nonresulphurized

AISINo.* C Mn.

PMax.

SMax.

SAENo.

1070 1572 1078 1080 1084 1090 1095

11091110 B1112B1113 1116 1117 1118 1119 1132 1137 1139 1140 1141 1144 114511461151

1211 1212 1213 12L141215

0.65-0.750.65-0.760.72-0.850.75-0.880.80-0.930.85-0.980.90-1.03

.08-.13

.08-.13.13 max..13 max..14-.20.14-.20.14-.20.14-.20.27-.34.32-.39.35-.43.37-.44.37-.45.40-.48.42-.49.42-.49.48-.55

.13 max.

.13 max.

.13 max.

.15 max.

.09 max.

0.60-0.901.00-1.300.30-0.600.60-0.900.60-0.900.60-0.900.30-0.50

0.60-0.900.30-0.600.70-1.000.70-1.001.10-1.401.00-1.301.30-1.601.00-1.301.35-1.651.35-1.651.35-1.650.70-1.001.35-1.651.35-1.650.70-1.000.70-1.000.70-1.00

0.60-0.700.70-1.000.70-1.000.85-1.150.75-1.05

.040.040.040.040.040.040.040

.040

.040.07-.12.07-.12

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.040

.07-.12

.07-.12

.07-.12

.04-.09

.04-.09

.050.050.050.050.050.050.050

.08-.13

.08-.13

.16-.23

.24-.33

.16-.23

.08-.13

.08-.13

.24-.33

.08-.13

.08-.13

.13-.20

.08-.13

.08-.13

.24-.33

.04-.07

.08-.13

.08-.13

.10-.15

.16-.23

.24-.33

.26-.35

.26-.35

1070157210781080108410901095

1109111011121113 —

111711181119113211371139114011411144114511461151

121112121213 — —

Standard Steels—Resulphurized

Standard Steels—Rephosphorized and Resulphurized

Prefix B denotes acid Bessemer steels.

When lead or copper are required, they are added elements to a standard steel. Lead is generally added in amounts ranging from 0.15 to 0.35%; identified by inserting the letter “L” between the second and third numbers (example, 12L14). Copper added in minimum of 0.20%.

K-4


Carbon Steels

Standard Steel Designation Silicon Ranges or Limits

When silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly used for basic open hearth steel grades:

Nonresulphurized Up to 1015 Excl. ..................................................................0.10 max. 1015-1025 incl. ............................0.10 max., 0.10-0.20, or 0.15-0.30 Over 1025......................................................0.10-0.20 or 0.15-0.30Resulphurized Up to 1110 incl. ..................................................................0.10 max. 1116 and Over ............................0.10 max., 0.10/0.20, or 0.15/0.30


Standard Alloy Steels

Open Hearth and Electric FurnaceAISINo.*

C

Mn

NI Cr

Mo

Other Elements

SAENo.

Manganese Steels1330133513401345

4012402340244027402840374047

411841304137414041424145414741504161

.28-0.33

.33-0.38

.38-0.43

.43-0.48

.09--0.14.20-0.25.20-0.25.25-0.30.25-0.30.35-0.40.45-0.50

.18--0.23.28-0.33.35-0.40.38-0.43.40-0.45.43-0.48.45-0.50.48-0.53.56-0.64

1.60-1.901.60-1.901.60-1.901.60-1.90

0.75-1.000.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.90

0.70-0.900.40-0.600.70-0.900.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.00

————

———————

—————————

————

———————

0.40-0.600.80-1.100.80-1.100.80-1.100.80-1.100.80-1.100.80-1.100.80-1.100.70-0.90

————

.15-.25

.20-.30

.20-.30

.20-.30

.20-.30

.20-.30

.20-.30

.08-.15

.15-.25

.15-.25

.15-.25

.15-.25

.15-.25

.15-.25

.15-.25

.25-.35

a,ba,ba,ba,b

a,ba,bb,ca,bb,ca,ba,b

a,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,b

1330133513401345

4012402340244027402840374047

411841304137414041424145414741504161

Molybdenum Steels

Chromium—Molybdenum Steels

K-5

K-6



Open Hearth and Electric FurnaceAISINo.*

C

Mn

NI Cr

Nickel—Chromium—Molybdenum Steels43204340

E4340

.17-0.22

.38-0.43

.38-0.43

0.45-0.650.60-0.800.65-0.85

1.65-2.001.65-2.001.65-2.00

0.40-0.600.70-0.900.70-0.90

.20-.30

.20-.30

.20-.30

a,ba,ba,b

43204340

E4340

Manganese 0.80%—Molybdenum 0.40% Steels

Nickel 1.75%—Molybdenum 0.25% Steels

Mo

Other Elements

SAENo.

Nickel 1.05%—Chromium 0.45%—Molybdenum 0.20% Steels

*Prefix E denotes electric furnace steel; all other analyses are open hearth or oxygen process steels.(a) Phosphorus content for basic open hearth or oxygen process steels is 0.35%.(b) Silicon content is .20 to .35%.(c)Sulphur content is .035 to 0.50%.

Chromium Steels50155120513051325135514051455147515051555160

E51100E52100

.12-0.17

.17-0.22

.28-0.33

.30-0.35

.33-0.38

.38-0.43

.43-0.48

.46-0.51

.48-0.53

.51-0.59

.56-0.64

.98-1.10

.98-1.10

0.30-0.500.70-0.900.70-0.900.60-0.800.60-0.800.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.95 0.70-0.900.70-0.900.75-1.000.25-0.450.25-0.45

—————————————

0.30-0.500.70-0.900.80-1.100.75-1.000.80-1.050.70-0.900.70-0.900.85-1.15 0.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.90-1.151.30-1.65

—————————————

a,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,b

50155120513051325135514051455147515051555160

5110052100

Nickel 3.50%—Molybdenum 0.25% Steels

4419 .18-0.23 0.45-0.65 — — .45-.60 a,b 4419

a,ba,ba,b

481548174820

.13-0.18

.15-0.20

.18-0.23

0.40-0.600.40-0.600.50-0.70

3.25-3.753.25-3.753.25-3.75

———

.20-.30

.20-.30

.20-.30

481548174820

47184720

.16-0.21

.17-0.220.70-0.900.50-0.70

0.90-1.200.90-1.20

0.35-0.550.35-0.55

.30-.40

.15-.25a,ba,b

47184720

4615462046214626

.13-0.18

.17-0.22

.18-0.23

.24-0.29

0.45-0.650.45-0.650.70-0.900.45-0.65

1.65-2.001.65-2.001.65-2.000.70-1.00

————

.20-.30

.20-.30

.20-.30

.15-.25

a,ba,bb,ca,b

4615462046214626

K-7



Open Hearth and Electric Furnace

AISINo.*

C

Mn

NI Cr

Chromium—Vanadium Steels61186150

861586178620862286258627863086378640864286458655872087408822

925492559260

.16-0.21

.48-0.53

.13-0.18

.15-0.20

.18-0.23

.20-0.25

.23-0.28

.25-0.30

.28-0.33

.35-0.40

.38-0.43

.40-0.45

.43-0.48

.51-0.59

.18-0.23

.38-0.43

.20-0.25

.51-0.59

.51-0.59

.56--0.64

0.50-0.700.70-0.90

0.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.70-0.900.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.70-0.900.75-1.00.075-1.00

0.60-0.800.70-0.950.70-1.00

——

0.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.70 0.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.70 0.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.700.40-0.70

———

0.50-0.700.80-1.10

0.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.600.40-0.60

0.60-0.80——

.10-.15 V.15 min.

V.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.15-.25.20-.30.20-.30

.30-.40——

a,ba,b

a,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,ba,b

—aa

61186150

861586178620862286258627863086378640864286458655872087408822

925492559260

Nickel 0.55%—Chromium 0.50%—Molybdenum 0.20%—0.30% Steels

Mo

Other Elements

SAENo.

Silicon—Manganese Steels (Silicon Content is 1.8 to 2.2%)

*Prefix E denotes electric furnace steel; all other analyses are open hearth or oxygen process steels.(a) Phosphorus content for basic open hearth or oxygen process steels is .035%; for basic electric furnace steel, .025%; Sul phur content for basic open hearth or oxygen process steels is 040%; for basic electric furnace steel, .025%.(b) Silicon content is .20 to .35%.

K-8

NOTE: Phosphorus is 0.035% max., sulphur, 0.040% max.

Notes On Alloy SteelsNote 1: Grades shown with prefix letter E are normally made only by the ba-sic electric furnace process. All others are normally manufactured by the ba-sic open hearth or basic oxygen processes but may be manufactured by the basic electric furnace process with adjustments in phosphorus and sulphur.

Note 2: Phosphorus and sulphur limits for each process are:

Maximum Per Cent

Steel Making Process P S

Basic electric furnace 0.025 0.025Basic open hearth or basic oxygen 0.035 0.040Acid electric furnace 0.050 0.050Acid open hearth 0.050 0.050

Note 3: Minimum silicon for acid open hearth or acid electric furnace alloy steel is 0.15%.

Note 4: Small quantities of certain elements are present in alloy steels which are not specified or required. Elements considered incidental may be present to the following maximum amounts: copper, 0.35%; nickel, 0.25%; chromium, 0.20%; and molybdenum, 0.06%.

Note 5: Where minimum and maximum sulphur content is shown it is indica-tive of resulphurized steel.

Note 6: The chemical ranges and limits shown are subject to the check analysis tolerances.

Note 7: Standard alloy steels can be produced with a lead range of 0.015 to 0.35%. Such steels are identified by inserting the letter “L” between the sec-ond and third numerals of the AISI number (example: 41L40). Ladle analysis for lead is not determinable since lead is added to the ladle stream while ingot is poured.


Standard Boron Steels

Minimum Boron content of 0.0005% can be expected.AISINo.*

C

Mn

SI NI

50B4450B4650B5050B6051B6081B4594B17

.43-0.48

.44-0.49

.48-0.53

.48-0.53

.56-0.64

.43-0.48

.15-0.20

0.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.000.75-1.00

.20-.35

.20-.35

.20-.35

.20-.35

.20-.35

.20-.35

.20-.35

—————

.20-.40

.30-.60

.40-.60.20-.35 .40-.60 .40-.60.70-.90.35-.55.30-.50

—————

.08-.15

.08-.15

50B4450B4650B5050B6051B6081B4594B17

Cr

Mo

SAENo.

K-9

Chemical Composition ofAlloy Steel Plate

Open Hearth and Basic Oxygen

(For electric furnace Steel see note D)AISINo.*

C

Mn

NI Cr

413041404340615086158620

.27-0.34

.36-0.44

.36-0.44

.46-0.54

.12-0.18

.17-0.23

0.35-0.600.70-1.000.55-0.800.60-0.900.60-0.900.60-0.90

——

1.65-2.00—

.40-0.70

.40-0.70

0.80-1.150.80-1.150.60-0.900.80-1.150.35-0.600.35-0.60

.15-0.25

.15-0.25

.20-0.30 —

.15-0.25

.15-0.25

a,ba,ba,b

a,b,ca,ba,b

Mo

OtherElements

(a) Phosphorus content is 0.035% maximum, sulphur, 0.40%.(b) Silicon content is .15 to 0.30%. Ranges of 0.10%-0.20%, 0.20- 0.35%, and 0.35% maximum (when carbon deoxidized) when specified by the purchaser.(c) Vanadium content is 0.15% minimum.(d) When electric furnace steel is ordered, the carbon range is restricted to 0.01%, manganese 0.05%, chromium 0.05% up to 1.25%, incl., and 0.10% over 1.25%. The maximum phosphorus and sulphur is 0.025% each.

K-10

Chemical Composition ofStainless Steel

AISI

Carbon Chromium

Nickel

OtherElements

201

202

301302

302B303

303Se

304304L

305307308309

309S310314316

316L316F

317D319

321325329347

347F Se

348

403405410414

.15 Max.

.15 Max.

.15 Max.

.15 Max.

.15 Max.

.15 Max.

.15 Max.

.08 Max.

.03 Max.

.12 Max.

.15 Max.

.08 Max.

.20 Max.

.08 Max.

.25 Max.

.25 Max.

.08 Max.

.03 Max.

.10 Max.

.08 Max.

.07 Max.

.08 Max.

.25 Max.

.20 Max.

.08 Max.

.08 Max.

.08 Max.

.15 Max.

.08 Max.

.15 Max.

.15 Max.

16.00-18.00

17.00-19.00

16.00-18.0017.00-19.0017.00-19.0017.00-19.00

17.00-19.00

18.00-20.0018.00-20.0017.00-19.0019.00-22.0019.00-21.0022.00-24.0022.00-24.0024.00-26.0023.00-26.0016.00-18.0016.00-18.0016.00-18.00

18.00-20.0017.50-19.5017.00-19.007.00-10.00

25.00-30.0017.00-19.00

17.00-19.00

17.00-19.00

11.50-13.0011.50-14.5011.50-13.5011.50-13.50

3.50- 5.50

4.00- 6.00

6.00- 8.008.00-10.008.00-10.008.00-10.00

8.00-10.00

8.00-10.008.00-10.00

10.00-13.00 9.00-10.5010.00-12.0012.00-15.0012.00-15.0019.00-22.00 19.00-22.0010.00-14.0010.00-14.0010.00-14.00

11.00-15.0011.00-15.009.00-12.00

19.00-23.003.00- 5.00

9.00-13.00

9.00-12.00

9.00-13.00

———

1.25- 2.50

Mn 5.50-7.50, P .060 Max., N .25 Max.

Mn 7.50-10.00, P .060 Max., N .25 Max.

——

Si 2.00-3.00P .20 Max., S .15 Min.,

Mo .60 Max.P .20 Max., S .06 Max., Se .15 Min.

———

Mn 3.75-4.75———

Si 1.50 Max.Si 1.50-3.00Mo 2.00-3.00Mo 2.00-3.00

P or S .07 Min.Mo 1.75-2.50Mo 3.00-4.00 Mo 2.25-3.00Ti 5 x C Min.

—Mo 1.50-2.50Cb + Ta 10 x

C Min.Cb + Ta 10 xC Min. + SeCb + Ta 10 x

C Min., Ta .10 Max., Co .20 Max.Si .50 Max.Al .10-.30

——

Mn. 1.25 Max., P .06 Max.,S .15 Min.,

Mo .60 Max.

K-11


AISI Carbon

Chromium

Nickel

OtherElements

416F

416 Se

420420F

420F Se

430 430 Ti 430F

431440A440B440C440F

440F Se442446

12-2W16-18

17-10 P17-14 Cu Mo

21-6-9

22-4-9

PH 14-4 Mo

.08 Max.

.15 Max.

Over .15Over .15

Over .15

.12 Max.

.12 Max.

.12 Max.

.20 Max..60-.75.75-.95.95-1.20.95-1.20

.95-1.20.25 Max..20 Max.

.20 Max.

.08 Max.

.15 Max.

.15 Max.

.08 Max.

.45-.60

.07 Max.

13.50-15.00

12.00-14.00

12.00-14.0012.00-14.00

12.00-14.00

14.00-18.0014.00-18.0014.00-18.00

15.00-17.0016.00-18.0016.00-18.0016.00-18.0016.00-18.00

16.00-18.0018.00-23.0023.00-27.00

12.00-14.0015.00-17.00

16.00-18.0015.00-17.00

19.00-21.50

20.00-23.00

13.00-15.00

—

—

——

—

— — —

1.25- 2.50————

———

1.75-2.2517.00-20.00

9.50-12.0012.50-15.50

5.50- 7.50

3.00-5.00

3.00-5.00

Mn 1.00 Max., P. .05 Max., S .35 Min.,

Mo .60 Max.Mn 1.25 Max.,

P .06 Max., S .06 Max.,Se .15 Min.

—P or S .07

Min., Zr or Mo .60 Max.

P or Se .07 Min., Zr or Mo

.60 Max.—

Ti 6 x C Min.Mn 1.25 Max.,

P .06 Max., S .15 Min.,

Mo .60 Max. —

Mo .75 Max.Mo .75 Max.Mo .40-.60P or S .05

Min., Zr or Mo .60 Max.

P or Se .07 Min.—

Mn 1.50 Max.N .25 Max.

W 2.50-3.50Mn 2.00 Max., P .040 Max.

P .20-.40Mo 2.00-3.00,Cu 2.25-4.25,Cb + Ta 1.00

Max., Ti .60 MaxMn 8.00-10.00,

P .06 Max.,N .15-.40

Mn 7.00-10.00, S .12 Max.,N .30-.50,

P .045 Max.Cu 3.00-4.00, P .040 Max.,

Mn 1.00 Max., Mo 1.75-2.75,

Cb + Ta .10-.40

K-12


AISI Carbon

Chromium

Nickle

OtherElements

Ph 15-7 Mo

W PH 15-7 Mo

17-4 PH

W17-4 PH

17-7 PH

W 17-7 PH

.09 Max.

.09 Max.

.07 Max.

.06 Max.

.09 Max.

.09 Max.

14.00-16.00

14.00-15.25

15.50-17.50

16.25-17.50

16.00-18.00

16.00-17.25

6.50-7.75

6.50-7.75

3.00-5.00

4.25-5.25

6.50-7.75

6.50-7.75

Mo 2.00-3.00, Mn 1.00 Max.,

Al .75-1.50Mo 2.00-2.75,

Al .75-1.25, P .025 Max.,S .025 Max.

Cu 3.00-5.00, Mn 1.00 Max.,

Cb + Ta .15-.45Cu 3.00-4.00,

Si .75 Max., Cb + Ta .10-.35

Mn 1.00 Max., Al .75-1.50Al .75-1.25,

P .025 Max., Si .50 Max., S .025 Max.

Unless otherwise showManganese—2.00 Maximum, all 300 types1.00 Maximum, all 400 types

Silicon—1.00 Maximum, all typesSulphur—0.30 Maximum, all types

Phosphorus—.45 Maximum, all 300 types.040 Maximum, all 400 types

K-13

Che

mic

al C

ompo

sitio

n of

Alu

min

um

Max

imum

Che

mic

al C

ompo

sitio

n (in

Per

cent

)

Allo

ySi

FeC

uM

nM

gC

rZn

TiO

ther

sEa

ch

Tota

lA

l

1100

2011

2014

2017

2024

2024

Alc

lad

2219

3003

3003

Alc

lad

3004

3004

Alc

lad

4043

1.0

0.40

.50-

1.2

0.8

0.50

0.20 0.6

0.30

4.5-

6.0

Si+

Fe0.

70.

70.

70.

50

0.30 0.7

0.7

0.8

.05-

2.0

5.0-

6.0

3.9-

5.0

3.5-

4.5

3.8-

4.9

5.8-

6.8

0.05

-0.2

0

0.25

0.30

0.05 -

.40-

1.2

.40-

1.0

.30-

0.9

.20-

.40

1.0-

1.5

1.0-

1.5

0.05

- -.2

0-0.

8.4

0-0.

81.

2-1.

8

0.02 -

0.8-

1.3

0.05

- -0.

100.

100.

10 - - - -

0.10

0.30

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.10

0.10

0.25

0.10

- -0.

15 -

.02-

.10

- - 0.2

0.05

0.05

a0.

050.

050.

05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

99.0

0R

emai

nder

Rem

aind

erR

emai

nder

Rem

aind

er

Rem

aind

erR

emai

nder

Rem

aind

er

Rem

aind

er

Sam

e as

202

4 al

loy,

exc

ept c

lad

both

sid

es w

ith 1

230

allo

y.

Sam

e as

300

3 al

loy,

exc

ept c

lad

both

sid

es w

ith 7

027

allo

y.

Sam

e as

300

4 al

loy,

exc

ept c

lad

both

sid

es w

ith 7

072

allo

y.

(a) A

lso

cont

ains

0.2

0-0.

6% e

ach

of le

ad a

nd b

ism

uth.

EC

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

......

.....9

9.45

K-14

Che

mic

al C

ompo

sitio

n of

Alu

min

umM

axim

um C

hem

ical

Com

posi

tion

(in P

erce

nt)

Allo

ySi

FeC

uM

nM

gC

rZn

TiO

ther

sEa

ch

T

otal

Al

4343

5050

5052

5083

5086

5154

5252

5454

5456

6061

6061

Alc

lad

6063

6262

7072

7075

7075

Alc

lad

7178

6.8-

8.2

0.40

0.45

0.40

0.40

0.45

0.08

0.40

0.40

0.40

-0.8

.20-

0.6

.40-

0.8

0.7

0.40

0.40

0.8

0.7

Si+

Fe0.

400.

50S

i+Fe

0.10

Si+

FeS

i+Fe

0.7

0.35 0.7

Si+

Fe0.

5

0.50

0.25

0.20

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

.15-

.40

0.10

.15-

.40

0.10

1.2-

2.0

1.6-

2.4

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.30

-1.0

0.20

-0.7

0.10

0.10

.50-

1.0

.50-

1.0

0.15

0.10

0.15

0.10

0.30

0.30

-1.

0-1.

82.

2-2.

84.

0-4.

93.

5-4.

53.

1-3.

92.

2-2.

82.

4-3.

04.

7-5.

50.

8-1.

2

.45-

0.9

0.8-

1.2

0.10

2.1-

2.9

2.4-

3.1

- .10

.15-

.35

.05-

.25

.05-

.25

.15-

.35

-0.

5-.2

0.0

5-.2

0.0

4-.3

5

.10

.04-

.14

-.1

8-.3

5

.18-

.35

0.20

0.25

0.10

0.25

0.25

0.20 -

0.25

0.25

0.25

0.10

0.25

0.8-

1.3

5.1-

6.1

6.3-

7.3

- - -0.

150.

150.

20 -0.

200.

200.

15

0.10

0.15 -

0.20

0.20

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.03

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

b0.

050.

05

0.05

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.10

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

0.15

Rem

aind

erR

emai

nder

Rem

aind

erR

emai

nder

Rem

aind

erR

emai

nder

Rem

aind

erR

emai

nder

Rem

aind

erR

emai

nder

Rem

aind

erR

emai

nder

Rem

aind

erR

emai

nder

Rem

aind

er

Sam

e as

606

1 al

loy,

exc

ept c

lad

both

sid

es w

ith 7

072

allo

y.

Sam

e as

707

5 al

loy,

exc

ept c

lad

both

sid

es w

ith 7

072

allo

y.

(b) A

lso

cont

ains

0.4

0-.0

7% e

ach

of le

ad a

nd b

ism

uth.

K-15

Cop

per a

nd C

oppe

r Allo

y Pr

oduc

ts

Nom

inal

Che

mic

al a

nd T

ypic

al M

echa

nica

l Pro

pert

ies

Cop

per

Allo

yU

NS

Num

ber

Des

crip

tion

Tem

per

CO

MPO

SITI

ON

%M

ECH

AN

ICA

LPH

YSIC

AL

Copp

er Z

inc

Lea

d T

in N

icke

l O

ther

sTe

nsile

Stren

gthks

i†

Yield

Stren

gthks

i†

Elonga

tionin

2” %

Rock

well

Hardn

ess

Meltin

gPo

int °F

Electr

ical

Cond

uctiv

ity(A

nnea

led)%

Mach

inabil

ityRa

ting

%*R

OD

(1.0

0” D

ia.)

* FC

Bra

ss =

100

%†

1 ks

i = 1

000

psi

100

145

147

182

314

316

353

360

464

485

544

624

C11

000

C14

500

C14

700

C18

200

C31

400

C31

600

C35

300

C36

000

C46

400

C48

500

C54

400

C62

400

Cop

per

Tellu

rium

Cop

per

Sul

fur C

oope

r (O

FCH

)C

hrom

ium

Cop

per

Com

mer

cial

Bro

nze

Com

mer

cial

Bro

nze

Flan

ging

Bra

ssFr

ee C

uttin

g B

rass

Nav

al B

rass

(N

onle

aded

)N

aval

Bra

ss (L

eade

d)

Pho

spho

rus

Bro

nze

(FC

)A

lum

inum

Bro

nze

1/8H

Har

d1/

2HH

ard

1/2H -

Ben

ding

1/2H

Ben

ding

1/4H

1/2H

Har

d1/

2H

Har

d-

99.

9+ “99

.5 “

99.6

98.5

89.0

89.0 “

62.0

61.5

60.0

60.0

88.0

85.5

- - - - - - 9.1

8.1 ”

35.5

35.5

39.2

37.5

4.0 -

- - - - - - 1.9

1.9 ” 2.5

3.0 - 1.8

4.0 -

- - - - - - - - - - - 0.8

0.7

4.0 -

- - - - - - - 1.0 “ - - - - - -

- -Te

.55

“S

.40

Cr 1

.0- - - - - - - -

Fe 3

.5A

l 10.

5

32.0

48.0

42.0

48.0

43.0

72.0

45.0

65.0

45.0

54.0

58.0

88.0

75.0

68.0

105.

0

10.0

44.0

40.0

44.0

40.0

65.0

28.0

57.0

27.5

40.0

45.0

66.0

53.0

57.0

52.0

55 16 25 20 20 18 22 15 20 20 25 18 15 20 14

F40

B47

B42

B48

B43

B80 -

B70 -

B70

B78

B95

B82

B80

B92

1981 “

1967 “

1969

1967

1900

1900 “

1660

1650

1650

1650

1830

1900

101 “ 93 “ 95 80 42 32 “ 26 26 26 26 19 12

20 “ 85 “ 85 20 80 80 “ 90 100

30 70 80 50

K-16

Cop

per a

nd C

oppe

r Allo

y Pr

oduc

ts

Nom

inal

Che

mic

al a

nd T

ypic

al M

echa

nica

l Pro

pert

ies

Cop

per

Allo

yU

NS

Num

ber

Des

crip

tion

Tem

per

CO

MPO

SITI

ON

%M

ECH

AN

ICA

LPH

YSIC

AL

Copp

er Z

inc

Lea

d T

in N

icke

l O

ther

sTe

nsile

Stren

gthks

i†

Yield

Stren

gthks

i†

Elonga

tionin

2” %

Rock

well

Hardn

ess

Meltin

gPo

int °F

Electr

ical

Cond

uctiv

ity(A

nnea

led)%

Mach

inabil

ityRa

ting

%*R

OD

(1.0

0” D

ia.)

630

642

792

932

Nic

kel-A

lum

inum

Bro

nze

Alu

min

um S

ilico

n

B

ronz

e

Nic

kel S

ilver

(Lea

ded)

Bro

nze

Bus

hing

C63

000

C64

200

C79

200

C93

200

HR

50

HR

50

Har

d-

81.0

91.2

61.5

83.0

- -

25.5

3.0

- - 1.0

7.0

- - - 7.0

5.0 -

12.0 -

Fe 2

.5A

l10.

0

Si 1

.8A

l 7.0 - -

118.

0

102.

0

82.0

44.0

75.0

68.0

70.0

24.0

15 12 16 18

B98

B94

B84 F76

1930

1840

1810

1790

9 8 8 12

30 60 60 70

SH

EE

T (.0

40”

Thic

k)C

oppe

r

(DH

P) C

oppe

rRoofingCooper

Com

mer

cial

Bro

nze

Red

Bra

ss

Sof

t1/

8-1/

4H1/

2H

1/8-

1/4H

Sof

t1/

8H

Sof

t1/

4H1/

2HS

oft

110

122

220

230

C11

000

C12

200

C22

000

C23

000

- - - - - -

10.0 “ -

15.0

99.9

+“ “

99.9

+99

.9+

“

90.0 “ “

85.0

- - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - -

- - -

P .0

2- - - - - -

32.0

37.0

42.0

38.0

34.0

36.0

37.0

47.0

52.0

40.0

10.0

29.0

36.0

30.0

11.0

28.0

10.0

37.0

45.0

12.0

45 27 14 25 45 30 45 25 11 47

F40

F69

B40 F70

F45

F60

F53

B47

B58 F59

1981 “ “

1981

1981 “

1910 “ “

1880

101 “ “ 85 98 “ 44 “ “ 37

22 “ “ 20 20 20 “ “ 30

Cop

per a

nd C

oppe

r Allo

y Pr

oduc

ts

Nom

inal

Che

mic

al a

nd T

ypic

al M

echa

nica

l Pro

pert

ies

Cop

per

Allo

yU

NS

Num

ber

Des

crip

tion

Tem

per

CO

MPO

SITI

ON

%M

ECH

AN

ICA

LPH

YSIC

AL

Copp

er Z

inc

Lea

d T

in N

icke

l O

ther

sTe

nsile

Stren

gthks

i†

Yield

Stren

gthks

i†

Elonga

tionin

2” %

Rock

well

Hardn

ess

Meltin

gPo

int °F

Electr

ical

Cond

uctiv

ity(A

nnea

led)%

Mach

inabil

ityRa

ting

%*S

HE

ET

(.040

” Th

ick)

260

208

353

464

510

614

752

C26

000

C28

000

C35

300

C46

400

C51

000

” C61

400

C75

200

30 “ “ “ “ 40 90 30 20 “ 20 20

K-17

Bra

ss

Mun

tz M

etal

Lead

ed B

rass

Nav

al B

rass

Pho

spho

r Bro

nze

” Alu

min

um B

ronz

e**

Nic

kel S

ilver

Sof

t1/

4H1/

2H3/

4HH

ard

Spr

ing

CR

1/2H

1/2H

Ext

ra/H

Spr

ing

Sof

t

Sof

t

70.0 “ “ “ “ “

60.0

61.5

60.0

94.8 “

91.0

65.0

30.0 “ “ “ “ “

40.0

36.7

39.2

5

- - -

17.0

- - - - - - - 1.8 - - - - -

- - - - - - - -0.

75 5.0 “ - -

- - - - - - - - - - - -

18.0

- - - - - - - - -

P .2

0“

Fe 2

.0A

l 7.0 -

47.0

54.0

62.0

69.0

76.0

94.0

60.0

61.0

62.0

92.0

100.

0

78.0

58.0

15.0

40.0

52.0

57.0

63.0

65.0

35.0

50.0

41.0

80.0

80.0

35.0

25.0

62 43 25 15 8 3 30 20 42 6 4 42 45

F64

B55

B70

B70

B82

B91

B55

B70

B60

B93

B95

B80

B40

1750 “ “ “ “

1660

1670

1650

1920 “

1915

2030

28 “ “ “ “ 28 26 26 15 “ 14 6

* FC

Bra

ss =

100

%**

Bas

ed o

n 1/

8”†

1 ks

i = 1

000

psi

K-18

Cop

per a

nd C

oppe

r Allo

y Pr

oduc

ts

Nom

inal

Che

mic

al a

nd T

ypic

al M

echa

nica

l Pro

pert

ies

Cop

per

Allo

yU

NS

Num

ber

Des

crip

tion

Tem

per

CO

MPO

SITI

ON

%M

ECH

AN

ICA

LPH

YSIC

AL

Copp

er Z

inc

Lea

d T

in N

icke

l O

ther

sTe

nsile

Stren

gthks

i†

Yield

Stren

gthks

i†

Elonga

tionin

2” %

Rock

well

Hardn

ess

Meltin

gPo

int °F

Electr

ical

Cond

uctiv

ity(A

nnea

led)%

Mach

inabil

ityRa

ting

%*

PLA

TE (1

.00”

Thi

ck)

110

122

280

353

464

614

C11

000

C12

200

C28

000

C35

300

C46

400

C61

400

Cop

per

(DH

P) C

oppe

r

Mun

tz M

etal

Lead

ed B

rass

Nav

al B

rass

Alu

min

um B

ronz

e**

Sof

t1/

8-1/

4H1/

8-1/

4H

CR

1/2H

HR

Sof

t

99.9

+“

99.9

+

60 61.5

60.0

91.0

- - -

40.0

36.7

39.2

5-

- - - - 1.8 - -

- - - - -

0.75 -

- - - - - - -

- -P

.02

- - -Fe

2.0

Al 7

.0

32.0

38.0

32.0

60.0

61.0

55.0

78.0

10.0

30.0

10.0

35.0

50.0

25.0

35.0

50 25 50 30 20 50 42

F40

F70

F40

B55

B70

B55

B80

1981 “

1981

1660

1670

1650

1915

101 “ 85 28 26 26 14

20 “ 20 40 90 30 20

TUB

E (1

.00”

OD

X .0

65 W

all)

122

272

330

932

954

(DH

P) C

oppe

r

Bra

ssB

rass

Bro

nze

Bus

hing

†

Alu

min

um B

ronz

e

Sof

tH

ard

DG

P

DG

PD

GP - -

C12

200

C27

200

C33

000

C93

200

C95

400

99.9

+“ “

63.0

66.0

83.0

85.5

- - -

37.0

33.5

3.0 -

- - - - 0.5

7.0 -

- - - - - 7.0 -

- - - - - - -

P .0

2“ “ - - -

Fe 3

.5A

l 10.

5

20 “ “ 40 60 70 60

85 “ “ 26 26 12 14

1981 “ “

1690

1720

1790

1900

32.0

60.0

40.0

54.0

min

.54

.0m

in.

44.0

105.

0

F40

B63 F77

53.0

min

.30T

53.0

min

.30T

F76

B90

10.0

50.0

32.0 - -

24.0

40.0

40 10 25 - - 18 18

*FC

Brass=100%**●B

asedon1/8”●††1ksi=1000psi●†B

asedon7/8”ID

x1-3/8OD●D

GP=DrawnGeneralPurpose

K-19

Cop

per a

nd C

oppe

r Allo

y Pr

oduc

ts

Nom

inal

Che

mic

al a

nd T

ypic

al M

echa

nica

l Pro

pert

ies

Cop

per

Allo

yU

NS

Num

ber

Des

crip

tion

Tem

per

CO

MPO

SITI

ON

%M

ECH

AN

ICA

LPH

YSIC

AL

Copp

er Z

inc

Lea

d T

in N

icke

l O

ther

sTe

nsile

Stren

gthks

i†

Yield

Stren

gthks

i†

Elonga

tionin

2” %

Rock

well

Hardn

ess

Meltin

gPo

int °F

Electr

ical

Cond

uctiv

ity(A

nnea

led)%

Mach

inabil

ityRa

ting

%*

PIP

E (3

/4”

SP

S)

122

230

C12

200

C23

000

(DH

P) C

oppe

rR

ed B

rass

Har

dD

GP

99.9

+85

.0-

15.0

- -- -

- -P

.20

-55

.050

.050

.040

.012 30

B55

B55

1981

1880

85 37

* FC

Bra

ss =

100

%**

Elo

ngat

ion

in 1

0”†

Bas

ed o

n 3.

125

OD

20 30

K-20

50 60 60 60 60 30 “

12 14 14 14 14 9 “

1900

1900

1900

1900

1900

1930

“

B92

B89

B89

B89

B89

B98

B97

14

14

14

14

14

15

15

52.

0

36.

0

36.

0

36.

0

36.

0

75.

0 5

7.0

105.

0

90.

0

90.

0

90.

0

90.

0

118.

010

8.0

- - - - - -

- - - - - 5.0 “

10.5

10.5

10.5

10.5

10.5

10.0

“

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

“

- - - - - -

85.5

85.5

85.5

85.5

85.5

80.0

“

HR

50 - - - -

HR

50

TQ50

†

Ext

. Rod

Cas

t Rod

Cas

t Sq

Cas

t Rec

t

Cas

t Tub

e

3” &

und

er

Ove

r 3”

C62

400

C95

400

C95

400

C95

400

C95

400

C63

000

624

954

954

954

954

630

18 18 18

18 18 45

Cop

per a

nd C

oppe

r Allo

y Pr

oduc

ts

Nom

inal

Che

mic

al a

nd T

ypic

al M

echa

nica

l Pro

pert

ies

Cop

per

Allo

yU

NS

Num

ber

Des

crip

tion

Tem

per

CO

MPO

SITI

ON

%PH

YSIC

AL

Copp

er Z

inc

Iron

Alu

m N

icke

l Ch

rom

ium

Tens

ileSt

rength

ksi†

Yield

Stren

gthks

i†

Elonga

tionin

2” %

Rock

-we

llHa

rd-

Meltin

gPo

int °F

Electr

ical

Cond

uctiv

ity(A

nnea

led)%

Mach

inabil

ityRa

ting

%*

AM

PC

O (1

.00”

Dia

.)

Am

pco

Allo

y

WIR

E (0

.80”

Dia

.)C

oppe

rB

rass

C11

000

C26

000

110

260

- -- - - -

35.0

52.0

70.0

130.

0

- - - -

-30

.0 ”

99.9

+70

.0 “ “

Sof

tS

oft

1/2H

Spr

ing

- - - -

- - - -

- - - -

35**

58 20 3

20 30 ” ”

101

28 ” ”

1981

1760 ” ”

* FC

Bra

ss =

100

%**

Elo

ngat

ion

in 1

0”†

Bas

ed o

n 3.

125

OD

K-21

Mechanical Properties Of Steel The mechanical properties shown below are for general information purposes and are for steels in the as-rolled condition except where noted.

Estimated minimum values for hot rolled and cold drawn carbon steel bars can normally be expected in sizes ranging from 3/4” to 1-1/4”, and are based on standard tensile test specimens with 2 inch gauge lengths per ASTM-E8. Yield strength values shown for the quenched and tempered condition are determined by the .2% offset method per ASTM-E8.

Case Hardening or Low Carbon Bars

AISI No. Or Trade

Name

Condition of

Steel

Tensile Strength

KSI

Yield Strength

KSI

% Elong. in 2”

% Red. of

Area

Hardness Br. R

Machin- abiity Rating

(C1212=100)

Hot R’d.

Hot R’d. Cold Dr.

Cold Dr.

Hot R’d.

TG&P

Cold Dr.

Cold Dr.

Cold Dr.

Hot R’d. Cold Dr.Hot R’d.Cold Dr.

Hot R’d. Cold Dr.

Hot R’d. Cold Dr.

Hot R’d. Cold Dr.

Hot R’d. Cold Dr.

Hot R’d.

Hot R’d. Cold Dr.

Hot R’d.

55

5864

64

55

58

78

78

78

6269

6269

91103

8498

8299

85101

82

89102

72

Medium Carbon/Direct Hardening Bars

M1020

1018

10L18

1020

1025

12L14

12L14+Te

1215

1117

11L17

86L20

E4320

4615-17

4620 E4620

C8615/8617

8620

1035

30

3254

54

30

32

60

60

60

3458

3458

6686

6181

6284.6

6385

60

6585

39.5

25

2515

15

25

25

10

10

10

2315

2315

2523

2918

2819

2822

31

2522

18

50

5040

40

50

50

35

35

35

4740

4740

6458

5854

6561

6460

62

6358

40

111

116126

126

111

116

163

163

163

121137

121137

187212

163207

183207

183207

149

192212

143

B72

B79B85

B85

B79

B79

B86

B85

B83

B78B87

B78B89

B90C16

B85B94

B90B95

B90C15

B81

B90C16

B90

50

5270

80

52

50

180

250

136

9090

100125

8892

5560

5864

5864

70

6063

65

K-22

Medium Carbon/Direct Hardening Bars

AISI No. Or Trade

Name

Condition of

Steel

Tensile Strength

KSI

Yield Strength

KSI

% Elong. in 2”

% Red. of

Area

Hardness Br. R


(C1212=100)

Hot R’d.

Hot R’d. Cold Dr.

TG&P

Cold Dr.

Hot R’d.Cold Dr.

TG&P

Drawn, G&P

Hot R’d. Cold Dr.

Hot R’d.Cold Dr.

*Hot R’d. *Cold Dr.


*Hot R’d.



*Hot R’d.


*Hot R’d.

*Cold Dr.

80

8291

82

88

94105

94

105

94105

97108

8698

89102

100

91103

103112

103

101111

91

107

M1044

1045

1045

1137

1141

1141

1141

11L41

1144

E4130

4140

4147-50

41L40-42

41L47/50 Rounds

4150 Mod. RSSqs.Flats

4340C4340

E6150

E8740

44

4577

45

48

51.588

51.5

88

51.588

5390

5687

6290

66

6393

6995

69

6999

58

96

16

1612

16

15

1510

15

10

1510

1510

2921

2618

21

2719

2316

23

2116

22

17

40

4035

40

35

3530

35

30

3530

3530

5752

5850

51

5851

5143

51

4542

53

48

-

163179

163

179

187212

187

212

187212

197217

183201

187223

197

187223

212223

212

207223

183

223

-

C16C15

C16

C15

B95C19

B95

C19

B95C19

B95C22

B90B94

B91C19

B93

B91C19

C16C19

C16

C15C19

B90

C19

65

5665

56

70

6570

65

70

95100

6480

6570

5766

54

8790

8085

73

4555

50

66

Mechanical Properties Of Steel

*Annealed

K-23

High Carbon/Direct Hardening Bars

AISI No. Or Trade

Name

Condition of

Steel

Tensile Strength

KSI

Yield Strength

KSI

% Elong. in 2”

% Red. of

Area

Hardness Br. R


(C1212=100)

Hot R’d. 1201095 66 10 25 248 C28 -


*Annealed Indicates minimum aim properties.

Heat Treated Bars/Minimum PropertiesProperties are at center of bars up to 1-1/2”, and at half radius of bars over 1-1/2”. Yield strength-0.2% offset per ASTM-E8.

Trade Name or

Type

Condition of

Steel

Tensile Strength

KSI

Yield Strength

KSI

% Elong. in 2”

% Red. of

Area

Hardness Br. R


(C1212=100)

ASTM A182Gr. F11

ASTM A193Gr. B7

ASTM A193Gr. B16

Mil-S-1222Gr. B7

Stress-Proof

Fatigue-Proof

e.t.d 150

41L40/50H.T.

4150Mod. RSH.T.

4150Mod RSH.T.

Hot Rolled

Hot Rolled & Cold Finished2-1/2” & under2-9/16”-4”Hot RolledOver 4”-7”

Hot Rolled & Cold Finished2-1/2” & under2-9/16”-3”Over 3”-5”Over 5”-7”

Hot Rolled2-1/2” & under2-9/16”-4”Over 5”-7”

Cold Dr.

Dr. at ele-vated temp.

Dr. at ele-vated temp.

Hot Rolled & Cold Finished4” & underHot RolledOver 4”-8”Over 8”-10”10-1/8” - 13-1/4”

H.R. Square2-1/2” & under2-9/16”-4”H.R. Flats

H.R. RoundsThru 1-1/21-5/8-33-1/8-66-1/8-88-1/8-12

70

125115

100

125120110100

125115100

125

140

150

125

125125

-

140135135

130125120115110

‡

‡

40

10595

75

1051059585

1059575

100

125

130

100

100100

-

120110105

110105958580

‡

20

1616

18

18181716

161618

10

10

15

15

1515 -

151517.5

1616161615

‡

‡

‡

30

5050

50

50504545

505050

30

23

35

45

4545 -

504551.9

5050454545

‡

‡

‡

‡

182/192

269/321269/321

269/321

255/302302 Max.293 Max.293 Max.

269/321269/321269/321

269

-

302

269/321

269/321269/321269/321

341 Max.341 Max.241-302

262/311262/311262/311262/311262/321

-

27/3427/34

27/34

25/3030 Max.29 Max.29 Max.

---

23/27

30

C32

27/34

27/3427/3527/35

32/3729/3722/32

-

5555

55

50505050

---

83

80

-

70

707070

626262

6262626262

‡

K-24

Heat Treated Bars, Continued

Condition of

Steel

Tensile Strength

KSI

Yield Strength

KSI

% Elong. in 2”

% Red. of

Area

Hardness Br. R


(C1212=100)


4120/42

4150

4340

Nitralloy135 Mod.

Hot Rolled & Cold Finished2-1/2” & under2-9/16”-4”Over 4”-7”

Hot Rolled1-1/2” & underOver 1-1/2”-2-15/16”3”-5-15/16”6”-8”8-1/4”-9-1/2”

Hot Rolled8” & under

Hot Rolled3” & less

125115110

140

135130125120

140

120120

1059585

120

1151059590

120

8585

505045

45

45454040

42

5040

269/321269/321269/321

285/341

285/341285/341285/341285/341

302/363

311 Max.311 Max.

27/3427/3427/34

29/36

29/3629/3629/3629/36

32/39

--

555555

55

55555555

52

5050

Trade Name or

Type

505045

45

45454040

42

5040

Plates Typical PropertiesProperties shown for annealed and as rolled alloy plate are based on single test results. They will vary considerably dependent on thickness.

Trade Name or

TypeCondition of Steel

Tensile Strength

KSI

Yield Strength

KSI

% Elong. in 2”

% Elong. in 8”

Approximate Brinell

HardnessGeneral Purpose101510201025

Structural Quality CarbonASTM A283, ASME SA283Grade C

ASTM A36, ASME SA36

INX 50, EX-TEN 50ASTM A572 (50)

Cor-Ten AASTM A242

Cor-Ten BASTM A588 (A)

ASTM A656 Gr. 50

ASTM A656 Gr. 80

Structural Quality AlloyT-1 Type AASTM A514 Gr. B

T-1 Type BASTM A514 Gr. H

As RolledAs RolledAs Rolled

As Rolled

As Rolled

As Rolled

As Rolled

As Rolled

As Rolled

As Rolled

Q&T

Q&T

505870

55 to 60

58 to 80

65 Min.

70 Min.

70 Min.

60 Min.

95 Min.

110 to 130

110 to 130

293234

30 Min.

36 Min.

50 Min.

50 Min.

50 Min.

50 Min.

80 Min.

100 Min.

100 Min.

---

25

23

21

-

19

-

18

16

16

---

22

20

18

16

16

20

12

-

-

133143156

133

137

143

156

156

123/159

212/255

235/293

235/293

K-25

Trade Name or


Tensile Strength

KSI

Yield Strength

KSI

% Elong. in 2”

% Elong. in 8”

Approximate Brinell

Hardness

T-1ASTM A514 Gr. F

T-1 Type CASTM A514 Gr. Q

PRESSURE VESSEL QUALITYCARBONASTM A285 ASME SA285Grade C

ASTM A515, ASME SA515Grade 55

ASTM A515, ASME SA 515Grade 70


PRESSURE VESSEL QUALITYALLOYT-1 PVQASTM A517, ASME SA517Grade F

ASTM A387, ASME SA387Grade II


INTERMEDIATE CARBONAISI 1045

AISI 1060 FH 62

FH 62 Fineline

IMPROVED MACHING CARBONE-Z Cut 20

Clean Cut 20

E-Z Cut 45

Clean Cut 45

IMPROVED MACHINING ALLOYClean Cut 4142

Clean Cut 4150

Clean Cut 8620

ABRASION RESISTINGAR Carbon

T-1 Type A

AR 400

AR 500

CASE HARDENING8617 MTS

8620

Q&T

Q&T

As Rolled

Q&T

Ann.

N&T

As Rolled

Ann.

Spher. Ann

As Rolled

As Rolled

As Rolled

As Rolled

Norm &Temp

Norm & Temp

As Rolled

As Rolled

Q&T

Q&T

Q&T

100 to 130

100 to 130

55 to 75

55 to 75

70 to 90

70 to 90

115 to 135

60 to 85

75 to 100

90

91

90

67

70

92

90

-

-

78

-

-

-

-

78

78

100 Min.

90 Min.

30 Min.

30 Min.

38 Min.

38 Min.

100 Min.

35 Min.

45 Min.

50

52

50

38

45

45

45

-

-

52

-

-

-

-

52

52

16

14

27

27

21

21

16

22

18

-

22

-

31

30

20

-

-

-

25

-

-

-

-

25

25

-

-

23

23

17

17

-

19

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

235/293

253/293

137

137

163

163

235/293

135/174

149/207

187

179

187

133

163

187

187

262/321

262/321

-

212/255

321 Min,

400 Min,

477 Min.

179

179

Mechanical Properties Of Steel Plates Typical Properties

K-26

Trade Name or


Tensile Strength

KSI

Yield Strength

KSI

% Elong. in 2”

% Elong. in 8”

Approximate Brinell

Hardness

THROUGH HARDENING4130

4140 MTS

4340 MTS

4340 Fineline

E6150

E4150 MTS

AIRCRAFT QUALITYE4130 AQ

E4130 AQ

E4340 AQAMS 63590

PRE-HARDENED ALLOYS4142

E4150

As Rolled

Annealed

Annealed

Norm & Temp

Annealed

Norm & Temp

Annealed

Normalized

Annealed

Norm & Temp

Norm & Temp

90

95

100

-

97

145

85 Max.

90 to 89 Min.

-

-

-

52

54

58

-

55

115

-

70 to 75 Min

-

-

-

28

25

21

-

23

14

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

179

197

229

262/321

197

262/321

-

197

235

262/321

262/321

Mechanical Properties Of Steel Plates Typical Properties

K-27

Spec

ified

Th

ickn

esse

s In

Inch

es

48

and

unde

r

Ove

r 48

to

60,

excl

.

60

to

72,

excl

.

72

to

84,

excl

.

84

to

96,

excl

.

96 to

108,

ex

cl.

108

to

120,

ex

cl.

120

to 132,

ex

cl.

132

to 144,

ex

cl.

144

to 168,

ex

cl.

168

and

over

*The

term

lot m

eans

all

the

plat

es o

f eac

h ta

bula

r wid

th a

nd th

ickn

ess

grou

p re

pres

ente

d in

eac

h sh

ipm

ent.

**Normanweightinpoundsequalsspecifiedlengthininchesmultipliedbyspecifiedwidthininchesmultipliedbyspecifiedthicknessininchesmultipliedby0.2833.Theadoptedstandarddensityfor

rolle

d st

eel i

s 0.

2833

pou

nd p

er c

ubic

inch

. Toleranceunderspecifiedthickness,0.01”.Tolerancesforoverweightforsingleplatesare1-1/3timestheam

ountsintheabovetable.

Tole

ranc

es fo

r ove

rwei

ght f

or lo

ts o

f circ

ular

and

ske

tch

plat

es a

re 1

-1/4

tim

es th

e am

ount

s in

the

abov

e ta

ble.

Ske

tch

plat

es a

re p

late

s ha

ving

form

s ot

her t

han

thos

e of

circ

les

and

rect

angl

es.

Tole

ranc

es fo

r ove

rwei

ght f

or a

sin

gle

circ

ular

pla

te a

nd a

sin

gle

plat

e ar

e 1-

2/3

times

the

amou

nts

in th

e ab

ove

tabl

e.

Up

to 1

/4, e

xcl

1/4

to 5

/16,

exc

l. 5/

16 to

3/8

, exc

l. 3/

8 to

7/1

6, e

xcl.

7/16

to 1

/2, e

xcl.

1/2

to 5

/8, e

xcl.

5/8

to 3

/4, e

xcl.

3/4

to 1

, exc

l. 1

to 2

, exc

l. 2

to 3

, exc

l. 3

to 4

, exc

l.4

to 6

, exc

l. 6

to 8

, exc

l. 8

to 1

0, e

xcl.

10 to

12,

exc

l. 12

to 1

5, e

xcl.

6.0

6.0

5.0

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

8.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

8.5

8.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

10.5 8.5

8.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

12.0

10.5 8.5

8.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

4.5

4.5

4.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

14.0

12.0

10.5 8.5

8.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

16.0

14.0

12.0

10.5 8.5

8.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

18.5

16.5

15.0

13.0

11.0 9.5

8.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

-19

.517

.015

.013

.011

.0 9.0

8.0

7.0

6.5

4.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

-

-

- 17.0

15.0

13.0

11.0

9.5

8.0

7.0

5.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

Car

bon

Stee

l Pla

tes

Rec

tang

ular

She

ared

Pla

tes

and

Uni

vers

al M

ill P

late

sTo

lera

nces

for T

hick

ness

and

Wei

ght W

hen

Ord

ered

to T

hick

ness

Exce

ss in

Ave

rage

Wei

ght o

f Lot

s* fo

r Wid

ths

Giv

e in

Inch

es, E

xpre

ssed

in P

erce

ntag

es o

f Nom

inal

Wei

ghts

**

K-28

Spec

ified

Th

ickn

esse

s In

Lbs

. Per

Squa

re F

oot

48 a

nd

unde

rO

ver 4

8 to

60

, exc

l. 60

to 7

2,

excl

. 72

to 8

4,

excl

. 84

to 9

6,

excl

.96

to 1

08,

excl

. 10

8 to

120

, ex

cl.

120

to 1

32,

excl

.13

2 to

144

, ex

cl.

144

to 1

68,

excl

.16

8 an

d ov

er

*The

term

lot m

eans

all

the

plat

es o

f eac

h ta

bula

r wid

th a

nd th

ickn

ess

grou

p re

pres

ente

d in

eac

h sh

ipm

ent.

Toleranceunderspecifiedthickness,0.01”.Tolerancesforoverweightforsingleplatesare1-1/3timestheam

ountsintheabovetable.

Tole

ranc

es fo

r ove

rwei

ght f

or lo

ts o

f circ

ular

and

ske

tch

plat

es a

re 1

-1/4

tim

es th

e am

ount

s in

the

abov

e ta

ble.

Ske

tch

plat

es a

re p

late

s ha

ving

form

s ot

her t

han

thos

e of

circ

les

and

rect

angl

es.

Tole

ranc

es fo

r ove

rwei

ght f

or a

sin

gle

circ

ular

pla

te a

nd a

sin

gle

plat

e ar

e 1-

2/3

times

the

amou

nts

in th

e ab

ove

tabl

e.

Up

to 1

0 ex

cl10

to 1

2.5

excl

. 12

.5 to

15.

0 ex

cl.

15 to

17.

5 ex

cl.

17.5

to 2

0 ex

cl.

20 to

25

excl

. 25

to 3

0 ex

cl.

30 to

40

excl

. 40

to 8

1.6

excl

. 81

.6 to

122

.4 e

xcl.

122.

4 to

163

.2 e

xcl.

163.

2 to

244

.8 e

xcl.

244.

8 to

326

.4 e

xcl.

326.

4 to

408

.0 e

xcl.

408.

0 to

489

.6 e

xcl.

489.

6 to

612

.0 e

xcl.

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

4.5

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

Car

bon

Stee

l Pla

tes

Rec

tang

ular

She

ared

Pla

tes

and

Uni

vers

al M

ill P

late

sTo

lera

nces

for T

hick

ness

and

Wei

ght W

hen

Ord

ered

to T

hick

ness

Exce

ss in

Ave

rage

Wei

ght o

f Lot

s* fo

r Wid

ths

Giv

e in

Inch

es, E

xpre

ssed

in P

erce

ntag

es o

f the

Spe

cifie

d W

eigh

ts

Per S

quar

e Fo

ot

Ove

r U

nder

Ove

r U

nder

Ove

r U

nder

Ove

r U

nder

Ove

r U

nder

Ove

r U

nder

Ove

r U

nder

Ove

r U

nder

Ove

r U

nder

Ove

r U

nder

Ove

r U

nder

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

5.0

4.5

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

6.0

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

7.5

6.5

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

9.0

7.0

6.0

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

11.0 8.0

7.5

6.0

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

13.0 9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

-

12.0

11.0 9.0

8.0

7.0

6.5

6.0

5.5

4.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

- 3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

- - - 1.0

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.5

6.0

4.5

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

- - - 3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

K-29

Spec

ified

Th

ickn

ess

in

Inch

es

Spec

ified

W

eigh

t in

Lbs.

pe

r Sq.

Ft.

To

36,

Excl

.

36 to

48

Ex

cl.

48 to

60

, Ex

cl.

60 to

72

, Ex

cl.

84 to

96

, Ex

cl.

96 to

10

8,

Excl

.

108

to

120,

Ex

cl.

120

to

144,

Ex

cl.

144

to

168,

ex

cl.

168

and

Ove

r

Not

e 1:FlatnessTolerancesforLength-T

helongerdimensionspecifiedisconsideredthelength,andvariationinflatnessalongthelengthshouldnotexceedthetabularamountforthespecified

wid

th in

pla

tes

up to

12

feet

in le

ngth

, or i

n an

y 12

feet

or l

onge

r pla

tes.

N

ote

2: FlatnessTolerancesforW

idth-Theflatnessvariationacrossthewidthshouldnotexceedthetabularamountforthespecifiedwidth.

Not

e 3:W

henthelongerdimensionisunder36”,thevariationinflatnessalongthelengthandacrossthewidthshouldnotexceed1/4”ineachdirection.W

henthelongerdimensionisfrom

36”to72”

incl.,theflatnessvariationshouldnotexceed75%ofthetabularamountforthespecifiedwidth,butinnocaselessthan1/4”.

Not

e 4:

Thetolerancesgivenintheabovetableapplytoplateswhichhaveaminimum

specifiedtensilestrengthnotover60,000psiorcom

patiblechemistryorhardness.Forplatesspecifiedtoa

high

er m

inim

um te

nsile

stre

ngth

or c

ompa

tible

che

mis

try o

r har

ness

, the

lim

its g

iven

in th

e ta

ble

are

incr

ease

d to

1 1

/2 ti

mes

the

amou

nt in

the

abov

e ta

ble.

N

ote

5:Theabovetableandnotescovertheflatnesstolerancesofcircularandsketchplates,basedonthemaximum

dimensionsofthoseplates.

To 1

/4 e

xcl.

1/4

to 3

/8, e

xcl.

3/8

to 1

/2 e

xcl.

1/2

to 3

/4, e

xcl.

3/4

to 1

, exc

l. 1

to 2

, exc

l. 2

to 4

, exc

l. 4

to 6

, exc

l,6

to 8

, exc

l.8

to 1

0, e

xcl.

10 to

12,

exc

l. 12

to 1

5, e

xcl.

Car

bon

Stee

l Pla

tes

Rec

tang

ular

She

ared

Pla

tes,

Uni

vers

al M

ill P

late

s an

d C

ircul

ar a

nd S

ketc

h Pl

ates

Flat

ness

Tol

eran

ces

Flat

ness

Tol

eran

ces

for S

peci

fied

Wid

th in

Inch

es

72 to

84

, Ex

cl.

Up

to 1

0.2,

exc

l. 10

.2 to

15.

3, e

xcl.

15.3

to 2

0.4

excl

. 20

.4 to

30.

6 ex

cl.

30.6

to 4

0.8

excl

. 40

.8 to

81.

6 ex

cl.

81.6

to 1

63.2

exc

l. 16

3.2

to 2

44.8

exc

l. 24

4.8

to 3

26.4

exc

l. 32

6.4

to 4

08.0

exc

l. 40

8.0

to 4

89.6

exc

l. 48

9.6

to 6

12.0

exc

l.

9/16 1/2

1/2

7/16

7/16 3/8

5/16 3/8

7/16 1/2

1/2

5/8

3/4

5/8

9/16 1/2

1/2

1/2

3/8

7/16 1/2

1/2

5/8

3/4

15/1

63/

45/

89/

169/

16 1/2

7/16 1/2

1/2

5/8

3/4

13/1

6

1-1/

415

/16

5/8

5/8

5/8

9/16 1/2

1/2

5/8

11/1

613

/16

7/8

1-1/

21-

1/4

7/8

3/4

5/8

5/8

1/2

9/16 3/4

13/1

615

/16

1

1-3/

81-

1/8

3/4

5/8

5/8

9/16 1/2

9/16

11/1

63/

47/

815

/16

1-5/

81-

3/8

1 1 3/4

5/8

1/2

5/8

7/8

7/8 1 1

1-3/

41-

1/2

1-1/

81 7/8

5/8

9/16 3/4

7/8

15/1

61 1

1-7/

81-

5/8

1-1/

41-

1/8

111

/16

5/8

7/8 1 1 1 1

- -1-

7/8

1-1/

21-

3/8

1-1/

87/

87/

8 1 1 1 1

- -2-

1/8

21-

3/4

1-1/

21-

1/8

1 1 1 1 -

K-30

Carbon Steel PlatesMill Edge Plates in Coils and

Cut Lengths of Plates Produced on Strip MillsWidth TolerancesTolerances are over specified width. No tolerances are under.

Up to 14 excl. ............................7/1614 to 17 excl. 1/217 to 19 excl. 9/1619 to 21 excl. .............................5/8 21 to 24 excl. 11/1624 to 26 excl. 13/16

26 to 28 excl. .............................15/1628 to 35 excl. .............................1-1/835 to 50 excl. .............................1-1/450 to 60 excl. .............................1-1/260 to 65 excl. .............................1-5/865 to 70 excl. .............................1-3/4

Specified Width, Inches

WidthTolerance in Inches


WidthTolerance in Inches

70 to 80 excl. .............................1-7/880 and over.................................2

Sheared Plates, Universal Mill Platesand Mill Edge Plates

Width and length tolerances for sheared plates 1-1/2” and under in thickness. Length tolerances for universal mill plates and mill edge tolerances for universal mill plates and mill edge plates 2-1/2” and under in thickness.

SpecifiedDimensions,

Inches

The above tolerances are applicable to all portions of the coil except the uncropped ends. Variation will occur along the length of a hot rolled coil because of differences in character-istics and performance of producing equipment.

Wid

th

Leng

th

Wid

th

Leng

th

Wid

th

Leng

th

Wid

th

Leng

th

Variations over Specified Width and Length for Thicknesses, Inches and

Equivalent Weights GivenUnder

3/83/8 to 5/8,

excl.5/8 to 1,

excl.1 to 2,*

incl.

Under 15.3, lb.

Per sq. ft

15.3 to 25.5, excl.

lb. per sq. ft.

25.5 to 40.8, excl.

lb. per sq. ft.

40.8 to 81.6, incl.

lb. per sq. ft.

Widths Lengths

Under 60 60 to 84, excl. 84 to 108, excl.108 and over



Under 120

120 to

240 excl.

240 to

360, excl.

3/87/161/25/8

3/81/29/165/8

3/81/29/1611/16

1/25/83/47/8

3/43/47/81

111

1-1/8

7/161/25/83/4

1/25/8

11/163/4

1/25/8

11/167/8

5/811/167/81

7/87/8

15/161-1/8

1-1/81-1/81-1/81-1/4

1/25/83/47/8

5/83/4

13/167/8

5/83/47/81

3/47/81

1-1/8

11

1-1/81-1/4

1-1/41-1/41-3/81-3/8

5/83/41

1-1/8

3/47/81

1-1/8

3/47/81

1-1/4

11

1-1/81-1/4

1-1/81-1/41-3/81-3/8

1-1/21-1/21-1/21-3/4

Permissible variation under specified width and length, 1/4 inch.*Length tolerances apply also to U.M. plates up to 12 inches in width for thicknesses over 2 to 2 1/2 inches incl.

K-31

Carbon Steel PlatesSheared Plates, Universal Mill Plates

and Mill Edge PlatesWidth and length tolerances for sheared plates 1-1/2” and under in thickness. Length tolerances for universal mill plates and mill edge tolerances for univer-sal mill plates and mill edge plates 2-1/2” and under in thickness.

Variations over Specified Width and Length for Thicknesses, Inches and

Equivalent Weights Given

SpecifiedDimensions,

Inches

Widths Lengths Wid

th

Leng

th

Wid

th

Leng

th

Wid

th

Leng

th

Wid

th

Leng

th

Permissible variation under specified width and length, 1/4 inch.*Length tolerances apply also to U.M. plates up to 12 inches in width for thicknesses over 2 to 2 1/2 inches incl.

Under 3/8

3/8 to 5/8, excl.

5/8 to 1, excl.

1 to 2,* incl.

Under 15.3, lb.

Per sq. ft.

15.3 to 25.5, excl.

lb. per sq. ft.

25.5 to 40.8, excl.

lb. per sq. ft.

40.8 to 81.6, incl.

lb. per sq. ft.





360to

480, excl.

480to

600, excl

600 to

720, excl.

720, andover

7/161/29/163/4

7/161/25/83/4

1/25/85/87/8

9/163/43/41

1-1/81-1/41-1/41-3/8

1-1/41-3/81-3/81-1/2

1-3/41-3/41-3/41-3/4

2222

1/25/83/47/8

1/25/83/47/8

5/83/43/41

3/47/87/8

1-1/8

1-1/41-3/81-3/81-1/2

1-1/21-1/21-1/21-5/8

1-7/81-7/81-7/8

2

2-1/82-1/82-1/82-3/8

5/83/47/81

5/83/47/81

3/47/87/8

1-1/8

7/811

1-1/4

1-3/81-1/21-1/21-5/8

1-5/81-5/81-5/81-3/4

1-7/81-7/81-7/82-1/4

2-1/42-1/42-1/42-1/2

3/47/81

1-1/4

3/47/81

1-1/4

7/81

1-1/81-1/4

11-1/81-1/41-3/8

1-5/81-5/81-7/81-7/8

1-7/81-7/81-7/81-7/8

2-1/42-1/42-1/42-1/2

2-1/42-3/42-3/4

3

K-32

Carbon Steel PlatesSheared Plates and Gas Cut

Rectangular PlatesUniversal Mill PlatesCamber Tolerances

Note: Camber as it relates to plates is the horizontal edge curvature in the length, mea-sured over the entire length of the plate in the flat position.

Rolled Width Tolerances

Thickness in inches and Equivalent Weights

Widthin

Inches

Tolerances over Specified Width

To 20, excl.20 to 36, excl.36 and over

1/8 3/16 5/16

1/8 1/4 3/8

3/16 5/16 7/16

1/4 3/8 1/2

3/8 7/16 9/16

1/2 9/16 5/8

Tolerances under Specified Width: 1/8”

Gas Cut Rectangular Plates

Width and Length TolerancesTolerances are over for all widths and lengths*.

*These tolerances may be taken all under or divided over and under, if so speci-fied. Plates with universal rolled edges are commonly cut to length only.

Thickness in inches

Wt. In Lbs. Per Sq. Ft.

Width in Inches

Camber Tolerance

To 2, incl.

Over 2 to 15, incl.

Over 2 to 15, incl.

To 81.6, incl.

81.6 to 612.0, incl.

81.6 to 612.0, incl.

All

To 30, incl.

Over 30 to 60, incl.

1/8” x No. of feet of length5



To 3/8, Excl.

3/8 to 5/8, Excl.

5/8 to 1, Excl.

1 to 2, Incl.

Over 2 to 10, Incl.

Over 10 to 15, Incl.

To 15.3 lb.per Sq. Ft.,

Excl.

15.3 to 25.5 lbs. per Sq.

Ft., Excl.

25.5 to40.8 lbs. per Sq. Ft., Excl.

40.8 to 81.6 per Sq. Ft.,

Excl.

Over 81.6 to 408.0 lbs. per Sq. Ft. , Incl.

Over 408.0 to 612.0 lb. Per Sq. Ft., Incl.

Specified Thickness in Inches

Specified Wt. in Lbs., Per Sq. Ft.

Tolerances, Inches

To 2, excl.2 to 4, excl.4 to 6, excl.6 to 8, excl.8 to 15, incl.

Up to 81.6, excl.81.6 to 163.2, excl.163.2 to 244.8, excl.244.8 to 326.4, excl.326.4 to 612.0, incl.

1/25/83/47/81

K-33

Carbon Steel PlatesRolled Floor Plates

Tolerances for Thickness and WeightWhen Ordered To Thickness


Excess in Avg. Wt. of Lots* Expressed in % of nom. Wts.

1/8 to 3/16, excl. 3/16 to 1/4, excl. 1/4 to 5/16, excl. 5/16 to 3/8, excl. 3/8 to 7/16, excl. 7/16 to 1/2, excl. 1/2 to 5/8, excl. 5/8 to 1, incl.

1410 9 8 7 6 5.5 5

Toleranceunderspecifiedthickness,0.01”.Note: Tolerances for overweight for lots of circular and sketch plates are 1-1/4 times the amounts in the above table. Tolerances for overweight for single plates are 1-1/3 times the amounts in the above table. Tolerances for overweight for single circular and sketch plates are 1-2/3 times the amounts in the above table.

Tolerances for WeightWhen Ordered To Weight

Specified Wt. in Lbs. per Sq. Ft.

Tolerances for Avg. Wt of Lots* Expressed in %

of the specified wts. per Sq. Ft.

Up to 3.00 excl. 3.00 to 6.15 excl. 6.15 to 8.70 excl. 8.70 to 11.25 excl. 11.25 to 13.80 excl. 13.80 to 16.35 excl. 16.35 to 18.90 excl. 18.90 to 21.45 excl. 21.45 to 26.55 excl26.55 to 41.85 incl.

Over Under

10865.554.543.532.5

55533332.52.52.5

*The term lot means all the plates of each tabular weight or thickness group represented in each shipment.

Note: Tolerances for overweight for lots of circular and sketch plates are 1-1/4 times the amounts in the above table. Tolerances for overweight for single plates are 1-1/3 times the amounts in the above table. Tolerances for overweight for single circular and sketch plates are 1-2/3 times the amounts in the above table.

K-34

Carbon Steel PlatesRolled Floor Plates

Tolerances for Thickness and Length

Thickness in Inches and Equivalent Weights

5/8 to 1” incl.3/8 to 5/8” incl.Under 3/8”

26.55 to 41.85, incl. lb. per sq.

ft.

16.35 to 26.55, excl. lb. per sq.

ft.

Under 16.35 lb. per sq.

ft.

Specified Length,

Specified Width,

Inches Inches Width Length Width Width LengthLength

Tolerances Over Specified Width and Length

Up to 90,

incl.

Under 120120 to 240, excl. 240 to 360, excl. 360 to 480, excl.

3/83/83/87/16

1/23/41

1-1/4

11-1/81-1/21-5/8

1/25/85/85/8

5/87/8

1-1/81-3/8

7/161/21/21/2

Tolerances Under Specified Width and Length

Thickness 3/16” (8 70 lbs. per sq. ft.) and over 1/4”Thickness under 3/16” 1/8”

Camber Tolerances For Raised Figures

Camberasitrelatestoraisedfiguresisthecurvatureoftheraisedfiguresinthelength direction, measured over the entire length of the plate.

3/8” x Number of feet of length 5

K-35

Spec

ified

Th

ickn

esse

s In

Inch

es48

and

un

der

Ove

r 48

to

60, e

xcl.

60 to

72,

ex

cl.

72 to

84,

ex

cl.

84 to

96,

ex

cl.

96 to

108

, ex

cl.

108

to 1

20,

excl

.12

0 to

132

, ex

cl.

132

to 1

44,

excl

. 14

4 to

168

, ex

cl.

168

and

over

Toleranceunderspecifiedthickness,0.01”.Tolerancesforoverweightforsingleplatesare1-1/3timestheam

ountsintheabovetable.Tolerancesforoverweightforlotsofcircularandsketch

plat

es**

* ar

e 1-

1/4

times

the

amou

nts

in th

e ab

ove

tabl

e. T

oler

ance

s fo

r ove

rwei

ght f

or a

sin

gle

circ

ular

pla

te a

nd a

sin

gle

plat

e ar

e 1-

2/3

times

the

amou

nts

in th

e ab

ove

tabl

e.

*The

term

lot m

eans

all

the

plat

es o

f eac

h ta

bula

r wid

th a

nd th

ickn

ess

grou

p re

pres

ente

d in

eac

h sh

ipm

ent.

**Nom

inalweightinpoundsequalsspecifiedlengthininchesmultipliedbyspecifiedwidthininchesmultipliedbyspecifiedthicknessininchesmultipliedby0.2833.

***S

ketc

h pl

ates

are

pla

tes

havi

ng fo

rms

othe

r tha

n th

ose

of c

ircle

s an

d re

ctan

gles

.

Up

to 1

/4, e

xcl.

1/4

to 5

/16,

exc

l.5/

16 to

3/8

, exc

l. 3/

8 to

7/1

6, e

xcl.

7/16

to 1

/2, e

xcl.

1/2

to 5

/8, e

xcl.

5/8

to 3

/4, e

xcl.

3/4

to 1

, exc

l. 1

to 2

, exc

l. 2

to 3

, exc

l. 3

to 4

, exc

l. 4

to 6

, exc

l. 6

to 8

, exc

l. 8

to 1

0, e

xcl.

10 to

12,

exc

l. 12

to 1

5, e

xcl.

Allo

y St

eel P

late

s

Rec

tang

ular

She

ared

Pla

tes

and

Uni

vers

al M

ill P

late

sTo

lera

nces

for T

hick

ness

and

Wei

ght W

hen

Ord

ered

to T

hick

ness

Exce

ss in

Ave

rage

Wei

ght o

f Lot

s* fo

r Wid

ths

Giv

e in

Inch

es, E

xpre

ssed

in P

erce

ntag

es o

f Nom

inal

Wei

ghts

**

6.0

6.0

5.0

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

2.5

8.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

8.5

5.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.5

10.5 8.5

8.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

12.0

10.5 8.5

8.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

4.5

4.5

4.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

14.0

12.0

10.5 8.5

8.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

16.0

14.0

12.0

10.5 8.5

8.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

18.5

16.5

15.0

13.0

11.0 9.5

8.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

-

19.5

17.0

15.0

13.0

11.0 9.0

8.0

7.0

6.5

4.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

-

-

-

17.0

15.0

13.0

11.0 9.5

8.0

7.0

5.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

K-36

Spec

ified

Th

ickn

esse

s In

Inch

esTo

36,

ex

cl.

36 to

60,

ex

cl.

60 to

84,

ex

cl.

120

to 1

32,

excl

. 84

to 1

20,

excl

.13

2 an

d O

ver

Not

es:1.Toleranceunderspecifiedthickness0.01inch.2.Theabovetolerancesonlyapplywhenthethicknessismeasured3/8inchfrom

thelongitudinaledgesofplates.3.Foroverweight

tole

ranc

es w

hich

lim

it th

e ov

eral

l thi

ckne

ss o

f the

pla

te, s

ee T

able

6.

Ove

r 2 to

3, e

xcl.

3

to 4

, exc

l.

4 to

6, e

xcl.

6

to 8

, exc

l.

8 to

10,

exc

l.

1

0 to

12,

exc

l.

1

2 to

15,

exc

l.

Allo

y St

eel P

late

s

Hot

Rol

led

or T

herm

ally

Tre

ated

Thic

knes

s To

lera

nces

- R

ecta

ngul

ar S

hear

ed P

late

s an

d U

nive

rsal

Mill

Pla

tes

1/16

5/64

3/32

7/64

5/32

11/6

413

/64

3/32

3/32 1/8

1/8

11/3

23/

167/

32

7/64

7/64

9/64

5/32

3/16

15/6

41/

4

1/8

1/8

9/64

5/32

3/16

15/6

49/

32

1/8

1/8

5/32

11/6

47/

3215

/64

9/32

9/64

9/64

11/6

47/

327/

329/

329/

32

Tole

ranc

es O

ver S

peci

fied

Thic

knes

s fo

r Wid

ths

Giv

en, I

nche

s

Cam

ber T

oler

ance

s - S

hear

ed P

late

, Uni

vers

al M

ill P

late

s an

d Sp

ecia

l Cut

or G

as C

ut R

ecta

ngul

ar P

late

sC

ambe

r is

the

grea

test

dev

iatio

n of

a s

ide

edge

from

a s

traig

ht li

ne, t

he m

easu

rem

ent b

eing

take

n on

the

conc

ave

side

with

a s

traig

ht e

dge.

Dim

ensi

ons,

in.

Thic

knes

s

Wid

ths

Cam

ber T

oler

ance

s fo

r Thi

ckne

sses

and

Wid

ths

Giv

en

To 2

, inc

l.

Ove

r 2 to

15,

incl

.

Ove

r 2 to

15,

incl

.

All

To 3

0, in

cl.

Ove

r 30

1/8

in. x

num

ber o

f fee

t of l

engt

h

5

3/16

in. x

num

ber o

f fee

t of l

engt

h

5

1/4

in. x

num

ber o

f fee

t of l

engt

h

5

K-37

Spec

ified

Th

ickn

esse

s In

Inch

es

Spec

ified

w

eigh

t, lb

s.

per s

q. ft

.

To

36,

excl

.

60 to

72

, ex

cl.

72 to

84

, ex

cl.

84 to

96

, ex

cl.

96 to

10

8,

excl

.

108

to

120,

ex

cl.

120

to

144,

ex

cl.

36 to

48

, ex

lc.

144

to

168,

ex

cl.

168

and

over

Not

es:

1.FlatnessTolerancesforLength.Thelongerdimensionspecifiedisconsideredthelength,andvariationsfrom

aflatsurfacealongthelengthshouldnotexceedthetabularamountforthespecified

wid

th in

pla

tes

up to

12

feet

in le

ngth

, or i

n an

y 12

feet

of l

onge

r pla

tes.

2.FlatnessTolerancesforW

idth.Theflatnessvariationacrossthewidthshouldnotexceedthetabularamountforthespecifiedwidth.

3. W

hen

the

long

er d

imen

sion

is u

nder

36

inch

es, t

he v

aria

tion

shou

ld n

ot e

xcee

d 3/

8 in

. W

hen

the

larg

er d

imen

sion

is fr

om 3

6 to

72

inch

es in

clus

ive,

the

varia

tion

shou

ld n

ot e

xcee

d 75

per

cent

of

thetabularamountforthespecifiedwidth.

4.Theabovetableandnotescoverthetolerancesforflatnessofcircularandsketchplates,basedonthemaximum

dimensionsoftheseplates.

To 1

/4, e

xcl.

1/4

to 3

/8, e

xcl.

3/8

to 1

/2, e

xcl.

1/2

to 3

/4, e

xcl.

3/4

to 1

, exc

l. 1

to 2

, exc

l. 2

to 4

, exc

l. 4

to 6

, exc

l. 6

to 8

, exc

l. 8

to 1

0, e

xcl.

10 to

12,

exc

l. 12

to 1

5, e

xcl.

Allo

y St

eel P

late

s

Hot

Rol

led

or T

herm

ally

Tre

ated

Flat

ness

Tol

eran

ces

- Rec

tang

ular

Pla

tes,

Uni

vers

al M

ill P

late

s, a

nd C

ircul

ar a

nd S

ketc

h Pl

ates

To 1

0.2,

exc

l. 10

.2 to

15.

3, e

xcl.

15.3

to 2

0.4,

exc

l. 20

.4 to

30.

6, e

xcl.

30.6

to 4

0.8,

exc

l. 40

.8 to

81.

6, e

xcl.

81.6

to 3

26.4

, exc

l. 32

6.4

to 2

44.8

, exc

l. 24

4.6

to 3

26.4

, 32

6.4

to 4

18, e

xcl.

418

to 4

89.6

, exc

l. 48

9.6

to 6

12, e

xcl.

13/1

63/

43/

45/

85/

89/

16 1/2

9/16 5/8

3/4

3/4

7/8

1-1/

815

/16

7/8

3/4

3/4

5/8

9/16

11/1

63/

413

/16

15/1

61

1-3/

81-

1/8

15/1

613

/16

7/8

3/4

11/1

63/

43/

415

/16

1-1/

81-

3/16

1-7/

81-

3/8

15/1

67/

87/

813

/16

3/4

3/4

15/1

61

1-1/

41-

5/16

2-1/

41-

7/8

1-1/

21-

1/8

115

/16

3/4

7/8

1-1/

81-

1/4

1-3/

81-

1/2

2-3/

82

1-1/

21-

1/4

1-1/

81 3/4

15/1

61-

1/4

1-5/

161-

1/2

1-1/

2

2-5/

82-

1/4

1-5/

81-

3/8

1-5/

16 1 7/8

1-1/

81-

5/16

1-3/

81-

1/2

1-1/

2

2-3/

42-

3/8

1-7/

81-

5/8

1-1/

21 1

1-1/

41-

1/2

1-1/

21-

1/2

1-1/

2

- -2-

3/4

2-1/

42

1-5/

81-

1/4

1-1/

41-

1/2

1-1/

21-

1/2

1-1/

2

- -3-

1/8

32-

5/8

2-1/

41-

5/8

1-1/

21-

1/2

1-1/

21-

1/2

1-1/

2

Flatnessdenotesthedeviationofthetoporbottomsurfacefrom

ahorizontalplanewhentheplateisrestingonaflatsurface.Thistableshow

flatnesstolerances

whenflatnessismeasuredinthelengthdirectionandalsowhentheflatnessismeasuredinthewidthdirection,asexplainedinNotes1to4incl.

Flat

ness

tole

ranc

es fo

r spe

cifie

d w

idth

s, in

ches

48 to

60

, ex

cl.

21-

3/4

1-1/

81

15/1

67/

83/

47/

8 11-

1/8

1-5/

161-

3/8/

2

K-38

Flat

ness

To

lera

nce

from

Pr

evio

us T

able

s

Allo

y St

eel P

late

s

Rec

tang

ular

Pla

tes,

Uni

vers

al M

ill P

late

s an

d C

ircul

ar a

nd S

ketc

h Pl

ates

Wav

ines

s To

lera

nces

1/2

9/16 5/8

11/1

63/

413

/16

7/8

15/1

61

1-1/

81-

1/4

1-1/

31-

1/2

1-5/

81-

3/4

1-7/

82

2-1/

82-

1/4

2-3/

82-

1/2

2-5/

82-

3/4

2-7/

83

3-1/

8

Wavinessdenotesthedeviationofthetoporbottomsurfacefrom

ahorizontalline,whentheplateisrestingonaflatsurface,asmeasuredinanincrem

entofless

than12feetoflength.Thewavinesstoleranceisafunctionoftheflatnesstoleranceasobtainedfromprevioustables.

Whe

n N

umbe

r of W

aves

is 1

2 ft.

is:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1/2

9/16 5/8

11/1

63/

413

/16

7/8

15/1

61

1-1/

81-

1/4

1-1/

31-

1/2

1-5/

81-

3/4

1-7/

82

2-1/

82-

1/4

2-3/

82-

1/2

2-5/

82-

3/4

2-7/

83

3-1/

8

3/8

7/16 1/2

1/2

9/16 5/8

11/1

611

/16

3/4

7/8

15/1

61-

1/16

1-1/

81-

1/4

1-5/

161-

7/16

1-1/

21-

5/8

1-11

/16

1-13

/16

1-7/

82

2-1/

162-

3/16

2-1/

42-

3/8

5/16

5/16 3/8

3/8

7/16

7/16 1/2

1/2

9/16 5/8

11/1

63/

47/

815

/16

11-

1/16

1-1/

81-

3/16

1-1/

41-

5/16

1-7/

161-

1/2

1-9/

161-

5/8

1-11

/16

1-3/

4

3/16 1/4

1/4

5/16

5/16

5/16 3/8

3/8

7/16 1/2

1/2

9/16 5/8

11/1

63/

413

/16

7/8

7/8

1-5/

16 11-

1/16

1-1/

81-

1/8

1-3/

161-

1/4

1-5/

16

3/16

3/16

3/16

3/16 1/4

1/4

1/4

5/16

5/16 3/8

3/8

7/16 1/2

1/2

9/16

9/16 5/8

11/1

611

/16

3/4

13/1

613

/16

7/8

15/1

615

/16

1

1/8

1/8

1/8

3/16

3/16

3/16

3/16 1/4

1/4

1/4

5/16

5/16 3/8

3/8

7/16

7/16 1/2

1/2

9/16

9/16

9/16 5/8

5/8

11/1

611

/16

3/4

1/16 1/8

1/8

1/8

1/8

1/8

1/8

3/16

3/16

3/16 1/4

1/4

1/4

5/16

5/16

5/16 3/8

3/8

3/8

7/16

7/16

7/16 1/2

1/2

9/16

9/16

K-39

Mec

hani

cal P

rope

rtie

s of

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Mec

hani

cal P

rope

rtie

s

Typi

cal H

ardn

ess

AIS

I N

umbe

rSA

E

Num

ber

Mat

eria

lTe

nsile

St

reng

th k

siYi

eld

Stre

ngth

ksi

Elon

gatio

n in

2”

%R

educ

atio

n of

A

rea

%

Mac

hina

bilit

y %

of

CD

121

2B

HN

Roc

kwel

l

303

304

304L

309

316

316L

321

416

420

430

440F

Se

630

(17-

4)

3030

330

304

3030

4L30

309

3031

6

3031

6L30

321

5141

651

420

5143

051

440F

Se

-

*Ann

eale

d B

ar*A

nnea

led

Bar

*She

et/P

late

*She

et/P

late

*She

et*A

nnea

led

Bar

*She

et/P

late

*She

et/P

late

*She

et

Ann

eale

d B

arA

nnea

led

Bar

She

etA

nnea

led

Bar

Con

d-A

-Bar

Con

d-H

900

Bar

Con

d-H

1025

Bar

85/9

580

/90

75 m

in70

min

75 m

in75

/90

75 m

in70

min

75 m

in10

0 m

ax80

/100

95 65 m

in10

0/12

015

020

017

0

30/4

030

/40

30 m

in25

min

30 m

in30

/40

30 m

in25

min

30 m

in

55/6

550 30

min

60/7

011

018

516

5

45/5

555

/65

40 m

in40

min

40 m

in40

/50

40 m

in40

min

40 m

in

15/2

525 20

min

10/1

56/

1514 15

50/6

065

/75

- - - 60/7

0- - - 40

/50

55 - 20/3

030

/60

50 56

160/

180

150/

180

202

max

183

max

217

max

150/

180

217

max

217

max

217

max

190/

220

195

183

max

200/

260

321

415

352

B83

/95

B80

/90

B92

max

B88

Max

B95

max

B80

/90

B95

max

B95

max

B95

max

B90

/95

B92

B88

max

B94

/C25

C35

C44

C38

73 45 - - - 40 - - - 90 55 - 48 45

*May

be

slig

htly

mag

netic

whe

n co

ld w

orke

d.

K-40

Rela

tive

Corr

osio

n Re

sist

ance

Type

430

, 304

, and

316

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

* S

ubje

ct to

pitt

ing.

Corr

osiv

e M

edia

Conc

entra

tion

%

Tem

p.

FSt

ainl

ess

Stee

l43

0

304

3

16Co

rros

ive

Med

iaCo

ncen

tratio

n%

Te

mp.

F

Stai

nles

s St

eel

430

3

04

316

Ace

tic A

cid

Ace

tic A

nhyd

ride

Ace

tone

Ace

tyel

enA

lcoh

ol-E

thyl

(Eth

anol

)A

lcoh

ol-M

ethy

l (M

etha

nol)

Alu

m (P

otas

sium

Alu

min

um S

ulfa

te)

Alu

min

um A

ceta

te

Alu

min

um C

hlor

ide

Alu

m (C

hrom

e)A

lum

inum

Hyd

roxi

de

5-10 20 80 80 90 90 60 30

2 an

d 10

2 an

d 10

Sat

.S

atur

ated

10 a

nd 2

55

180

180

70B

oilin

g70

Boi

ling

180

180

Boi

ling

7070

-Boi

ling

70 150

70B

oilin

g70

-212

70 70 70

The

follo

win

g da

ta a

re b

ased

on

obse

rvat

ions

from

labo

rato

ry te

sts

and

serv

ice

expe

rienc

e. B

ecau

se o

f the

effe

ct o

f ser

vice

exp

osur

e va

riabl

es o

n co

rros

ion

resi

stan

ce, t

he d

ate

mus

t be

used

with

cau

tion,

onl

y as

gen

eral

gui

des

to c

orro

sion

resi

stan

ce.

Expl

anat

ion

of R

atin

gs:

A - S

atis

fact

ory

for u

se in

med

ia s

tipul

ated

. B

- S

light

to m

oder

ate

atta

ck; d

eser

ving

of c

onsi

dera

tion

for s

ome

uses

. C

- C

orro

sive

atta

ck g

ener

ally

too

high

to w

arra

nt c

onsi

dera

tion.

(E

ven

here

ther

e m

ay b

e oc

casi

ons

whe

n it

is m

ore

econ

omic

al to

use

sta

inle

ss

A B B C B C - - A A A A A B* C B* - C - A

A A A B A C A C A A A A A A*

A*

A* A C A A

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B A A

Alu

min

um

Alu

min

um S

ulfa

teA

mm

onia

Anh

ydro

us

Am

mon

ium

Bic

arbo

nate

Am

mon

ium

Car

bona

te

Am

mon

ium

Chl

orid

e

Am

mon

ium

Nitr

ate

Am

mon

ium

Oxa

late

Am

mon

ium

Per

sulfa

teA

mm

oniu

m S

ulfa

te

Am

mon

ium

Sul

fite

10 a

nd S

atur

ated

Any

Con

c.A

nhyd

rous

Gas

1 an

d 5

Stil

lA

erat

ed o

r Agi

tate

d10 20

All

Con

c.-A

gita

ted

5 51

and

5A

giat

ed a

ndA

erat

ed10

Sat

urat

ed

Mol

ten

70-2

1270

-212

70to

600

70 a

nd H

ot

70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 68B

oilin

gC

old

and

Boi

ling

C C A A A - A A B* - A A A A B* - -

C A A A A A A A - A* A A A A B* C B

C A A A A A A A A*

A* A A A A A A* A

K-41

Rela

tive

Corr

osio

n Re

sist

ance

Type

430

, 304

, and

316

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

* S

ubje

ct to

pitt

ing.

Corr

osiv

e M

edia

Conc

entra

tion

%

Tem

p.

FSt

ainl

ess

Stee

l43

0

304

3

16Co

rros

ive

Med

iaCo

ncen

tratio

n%

Te

mp.

F

Stai

nles

s St

eel

430

3

04

316

Ani

line

Ani

line

Hyd

roch

lorid

eA

myl

Ace

tate

Am

yl C

hlor

ide

Ars

enic

Aci

d

Ars

enio

us A

cid

Bar

ium

Car

bona

teB

ariu

m C

hlor

ide

Bar

ium

Nitr

ate

Bar

ium

Sul

fate

Bar

ium

Sul

fide

Bee

rB

enze

neB

enzo

ic A

cid

Blo

od (M

eat J

uice

s)B

orax

Bor

deau

x M

ixtu

reB

oric

Aci

d

Bro

min

e an

d B

rom

ine

Wat

erB

utyr

ic A

cid

But

yl A

ceta

te

70 60 70 70 150

225

70 70 Hot

Hot 70 70 70 70 70 Col

dH

ot

Hot

Boi

ling

7070

+150

A C A B - - B A A* - - A A - A A A* A - A B C A A

A C A A A B A A A* A A A A A A A A A A A A C A A

A C A A A - A A A A* A A A A A A A A A A A C A A

Cal

cium

Car

bona

teC

alci

um C

hlor

ate

Cal

cium

Hyd

roxi

deC

alci

um H

ypoc

hlor

iteC

alci

um S

ulfa

teC

arbo

nate

d B

ever

ages

Car

bon

Bis

ulfid

eC

arbo

n M

onox

ide

Gas

Car

bon

Tetra

chlo

ride

Car

boni

c A

cid

Chl

orac

etic

Aci

dC

hlor

benz

ene

Chl

oric

Aci

dC

hlor

ine

Chl

orof

orm

Chr

omic

Aci

d

Citr

ic A

cid

Dil.

Sol

. 10

, 20

10S

atur

ated

CP

Com

mer

cial

M

oist

at

Hig

h Te

mp.

Sat

urat

ed

Con

c. P

ure

Dry

Gas

Moi

st G

asG

as (D

ry)

5 an

d 10

50 C

P50

CP

5, S

till

15

7070

and

Hot

Boi

ling

70 70 7076

0 an

d87

070

+Boi

l70 - 70 70 70 70 70 70 21

270 70 70

Boi

ling

70 a

nd 1

5070

and

Boi

ling

A A - B* A A A A A A* C A C A C B C C A B* C C A A

A A A B* A A A A A A* C A C A C B C B A A*

A* C A A

A A A A* A A A A A A C A B A C B C B A A A A A A

3, C

onc.

Cru

de

Anh

ydro

usA

nhyd

rous

5 o

r Sat

.A

queo

usS

ol.

Aqu

esou

sS

ol.

5 5S

atur

ated

5

K-42

Rela

tive

Corr

osio

n Re

sist

ance

Type

430

, 304

, and

316

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

* S

ubje

ct to

pitt

ing.

**S

ubje

ct to

atta

ck w

hen

H2S

O, i

s pr

esen

t

Corr

osiv

e M

edia

Conc

entra

tion

%

Tem

p.

FSt

ainl

ess

Stee

l43

0

304

3

16Co

rros

ive

Med

iaCo

ncen

tratio

n%

Te

mp.

F

Stai

nles

s St

eel

430

3

04

316

Citr

ic A

cid

Coc

a-C

ola

Syr

upC

oppe

r Ace

tate

Cop

per C

arbo

nate

Cop

per C

hlor

ide

Cop

per C

yani

deC

oppe

r Nitr

ate

Cop

per S

ulfa

teC

reos

ote

Cre

osot

e +

3% S

alt

Cre

sylic

Aci

dC

yano

gen

Gas

Din

itroc

hlor

oben

zene

Eps

om S

alts

Eth

er (E

thyl

)E

thyl

Ace

tate

Eth

yl C

hlor

ide

Eth

ylen

e C

hlor

ide

Boi

ling

284

70 70 70 70B

oilin

g

70 Hot

70-1

50H

ot 70 70H

ot a

ndC

old

70 70 70 70

C - A A A A* C C A A B** - - - - A A A A A -

C C A A A A* C A A A A A C A A A A A A A A

B A A A A A* C A A A A A - A A A A A A A A

Eth

ylen

e G

lyco

lFa

tty A

cids

Ferr

ic C

hlor

ide

Ferr

ic H

ydro

xide

Ferr

ic N

itrat

eFe

rric

Sul

fate

Ferr

ous

Sul

fate

Fluo

rine

Form

alde

hyde

Form

ic A

cid

Frui

t Jui

ces

Furfu

ral

Gal

lic A

cid

Gel

atin

eG

lue

Gly

cerin

eH

ydro

brom

ic A

cid

Hyd

roch

loric

Aci

d

Con

c.

All

Con

c.

All

Con

c.

All

Con

c.

10S

atur

ated

Dry 40 5 5

10-5

010

-50

100

100

Dry

or N

eut.

Sol

. A

cid

Sol

.

All

Con

c.

70 7070

and

Boi

ling

70 70 7070

+ B

oil

70 70 70 150

70 70B

oilin

g70

Boi

ling

70 7070

+150

7070

+150

70 70

A A C - A A - - A A B A B C - - A - A A A - A C C

A A C A A A A A A A A A A C A - A A A A A B* A C C

A A C A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A B* A C C

Sat

urat

ed5

(as

45 p

si)

Sat

. Sol

. S

at. S

ol. i

n50

% N

H4O

H1,

Agi

tate

d or

Aer

ated

5, A

erat

edS

at. S

ol.

1-5

Agi

tate

d or

Aer

ated

50 A

queo

usA

ll C

onc.

Mel

ted

and

Sol

idifi

ed

Dry

Dry

K-43

Rela

tive

Corr

osio

n Re

sist

ance

Type

430

, 304

, and

316

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

* S

ubje

ct to

pitt

ing.

Corr

osiv

e M

edia

Conc

entra

tion

%

Tem

p.

FSt

ainl

ess

Stee

l43

0

304

3

16Co

rros

ive

Med

iaCo

ncen

tratio

n%

Te

mp.

F

Stai

nles

s St

eel

430

3

04

316

Hyd

rocy

anic

Aci

dH

ydro

fluor

ic A

cid

Hyd

roge

n P

erox

ide

Hyd

roge

n S

ulfid

e

Ink

Iodi

ne S

olut

ions

Idof

orm

Lact

ic A

cid

Lins

eed

Oil

Mag

nesi

um C

arbo

nate

Mag

nesi

um C

hlor

ide

Mag

nesi

um S

ulfa

te

Mag

nesi

um H

ydro

xide

Mag

nesi

um N

itrat

eM

alic

Aci

d

May

onna

ise

Mer

curic

Chl

orid

e

Aci

d-Fr

eeW

etD

ry 1 5 5 10 10 10

1, 5

Stil

l10

-30

Sat

urat

ed

Dil.

Sol

.

70 70 70 70

70+B

oil.

70B

oilin

g70 15

0B

oilin

g70 70 68 70

Hot

and

C

old

Hot

and

C

old

70

B C A C A - C - A A B C - C A A A* - C A A A - - C

A C A A* A A* C A A A A A B C A A A*

A*

A* A A A A A* C

A C A A* A A C A A A A A B B A A A* - A* A A A A A* C

Mer

curic

Cya

nide

Mer

curo

us N

itrat

eM

ercu

ryM

ethy

l Chl

orid

eM

ilk-F

resh

or S

our

Mix

ed A

cids

Nap

htha

Cru

de o

r Pur

eN

icke

l Chl

orid

e S

ol.

Nic

kel N

itrat

eN

icke

l Sul

fate

E

lect

ropl

atin

g S

olut

ion

Nitr

ic A

cid

Dry

15 H

2SO

4+ 5

HN

O3

30 H

2SO

4+ 5

HN

O3

58 H

2SO

4+40

HN

O3

58 H

2SO

4+40

HN

O3

70 H

2SO

4+10

HN

O3

10 H

2SO

4+90

HN

O3

5-50 70

Hot

or C

old

230

230

203

230

203

Boi

ling

70 70 70B

oilin

g70

Boi

ling

- A A - A - - - - - - A C A - A C A C

A A A A A A A A C A A A C A A A A A B

A A A A A A A A C A A A A* A A A A A -

K-44

Rela

tive

Corr

osio

n Re

sist

ance

Type

430

, 304

, and

316

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Corr

osiv

e M

edia

Conc

entra

tion

%

Tem

p.

FSt

ainl

ess

Stee

l43

0

304

3

16Co

rros

ive

Med

iaCo

ncen

tratio

n%

Te

mp.

F

Stai

nles

s St

eel

430

3

04

316

Nitr

ic A

cid

Nitr

ous

Aci

d

Oils

, Cru

deO

ils, V

eget

able

s an

d M

iner

alO

leic

Aci

d

Oxa

lic A

cid

Par

affin

Phe

nol

Pho

spho

ric A

cid

* S

ubje

ct to

pitt

ing.

**

Sub

ject

to a

ttack

whe

n H

2SO

, is

pres

ent

Fum

ing

Con

c.Fu

min

gC

onc.

5 5 1010

and

50

CP

+ 1

0W

ater

Cru

deC

rude

Com

mer

cial

1 an

d 5

10 A

ir-Fr

ee10

Aer

ated

70

Boi

ling

70H

ot a

nd

Col

d

70 400

300

Hot

and

C

old

70B

oilin

gH

ot a

nd

Col

d

Boi

ling

212

Boi

ling

7070

and

B

oilin

g70 70

A C A A

** A** A - B* A B C A A A - A* A C A

A C A A

**

A** A C - A A C A A A A A* A A A

A C A A

** A** A A - A A C A A A A A A A A

Pho

spho

rous

Tric

hlor

ide

Pho

togr

aphi

c D

evel

oper

s

Hyp

o S

olut

ions

Pic

ric A

cid

Pot

assi

um B

ichr

omat

eP

otas

sium

Bro

mid

eP

otas

sium

Car

bona

te

Pot

assi

um C

hlor

ide

Pot

assi

um C

yani

deP

otas

sium

Fer

ricya

nide

Pot

assi

um F

erro

cyan

ide

Pot

assi

um H

ydro

xide

Pot

assi

um Io

dide

Pot

assi

um N

itrat

e

Pot

assi

um O

xala

teP

otas

sium

Per

man

gana

teP

otas

sium

Sul

fate

Pot

assi

um T

hioc

yana

teP

yrog

allic

Aci

dP

yrol

igne

ous

Aci

d

1 an

d 5

Agi

tate

d or

A

erat

ed

5 55

Agi

tate

d or

A

erat

ed27

and

50

5

Con

c.

70 70

70 a

nd

Boi

ling

70

70 a

nd

Boi

ling

70 70B

oilin

g

70 a

nd

Boi

ling

7070

and

B

oilin

g70

- - - A A - A A* A A* - A - C A A A A B* A -

A A A* A A A* A A* A A A A A A A A A A A A A

A A A* A A A* A A* A A*

A* A A A A A A A A A A

K-45

Rela

tive

Corr

osio

n Re

sist

ance

Type

430

, 304

, and

316

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Corr

osiv

e M

edia

Conc

entra

tion

%

Tem

p.

FSt

ainl

ess

Stee

l43

0

304

3

16Co

rros

ive

Med

iaCo

ncen

tratio

n%

Te

mp.

F

Stai

nles

s St

eel

430

3

04

316

Ros

inS

ea W

ater

Sew

age

Silv

er B

rom

ide

Silv

er C

hlor

ide

Silv

er C

yani

de

Ele

ctro

plat

ing

Sol

utio

nS

ilver

Nitr

ate

Soa

psS

odiu

m A

ceta

teS

odiu

m B

icar

bona

teS

odiu

m B

ichr

omat

eS

odiu

m B

isul

fate

Sod

ium

Bor

ate

Sod

ium

Bro

mid

eS

odiu

m C

arbo

nate

Sod

ium

Chl

orat

eS

odiu

m C

hlor

ide

Sod

ium

Citr

ate

Sod

ium

Flu

orid

eS

odiu

m H

ydro

xide

Sod

ium

Hyp

ochl

orite

Sod

ium

Hyp

osul

fite

Sod

ium

Lac

tate

Sod

ium

Nitr

ate

Sod

ium

Nitr

iteS

odiu

m P

erox

ide

Sod

ium

Pho

spha

te

(Trib

asic

)S

odiu

m S

ulph

ate

Sod

ium

Sul

fide

Sod

ium

Sul

fite

Sod

ium

Sal

icyl

ate

Stan

nic

Chl

orid

e So

lutio

n

Ste

am, C

O2 a

nd A

irS

tear

ic A

cid

* S

ubje

ct to

pitt

ing.

**

Sub

ject

to a

ttack

whe

n H

2SO

, is

pres

ent

Moi

stA

ll C

oncs

.

10S

atur

ated

5-50

10 a

nd 2

5A

ll C

onc.

50 40M

olte

n

Mol

ten

70 70

68 a

nd 2

12

70 a

nd

Boi

ling

70 70B

oilin

g60

0

A B*

- C C - A A A*

A A - - A - A A A*

A B*

A B C

A A*

A**

B C A A A A*

A A A C A A A A A*

A A*

A A B

A A*

A**

A*

C A A A A A A A - A A A A A*

A A*

A A A

5, S

till

Sat

urat

ed

Sat

urat

ed

5, S

at.

Sat

urat

edC

onc.

5 an

d S

at.

50 5 1025

, 50

Sat

urat

ed

Con

c.

70 70 670

Fuse

d 70 21

2

70 70B

oilin

g70 70 19

470 15

0B

oilin

g70 20

070

or

Boi

ling

176

and

200

B*

- B**

- B A - - A A C B A*

C B - C A A C - A

A*

B*

A**

A A A A A A A A A A*

A*

A A A A A C A A

A B**

A*

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A C A A

K-46

* S

ubje

ct to

pitt

ing.

Rela

tive

Corr

osio

n Re

sist

ance

Type

430

, 304

, and

316

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

The

data

pre

sent

ed h

erei

n is

not

inte

nded

for s

peci

ficat

ion

purp

oses

, and

sho

uld

be c

onsi

dere

d as

typi

cal o

r ave

rage

val

ues

only

. A

pplic

atio

ns s

ugge

sted

for t

he m

ater

i-al

s de

scrib

ed a

re m

ade

sole

ly to

allo

w th

e re

ader

to m

ake

his

own

eval

uatio

n, a

nd a

re n

ot to

be

cons

trued

as

war

rant

ies,

eith

er li

mite

d or

exp

ress

, of f

itnes

s fo

r the

se o

r ot

her a

pplic

atio

ns.

Corr

osiv

e M

edia

Conc

entra

tion

%

Tem

p.

FSt

ainl

ess

Stee

l43

0

304

3

16Co

rros

ive

Med

iaCo

ncen

tratio

n%

Te

mp.

F

Stai

nles

s St

eel

430

3

04

316

Suc

cini

c A

cid

Sug

ar J

uice

Sul

fur

Sul

fur C

hlor

ide

Sul

fur D

ioxi

de

Sul

furic

Aci

d

Sul

furo

us A

cid

Syr

upTa

nnic

Aci

d

Tann

ic A

cid

Tarta

ric A

cid

Tin

Tom

ato

Juic

eTr

ichl

oret

hyle

neTr

ichl

orac

etic

Aci

dTu

ng O

ilU

ric A

cid

Var

nish

Veg

etab

le J

uice

sV

ineg

ar

Zinc

Zinc

Chl

orid

e

Zinc

Sul

fate

Gas

Moi

stG

as D

ry5,

Aer

ated

10 A

erat

ed

50 A

erat

ed

90 A

erat

edFu

min

gS

atur

ated

10 10

Mol

ten

500,

M

olte

n

70 575

70B

oilin

g70

Boi

ling

70B

oilin

g70 70 70 - 68

Boi

ling

- A A C C A C - C C C C C - C - - -

50 10 Dry

Con

c.

Stil

l, A

gita

ted

or

Aer

ated

5 S

till

5 or

Sat

.25

68 a

nd B

oilin

g70

and

150

Mol

ten

68

70

70-H

ot

70M

olte

n70

and

B

oilin

g70

Boi

ling

- A C - A C - A A A A C C A -

A A C A A C A A A A A C A*

A A

A A C A A C A A A A A C A*

A A

K-47

Mechanical Properties of Aluminum

Typical Properties for Comparison Only

Alloy and

TemperUltimate Yield 1/16” Thick 1/2” Thick Brinell

Harndess*

Ultimate Shear

Strength KSI

Endurance1

Limit, KSI

Mod.2 of

Elast. KSLx103

Tension

StrengthKSI

% Elong. in 2”

1060-01060-H121060-H141060-H161060-H18

1100-01100-H121100-H141100-H161100-H18

1350-01350-H121350-H141350-H161350-H19

2011-T32011-T8

2014-02014-T4, T4512014-T6, T651

2017-02017-T4, 451

2018-T61

2024-0224-T32024-T4, T3512024-T3615

2025-T6

2036-T4

2117-T4

2124-T851

2218-T72

2219-02219-T422219-T31 T3512219-T372219-T622219-T81 T8512219-T87

2618-T61

3003-03003-H123003-H143003-H163003-H18

101214161913161821241214161827555927627026626127706872584943704825525257606669641619222629

41113151851517202241214162443451442602040461150475737282464371127364642515754618212527

431612863512965-------------

20182013-

24---

18201711101010-

3010854

-----

4525201715-3----4

151218201322221222-

19-

19-

2781-------

104020161410

19232630352328323844-----

95100451051354510512047120120130110

-70-

95-------

1152835404755

78910119101112138910111532351838421838391841414235-

28-

30-------

381112141516

345

6.56.556799----718181320181318171320201818186

14------

151515187891010

10.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.210.210.610.610.610.510.510.810.610.610.610.610.410.310.310.610.810.610.610.610.610.610.610.610.810.010.010.010.010.0

K-48

Mechanical Properties of Aluminum, Continued

Alloy and


Harndess*

Ultimate Shear

Strength KSI

Endurance1

Limit, KSI

Mod.2 of

Elast. KSLx103

Tension

StrengthKSI

% Elong. in 2”

3004-03004-H323004-H343004-H363004-H38

3105-03105-H123105-H143105-H163105-H183105-H25

4032-T6

5005-05005-H125005-H145005-H165005-H185005-H325005-H345005-H365005-H38

5050-05050-H325050-H345050-H365050-H38

5052-05052-H325052-H345052-H365052-H38

5056-05056-H185056-H38

5083-05083-H321, H116

5086-05086-H32, H1165086-H345086-H112

5154-05154-H325154-H345154-H365154-H385154-H112

5252-H255252-H38, H28

5254-05254-H325254-H345254-H365254-H385254-H112

5454-05454-H32

2631353841172225283126551820232629202326292125283032283338404242636042463842473935394245483534413539424548353640

1025293336819222528234661922252817202427821242629132831353722595021331730371917303336391725351730333639171730

20109552475438-

25106541186524987625121087-----

221210142715131210251152715131210252210

25171296------9--------------

3018141083510151216--------------------

1617182021121415161715381114141516141415161517181920182021232426343225-

23-

27-

2222242628-

21232222242628-

2324

4552637077------

12028----

364146513646535863476068737765105100

------

58677378808368755867737880636273

1415151616------

16---------

12131314141617181920202222-

23----

171819202117--

171819202117--

10.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.011.410.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.210.210.210.210.210.310.310.310.310.310.310.310.310.310.210.210.210.210.210.210.010.010.210.210.210.210.210.210.210.2

K-49

1. Basedon 500,000,000 cycles of completely reversed stress using the R.R. Moore type of machine and specimen. 2. Average of tension and compression moduli. Compression modulus is about 2% greater than tension modulus. 3. 135-0 wire will have an elongation of approximately 23% in 10 inches. 4. 1350-H19 wire will have an elongation of approx. 1-1/2% in 10 inches. 5. Tempers T361 and T861 were formerly designated T36 and T86.6. Based on a 107cyclesusingflexuraltypetestingofsheetspecimens.

*500 kg load; 100mm ball.

Mechanical Properties of Aluminum, Continued

Alloy and


Harndess*

Ultimate Shear

Strength KSI

Endurance1

Limit, KSI

Mod.2 of

Elast. KSLx103

Tension

StrengthKSI

% Elong. in 2”

5454-H345454-H1115454-H112

5456-05456-H1125456-H321, H116

5457-05457-H255457-H321, H28

5652-05653-H325653-H345653-H365652-H38

5657-H255657-H38, H28

6061-06061-T4, T4516061-T6, T651

6063-06063-T16063-T46063-T56063-T66063-T836063-T8316063-T832

6066-06066-T4, T4516066-T6, T651

6070-T6

6101-H1116101-T6

6262-T9

6463-T16463-T56463-T6

7075-07075-T6, T651

7178-07178-T6, T6517178-T76, T7651

443836454551192630283338404223281835451322252735373042225257551432582227353383338883

352618232437723271328313537202482140713132131352739123052511128551321311573157873

101418---

2212625121087127252212-

2022121291012---

10-

15-

20121217111510-

---

242216---

301814108--

302517--------

181812---

10---

1611161111

262323--

30121618182021232414151224301014-

172222182714293434-

20351417222248---

817062--

90324855476068737740503065952542-

60738270954390120

--

7112042607460150

---

---------

1617181920--9141489-

1010-----

1614--

13101010-

23---

10..210.210.210.310.310.310.010.010.010.210.210.210.210.210.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.010.410.410.410.410.3

K-50

Standard Manufacturing Tolerances

Wide Flange Shapes

Beam Size

Over Theoretical

Under Theoretical

Depth

Over Theoretical

Under Theoretical

Flange Width Flanges Out of Square Maximum

ASTM

≤12”> 12” to 18”> 18”

.125

.125

.125

.125

.125

.125

.250

.250

.250

.188

.188

.188

.250

.313

.313

Webb Off Center Max ASTM

Maximum Depth at any Cross Section Over Theoretical

ASTMAll .188

(ASTM max allowable on isolated conditions)(i.e. start ups and end condition)

.250

Over Theoretical

Under Theoretical

Web Thickness* Flange Thickness* Flange Width* Difference Over

Theoretical Under

Theoretical Run Max.

ALL .30 .30 .30 .30 1/2 tol. .20/in of flangewidth

Web Bow Bucked Web, Wavey Web Wavey Flange

≤14”> 14” to < 18”> 21”

.062

.080

.100

No more than one every 4 ft.

Flange width ≥8”< 8

.062 one per 10’

.031 one per 10’

Flange Bow1%offlangewidth

Example:Flange width = 8.00”

8.00 x 1% = .080

Camber Weight Per Foot

ALL 1/8 in. X (number of feet of total +/- 2.5% length / 10)

Sweep

Flange Width< 6” 1/8 in x (number of feet of total length / 5)

≥ 1/8inx(numberoffeet of total length / 10)

Length Over Under

2” 0”

K-51


Hot Rolled Carbon Steel BarsRounds, Squares and Round Cornered Squares

Size, Out-of-Round or Out-of-Square Tolerances

Specified Size In Inches

Out of Rd. or Sq., Inches

Size Tolerances, Inches

Over UnderTo 5/16 incl. Over 5/16 to 7/16 incl. Over 7/16to 5/8 incl. Over 5/8 to 7/8 incl. Over 7/8 to 1 incl. Over 1 to 1-1/8 incl. Over 1-1/8 to 1-1/4incl. Over 1-1/4 to 1-3/8 incl. Over 1-3/8 to 1-1/2 incl. Over 1-1/2 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 2-1/2 incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 incl, Over 3-1/2 to 4-1/2 incl. Over 4-1/2 to 5-1/2 incl. Over 5-1/2 to 6-1/2 incl. Over 6-1/2 to 8-1/4 incl. .Over 8-1/4 to 9-1/2 incl. Over 9-1/2 to 10 incl

0.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090.0100.0110.0120.0141/641/323/641/165/641/85/323/161/4

0.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090.0100.0110.0120.0141/64

00000000

0.0080.0090.0100.0120.0130.0150.0160.0180.0210.0230.0230.0350.0460.0580.0700.0850.1000.120

Note: Out-of-round is the difference between the maximum and minimum diam-eters to the bar, measured at the same cross section. Out-of-square section is the difference in the two dimensions at the same cross section of a square bar between opposite faces.

HexagonsSize and Out-of-Hexagon Tolerances

Size Tolerances, Inches

Over Under

Out of Hexagon,

Inches

Specified Sizes between Opposite

Sides in Inches

To 1/2 incl. Over 1/2 to 1 incl. Over 1 to 1-1/2 incl. Over 1-1.2 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 2-1/2 incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 incl.

0.0070.0100.0211/323/641/16

0.0070.0100.0131/641/641/64

0.0110.0150.0251/323/641/16

Note: Out of hexagon section is the greatest difference between any two dimen-sions at the same cross section between opposite faces.

K-52


Hot Rolled Carbon Steel BarsSquare Edge and Round Edge Flats

Thickness and Width Tolerances

To 1 incl. Over 1 to 2 incl.Over 2 to 4 incl. Over 4 to 6 incl. Over 6 to 8 incl.

Specified Size In Inches

.203 to .230 excl.

Over 2 to 3, incl.

Over 1 to 2, incl.

Over 1/2 to 1,

incl.

.230 to 1/4

excl.

1/4 to 1/2

incl.

Over 3

Specified Thickness In Inches

0.0070.0070.0080.009

-

0.0070.0070.0080.0090.015

0.0080.0120.0150.0150.015

--

3/643/64

-

--

3/643/643/64

-1/321/321/321/32

0.0100.0150.0200.0200.025

Tolerance, InchesSpecified Width

in Inches Over Under

To 1 incl. Over 1 to 2 incl.Over 2 to 4 incl. Over 4 to 6 incl. Over 6 to 8 incl.

1/641/321/163/321/8*

1/641/321/321/163/32*

*Forflatsover6”to8”inwidth,andto3”incl,inthickness

All Hot Rolled Carbon Steel BarsStraightness Tolerances

1/8” in any 5 ft. or 1/4” number of ft. of length divided by 5. Because of warpage, straightness tolerances do not apply to bars if any subsequent heating operation or controlled cooling has been performed.

K-53


Hot Rolled Carbon Steel BarsBar Size Angles

Thickness, Length, and Out-of-Square Tolerances

Specified Length

of Leg in Inches

Thickness Tolerances for Thicknesses Given, Over and Under, In.

Tolerances for length of leg,

over and under in inches

To 3/16, incl.

Over 3/16 to 3/8, incl.

Over 3/8

To 1, incl. Over 1 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 3, incl.

0.0080.0100.012

0.0100.0100.015

-0.0120.015

1/323/641/16

The longer leg of an unequal angle determines the size tolerance. The out-of-square tolerance in either direction , 1-1/2o.

Bar Size TeesDimensional tolerances

Specified Size of Tee In Inches

Width or Depth, In.

Thicness Of Flanges, In.

Stem Out-of-Square†

Inches

Thickness of Stem, In.

Over Under Over Under Over Under

To 1-1/4, incl.

Over 1-1/4 to 2, incl.

Over 2 to 3, incl.

3/64

1/16

3/32

3/64

1/16

3/32

0.010

0.012

0.015

0.010

0.012

0.015

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.020

0.020

1/32

1/16

3/32

The longer member of an unequal tee determines the size for tolerances. Mea-surements for both width and depth are overall. †Stem out-of-square is the varia-tion from its true position of the center line of stem, measured at the point.

Bar Size Channels

Depth of Section, Width of Flange, Thickness of Web and Out-of-Square Tolerances

Specified Size of

Channel in Inches

Size Tolerance, Over or Under, Inches

Depth of

Section

Width of

FlangesTo 3/16,

Incl. Over 3/16

Thickness of Web

Out-of-Square** of

either Flange Inches, per

inch of Flange width

To 1-1/2, incl.

Over 1-1/2 to 3, excl.

1/32

1/16

1/32

1/16

0.010

0.015

0.015

0.020

1/32

1/32

**For channels 5/8” or under in depth, the permissible out of square is 3/64” perinchofdepth.Measurementsfordepthofsectionandwidthofflangesareoverall.

K-54


Hot Rolled Carbon Steel BarsAll Bars and Bar Size Sections**

Length TolerancesSize of

Rounds, Squares,

Hexagons, Inches

Specified Size of FlatsTolerances Over Specified Length,

Inches. No Tolerances UnderWidth Inches

ThicknessInches

5” to 10” excl.

10” to 20 excl.

20” to 30” excl.

30” to 40” excl.

40” to 60” excl.

Mill Cutting:

To 1, incl.

Over 1 to 2 incl.

Over 2 to 5, incl.

Over 5 to 10, incl.

To 3, incl.

To 3, incl. Over 3 to 6, incl.

Over 3 to 6, incl.

-Over 6 to 8 incl. Over 6 to 8, incl.

To 1, incl.

Over 1To 1, incl.

Over 1

-.230 to 1, incl. Over 1 to 3

1/2

5/85/8

1

2

3/41-1/4

3/4

11

1-1/2

2-1/2

1-1/41-3/4

1-1/4

1-1/21-1/2

1-3/4

2-3/4

1-3/42

2-1/4

2-1/22-1/2

2-3/4

3-1/4

44

1-3/4

22

2-1/4

3

3-1/23-1/2

Hot Sawing:

2 to 5* incl.Over 5 to 10, incl. Bar Size Sections

3 & over 1 & over *

*5/8

1-1/2

2-1/21

1-3/4

2-3/41-1/2

2-1/4

32

2-3/4

3-1/42-1/2

*Smaller sizes and shorter lengths are not hot sawed.

Straightness Tolerances

1/4” in any 5 ft. or 1/4” x number of ft. of length divided by 5.

Because of warpage, straightness tolerances do not apply to bars if any subse-quent heating operation or controlled cooling has been performed.

Straightness Tolerances for Machine Straightened Bars

1/8” in any 5 ft. or 1/8” x number of ft. of length divided by 5.

Because of warpage, straightness tolerances do not apply to bars if any subse-quent heating operation or controlled cooling has been performed after straighten-ing. **Exception-Tolerances for half rounds and ovals, ovals and other special bar size sections are commonly negotiated between purchaser and producer.

K-55


Cold Finished Carbon Steel Bars

Undersize Variations in Inches

Max. CarbonRange Over.55% or all

GradesQuenched &

Tempered Or

Normalized &Tempered

BeforeCold Finishing

Max. CarbonRange to

0.55% incl., Stress

Relieved orAnnealedAfter ColdFinishing

Max CarbonRange Over

.28% to .55% Incl.

Max CarbonRange .28%

or less

Size Range

in Inches

Cold Drawn or Turned & Polished Rounds

.005

.006

.007

.008

.009

.010

.011

.004

.005

.006

.007

.008

.009

.010

.003

.004

.005

.006

.007

.008

.009

.002

.003

.004

.005

.006

.007

.008

1-1/2 or underOver 1-1/2 to 2-1/2, incl. Over 2-1/2 to 4, incl. Over 4 to 6, incl. Over 6 to 8, incl. Over 8 to 9, incl. Over 9

Cold Drawn Hexagons

3/4 or underOver 3/4 to 1-1/2, incl. Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2, incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3-1/8, incl

.002

.003

.004

.005

.003

.004

.005

.006

.004

.005

.006

.007

.006

.007

.008

.009

Cold Drawn Squares3/4 or underOver 3/4 to 1-1/2, incl. Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2, incl. Over 2-1/2 to 4, incl

.002

.003

.004

.006

.003

.004

.005

.006

.002

.003

.004

.005

.007

.008

.009

.011

Cold Drawn FlatsTolerances for flats apply to thickness as well as width.

To 3/4, incl. Over 3/4 to 1-1/2, incl. Over 1-1/2 to 3, incl. Over 3 to 4, incl. Over 4 to 6, incl.Over 6

.003

.004

.005

.006

.008

.013

.004

.005

.006

.008

.010

.015

.006

.008

.010

.011

.012-

.008

.010

.012

.016

.020-

K-56


Cold Finished Carbon Steel Bars

Turned, Ground and Polished RoundsCold Drawn, Ground and Polished Rounds

SizeRange

in Inches

Undersized Variations in InchesTurned, Ground

and Polished Rounds

Cold Drawn, Ground and

Polished Rounds

1-1/2 and under

Over 1-1/2 to less than 2-1/2

2-1/2 to 3, incl.

Over 3 to 4, incl.

Over 4 to 6, incl.

Over 6

.001

.0015

.002

.003

.004*

.005*

.001

.0015

.002

.003

-

-

*Fornonresulphurizedsteels(steelsspecifiedtomaximumsulphurlimitsunder0.08%) or for steels thermally treated, the tolerance is increased by .001”.

K-57


Hot Rolled Alloy Steel BarsRounds & Squares

Variation from Size in InchesSpecified Size in Inches

Out of Round* or Square in Inches Over Under

Up to 5/16, incl. Over 5/16 to 7/16, incl. Over 7/16 to 5/8, incl. Over 5/8 to 7/8, incl. Over 7/8 to 1, incl. Over 1 to 1-1/8, incl. Over 1-1/8 to 1-1/4, incl. Over 1-1/4, to 1-3/8, incl. Over 1-3/8 to 1-1/2, incl. Over 1-1/2 to 2, incl. Over 2 to 2-1/2, incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3-1/2, incl. Over 3-1/2 to 4-1/2, incl. Over 4-1/2 to 5-1/2, incl. Over 5-1/2 to 6-1/2, incl. Over 6-1/2 to 8-1/4, incl. Over 8-1/4 to 9-1/2, incl.

.005

.006

.007

.008

.009

.010

.011

.012

.0141/641/323/641/165/641/85/323/16

.005

.006

.007

.008

.009

.010

.011

.012

.0141/64

-------

.008

.009

.010

.012

.013

.015

.016

.018

.021

.023

.023

.035

.046

.058

.070

.085

.100

*Out-of-round is the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters of a round bar measured at the same cross section. Out-of-square is the difference in the two dimensions at the same cross section of square bar - each dimension being the distance between opposite faces.

Hexagons & OctagonsVariation from Size in InchesSpecified Sizes Mea-

sured between oppo-site sides in Inches

Max. Difference in Inches (Three Measurements

Hexagons Only) Over Under

Up to 1/2, incl. Over 1/2 to 1, incl. Over 1 to 1-1/2, incl. Over 1-1/2 to 2, incl. Over 2 to 2-1/2, incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3-1/2, incl

.007

.010

.0211/323/641/16

.007

.010

.0131/641/641/64

.007

.010

.0211/323/641/16

Square Edge and Round Edge FlatsTolerances Apply to Thickness in Inches

Specified Width in Inches

Variations From Width

in Inches

Variations from Thickness in Inches(Tolerances are over or under)

Under 1/4” thick

1/4” to 1/2” thick

Over 1/2” to 1” thick

Over 1” to 2”

thick

Over 2” to 4”

thick Over Under

Up to 1, incl. Over 1 to 2, incl. Over 2 to 4, incl. Over 4 to 6, incl.Over 6 to 8, incl.

.007

.007

.008

.009

.015

.008

.012

.015

.015

.016

--

3/641/161/16

-1/321/321/321/32

.010

.015

.020

.020

.025

1/641/321/321/163/32

1/641/321/163/321/8

K-58


Hot Rolled Alloy Steel Bars

Standard Straightness - 1/4” in any 5 feet, or 1/4” x number of feet of length divided by 5.

Special Straightness - 1/8” in any 5 feet, or 1/8” x number of feet of length divided by 5.

Note: Straightness tolerances do not apply to H.R. alloy steel bars if any subse-quent heating operation was performed.

K-59


Cold Finished Alloy Steel Bars*

Undersize Variations from Size in Inches

Max. CarbonRange Over.55% with or

without Stress Relieving or

Annealing after Cold Finishing.

Also all Carbons Heat Tr. or Norm. & Temp. Before Cold Finishing

Annld. or Stress Relieved after C.F.

Max. Carb. to .55%

Max CarbonRange Over

.28% to .55% Incl.

Max CarbonRange .28%

or less

Specified Size in Inches

Cold Drawn or Turned & Polished Rounds

.005

.006

.007

.008

.009

.010

.011

.012

.004

.005

.006

.007

.008

.009

.010

.011

.003

.004

.005

.006

.007

.008

.009

.010

.002

.003

.004

.005

.006

.007

.008

.009

To 1 incl. (In coils)To 1-1/2 incl.Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2Over 2-1/2 to 4Over 4 to 6Over 6 to 8Over 8 to 9Over 9

Cold Drawn Hexagons

To 3/4, incl. Over 3/4 to 1-1/2Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2Over 2-1/2 to 4

.003

.004

.005

.006

Cold Drawn Squares

To 3/4, incl. Over 3/4 to 1-1/2Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2Over 2-1/2 to 4Over 4 to 5

.003

.004

.005

.007

.011

Cold Drawn FlatsTolerances for flats apply to thickness as well as width.

Width in InchesTo 3/4, incl. Over 3/4 to 1-1/2 Over 1-1/2 to 3Over 3 to 4Over 4 to 6Over 6

.004

.005

.006

.007

.009

.014

.004

.005

.006

.007

.005

.006

.007

.008

.007

.008

.009

.010

.005

.006

.007

.009 -

.006

.007

.008

.010 -

.008

.009

.010

.012 -

.005

.006

.007

.009

.011 -

.007

.009

.011

.012

.013 -

.009

.011

.013

.017

.021 -

*Tolerances for sizes over 4” are standards of major producers.

K-60


Cold Finished Alloy Steel Bars*Cold Drawn, Ground, and Polished Rounds

Turned, Ground, and Polished Rounds

Diameter in

Inches

Not Heat Treated All Carb.

Heat Treated** All Carb.

All Carbons with or without Thermal

Treatment before Cold Drawing

Cold Drawn, Ground & Polished Turned, Ground & Polished

To 1-1/2, incl. Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2, incl. 2-1/2 to 3, incl. Over 3 to 4, incl. Over 4 to 6, incl. Over 6

.001

.0015

.002

.003--

.001

.0015

.002

.003

.004

.005

.001

.0015

.002

.003

.005

.006

*Tolerances for sizes over 4” are standards of major producers. **Applies for quenched and tempered, normalized and tempered, or any similar double treatment prior to turning.

K-61

AISI Thickness Tolerance Ranges

Galvanized Steel Sheets

Gage No.

ThicknessInches

Dec. Equiv.

Toler. Range

lbs. per sq. ft. Weight Equiv.*

Gage No.

ThicknessInches

Dec. Equiv.

Toler. Range

lbs. per sq. ft.

Weight Equiv.*

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

.1382

.1233

.1084

.0934

.0785

.0710

.0635

.0575

.0516

.0456

.0396

.1472

.1292

.1323

.1143

.1174

.0994

.0625

.0525

.0695

.0575

.0770

.0650

.0865

.0705

.1014

.0854

.0436

.0356

.0506

.0406

.0566

.0466

5.78125

5.15625

4.53125

3.90625

3.28125

2.96875

2.65625

2.40625

2.15625

1.90625

1.65625

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

.0366

.0336

.0306

.0276

.0247

.0217

.0202

.0187

.0172

.0157

1.53125

1.40625

1.28125

1.15625

1.03125

.90625

.84375

.78125

.71875

.65625.0187.0127

.0202

.0142

.0217

.0157

.0232

.0172

.0247

.0187

.0287

.0207

.0316

.0236

.0346

.0266

.0376

.0296

.0406

.0326

Carbon Steel Sheets ● Hot Rolled ● H R P & O ● Cold Rolled

Gage No.

ThicknessInches

Dec. Equiv.

Toler. Range

lbs. per sq.

ft.

Wt. Equiv.*Gage No.

ThicknessInches

Dec. Equiv.

Toler. Range

CR

lbs. per sq.

ft. Weight

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

.2242

.2092

.1943

.1793

.1644

.1495

.1345

.1196

.1046

.0897

.0747

.0673

.0598

.0538

.2033

.1853

.1873

.1713

.1126

.0966

.1276.1116

.1425

.1265

.1575

.1415

.1724

.1564

.0733

.0613

.0817

.0677

.0967

.0827

9.375

8.750

8.125

7.500

6.875

6.250

5.625

5.000

4.375

3.750

2.812

2.500

2.250

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

.0478

.0418

.0359

.0329

.0299

.0269

.0239

.0209

.0179

.0164

.0149

.0135

.0120

2.000

1.750

1.500

1.375

1.250

1.125

1.000

.875

.750

.688

.625

.562

.500

.0184

.0144

.0199

.0159

.0239

.0179

.0269

.0209

.0299

.0239

.0329

.0269

.0359

.0299

.0389

.0329

.0458

.0378

.0518

.0438

HRP&O CR

*Based on density of .2904 lb per cubic inch.

.0130

.0110

.0155

.0115

.0169

.0129

.2332

.2152

.0598

.0478

.0658

.0538

.2182

.2002

.0578

.0498

.0648

.0548

.0723

.0623

.0797

.0697

.0947

.0847

.1106

.0986

.1256

.1136

.1405

.1285

.1585

.1405

.1734

.1554

.1883

.1703

K-62

Carbon Steel Sheets

Hot Rolled Sheets - Dimension Tolerances

Thickness Tolerances for Coils & Cut Lengths, Including Pickled Sheets

Thickness Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches*SpecifiedThicknessinInches


0.2299 to .1800

.1799 to .0972

.0971 to .0710

.0709 to .0568

.0567 to .0509

.0508 to .0449

Over 12 to 20 incl. Over 20 to 40 incl. Over 40 to 48 incl. Over 48 to 60 incl. Over 60 to 72 incl. Over 72

.007

.008

.009---

.007

.007

.008

.008

.008

.008

.006

.007

.007

.007

.008

.008

.006

.006

.006

.007

.007-

.005

.005

.006

.006

.007-

.005

.005

.005---

Thickness Tolerances for Coils Over .180” Thick

Thickness Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches*SpecifiedThicknessinInches


.5000 to .3751

.3750 to .3125

.3124 to .2300

.2299 to .1800

Over 12 to 15 incl. Over 15 to 20 incl. Over 20 to 32 incl. Over 32 to 40 incl.Over 40 to 48 incl. Over 48 to 60 incl. Over 60 to 72 incl.

.014

.015

.016

.017

.018

.019

.021

.012

.014

.015

.016

.017

.019

.021

.010

.011

.012

.013

.014

.015

.016

-----

.011

.012

Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 3/8 in. from a cut edge and not less than 3/4 in. from a mill edge. The above table does not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.

*Regardlessofwhethertotalthicknesstoleranceisspecifiedequallyorunequally,over and under, the total tolerance should be equal to twice the tabular toler-ances.

K-63

Carbon Steel Sheets

Hot Rolled Sheets - Dimension TolerancesWidth Tolerances for Coils and Cut Lengths,

Including Pickled Sheets

Width Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance Under

Specified Widthin Inches

Tolerances in Inches



Hot Rolled Cut Edge Sheets - Not Resquared Up to 30 incl. Over 30 to 48 incl. Over 48 to 60 incl.

Over 60 to 80 incl. Over 80

1/83/161/4

5/163/8

The above applies to thickness of 0.2299” or thinner.

Hot Rolled Mill Edge SheetsOver 12 to 14 incl. Over 14 to 17 incl. Over 17 to 19 incl. Over 19 to 21 incl. Over 21 to 24 incl.

Over 24 to 26 incl. Over 26 to 30 incl. Over 30 to 50 incl. Over 50 to 78 incl. Over 78

7/161/29/165/8

11/16

13/1615/161-1/81-1/21-7/8

The above tolerances do not apply to the uncropped ends of mill edge coils.

Length Tolerances for Sheets Not Resquared, Including Pickled Sheets

Length Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance UnderSpecified Width

in InchesTolerances in Inches



Up to 15 incl. Over 15 to 30 incl. Over 30 to 60 incl. Over 60 to 120 incl.

Over 120 to 156 incl. Over 156 to 192 incl. Over 192 to 240 incl. Over 240

1/81/41/23/4

11-1/41-1/21-3/4

Camber Tolerances (Includes Pickled Sheets)Camber is the greatest deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measure-ment being taken on the concave side with a straight edge. Camber tolerances for sheets in cut lengths, not resquared, are shown below:

Cut Length in Ft.

Camber Tolerances in Inches

Up to 4 incl. Over 4 to 6 incl. Over 6 to 8 incl. Over 8 to 10 incl. Over 10 to 12 incl. Over 12 to 14 incl.

Over 14 to 16 incl. Over 16 to 18 incl. Over 18 to 20 incl. Over 20 to 30 incl. Over 30 to 40 incl.

1/83/161/45/163/81/2

5/83/47/8

1-1/41-1/2

Cut Length in Ft.


For sheets in coils, camber should not exceed 1” in any 20 feet of length.

K-64

Carbon Steel Sheets


Out-of-Square Tolerances for Cut Edge Sheets NotResquared, Including Pickled Sheets

Out-of-square is the greatest deviation of an end edge from a straight line at right angle to a side and touching one corner. It is also obtained by measuring the difference between the diagonals of the sheet. The out-of-square deviation is one-half of that difference. The tolerance for sheets of all gauges and all size is 1/16” per 6” of width or fraction thereof.

Resquared Tolerances(Includes Pickled Sheets)

Whensheetsarespecifiedresquared,thewidthandlengtharenotlessthanthedimensionsspecified.Theindividualtoleranceforover-width,over-length,cam-ber or out-of-square should not exceed 1/16” for sheets up to and including 48” in width and up to and including 120” in length; or 1/8” for wider or longer sheets.

Flatness Tolerances for Sheets Not Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness

Including Pickled SheetsSpecified

Widthin Inches

Specified Thicknessin Inches

Flatness* Tolerancein Inches

0.449 to 0.0567

0.0568 to 0.1799

0.1800 to 0.2299

To 36 incl. Over 36 to 60 incl. Over 60

To 60 incl. Over 60 to 72 incl. To 48 incl.

To 48 incl.

1/23/41

1/23/41

1/2

*Maximumdeviationfromahorizontalflatsurface.Theabovetablealsoappliestosheetscut-to-lengthfromcoilsbytheconsumerwhenadequateflatteningoperations are performed.

Flatness Tolerances for Sheets Specified to StretcherLeveled Standard of Flatness,


Specified Width

in Inches



Specified Length

in Inches.0499 & thicker To 48 incl.

Over 48To 96 incl. Over 96

1/81/4

*Maximumdeviationfromahorizontalflatsurface.

K-65

Carbon Steel Sheets


Allowance in Width and Length for Sheets Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness, Not Resquared


Allowances are over Specified Dimensions.

Specified Length in

Inches

Width in

Inches

Specified: “Grip or entry marks outside

specified length”

Specified: “Grip or entry marks inside specified length”

Length in Inches


3/41

1-1/4

445

334

K-66

Cold Rolled Sheets - Dimension TolerancesThickness Tolerances for Coils & Cut Lengths-

Over 12” WideThickness Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches*

Specified Thickness in InchesSpecified Width in Inches

0.1419 to .0972

.0971 to .0710

.0709 to .0568

.0567 to .0389

.0388 to .0195

.0194 to .0142

Over 12 to 15 incl. Over 15 to 72 incl. Over 72

.005

.006

.007

.005

.005

.006

.002

.002

-

.003

.003

.003

.004

.004

.004

.005

.005

.005

Thickness is measured at any point across the width not less than 3/8 inch from a side edge.

*Regardlessofwhethertotalthicknesstoleranceisspecifiedequallyorunequally,over and under, the total tolerance should be equal to twice the tabular tolerances.

Thickness Tolerances for Coils & Cut Lengths-2” to 12” Wide

Thickness Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches*

Specified Thickness in InchesSpecified Width

in Inches .0821 to .0568 .0567 to .0389 .0388 to .0195 .00194 to .0142

2 to 12 incl. .005 .004 .002.003



This table applies to widths produced by slitting from wider sheet.

K-67

Carbon Steel Sheets

Cold Rolled Sheets - Dimension Tolerances

Width Tolerances for Coils & Cut Lengths-Over 12” Wide

Width Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance UnderSpecified Width

in InchesTolerances in Inches



Over 12 to 30 incl. Over 30 to 48 incl. Over 48 to 60 incl.

1/83/161/4

Over 60 to 80 incl. Over 80

5/163/8

Width Tolerances for Coils & Cut Lengths-2” to 12” Wide

Width Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches*Specified Width in Inches


2 to 6 inclusive

Over 9 to 12 inclusive


.0821 to .0681

.0680 to .0142.012.008

.016

.016.032.032


Length Tolerances for Cut Lengths-Over 12” Wide Not Resquared

Length Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance UnderSpecified Length

in InchesLength Tolerances

in InchesSpecified Length

in InchesLength Tolerances

in InchesOver 12 to 30 incl. Over 30 to 60 incl. Over 60 to 96 incl. Over 96 to 120 incl.

1/81/41/23/4


11-1/41-1/21-3/4

Length Tolerances for Cut Lengths-2” to 12” Wide Not Resquared

Length Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance UnderSpecified Width

in Inches24 to 60 inclusive


Over 120 to 240inclusive

2 to 12 inclusive 1/2 3/4 1


K-68

Carbon Steel Sheets


Camber Tolerances for SheetsOver 12” Wide

Camber is the greatest deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measure-ment being taken on the concave side with a straight edge. Camber tolerances for sheets in cut lengths, not resquared, are shown below:

Cut Length in Ft.



1/83/161/45/163/81/2


5/83/47/8

1-1/41-1/2

Cut Length in Ft.


For sheets in coils, camber should not exceed 1” in any 20 feet of length. Cam-ber tolerances for cils 2” to 12” wide are 1/4” in any 8 feet.

Out-of-Square Tolerances for SheetsOver 12” Wide Not Resquared

Out-of-square is the greatest deviation of an end edge from a straight line at right angle to a side and touching one corner. It is also obtained by measuring the difference between the diagonals of the sheet. The out-of-square deviation is one-half of that difference. The tolerance for sheets of all gauges and all sizes is 1/16” per 6” of width or fraction thereof.

General Tolerances for Resquared SheetsOver 12” Wide

Whensheetsarespecifiedresquared,thewidthandlengtharenotlessthanthedimensionsspecified.Theindividualtoleranceforover-width,over-length,cam-ber or out-of-square should not exceed 1/16” for sheets up to and including 48” in width and up to and including 120” in length; or 1/8” for wider or longer sheets.

Flatness Tolerances for Sheets Over 12” Wide Not Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness




Up to 36, incl. Over 36 to 60, incl. Over 60 to 72, incl. Over 72

Up to 36, incl. Over 36 to 60, incl. Over 60

0.449 & thicker

.0448 & thinner

1/43/85/87/8

3/85/87/8

*Maximumdeviationfromahorizontalflatsurface.Note 1: The above table does not apply to full hard sheets produced to hardness ranges. Note 2: The above table also applies to sheets cut to length from coils by the consumer whenadequateflatteningmeasuresareperformed.

K-69

Carbon Steel Sheets


Flatness Tolerances for SheetsSpecified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness




To 48, incl. over 48


.0284 & thicker

.0283 to .0157 incl.

1/81/4

1/43/8

Specified Lengthin Inches




Allowances in Width and Length for Sheets Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness Not Resquared

Allowances are over specified dimensions

Specified Length in

Inches

Width in

Inches


specified length”


Length in Inches


3/41

1-1/4

445

334

K-70

Carbon Steel SheetsGalvanized Sheets-Hot Dipped

Coating Designation and Minimum Coating Test Limits

TypeCoating

Designation

PreviousCoating Classoz. per sq. ft.

Triple Spot Testoz. per sq. ft.

Single Spot Testoz. per sq. ft.

Minimum Check Limit

Regular RegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularRegularAlloyedAlloyedAlloyed

G235G210G185G165G140G115G90G60G01A60A40A01

2.752.502.252.001.751.50

1.25 Commercial Light Commercial

----

2.352.101.851.651.401.15.0900.60

No Minimum 0.600.40

No Minimum

2.001.801.601.401.201.000.800.50

No Minimum 0.650.43

No Minimum

The weight of coating in oz. per sq. ft. refers to the total coating on both surfaces. thecoatingdesignationnumberisthetermbywhichthisproductisspecified.

K-71


Thickness Tolerances for Coils and Cut LengthsThickness Tolerances are Over or Under in Inches



.1868 to .1009

.1008 to .0748

.0747 to .0606

.0605 to .0426

.0425 to .0232

.0231 & thinner

To 32, incl. Over 32 to 40Over 40 to 60Over 60 to 72

.008

.008

.009

.009

.007

.008

.008

.009

.006

.006

.006

.006

.005

.005

.005

.005

.004

.004

.004

.004

.003

.003

.003

-


*Regardlessofwhethertotalthicknesstoleranceisspecifiedequallyorunequally,over and under, the total tolerance should be equal to twice the tabular tolerances

Width Tolerances for Coils and Cut Lengths Over 12” Wide Not Resquared

Width Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance Under


Width Tolerance in Inches


Width Tolerance in Inches

Up to 30 incl. Over 30 to 48 incl.

Over 48 to 60 incl. Over 60 to 72 incl.

1/83/16

1/45/16

Width Tolerances for Coils and Cut Lengths 2” to 12” Wide Not Resquared

Thickness Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches



2 to 6 inclusive



.0821 to .0681

.0680 to .0142 .012.008

.016

.016.032.032


K-72


Length Tolerances for Sheets Not ResquaredLength Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance Under

Specified Length in Inches

Tolerance in Inches

Specified Length in Inches

Tolerance in Inches

Over 12 to 30 incl. Over 30 to 60 incl. Over 60 to 96 incl. Over 96 to 120 incl.


1/81/41/23/4

11-1/41-1/21-3/4

Length Tolerances for Sheets 2 “ to 12” Wide Not ResquaredLength Tolerances are Over, No Tolerance Under


24 to 60 inclusive



2 to 12 inclusive 1/2 3/4 1


Camber Tolerances

Camber is the greatest deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measure-ment being taken on the concave side with a straight edge. The camber toler-ances for sheets in cut lengths, not resquared, are shown below:

Cut Length in Ft.




1/83/161/45/163/81/2

5/83/47/8

1-1/41-1/2

Cut Length in Ft.


Out-of-Square Tolerances For Sheets Not ResquaredOut-of-square is the greatest deviation of an end edge from a straight line at right angle to a side and touching one corner. It is also obtained by measuring the difference between the diagonals of the sheet. The out-of-square deviation is one-half of that difference. The tolerance for sheets of all gauges and all sizes is 1/16” per 6” of width or fraction thereof.

Resquared Tolerances Whensheetsarespecifiedresquared,thewidthandlengtharenotlessthanthedimensionsspecified.Theindividualtoleranceforover-width,over-length,cam-ber or out-of-square should not exceed 1/16” for sheets up to and including 48” in width and up to and including 120” in length; or 1/8” for wider or longer sheets.

K-73






Flatness* Tolerance in Inches

2.031 (18 G.S.G.) and heavier

2.030 (19 G.S.G.) and lighter

.0486 andthicker

.0485 andthinner

Up 50 36, incl. Over 36 to 60, incl. Over 60 to 72, incl.

Up to 36, incl. Over 36 to 60, incl. Over 60 to 72, incl.

1/43/85/8

3/85/87/8

*Maximumdeviationfromahorizontalflatsurface.Note 1: The above table does not apply to full hard sheet or sheets produced to hardness ranges. Note 2: The above table also applies to sheets cut to length from coils by the consumerwhenadequateflatteningmeasuresareperformed.

Flatness Tolerances for Sheet Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness


Specified Thick., Inches


Specified Length, Inches

Flatness* Tol., In.

1.344 (22 G.S.G.) and heavier

1.343 (23 G.S.G.) and lighter

0486 andthicker

0485 andthinner

To 48, incl.Over 48

To 36, incl. Over 36



1/81/4

1/43/8


Allowances in Width and Length for Sheets Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness Not Resquared

Allowances are over specified dimensions

Specified Length in

Inches

Width in

Inches


specified length”


Length in Inches


3/41

1-1/4

445

334

Galvanized Sheets-Electrolytic Zinc Coated

Except for thickness tolerances shown following, dimensional tolerances for elec-trolytic zinc coated sheets are the same as those for cold rolled sheets.

K-74


Thickness Tolerances for Coils and Cut LengthsThickness Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches


Specified Width

in Inches

.0971 to

.0568

.0567 to

.0389

.0388to

.0195

.0194to

.0142

.0141 to

thinner

Up to 40Over to 60

.005

.005.004.004

.003

.003.002.002

.0015-



K-75

Aluminum Coated Sheets - Type 1(Aluminized)

Gauge and Thickness Equivalents

Alum. Coated Ga.

No.

Lbs. per Square

Foot

Thick. Equivalent,

in.

Alum. Coated Ga.

No.

Lbs. per Square

Foot

Thick. Equivalent,

in.

121314151617181920

4.4523.8273.2022.8892.5772.3272.0771.8271.577

.1084

.0934

.0785

.0710

.0635

.0575

.0516

.0456

.0396

2122232425262728

1.4521.3271.2021.0770.9520.8270.7640.702

.0366

.0336

.0306

.0276

.0247

.0217

.0202

.0187

Aluminum Coated Sheets - Type 1(Aluminized)





Flatness* Tolerance in Inches

1.952 (18 A.C.G.) and heavier

1.951 (19 A.C.G.) and lighter

.0486 and thicker

.0485 and thinner

Up to 36, incl. Over 36 to 60 incl.

Up to 36, incl. Over 36 to 60 incl.

1/43/8

3/85/8

*Maximumdeviationfromhorizontalflatsurface.

Note 1: The above table does not apply to full hard sheets or sheets produced to hardness ranges. Note 2: The above table also applies to sheets cut to length from coils by the con-sumerwhenadequateflatteningmeasuresareperformed.

K-76

Carbon Steel SheetsAluminum Coated Sheets - Type 1

(Aluminized)

Flatness Tolerances for Sheets Specified to Stretcher Leveled Standard of Flatness


Specified Thick., Inches


Flatness* Tol.,

Inches

Specified Length,Inches

1.265 (22 A.C.G.) and heavier

1.264 (23 A.C.G.) to .734 (27 A.C.G) incl.

.0322 and thicker

.0321 to .0195 incl.





1/81/4

1/43/8

*Maximumdeviationfromhorizontalflatsurface.

Dimensional tolerances for aluminum coated sheets are the same as for hot dipped galvanized sheets. See previous tables.

K-77

Carbon Steel Strip - Hot RolledThickness Tolerances for Coils and Cut LengthsThickness Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches

Specified Thickness in InchesSpecified

Width in Inches

0.0343 to

0.0255

0.0448 to

0.0344

0.0567 to

0.0449

0.1179 to

0.0568

0.1874 to

0.1180

0.2030 to

0.1875

0.2299 to

0.2031

Up to 3-1/2 incl.

Over 3-1/2 to 6 incl. Over 6 to 12 incl.

-

-

0.006

0.006

0.006

0.006

0.005

0.005

0.005

0.004

0.005

0.005

0.003

0.003

0.004

0.003

0.003

-

0.003

-

-

Thickness measurements are taken 3/8” from edge of strip on 1” or wider and at any place on the strip when narrower than 1”. The given tolerances do not include crown.

Crown Tolerances

Strip may be thicker at the center than at a point 3/8” from the edge by the follow-ing amounts:

Specified Thickness in InchesSpecified

Width in Inches

0.0343 to

0.0255

0.0448 to

0.0344

0.0567 to

0.0449

0.1179 to

0.0568

0.1874 to

0.1180

0.2030 to

0.1875

0.2299 to

0.2031

Over 1 to 3-1/2 incl.

Over 3-1/2 to 6 incl.

Over 6 to 12 incl.

-

-

0.002

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.002

0.002

0.003

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.002

0.003

-

0.002

-

-

K-78

Carbon Steel Strip - Hot Rolled

Width TolerancesWidth Tolerances are Over and Under in Inches


Specified Width

in Inches

Mill Edge & Square Edge All

Thicknesses

Slit or Cut Edge Up to 0.109 incl.

Over 0.109

Up to 2 incl. Over 2 to 5 incl. Over 5 to 10 incl. Over 10 to 12 incl.

1/323/641/163/32

0.0080.0080.0100.016

0.0160.0160.0160.016

Length TolerancesTolerances are Specified Length. No Tolerances are Under.

Specified Length in FeetSpecified

Width in Inches

Up to 5 incl.

Over 5 to 10 incl.

Over 10 to 20 incl.

Over 20 to 30 incl.

Over 30 to 40 incl.

Over 40

To 3 incl.

Over 3 to 6 incl.

Over 6 to 12 incl.

1/4

3/8

1/2

3/8

1/2

3/4

1/2

5/8

1

1-1/2

1-1/2

1-3/4

1

1

1-1/2

3/4

3/4

1-1/4

Camber Tolerances for Mill Edge, Square Edge & Slit or Cut Edge Strip

Camber is the deviation of a side edge from a straight line. Such deviation is obtained by placing an 8-foot straight edge on the concave side and measuring the greatest distance between the strip edge and the straight edge.

For strip wider than 1-1/2” ......................................................... 1/4” in any 8 feet

For strip 1-1/2” and narrower ..................................................... 1/2” in any 8 feet

When the camber tolerances shown above are not suitable for a particular pur-pose, hot rolled strip is sometimes machine straightened.

K-79

Structural Steel TubeDimensional Tolerances

Outside Diameter: Largest outside dimension..................Outside tolerance including convexity and concavity

Up to 2-1/2”.............................................. ± .020”Over 2-1/2” to 3-1/2” inclusive ................. ± .025”Over 3-1/2” to 5-1/2” inclusive ................. ± .030”Over 5-1/2” ................................................ ± 1%

Corner Radii:The radius of any outside corner shall notexceedthreetimesthespecifiedwall thickness. Twist:Longest outside dimension.........Maximum twist per 3 feet of length

2” to 2-1/2” inclusive .............................. .062”over 2-1/2” to 4 inclusive ....................... .075”over 4” to 6” inclusive ............................ .087”over 6” to 8” inclusive ............................ .100”over 8” ................................................... .112”

Tolerances include allowance for convexity or concavity. For rectangular sections, the tolerance calculatedforthelargerflatdimensionshallalsoapplytothesmallerflatdimension.Thistolerancemay be increased 50 percent when applies to the smaller dimension, if the ratio of cross sectional dimensions is between 1.5 and 3, and 100 percent when the ratio exceeds 3.

Wall Thickness: Maximum allowable variation ± 10% (wall thick-nessistobemeasuredatthecenteroftheflat,exclusive of the weld area, and not at corners).

Straightness: Permissible variation shall be 1/8” times the num-ber of feet of total length divided by 5:

.125” x (total length) ÷ 5

Squareness of Sides: Adjacent sides may deviate from 90 degrees by a tolerance of plus or minus 2 degrees maximum.

Flash: Structuraltubingusuallyissuppliedflashin.Theheightoftheflashwillvarywiththewallthicknessof the tube.

Seamless Mechanical Steel Tube Tolerances Hot Rolled Round Carbon & Alloy Steel

Diameter Tolerances OUTSIDE DIAMETER TOLERANCES (INCHES) OUTSIDE DIAMETER TOLERANCES (INCHES)

Specified Size O.D. (Inches)

As Rolled or Annealed Plus

& Minus

Oil Quenched & Tempered

Plus & Minus

Specified Size O.D. (Inches)

As Rolled or Annealed Plus

& Minus


Plus & Minus

2.000 to 2.4992.500 to 2.9993.000 to 3.4993.500 to 3.999

4.000 to 4.4994.500 to 4.9995.000 to 5.4995.500 to 5.999

6.000 to 6.4996.500 to 6.9997.000 to 7.4997.500 to 7.999

Note 1: Normalized and tempered tolerances. Note 2: Ifwaterquenchandtemperisrequiredforspecified-RefertoMillforapplicabletolerance.Note 3: Tolerances are ASTM-A-519.Note 4: HotRolledtubingusuallyspecifiedODxWallonly.

8.000 to 8.4998.500 to 8.9999.000 to 9.4999.500 to 9.999

.017”

.019”

.021”

.023”

10.000 to 10.49910.500 to 11.00011.001 to 11.49911.500 to 11.999

12.000 to 13.99914.000 to 15.99916.000 to 17.99918.000 to 24.000

.033”

.035”

.037”

.040”

.025”

.027”

.029”

.031”

.027”

.029”

.032”

.035”

.038”

.041”

.044”

.047”

.050”

.053”

.056”

.060”

.043”

.045”

.048”

.050”

.053”

.055”1% O.D.1% O.D.

1% O.D.1% O.D.1% O.D.1% O.D.

.064”

.068”

.072”

.076”

.080”

.080”Consult

Mill

ConsultMill

ConsultMill

K-80

Seamless Mechanical Steel Tube TolerancesHot Rolled Round Carbon & Alloy Steel

Wall Tolerances

Wall Thickness

Maximum Over & Under Normal Wall 2” to 11” O.D. Over 11” O.D.

Plus Minus Plus Minus

Walls under 10% of nominal Outside Diameter

Walls 10% of nominal O.D. to 25% of nominal O.D. inclusive.

Walls over 25% of nominal Outside Diameter

10.0%

7.5%

7.5%

10.0%

7.5%

7.5%

12.5%

12.5%

12.5%

12.5%

12.5%

12.5%

Note: Wall thickness range & tolerance are ASTM-A-519.


Maximum Deviation from StraightTotal in Entire Length: Inches

Per Foot of LengthOutside

Diameter Size Range

Inches

Wall % of

Outside Diameter

Total Inches

in Any 3 Feet

Length 3 to 22 Feet

Length Under 3 and Over 22 Feet

Up to 5.000”5.001/8.000”8.001/10.750”

3% OD & over4% OD & over4% OD & over

.030”

.045”

.060”

.007”

.010”

.015”

.010”

.015”

.020”

Note: Out-of-straightness is ordinarily checked at points of maximum devia-tion (as determined by line-of-sight observation) by means of a three-front straight-edge and feeler gages. When overall straightness in entire length is of concern, the tube is rolled on a surface-plate and maximum deviation-from-straight is determined by means of feel gages inserted between the tube and plate at a point of maximum departure. If rotational methods such as chucking the tube at its ends or supporting the ends on roller and rotating under a dial indicator are used, extreme care in interpreting results must be employed becausereadingareinfluencedbyODdimensionalvariationinadditiontodeviation-from-straight. Not applicable to quenched and tempered tubes over 302 BHN.

K-81

OD Size Range,

Inches

Wall: Percent of

OD

Unannealed or Stress Relief Annealed

Soft Annealed or Normalized


OD Inches ID Inches OD / IDOD Inches ID InchesPlus Minus Plus / MinusPlus MinusPlus Minus Plus Minus

Up to 0.4990.500-1.6991.700-2.099

2.100-2.4992.500-2.8992.900-3.299

3.300-3.6993.700-4.0994.100-4.499

4.500-4.8994.900-5.2995.300-5.549

5.550-5.999

6.000-6.499

6.500-6.499

7.000-7.499

7.500-7.999

8.000-8.499

8.500-8.999

9.000-9.499

9.500-9.999

10.000-10.999

11.000-12.000

AllAllAll

AllAllAll

AllAllAll

AllAllAll

Under 66 to 7-1/2Over 7-1/2











Seamless Mechanical Steel Tube TolerancesCold Drawn Round Carbon & Alloy Steel

Diameter Tolerances

.004

.005

.006

.007

.008

.009

.010

.011

.012

.013

.014

.015

.010

.009

.018

.013

.010

.020

.015

.012

.012

.018

.013

.026

.020

.015

.029

.023

.016

.031

.025

.017

.034

.028

.019

.037

.030

.020

.040

.034

.022

.044

.035

.025

.045

.005

.006

.007

.008

.009

.010

.011

.012

.013

.014

.015

.010

.009

.009

.013

.010

.010

.015

.012

.012

.018

.013

.013

.020

.015

.015

.023

.016

.016

.025

.017

.019

.028

.019

.022

.030

.020

.025

.034

.022

.029

.035

.025

.035

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.010

.009

.009

.013

.010

.010

.015

.012

.012

.018

.013

.013

.020

.015

.015

.023

.016

.015

.025

.017

.015

.028

.019

.015

.030

.020

.000

.034

.022

.015

.035

.025

.015

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.010

.009

.000

.013

.010

.000

.015

.012

.012

.018

.013

.000

.020

.015

.000

.023

.016

.000

.025

.017

.000

.028

.019

.000

.030

.020

.000

.034

.022

.000

.035

.025

.000

.005

.007

.006

.008

.009

.011

.013

.013

.014

.016

.018

.020

.018

.016

.017

.023

.018

.020

.027

.021

.021

.032

.023

.031

.035

.026

.036

.041

.028

.033

.044

.030

.038

.045

.033

.043

.045

.035

.048

.045

.039

.055

.050

.045

.060

.002

.002

.005

.005

.005

.005

.005

.007

.007

.007

.007

.007

.018

.016

.015

.023

.018

.015

.027

.021

.021

.032

.023

.015

.035

.026

.015

.041

.028

.022

.044

.030

.022

.045

.033

.022

.045

.035

.022

.045

.039

.022

.050

.045

.022

.002

.005

.005

.005

.005

.005

.010

.011

.012

.013

.014

.018

.016

.016

.023

.018

.018

.027

.021

.021

.032

.023

.023

.035

.026

.026

.041

.028

.028

.044

.030

.030

.049

.033

.033

.053

.035

.035

.069

.039

.039

.065

.045

.045

.007

.006

.008

.009

.011

.013

.010

.011

.012

.013

.014

.018

.016

.016

.023

.018

.018

.027

.021

.021

.032

.023

.023

.035

.026

.026

.041

.028

.028

.044

.030

.030

.049

.033

.033

.053

.035

.035

.069

.039

.039

.065

.045

.045

.005

.007

.008

.009

.010

.012

.013

.014

.015

.017

.018

.019

.025

.023

.023

.033

.025

.025

.038

.029

.029

.045

.033

.033

.050

.037

.037

.058

.040

.040

.063

.043

.043

.070

.047

.047

.075

.050

.050

.080

.055

.055

Tabulated tolerances can be applied simultaneously to only two of three cross-sectional dimension, i.e., OD x Wall, OD x ID or ID x Wall. IDTolerancesapplyonlytotubespecifiedODxIDxWall...andtodimensional0.625”andoverwhenIDisatlleasthalfthe OD. Wall thickness less than 3% of OD, require added ovality tolerances of plus and minus 1/2% of mean OD. Ifwaterquenchandtemperisrequiredorspecified-refertoMillforapplicabletolerance.

K-82

Seamless Mechanical Steel Tube TolerancesCold Drawn Round Carbon & Alloy Steel

Wall Tolerances

Wall Thickness % of OD

Wall Tolerances Max % Overand Under Normal Wall

ID Under .500” ID .500” & Over

Under 10%10 to 25%Over 25%

± 10.0%± 10.0%± 12.5%

± 7.5%± 6.0%± 7.5%


Outside Diam-eter Size Range

Inches

Wall Percent of Outside Diameter

Total Camber in Any 3 Feet

Up to 5.000”5.001/8.000”8.001/10,750”

3% OD & Over4% OD & Over4% OD & Over

.030”

.045”

.060”

Not applicable to quenched and tempered tubes over 302 BHN

K-83

DOM Mechanical Steel Tube TolerancesCold Drawn Round Welded & Drawn Over Mandrel

Diameter Tolerances

OD Size RangeWall % of OD

OD, Inches ID, InchesPlus Minus Plus Minus

Up - .5000.500 - 1.6991.700 - 2.099

2.100 - 2.4992.500 - 2.8992.900 - 3.299

3.300 - 3.6993.700 - 4.0994.100 - 4.499

4.500 - 4.8994.900 - 5.2995.300 - 5.549

5.550 - 5.999

6.000 - 6.499

6.500 - 6.999

7.000 - 7.499

7.500 - 7.999

8.000 - 8.499

8.500 - 8.999

9.000 - 9.499

9.500 - 9.999

10.000 - 10.999

11.000 - 11.999

12.000 - 12.999

13.000 - 13.999

14.000 -15.000

AllAllAll

AllAllAll

AllAllAll

AllAllAll

Under 6 6 to 7-1/2

Under 6 6 to 7-1/2

Under 6 6 to 7-1/2Under 6

6 to 7-1/2

Under 6 6 to 7-1/2

Under 6 6 to 7-1/2

Under 6 6 to 7-1/2

Under 6 6 to 7-1/2

Under 6 6 to 7-1/2

Under 6 6 to 7-1/2

Under 6 6 to 7-1/2

Under 6 6 to 7-1/2

Under 6 6 to 7-1/2

Under 6 6 to 7-1/2

.004

.005

.006

.007

.008

.009

.010

.011

.012

.013

.014

.015

.010

.009

.013

.010

.015

.012

.018

.013

.020

.015

.023

.016

.025

.017

.028

.019

.030

.020

.034

.022

.035

.025

.036

.027

.037

.029

.038

.030

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.010

.009

.013

.010

.015

.012

.018

.013

.020

.015

.023

.016

.025

.017

.028

.019

.030

.020

.034

.022

.035

.025

.036

.027

.037

.029

.038

.030

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.010

.009

.013

.010

.015

.012

.018

.013

.020

.015

.023

.016

.025

.017

.028

.019

.030

.020

.034

.022

.035

.025

.036

.027

.037

.029

.038

.030

.004

.005

.006

.007

.008

.009

.010

.011

.012

.013

.014

.015

.010

.009

.013

.010

.015

.012

.018

.013

.020

.015

.023

.016

.025

.017

.028

.019

.030

.020

.034

.022

.035

.025

.036

.027

.037

.029

.038

.030


.030” in any 3 ft. of length up to 7.500” OD

.060” in any 3 ft. of length over 7.500” OD

K-84


Wall TolerancesWall

Thick-ness, Inch

Incl. .375

to .875 OD

Over 3.7500

to 15.000 OD

Over 1.875 to

3.750 OD

Over .875 to 1.875 OD

.028 &

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.134

.148

.165

.180

.203

.220

.238

.259

.284

.300

.320

.344

.375

.400

.438

.480

.531

.563

.580

.600

.625

.650

+.002

-.002+.002-.002

+.002-.002

+.002-.002

+.002-.002

+.002-.003+.003-.003

+.002-.003

+.002-.003

+.002-.003

+.002

-.002

+.002

-.002

+.002-.003

+.002-.003

+.002-.003

+.002-.004+.002-.004+.002-.004+.002-.004

+.008-.008

+.004-.006

+.004-.005

+.003-.004

+.003-.004

+.007-.007

+.006-.006

+.005-.006

+.005-.006

+.005-.006

+.003-.003

+.003-.003

+.003-.003

+.003-.003

+.003-.003

+.003-.003

+.003-.004

+.004-.006

+.004-.005

+.003-.005

+.005-.006

+.005-.006

+.005-.006

+.006-.006

+.008-.008

+.007-.007

+.015-.015

+.014-.014

+.013-.013

+.012-.012

+.011-.011

+.010-.010

+.009-.009

+.013-.013

+.016-.016

+.004-.004+.004-.005+.004-.005+.005-.005

+.005-.005

+.005-.005

+.005-.005

+.005-.006+.006-.006+.006-.007+.007-.007

+.007-.007

+.007-.007

+.007-.007

+.008-.008+.008-.008+.009-.009+.009-.009+.010-.010+.011-.011+.012-.012+.013-.013+.013-.013+.014-.014+.015-.015

+.017-.017

+.016-.016

K-85


Ovality Tolerances

O.D., Inches Ovality O.D., Inches Ovality

Up to 2 Over 2 to 3 incl. Over 3 to 4 incl. Over 4 to 5 incl. Over 5 to 6 incl.

.010”

.015”

.020”

.025

.030”

Over 6 to 7 incl. Over 7 to 8 incl. Over 8 to 9 incl. Over 9 to 10 incl.Over 10 to 11 incl.

.035”

.040”

.045”

.050”

.055”

O.D., Inches Ovality O.D., Inches Ovality

Over 11 to 12 incl.

Over 12 to 13 incl.

.060”

.065”

Over 13 to 14 incl.

Over 14 to 15 incl.

.070”

.075”

Ovality shall be within regular diameter tolerances except when the wall thickness is less than 3% of the OD. In such cases, add the additional ovality tolerance shown here; however, the mean OD or ID must be within the minimum and maximum permitted by the diameter tolerance table.

Cold Drawn Buttweld Steel Tube DateRound Mandrel Drawn OD x ID Tube (CDBW)

Dimensional Tolerances

O.D., Inches I.D. InchesO.D. Size Range Inches

Wall Thickness

Range Inches

Diameter Tolerances

Plus PlusMinus Minus

Wall Tolerances

Plus Minus

Under .500.500 to 1.500.500 to 1.5001.500 & over1.500 & over

Under .156Under .1560.156 & overUnder .1560.156 & over

.004

.005

.005

.010

.010

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.000

.010

.005

.005

.010

.010

12.5%10.0% 7.0%10.0% 7.0%

12.5%10.0% 7.0%10.0% 7.0%

Tolerances can be supplied to only two of three cross-sectional dimension. SunkdrawnCDBWtubeusuallyisspecifiedODxWall.

Straightness tolerance is 0.030” in any 3 feet of length.

K-86

Welded Mechanical Steel Tube ToleranceAs-Welded Round Hot Rolled Electric Weld (HREW)

Diameter Tolerances

Outside Diameter Size Range Inches BWG

Outside Diameter, Tolerance, InchesWall Thickness

PlusInches Minus

3/4 to 1-1/8 incl. Over 1-1/8 to 2, incl. Over 1-1/8 to 2, incl.

Over 2 to 2-1/2, incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3, incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3, incl.

Over 3 to 3-1/2, incl. Over 3 to 3-1/2, incl. Over 3-1/2 to 3, incl. Over 3-1/2 to 4, incl.

Over 4 to 5, incl. Over 4 to 5, incl. Over 5 to 6, incl. Over 5 to 6, incl. Over 6 to 8, incl. Over 6 to 8, incl.

16 to 1016 to 76 to 3

16 to 316 to 3

2 to .320

16 to 32 to .360

6 to 32 to .500

16 to 32 to .50016 to 3

2 to .50011 to 3

2 to .500

.065 to .134

.065 to .180

.203 to .259

.065 to .259

.065 to .259

.284 to .320

.065 to .259

.284 to .360

.065 to .259

.284 to .500

.065 to .259

.284 to .500

.065 to .259

.284 to .500

.120 to .259

.284 to .500

.0035.005.005

.006

.008

.010

.009

.012

.010

.015

.020

.020

.020

.020

.025

.025

Note 1: Measurements for diameter are to be taken at least 2 inches from the end of the tubes. Note 2: Ovality shall be within the above tolerance except when the wall thickness is less than 3% of the outside diameter. In such cases the ovality may be 50% greater than the outsidetolerancesbutthemeanoutsidediametershallbewithinthespecifiedtolerance.

.0035.005.005

.006

.008

.010

.009

.012

.010

.015

.020

.020

.020

.020

.025

.025

Wall TolerancesWall Thickness

BWGInches

Outside Diameter, Inches

Wall Thickness Tolerance, InchesPlus Minus

Over 1 to 1-15/16, Incl.

3/4 to 1, Incl.

Over 1-15/16 to 3-3/4, Incl.

Over 3-3/4 to 4-1/2, Incl.

Over 4-1/2 to 8, Incl.

Plus Minus Plus Minus Plus Minus Plus Minus

.065

.072

.083

.095

.109

.120

.134

.148

.165

.180

.203

.220

.238

.259

.284

.300

.320

.344

.360

.375

.406

.438

.469

.500

.002

.002

.003

.003

.003

.003

.003

.004

.004

.004

.006

.006

.011

.012

.013

.014

.015

.016

.016

.016

.017

.017--

.011

.011

.012

.012

.012

.012

.012

.013

.013

.013

.015

.015

.020

.021

.022

.023

.024

.025

.025-----

.003

.003

.004

.004

.004

.004

.004

.005

.005

.005

.007

.007

.012

.013

.014

.015

.016

.017

.017-----

.010

.010

.011

.011

.011

.011

.011

.012

.012

.012--------------

.004

.004

.005

.005

.005

.005

.005

.006

.006

.006--------------

.009

.009

.010

.010

.010

.010

.010-----------------

.005

.005

.006

.006

.006

.006

.006-----------------

16151413121110987654321--------

.012

.012

.013

.013

.013

.013

.013

.014

.014

.014

.017

.017

.022

.023

.024

.025

.026

.027

.027

.027

.028

.028

.028

.028

.002

.002

.003

.003

.003

.003

.003

.004

.004

.004

.005

.005

.010

.011

.012

.013

.014

.015

.015

.015

.016

.016

.016

.016

.012

.012

.013

.013

.013

.013

.013

.014

.014

.014

.016

.016

.021

.022

.023

.024

.025

.026

.026

.026

.027

.027--

K-87

Welded Mechanical Steel Tube ToleranceAs-Welded Round Hot Rolled Electric Weld (HREW), continued

Inside Weld Flash HREW tubing is usually produced to OD x Wall dimension only and in three categoriesdeterminedbyheightofinsidediameterweldingflash: Flash-in-Tubing - ID Flash does not exceed wall thickness or 3/32” whichever is less. FlashControlled.010”-IDflashis0.10”maximumheight.FlashControlled.005”-IDflashis.005”maximumheight.

Outside Diameter Size Range Inches BWG

Outside Diameter, Tolerance, InchesWall Thickness

PlusInches Minus

1/4 to 3/8 incl. Over 3/8 to 5/8 incl. Over 3/8 to 5/8 incl.

Over 5/8 to 1-1/8 incl. Over 5/8 to 1-1/8 incl.

Over 1-1/8 to 2 incl. Over 1-1/8 to 2 incl.

Over 2 to 2-1/2 incl. Over 2 to 2-1/2 incl.

Over 2-1/2 to 3 incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3 incl.

Over 3 to 3-1/2 incl. Over 3-1/2 to 4 incl.

Over 4 to 5 incl. Over 4 to 5 incl. Over 5 to 6 incl.

22 to 1422 to 1614 to 12

22 to 1413 to 11

22 to 1413 to 19

20 to 1413 to 9

20 to 1816 to 9

20 to 920 to 8

16 to 1413 to 816 to 8

.028 to .083

.028 to .065

.083 to .109

.028 to .083

.096 to .120

.029 to .083

.095 to .148

.035 to .083

.095 to .148

.035 to .049

.065 to .148

.035 to .148

.035 to .165

.065 to .083

.095 to .165

.065 to .165

.0025.003.003

.0035

.0035

.005

.005

.006

.006

.008

.008

.009

.010

.020

.015

.020

.0025.003.003

.0035

.0035

.005

.005

.006

.006

.008

.008

.009

.010

.020

.015

.020

Note 1: Measurements for diameter are to be taken at least 2 inches from the end of the tubes. Note 2: Ovality shall be within the above tolerance except when the wall thickness is less than 3% of the outside diameter. In such cases the ovality may be 50% greater than the outsidetolerancesbutthemeanoutsidediametershallbewithinthespecifiedtolerance.

Wall TolerancesWall Thickness

BWGInches

Outside Diameter, Inches

Wall Thickness Tolerance, InchesPlus Minus

Over 7/8 to 1-1/8 Incl.

Over 1-7/8 to 3-3/4 Incl.

Over 3-3/4 to 5 Incl.

Over 5 to 6 Incl.

Plus Minus Plus Minus Plus Minus Plus Minus

.028

.035

.049

.065

.083

.095

.109

.120

.134

222018161413121110

.001

.002

.003

.005

.006

.006---

.005

.002

.003

.005

.006

.006---

.001

.001

.002

.004

.005

.005

.006

.007

.007

-.005.006.007.007.007.008.008.008

-.001.002.004.004.004.005.006.006

.005

.006

.006

.007

.007

.007

.008

.008

.008

---

.004

.004

.004

.005

.005

.005

---

.007

.007

.007

.008

.008

.008

---

.004

.004

.004

.005

.005

.005

---

.007

.008

.008

.009

.009

.009

CREW tubing is usually produced to OD x Wall dimension only and in three categoriesdeterminedbyheightofinsidediameterweldingflash: Flash-in-Tubing - ID Flash does not exceed wall thickness or 3/32” whichever is less. FlashControlled.010”-IDflashis0.10”maximumheight.FlashControlled.005”-IDflashis.005”maximumheight.

Welded Mechanical Steel Tube ToleranceAs-Welded Round Cold Rolled Electric Weld (CREW), continued

3/8 to 7/8, Incl.

Inside Weld Flash

K-88

Low Carbon Steel Pressure Tube DataHeat Exchanger Tube Tolerances

SpecificationPlus Minus Plus Minus

O.D. Wall

ASTM-A-179ASME-SA-179Cold Drawn SeamlessHeat Exchanger TubeMinimum Wall(See Note 1)

ASTM-A-214ASME-SA-214ERW WeldedHeat Exchanger TubeMinimum Wall(See Notes 1, 2 & 3)

.004”

.006”

.008”

.010”

.012”

.015”

.004”

.006”

.008”

.010”

.012”

.015”

.015”

.015”

Tolerances

Size O.D. Range Inches

Under 1.0001.000 to 1.5001.501 to 1.9992.000 to 2.4992.500 to 2.9993.000 to 4.000

Under 1.0001.000 to 1.5001.501 to 1.9992.000 to 2.4992.500 to 2.9993.000 to 4.0004.001 to 7.5007.501 to 9.000

.004”

.006”

.008”

.010”

.012”

.015”

.004”

.006”

.008”

.010”

.012”

.015”

.025”

.045”

20%20%22%22%22%22%

18%18%18%18%18%18%18%18%

0%0%0%0%0%0%

0%0%0%0%0%0%0%0%

Note 1 - Also available in average wall with ± 10% tolerance. Note 2-Tubesover2”ODx.135”wall,IDweldflashcontrolled.10”max.height.Note 3-Tubes2”ODx.135”wall&under,IDweldflashcontrolled.006”max.height

Hydraulic Tube Tolerances

SpecificationPlus Minus Plus Minus

O.D. Wall

ANSI-B93, 11-1969SAE-J524AMS-5050Cold Drawn SeamlessJIC Hydraulic Line

ANSI-B93, 4-1969SAE-J525Welded & DrawnJIC Hydraulic Line

.003”

.003”

.005”

.010”

.010”

.010”

.002”.0025”.003”.004”.005”.006”

Tolerances

Size O.D. Range Inches

Up to 0.3750.376 to 0.500.0501 to 1.5001.501 to 2.5002.501 to 3.0003.001 to 3.500

Up to 0.3750.376 to 0.6250.626 to 2.0002.001 to 2.5002.501 to 3.0003.001 to 4.000

15%10%10%10%10%10%

15%10%10%10%10%10%

15%10%10%10%10%10%

15%10%10%10%10%10%

.003”

.003”

.005”

.010”

.010”

.010”

.002”.0025”.003”.004”.005”.006”

K-89

Stainless Steel PlatesFlatness Tolerances - Annealed Plates

Permissible variations in above table apply to plates up to 15 feet long or to any 15 feet of longer plates. If the longer dimension is under 36 inches the permissible variation shall not be greater than 1/4 inch. Theshorterdimensionspecifiedshallbeconsideredthewidthandthepermissiblevariationinflatnessacrossthewidthshallnotexceedthetabularamountforthatdimension. Innocaseshallthemaximumdeviationfromaflatsurfaceexceedthetabulartoler-anceforthelongerdimensionspecified.Theaboveflatnesstolerancesarenotapplicabletoplatesinthehotrolledconditionorto plates with physical other than fully annealed. Closertolerancescanbefurnishedbyspecialflatteningatmill-inquire.

Thickness, Inches

Variations from a Flat Surface for Thickness and Widths Shown, Inches

48and

under

Over 48 to

60 excl.

144 and over

120 to 144 excl.

108 to 120 excl.

96 to 108 excl.

84 to 96

excl.

72 to 84

excl.

60 to 72

exlc.

3/6 to 1/41/4 to 3/8 excl. 3/8 to 1/2 excl. 1/2 to 3/4 excl. 3/4 to 1 excl. 1 to 1-1/2 excl. 1-1/2 to 4 excl. 4 to 6 excl.

3/411/161/21/21/21/23/161/4

--

1-3/41-3/81-1/8

17/8

1-1/8

21-7/81-7/161-1/8

13/43/41

1-7/81-9/161-1/41-1/815/1611/165/87/8

1-5/81-7/161-1/81-1/813/1611/169/163/4

1-5/81-3/815/1613/163/4

11/161/25/8

1-3/81-1/83/45/85/89/167/169/16

1-1/415/1611/165/85/89/163/81/2

1-1/163/49/169/169/169/169/163/8

Camber Tolerances - Sheared Mill Plate

1/8” X Number of feet of length 5

Tolerances May Vary After Cutting Plate to Size

Thickness Tolerances For Rectangular Stainless Steel PlatesAll plates must be ordered to thickness and not to weight per square foot. For purposes of production and shipment of plates within production size ranges, the Thickness Tolerances for Rectangular Stainless Steel Plates show below apply.

Specified Thickness (Inch)

Thickness Tolerance - Over Variation* (Inches)

Widths to 84, Incl. Widths Over 84 to 120, Incl.

3/16 to 3/8 excl. 3/8 to 3/4 excl. 3/4 to 1 excl. 1 to 2 excl. Over 2

.046

.054

.060

.070Inquire

.050

.058

.066

.074Inquire

*No plate shall vary more than 0.01” under thickness ordered. Spot grinding not to ex-ceed0.01”underthespecifiedthicknessispermittedtoremovesurfaceimperfections.

K-90

Stainless Steel BarsSize Tolerances - Hot Finished

Rounds and Squares

Size Inches Over Under

Size Tolerance, Inches

Over 1/4 to 5/16 incl. Over 5/16 to 7/16 incl. Over 7/16 to 5/8 incl. Over 5/8 to 7/8 incl. Over 7/8 to 1 incl. Over 1 to 1-1/8 incl. Over 1-1/8 to 1-1/4 incl. Over 1-1/4 to 1-3/8 incl. Over 1-3/8 to 1-1/2 incl. Over 1-1/2 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 2-1/2 incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 incl. Over 3-1/2 to 4-1/2 incl. Over 4-1/2 to 5-1/2 incl. Over 5-1/2 to 6-1/2 incl. Over 6-1/2 to 8 incl.

.005

.006

.007

.008

.009

.010

.011

.012

.0141/641/323/641/165/641/85/32

.005

.006

.007

.008

.009

.010

.011

.012

.0141/64

000000

Out-of-Round or Out-of-Square Section, Inches

.008

.009

.010

.012

.013

.015

.016

.018

.021

.023

.023

.035

.046

.058

.070

.085

Rough Turned Rounds

Specified Size Inches Over Under

Size Tolerance, Inches

Over 1-1/2 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 2-1/2 incl. Over 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 incl. Over 3-1/2 to 4-1/2 incl. Over 4-1/2 to 5-1/2 incl. Over 5-1/2 to 6-1/2 incl. Over 6-1/2 to 8 incl. Over 8 to 10 incl. Over 10

1/641/323/641/165/641/85/321/43/8

1/6400000000

K-91

Stainless Steel BarsSize Tolerances - Cold Finished Round

1/2” and Under


Tolerance, Inches

1/2 onlyUnder 1/2 to .3125 incl. Under .3125 to .105 exlc.

.002.0015.001

.002.0015.001

Rounds - Over 1/2”


Tolerance, Inches

Over 1/2 to 1 excl. 1 to 1-1/2 excl. 1-1/2 to 4 incl. Over 4 to 4-1/2 incl. Over 4-1/2

.002.0025.003.005.008

.002.0025.003.005.008

NOTE: When it is necessary to heat treat or heat treat and pickle after coldfinishing,becauseofspecialhardnessormechanicalpropertyrequirements, tolerances are commonly double those shown above.

Squares and Hexagons


Tolerance, Inches

Over 1/2 to 1 incl. Over 1 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 3 incl. Over 3

0000

.004

.006

.008

.010

See footnote under Cold Finished Rounds above.

K-92

Standard Tolerances for Stainless Steel PipeASTM-A-312

(Welded, Schedule 40)

Pipe Size, In. Plus Minus Plus Minus

O.D. Tolerances Wall Tolerances

1/81/43/81/23/411-1/41-1/222-1/233-1/245681012

.015

.015

.015

.015

.015

.015

.015

.015

.031

.031

.031

.031

.031

.062

.062

.062

.093

.093

.031

.031

.031

.031

.031

.031

.031

.031

.031

.031

.031

.031

.031

.031

.031

.031

.031

.031

000000000000000000

12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%

Standard Tolerances for Stainless Steel PipeASTM-A-312 - Tolerances to A530

(Seamless Hot Finished and Cold Drawn)

Pipe Size, In. Over Under Over Under

O.D. Wall

1/8 to 1-1/21-1/2 to 44 to 8

1/641/321/16

1/321/321/32

000

12-1/2%12-1/2%12-1/2%

K-93

Commercial Tolerances - Seamless Stainless Steel TubingASTM-A-213 - Tolerances to A450 (Except Average Wall)

Size, In. Plus Minus Plus Minus Ovality


Under 11 - 1-1/2 incl. Over 1-1/2 - 2 excl.2 - 2-1/2 excl. 2-1/2 - 3 excl. 3 -4 incl. Over 4 - 7-1/2 incl. Over 7-1/2 - 9 incl.

.004

.006

.008

.010

.012

.015

.015

.015

.004

.006

.008

.010

.012

.015

.025

.045

10%10%10%10%10%10%10%10%

10%10%10%10%10%10%10%10%

.008

.012

.016

.020

.024

.030

.040

.060

Notes:1. Please inquire for wall tolerances on sizes 2” O.D. and over with wall of .220 and heavier, as well as any O.D. with wall 3/4” and heavier, and any tube with I.D. 60% or less of the O.D.2. Please inquire for ovality tolerance on sizes 2” O.D. and less with wal 2% or less ofspecifiedO.D.andforgreaterthan2”O.Dwithwall3%orlessofspecifiedO.D.

Round Welded Stainless TubingASTM-A-249 - Tolerances to A450 (Except Average Wall)

Size, In. Plus Minus Plus Minus Ovality


Under 11 - 1-1/2 incl. Over 1-1/2 - 2 excl.2 - 2-1/2 excl. 2-1/2 - 3 excl. 3 -4 incl. Over 4 - 7-1/2 incl. Over 7-1/2 - 9 incl.

.004

.006

.008

.010

.012

.015

.015

.015

.004

.006

.008

.010

.012

.015

.025

.045

10%10%10%10%10%10%10%10%

10%10%10%10%10%10%10%10%

.008

.012

.016

.020

.024

.030

.040

.060

K-94

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.249

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.049

.039

.034

.031

.028

.025

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.016

.014

.012

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.010

.161

.100

.069

.050

.040

.035

.032

.029

.026

.023

.020

.017

.015

.013

.002

.002

.002

.002

.002

.002

.001

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.001

.001

.001

.001

.001

.001

.001

.001

.001

.003

.002

.002

.002

.002

.002

.001

5.0

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.001

5.0

01.0

01.0

01.0

01.0

01.0

01.0

01.0

01

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.002

.002

.002

.002

.002

.001

5.0

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.001

5.0

01.0

01.0

01.0

01.0

01.0

01.0

01.0

01

002

.002

.002

.002

.002

.002

.001

5.0

015

.001

.001

.001

.001

.001

.001

.001

.001

.001

.004

.004

.003

.003

.003

.003

.002

5.0

025

.002

.002

.002

.001

5.0

015

.001

5.0

015

.001

.001

.004

.004

.003

.003

.003

.003

.002

5.0

025

.002

.002

.002

.001

5.0

015

.001

5.0

01.0

01.0

01

.004

.003

.003

.003

.002

5.0

025

.002

.002

.001

5.0

015

.001

5.0

01.0

01.0

01.0

01.0

01.0

01

.006

.005

.004

.004

.004

.003

.003

.003

.002

5.0

025

.002

5.0

02.0

02.0

02.0

015

.001

5.0

015

005

.004

.004

.003

.003

.003

.002

5.0

025

.002

.002

.002

.002

.001

5.0

015

.001

5.0

015

.001

.006

.005

.004

.004

.004

.003

.003

.003

.003

.002

5.0

025

.002

.002

.002

.001

5.0

015

.001

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K-95

Stainless SteelSheet Gauge and Thickness Tolerances - All Finished

USS Gage

Tolerance - Plus and MinusContinuous Mill Product

Hand Mill Product

Over 48” to 60” incl.

24” to 48”incl.

OrderedThicknessin Inches

8 and 9101112131415 and 1617 to 1920 to 2223 to 27

.1874 to .1451

.1450 to .1301

.1300 to .1141

.1140 to .0981

.0980 to .0831

.0830 to .0721

.0720 to .0581

.0580 to .0401

.0400 to .0291

.0290 to .0161

.0160 to .0080

.0079 to .0060

.0059 to .0050

.014

.012

.010

.009

.008

.007

.006

.005

.004

.003

.002

.007

.006

.005

.005

.004

.004

.003

.003

.002

.0015

.0015

.0015

.001

.0105

.009

.0075

.007

.006

.0055

.0045

.004

.003

The decimal thickness ordered or required will be furnished to the standard plus and minus thickness tolerances. Note: Original width of sheet governs tolerance.

Stainless Steel Camber ToleranceWidths through 36”: 1/8” every 8 ft.

Widths over 36”: 3/32 every 8 ft.

Sheetsnotspecifiedtostretcherleveledstandardofflatness(exclusiveof1/4,1/2,3/4,and full hard tempers of 200 and 300 series grades dead soft and deep drawing sheet.

Stainless Steel Sheet/Flatness Tolerance

Thickness in Inches

Width in Inches

Flatness Tolerance (maximum deviation

from a horizontal surface), inches

.062 & over

Under .062

To 60 incl. Over 60 to 72 incl.

Over 72

To 36 incl. Over 36 to 60 incl.

Over 60

1/23/41

1/23/41

Stretcher Leveled Flatness ToleranceSheetsspecifiedtostretcherleveledstandardofflatness(exclusiveofhardtempersof200 and 300 series grades).

Thickness in Inches

Width in Inches

Flatness Tolerance (maximum deviation

from a horizontal surface), inches

Length in Inches

Under 3/16Under 3/16Under 3/16Under 3/16

To 48 incl. To 48 incl. Over 48Over 48

To 96 incl. Over 96

To 96 incl. Over 96

1/81/41/41/4

K-96

Standard Tolerances for Thickness of Flat and Coiled Sheet Alloys 1100, 3003, 3105, 5005 and 5050

Thickness InchesUp to

18” Incl. Over 18” thru 36”

Over 36” thru 54”


0.006 to 0.0070.008 to 0.0100.011 to 0.0170.018 to 0.0280.029 to 0.0360.037 to 0.0450.046 to 0.0680.069 to 0.0760.077 to 0.0960.097 to 0.1080.109 to 0.1400.141 to 0.1720.173 to 0.2030.204 to 0.2490.250 to 0.3200.321 to 0.4380.439 to 0.6250.626 to 0.8750.876 to 1.125

0.00100.00100.00150.00150.00200.00200.00250.00250.00300.00350.00450.00600.00700.00900.01300.01900.02500.03000.0350

0.00100.00150.00150.00200.00200.00250.00300.00300.00300.00400.00450.00600.00700.00900.01300.01900.02500.03000.0350

0.00200.00200.00200.00250.00250.00300.00400.00400.00400.00500.00500.00800.00900.01100.01300.01900.02500.03000.0350

0.00300.00350.00400.00500.00600.00600.00700.00700.00900.01100.01300.01500.01900.02500.03000.0350

Alloys 2024, 5052, 5083, 5454, 6061 and 7075

Thickness Inches

Up to 18” Incl.





0.006 to 0.0100.011 to 0.0170.018 to 0.0280.029 to 0.0360.037 to 0.0450.046 to 0.0680.069 to 0.0760.077 to 0.0960.097 to 0.1080.109 to 0.1400.141 to 0.1720.173 to 0.2030.204 to 0.2490.250 to 0.3200.321 to 0.4380.439 to 0.6250.626 to 0.8750.876 to 1.125

0.00100.00150.00150.00200.00200.00250.00300.00350.00400.00450.00600.00700.00900.01300.01900.02500.03000.0350

0.00150.00150.00200.00200.00250.00300.00300.00350.00400.00450.00600.00700.00900.01300.01900.02500.03000.0350

0.00250.00250.00250.00250.00300.00400.00400.00400.00500.00500.00800.01000.01100.01300.01900.02500.03000.0350

0.00250.00350.00350.00400.00400.00500.00500.00500.00500.00500.00800.01000.01100.01300.01900.02500.03000.0350

0.00400.00500.00500.00600.00600.00600.00700.00700.00900.01100.01300.01500.02000.02500.03000.0350

Note: Original width of sheet governs tolerance. Standard Tolerances for Aluminum Sheet and Plate

Flatness j - Flat SheetLongitudinal or Transverse Distance, ft.,

Center to Center of Buckles or Edge Waves k

Up thru 2

Over 2 thru 3

Over 3 thru 4

Over 4 thru 6

Over 6

Tolerance, in. lmn

Alloy(includes Alclads)

Specified Thickness

In.

1060, 1100, 1350, 3003, 3005, 3105, 5005, 5050,5x57

3004, 5052, 5083, 5086, 5252, 5x54, 5456, 5652, brazing sheet and all heat treatable alloys

0.020 thru 0.0640.065 thru 0.249

0.020 thru 0.0640.065 thru 0.249

1/81/8

3/163/16

3/163/16

3/165/16

3/165/16

5/163/8

5/163/8

3/81/2

3/81/2

1/29/16

K-97

Standard Tolerances for Aluminum Rod & Bar

Diameter Inches Tolerance Inches Tolerance InchesThickness, Width, In.COLD FINISHED ROD COLD FINISHED FLAT

0.125 - 0.5000.501 - 1.0001.001 - 1.5001.501 - 2.000 2.001 - 2.0003.001 - 3.4993.500 - 5.000

±0.0015±0.0020±0.0025±0.0040±0.0060±0.0080±0.0120

.065 - .500 .501 - 1.001.001 - 1.5001.501 - 2.0002.001 - 3.0003.001 - 4.000

± .002± .0025± .030± .005± .008± .010

EXTRUDED ROD/6061 EXTRUDED SQUARES/FLATS

Under .125 .125 - .249 .250 - .499 .500 - .749 .750 - .999 1.000 - 1.499 1.500 - 1.999 2.000 - 3.999 4.000 - 5.999 6.000 - 7.999 8.000 - 9.99910.000 - 11.99912.000 - 13.999

± .006± .007± .008± .009± .010± .012± .014± .024± .034± .044± .054± .074± .084

Under .125 .125 - .249 .250 - .499 .500 - .749 .750 - .999 1.0 - 1.49 1.5 - 1.99 2.0 - 3.99 4.0 - 7.99 8.0 - 9.99

± .006± .007± .008± .009± .010± .012± .014± .024± .034± .054

Standard Tolerances for Aluminum Drawn Tube - RoundDiameter Tolerance/Plus & Minus, Inches

Allowable Deviation of Mean Diam.

Allowable Deviation of Mean Diam.from Size at any Point

Not Treated Heat Treated Annld.

Up thru 0.500 0.501 - 1.000 1.001 - 2.000 2.001 - 3.000 3.001 - 5.000 5.001 - 6.000 6.001 - 8.000 8.001 - 10.000 10.001 - 12.000

.003

.004

.005

.006

.008

.010

.015

.020

.025

.003

.004

.005

.006

.008

.010

.015

.020

.025

.006

.008

.010

.012

.016

.020

.030

.040

.050

.018

.018

.030

.036

.048

.060

.090

.012

.150

Wall Tolerances/Plus & Minus, InchesAllowable Deviation of Mean Diam.

Allowable Deviation of Mean Diam.from Size at any Point

Non-Heat-Treatable Heat Treatable

0.010 - 0.0350.036 - 0.0490.050 - 0.0830.084 - 0.1200.121 - 0.203 0.204 - 0.3000.301 - 0.3750.376 - 0.500

.002

.003

.004

.005

.006

.008

.015

.020

.002

.003

.004

.006

.008

.012

.020

.030

±10% of specified

wall± .003”

minimum

K-98

Standard Tolerances for Aluminum Extruded Tube - RoundDiameter Tolerance/Plus & Minus, Inches

Diam. Inches(Size)

5083, 50865454

Other Alloys

5083, 50865454

Other Alloys

Deviation from Size ofMean Diam.

Deviation from Size at Any Point

.500 - 0.999 1.000 - 1.999 2.000 - 3.999 4.000 - 5.999 6.000 - 7,999 8.000 - 9.99910.000 - 11.99912.000 - 13.99914.000 - 15.99916.000 - 17.999

.015

.018

.023

.038

.053

.068

.083

.098

.113

.128

.010

.012

.015

.025

.035

.045

.055

.065

.075

.085

.030

.038

.045

.075

.113

.150

.188

.225

.263

.300

.020

.025

.030

.050

.075

.100

.125

.150

.175

.200Wall Tolerances/Plus & Minus, Inches

Allowable Deviation of Mean Wall from Specified Wall

Spec. Wall

Inches

Under 1.250 OD 1.250 - 2.999 OD 3.000 - 4.999 OD 5.000 and over508350865454

OtherAlloys

508350865454

OtherAlloys

508350865454

OtherAlloys

508350865454

OtherAlloys

Under 0.0470.047- 0.0610.062 -0.0770.078 -0.1240.125 -0.2490.250 -0.3740.375 -0.4990.500 -0.7490.750 -0.9991.000 -1.4991.500 -2.0002.001 -2.4992.500 -2.9993.000 -3.4993.500 -4.000

.009

.011

.012

.014

.014

.017---------

.006

.007

.008

.009

.009

.011---------

-.012.012.014.014.017.023.030

-------

-.008.008.009.009.011.015.020

-------

-.012.014.015.020.032.041.053.068

------

-.008.009.010.013.016.021.028.035.045

-----

-.015.018.023.030.038.053.068.083.098.113.128.143.158.173

-.010.012.015.020.025.035.045.055.065.075.085.095.105.115

Allowable Wall Deviation at any point (Eccentricity)2” Wall & Under:

Over 2

Plus & minus 10% of mean wall .060” maximum, .010” minimum ±.120”

Standard Tolerances for Aluminum Pipe/Sch 40 & 80 Outside Diameter Wall

Pipe Size Inches

Tolerance Inches

Size Inches

Tolerance %

Under 22 and Up

+ .015 -.031±1%

All - 12-1/2

Standard Tolerances for Aluminum Tread Plate/SheetThick

In. Tolerance, In.

Plus MinusThick

In. Tolerance, In.

Plus Minus.100.125.156.188

.008

.010

.011

.013

.012

.015

.019

.023

.030

.045

.060

.075

.018

.025

.035

.044

.250

.375

.500

.625

Specifiedthicknessdoesnotincludeheightofpattern(Minimumheightofraisedpattern= 0.040 inch.)

K-99

Standard Tolerances for Aluminum Sheet and PlateFlatness - Sawed or Sheared Plate

Longitudinal Flatness

Specified Thickness, In.

Tolerance l In. - Allowable Deviation from FlatTx51 temperso Other than Tx51 tempers o m

0.250 - 3.0003.001 - 6.000

3/16 in any 6 ft. p1/8 in any 6 ft. or less

1/4 in any 6 ft. or less1/4 in any 6 ft. or less

Transverse Flatness

Specified Thickness,

In.

Tolerance l In. - Allowable Deviation from Flat

Tx51 temperso

Other than Tx51 tempers o m

Tx51 temperso

Other than Tx51 tempers o m All tempersm

Widths over 4 ft. thru 6 ft. q Widths over 2 ft. thru 4 ft. Widths 2 ft. and less

0.250 - 0.6240.625 - 1.5001.501 - 3.0003.001 - 6.000

3/85/163/161/8

1/23/81/41/4

5/163/163/161/8

Only short-span flatnesstolerance

applies

3/81/4

3/163/16

Short-Span Flatness r

Specified Thickness, In.

Tolerances In. - Allowable Deviation from Flat

Tx51 temperso Other than Tx51 tempers o m

0.250 - 0.624.0625 - 6.000

0.1250.090

0.1000.075

jNotapplicabletocut-lengthsheet,panelflatsheet,coiledsheet,orsheetover60 in. wide. k Also applicable to overall length or width of sheet if only one longitudinal and/or transverse buckle or edge wave is present. lAllowabledeviationfromflatwiththesheetpositionedonflathorizontalsurfaceto minimize deviation. m Not applicable to the O.F. and Hx8 and harder tempers. n Not applicable to end or corner turnup. o Tx51 is a general designation for the following stress-relieved tempers: T351, T451, T651, T851, T7351 AND T7651.p For pieces ordered to less than 6 ft. length the tolerance is 1/8 in. for the total length. q For widths over 6 ft., these tolerances apply for any 6 ft. of total width. rShort-spanflatnessisthedeviationfromflatoverfullspanforspans2ft.andless. sAsmeasuredwiththeplaterestingonaflatsurface.

K-100

Copper and Copper AlloyRod Tolerances - Rounds and HexagonsAll Tolerances are Plus and Minus in Inches

Non-Refractory Alloys110, 145, 147, 220, 260, 316, 353, 360, 464 & 485

Refractory Alloys544, 642 & 792

Tolerance in Inches

Non-Refractory Alloys Refractory AlloysDiameter or Distance between Parallel Surfaces

in Inches Round Hexagon Round Hexagon

Up to .150 incl.*Over .150 to .500 incl.* Over .500 to 1.00 incl. Over 1.00 to 2.00 incl. Over 2.00 to 2.125 incl. Over 2.125 to 2.250 incl. Over 2.250 to 2.375 incl. Over 2.375 to 2.625 incl. 2.750 2.875 3.00Over 3.125 to 3.25 incl. Over 3.5 to 3.625 incl. 3.750 to 4.00 incl. Over 4.00 to 4.250 incl. Over 4.250 to 4.750 incl. 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 10.00

.0013

.0015

.002

.0025

.003

.003

.004

.004

.004

.004

.005

.005

.005

.006

.006

.007

.008

.009

.011

.012

.015

.0025

.003

.004

.005

.006

.007

.007

.008

.008

.009

.009

.010

.011

.011

.012 - - - - - -

.002

.002

.003

.004

.004

.005

.005

.005

.006

.006

.006 - - - - - - - - - -

-.004.005.006.008.009.009.010.011.012.012 - - - - - - - - - -

*All Round FC Brass Rod 3/32” to 1/4” incl. are carried to “Swiss Tolerances” (± .0005)

Width TolerancesRectangles

All Tolerances are Plus and Minus in Inches

Non-Refractory Alloys110, 145, 220, 260, 316 & 360

Refractory Alloy - 510(For squares use thickness tolerances next page)

Width in InchesWidth Tolerance in Inches

Non-Refractory Alloys Refractory AlloysUp to .050 incl. Over .050 to .090 incl. Over .090 to .130 incl. Over .130 to .188 incl. Over .188 to .500 incl. Over .500 to 1.25 incl. Over 1.25 to 2.00 incl. Over 2.00 to 4.00 incl. Over 4.00 to 12.00 incl.

.0013 .0015 .002 .003 .0035 .005 .008 .0120.30%*

.0015 .002 .003 .004 .005 .007 .010 .0150.50%*

*Expressed to the nearest .001”

K-101

Copper and Copper AlloyThickness Tolerances - Square and Rectangular Rod and Bar


Copper Bus BarWidth in Inches

Thickness in Inches

Up to 1/2

incl.

Over 1/2 to 1-1/4

incl.

Over 1-1/4 to 2.00

incl.

Over 2.00 to 4.00

incl.

Over 4.00 to 8.00

incl.

Over 8.00 to 12.00

incl.

Over .050 to .090 incl. Over .090 to .130 incl. Over .130 to .188 incl. Over .188 to .500 incl. Over .500 to 1.00 incl. Over 1.00 to 2.00 incl. Over 2.00 to 4.00 incl.

.0015

.0020

.0025

.0030---

.0015

.0020

.0025

.0030

.0040

.0045-

.0020

.0025

.0030

.0035

.0040

.0045-

.0025 .0030 .0035 .0040 .0045 .00500.30%*

-.0035.0040.0045.0050.0060

-

--

.0050

.0055

.0060--

Brass and Commercial Bronze

Width in Inches

Thickness in Inches

Up to 1/2

incl.

Over 1/2 to 1-1/4

incl.

Over 1-1/4 to 2.00

incl.

Over 2.00 to 4.00

incl.

Over 4.00 to 8.00

incl.

Over 8.00 to 12.00

incl.

Over .050 to .090 incl. Over .090 to .130 incl. Over .130 to .188 incl. Over .188 to .500 incl. Over .500 to 1.00 incl. Over 1.00 to 2.00 incl. Over 2.00 to 4.00 incl.

.0015

.002

.003

.0035---

.002

.0025

.0035

.004

.0045

.005-

.003

.0035

.004

.0045

.005

.005-

.0035.004

.0045 .0045.005.006

0.30%*

--

.006

.006

.007

.008-

--

.008

.008

.009--

*Expressed to the nearest .001”

K-102

Copper and Copper AlloyThickness Tolerances - Sheet and Strip


Non-Refractory Alloys*

Thickness in Inches

Width in InchesUp to 8 incl.

Over 36 to 48 incl.

Over 28 to 36 incl.

Over 20 to 28 incl.

Over 14 to 20 incl.

Over 12 to 14 incl.

Over 8 to 12 incl.

Up to .004 incl. Over .004 to .006 incl. Over .006 to .009 incl. Over .009 to .013 incl. Over .013 to .017 incl. Over .017 to .021 incl. Over .021 to .026 incl. Over .026 to .037 incl. Over .037 to .050 incl. Over .050 to .073 incl. Over .073 to .130 incl. Over .130 to .188 incl. Over .188 to .205 incl. Over .205 to .300 incl. Over .300 to .500 incl. Over .500 to .750 incl. Over .750 to 1.00 incl. Over 1.00 to 1.50 incl. Over 1.50 to 2.00 incl.

.0003

.0004

.0006

.0008

.0010

.0013

.0015

.002

.002

.0025

.003

.0035

.0035

.004

.0045

.0055

.007

.022

.026

.0006

.0008

.0010

.0013

.0015

.0018

.002

.002

.0025

.003

.0035

.004

.004

.0045

.005

.007

.009

.022

.026

.0006

.0008

.0010

.0013

.0015

.0018

.002

.002

.0025

.003

.0035

.004

.004

.0045

.005

.007

.009

.022

.026

-.0013.0015.0018.002.002.0025.0025.003.0035.004.0045.0045.005.006.009.011.022.026

- - -.0025.0025..03.003.0035.004.005.006.007.007.009.012.015.018.022.026

- - -.003.003.0035.0035.004.005.006.007.008.009.010.013.017.021.025.030

- - -.0035.0035.004.004.005.006.007.008.010.010.012.015.019.024.029.036

Refractory Alloys**

Thickness in Inches

Width in InchesUp to 8 incl.

Over 28 to 36 incl.

Over 20 to 28 incl.

Over 14 to 20 incl.

Over 12 to 14 incl.

Over 8 to 12 incl.

Up to .004 incl. Over .004 to .006 incl. Over .006 to .009 incl. Over .009 to .013 incl. Over .013 to .017 incl. Over .017 to .021 incl. Over .021 to .026 incl. Over .026 to .037 incl. Over .037 to .050 incl. Over .050 to .073 incl. Over .073 to .130 incl. Over .130 to .188 incl. Over .188 to .205 incl. Over .205 to .300 incl. Over .300 to .500 incl. Over .500 to .750 incl. Over .750 to 1.00 incl. Over 1.00 to 1.50 incl. Over 1.50 to 2.00 incl.

.0004

.0006

.0008

.0010

.0013

.0015

.002

.0025

.003

.0035

.004

.0045

.0045

.005

.006

.008

.010

.028

.033

.0008

.0010

.0013

.0015

.002

.0025

.0025

.003

.0035

.004

.0045

.005

.005

.006

.007

.010

.012

.028

.033

.0008

.0010

.0013

.0015

.002

.0025

.0025

.003

.0035

.004

.0045

.005

.005

.006

.007

.010

.012

.028

.033

- .0015.002.0025.0025.003.003.0035.004.0045.005.006.006.007.008.012.015.028.033

- - - - - -.004.005.006.007.008.010.010.012.015.019.023.028.033

- - - - - -.005.006.007.008.010.012.012.014.017.021.026.032.038

*Non-Refractory Alloys 110, 122, 220, 230, 260 and 353**Refractory Alloys 280, 510 and 752

K-103

Brass and CopperRound Seamless Tubing Tolerances

Alloy 122, 260, 272 & 330

Wall Thickness Tolerances (Except Condenser Tubes, Pipe, Copper Water Tube, and Tubes Furnished

as Extruded)Maximum deviation at any point - The following tolerances are plus and minus in inches.

Wall Thickness in Inches

Outside Diameter in Inches1/32 to 1-1/8 incl.

Over 5/8 to 1

incl.

Over 1/8 to 5/8

incl.

Over 7 to 10

incl.

Over 4 to 7 incl.

Over 2 to 4 incl.

Over 1 to 2 incl.

Up to .018Incl. .018 to .025Incl. .025 to .035Incl. .035 to .058Incl. .058 to .083Incl. .083 to .120Incl. .120 to .165Incl. .165 to .220Incl. .220 to .284

.002

.003

.003

.003-----

.001

.002

.0025

.003

.0035

.004

.005

.007 -

.0015

.002

.0025

.0035

.004

.005

.006

.0075

.009

.002

.0025

.003

.0035

.004

.005

.006

.008

.010

- -.004.005.006.007.008.010.012

- - -.007.008.009.010.012.014

- - - -.010.011.012.014.016

Tolerancesonagiventubemaybespecifiedwithrespecttoanytwo,butnotallthreeofthefollowing: (a) Outside dimension, (b) Inside dimension, (c) Wall thickness. Standard inven-tory is ordered to O.D. and Wall tolerances.

Mean Diameter* TolerancesAll tolerances plus and minus in inches

Refertoofficeforout-of-roundtolerance.TubesoldtoO.D.andWallTolerances.Consultofficeonsizes10”O.D.andover.

Specified Diameter

Tolerances Applies to

Tolerance in Inches

Inside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or OutsideInside or Outside

.002

.002

.0025

.003

.004

.005

.006

.007

.008

.010

Up to 1/8 incl. Over 1/8 to 5/8 incl. Over 5/8 to 1 incl. Over 1 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 3 incl. Over 3 to 4 incl. Over 4 to 5 incl. Over 5 to 6 incl. Over 6 to 8 incl. Over 8 to 10 incl.

*The mean diameter of a tube is the average of the maximum and minimum outside diameters, or of the maximum and minimum inside diameters, as determined at any one cross section of the tube.

K-104

Copper and Copper AlloyCommercial Round Wire Tolerances

Bare, Drawn to Final Size

Diameter

Tolerances in Inches Plus and MinusPhosphor Bronze Alloy 510 Round

Brass Alloy 260 Round

Copper Alloy 110 Round

Over .020 to .030 incl. Over .030 to .040 incl. Over .040 to .050 incl. Over .050 to .060 incl. Over .060 to .080 incl. Over .080 to .150 incl. Over .150 to .2576 incl.

.0003.0004.0005.0006.0008.0015.0026

.0003.0004.0005.0006.0008.0010.0015

.0005.0007.0008.0010.0015.0020.0020

Commercial Width Tolerances - Slit MetalFlat or Coils

All tolerances below plus and minus in inches.If wanted all plus or all minus, double the values given.

Thickness in InchesWidth in Inches .004 to .032 incl. .033 to .128 incl.

Up to 2 incl. Over 2 to 8 incl. Over 8 to 24 incl.

.005

.0081/64

.010

.0131/64

Commercial Width Tolerances - Sheared Metal

Thickness in InchesWidth or Length in Inches Up to 1/6 incl. Over 1/16 incl. Over 1/8

Up to 20 incl. Over 20 to 36 incl. Over 36 to 120 incl.

1/323/641/16

1/161/161/16

3/643/641/16

Commercial Width Tolerances - SAWED Metal Lengths Up to 10 Ft. Incl.

Thickness in InchesWidth in Inches Up to 1-1/2 incl. Over 1-1/2

Up to 12 incl. Over 12

1/321/16

1/161/16

Straightness Tolerances - Slit Metal(Maximum Edgewise Curvature in any 6 foot portion of total length in inches)

As Slit Only

Width in Inches Shipped in Rolls Shipped Flat

Over 1/4 to 3/8 incl. Over 3/8 to 1/2 incl. Over 1/2 to 1 incl. Over 1 to 2 incl. Over 2 to 4 incl. Over 4

21-1/2

15/81/23/8

1/21/21/23/83/83/8

Specially Straightened

Flat or EdgeRolled or in Rolls

1-1/21

3/45/81/23/8

K-105

Hardness Conversion Table for Carbon and Alloy Steel

All Values Are Approximate

BrinellHardnessNumber (Carbide

Ball)

Rockwell Hardness Numbers Tensile Strength

CScale

AScale

BScale

15N ScaleSuperficial

30T ScaleSuperficial ksi MPa

-7226886546155775435124814554434324214094003903813713623533443363327319311301294286279271264258253247243240234222210200195185176169162156150144139135130125121117114

6664626058565452504847464544434241403938373635343332313029282726252423--------------------

84.583.482.381.280.179.078.076.875.974.774.173.673.172.572.071.570.970.469.969.468.968.467.967.466.866.365.865.364.664.363.863.362.862.462.0

--------------------

92.591.891.190.289.388.387.486.485.584.583.983.583.082.582.081.580.980.479.979.478.878.377.777.276.676.175.675.074.573.973.372.872.271.671.0

--------------------

-----------------------------------

10099979593929088868482807876747270686664

-----------------------------------

83.182.581.179.878.477.876.475.173.872.471.169.768.467.165.764.463.161.760.459.0

-----

313292273255238229221215208201194188182177171166161156152149146141138135131128125123119117116114104100949289868381777269676563615957-

-----

216020101880176016401580152014801430139013401300125012201180114011101080105010301010970950930900880860850820810800785715680650635615590570560530495475460450435420405395

-

K-106

Gauge by DecimalFor Accuracy, Specify by Decimal - Not By Gauge

WEIGHT Lbs.

Per Sq. Ft. 1100 6061

ALUMINUM

WEIGHT Lbs.

Per Sq. Ft. Alloy 260BRASS

GageDecimal

GageDecimal

WEIGHT Lbs. Per Sq. Ft.

SheetSTEEL

GageNo.

GageDecimal

WEIGHT Lbs. Per Sq. Ft. Steel STRIP

GageDecimal

WEIGHT Lbs. Per 100. Ft. STEEL WIRE

Non-FerrousBrown & Sharp

Steel Sheets(Uncoated)

Manufacturers Std. Strip & Tubing

Birmingham or StubsBasic Steel

Wire

- - - - - - - - - - -2.2862.0361.8131.6141.4381.2801.1401.016

.905

.806

.717

.639

.569

.507

.452

.402

.357

.319

.284

.235

.224

.200

.178

.160

.141

.126.113.100.089

- - - -

.5800

.5165

.4600

.4096

.3648

.3249

.2893

.2576

.2294

.2043

.1819

.1620

.1443

.1285

.1144

.1019

.0907

.0808

.0720

.0641

.0571

.0508

.0453

.0403

.03590320.0285.0253.0226.0201.0179.0159.0142.0126.0113.0100.0089.0080.0071.0063.0056.0050.0045.0040

- - - - - - - - - - -7.1856.4005.6995.0744.5204.0233.5843.1932.8432.5322.2532.0091.7871.5921.4191.2641.1221.002 .892 .794 .705 .630 .559 .501 .444 .395 .355 .315 .279 .248 .222 .200 .117

- - - - - - - -.2391.2242.2092.1943.1793.1644.1495.1345.1196.1046.0897.0747.0673.0598.0538.0478.0418.0359.0329.0299.0269.0239.0209.0179.0164.0149.0135.0120.0105.0097.0090.0082.0075.0067.0064.0060

- - - - - - - -

10.000 9.375 8.750 8.125 7.500 6.875 6.250 5.625 5.000 4.375 3.750 3.125 2.813 2.500 2.250 2.000 1.750 1.500 1.375 1.250 1.125 1.000 .875 .750 .688 .625 .563 .500 .438 .406 .375 .344 .313 .281 .266 .250

0000000000000000000001234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738

- .500.454.425.380.340.300.284.259.238.220.203.180.165.148.134.120.109.095.083.072.065.058.049.042.035.032.028.025.022.020.018.016.014.013.012.010.009.008.007.005.004

- -

-20.40018.52017.34015.50013.87012.24011.59010.5709.7108.9758.2817.3436.7316.0385.4674.8954.4473.8763.3862.9372.6522.3661.9991.7131.4281.3051.1421.020.898.816.734.653.571.530.490.408.367.326.286.204.163

- -

.4615

.4305

.3938

.3625

.3310

.3065

.2830

.2625

.2437

.2253

.2070

.1920.1170.1620.1483.1350.1205.1055.0915.0800.0720.0625.0540.0475.0410.0348.0317.0286.0258.0230.0204.0181.0173.0162.0150.0140.0132.0128.0118.0104.0095.0090.0085.0080

56.8749.4841.4135.0929.2525.0821.3818.4015.8613.5511.449.848.367.015.874.873.882.972.241.711.381.04.78.60.45.32.27.22.18.14.11.09.08.07.06

.052

.047

.044

.037

.029

.024

.022

.019

.017

ALUMINUM-Sheet BRASS-Sheet, Strip

Wire, TubeBRONZE-Sheet, Strip,

WireCOPPER-Strip, Tube,

WireNICKEL SILVER-

Sheet, Wire

STEELSHEETS-

Flat or Coil, Hot Rolled orCold Rolled

TUBING-Aluminum, Steel, Stainless

SteelBANDS

FLAT WIRESTRIP-Steel,

Stainless SteelSPRING Steel

Sheet

BASIC STEELWIRE-AllFinishes

K-107

Inches Converted to Decimal EquivalentParts of a Foot

Inches Decimal Inches Decimal Inches Decimal Inches Decimal

01/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

11/161/83/161/45/16 3/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

21/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

31/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

41/161/83/161/45/16 3/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

51/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

61/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

71/161/83/161/45/16 3/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

81/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

91/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

101/161/83/161/45/16 3/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

111/161/83/161/45/163/87/161/29/165/811/163/413/167/815/16

12

.0000

.0052

.0104

.0156

.0208

.0260

.0313

.0365

.0417

.0469

.0521

.0573

.0625

.0677

.0729

.0781

.0833

.0885

.0937

.0990

.1042

.1094

.1146

.1198

.1250

.1302

.1354

.1406

.1458

.1510

.1562

.1615

.1667

.1719

.1771

.1823

.1875

.1927

.1979

.2031

.2083

.2135

.2188

.2240

.2292

.2344

.2396

.2448

.2500

.2552

.2604

.2656

.2708

.2760

.2813

.2865

.2917

.2969

.3021

.3073

.3125

.3177

.3229

.3281

.3333

.3385

.3437

.3490

.3542

.3594

.3646

.3698

.3750

.3802

.3854

.3906

.3958

.4010

.4062

.4115

.4167

.4219

.4271

.4323

.4375

.4427

.4479

.4531

.4583

.4635

.4688

.4740

.4792

.4844

.4896

.4948

.5000

.5052

.5104

.5156

.5208

.5260

.5313

.5365

.5417

.5469

.5521

.5573

.5625

.5677

.5729

.5781

.5833

.5885

.5937

.5990

.6042

.6094

.6146

.6198

.6250

.6302

.6354

.6406

.6458

.6510

.6562

.6615

.6667

.6719

.6771

.6823

.6875

.6927

.6979

.7031

.7083

.7135

.7188

.7240

.7292

.7344

.7396

.7448

.7500 .7552 .7604 .7656 .7708 .7760 .7813 .7865 .7917 .7969 .8021 .8073 .8125 .8177 .8229 .8281

.8333 .8385 .8437 .8490 .8542 .8594 .8646 .8698 .8750 .8802 .8854 .8906 .8958 .9010 .9062 .9115

.9167 .9219 .9271 .9323 .9375 .9427 .9479 .9531 .9583 .9635 .9688 .9740 .9792 .9844 .9896 .9948

1.0000

K-108

U.S. and Metric System Equivalents

Length

Unit MetersYardsFeetInchesCentimetersMillimeters

1 Millimeter1 Centimeter1 Inch1 Foot1 Yard1 Meter

1.010.0

25.4001304.801914.402

1000

.101.0

2.5400130.480191.4402

100

.03937.39371.01236

39.37

.003281

.032808

.0833331.03.0

3.28083

.001094

.010936

.027778

.3333331.0

1.09361

.001.01

.025400

.304801

.9144021.0

Unit Miles (Statute)FurlongsRodsMetersYardsFeet

1 Rod

1 Furlong1 Kilometer1 Mile (statute)

16.5

6603280.85280

5.5

2201093.61760

5.02921

201.1681000

1609.35

1.0

4.0199320

.025 (1/40)

1.04.9718.0

.003125 (1/320)

.125 (1/8).62137

1.0

1 Nautical Mile = 1.15155 status miles = 1/3 league.1 Light Year = 5.879 trillion miles = 9.46 trillion kilometers.

Weight

UnitPounds(Avoir.)

Pounds(Troy)

Ounces(Avoir.)

Ounces(Troy)GramsGrains

1 Grain1 Gram1 Ounce (Troy)1 Ounce (Avoir.)1 Pound (Troy)1 Pound (Avoir.)1 Kilogram

1.015.4324

480437.557607000

15432.4

.0647991.0

31.103528.3495373.242453.592

1000

.002083

.0321511.0

.91145812

14.583332.1507

.002286

.0352741.09714

1.013.1657

1635.2740

.000143

.002205

.068571.0625

.8228571.0

2.20462

.000174

.002679

.083333

.0759551.0

1.215282.67923

Kilo-grams

.000065.001

.031104

.028350

.373242

.4535921.0

Unit Gross (Long) Tons

Net (Short) Tons

MetricTons

Pounds(Avoir.)

Pounds(Troy)

Kilo-grams

1 Metric Ton1 Net (Short) Ton1 Gross (Long) Ton

1000907.185

1016.05

2679.232430.56

2722.22

2204.622000

2240

1.0.907185

1.01605

1.102311.0

1.12

.984206

.892857

1.0

K-109


Volume and Capacity

UnitGals.

(Liquid)Quarts (Dry)

Quarts (Liquids)Liters

Cubic Inches

Cubic Centi-meters

Cubic Feet

Gal. (Dry)

1 Cu. Centimeter1 Cu. Inch1 Gill1 Pint (liquid)1 Pint (Dry)1 Liter1 Quart (liquid)1 Quart (dry)1 Gallon (liquid)1 Gallon (dry)1 Peck1 Cu. Foot1 Bushel 1 Barrel 1 Cu. Yard1 Cu. Meter

1.016.387118.29473.18550.621000

946.361101.23785.44404.98809.828317.035293.3119241.2764559.41000000

.061021.0

7.218828.87533.60061.02357.7567.201

231268.80537.611728

2150.47276.546656

61023.4

.001.01639.11829.47318.55062

1.0.946361.10123.78544.40498.809828.31735.239119.24764.561000

.00106

.01723.125.50

.581821.0564

1.01.1637

4.04.65469.309229.92237.237

126807.901056.7

.00091

.01488

.10742

.42968.50

.90808

.859371.0

3.43754.08.0

25.71432

108.28694.28908.08

.00026

.00433

.03125.125

.14546

.26417.25

.290911.0

1.16362.32737.48059.309231.5

201.97264.17

.00023

.00372

.01686

.10742.125

.22702

.21484.25

.859371.02.0

6.42858.0

27.070173.57227.02

.00004

.00058

.00418

.01671

.01845

.03531

.03342

.03889

.13368

.15556.31111

1.01.24454.2109

2735.314

Area

UnitSquareInches

SquareFeet

SquareYards

SquareMeters

1 Square Foot1 Square Yard1 Square Meter1 Square Rod1 Acre1 Square Mile (640 Acres)1 Square Kilometer

1441296155039204155000

--

1.09.0

10.7639272.251076.39

2787840010763867

.11111.0

1.1959930.25

119.59930976001195985

.09290

.836131.0

25.293100

25899991000000

K-110


Conversion TableFractions to Decimals

to Metric

Fraction of Inch

Decimal of Inch

Fraction of Inch

Decimal of InchMillimeters Millimeters

1/641/323/641/16

5/643/327/641/8

9/645/3211/643/16

13/647/3215/64

1/4

17/649/3219/645/16

21/6411/3223/643/8

25/6413/3227/647/16

29/6415/3231/641/2

.0156

.0313

.0469

.0625

.0781

.0938

.1094

.1250

.1406

.1562

.1719

.1875

.2031

.2188

.2344

.2500

.2656

.2813

.2969

.3125

.3281

.3438

.3594

.3750

.3906

.4063

.4219

.4375

.4531

.4688

.4844

.5000

.397

.7941.1911.588

1.9842.3812.7783.175

3.5723.9694.3664.763

5.1595.5565.9536.350

6.7477.1447.5417.938

8.3348.7319.1289.525

9.92210.31910.71611.113

11.50911.90612.30312.700

33/6417/3235/649/16

37/6419/3239/645/8

41/6421/3243/6411/16

45/6423/3247/643/4

49/6425/3251/6413/16

53/6427/3255/647/8

57/6429/3259/6415/16

61/6431/3263/64

1”

.5156

.5313

.5469

.5625

.5781

.5938.60994.6250

.6406

.6563

.6719

.6875

.7031

.7188

.7344

.7500

.7656

.7813

.7969

.8125

.8281

.8438

.8594

.8750

.8906

.9063

.9219

.9375

.9531

.9688

.98441.0000

13.09713.49413.89114.288

14.68415.08115.47815.875

16.27216.66917.06617.463

17.85918.25618.65319.050

19.44719.84420.24120.638

21.03421.43121.82822.225

22.62223.01923.41623.813

24.20924.60625.00325.400

To convert a fraction to millimeters, determine its decimal equivalent, and then multiply the decimal by 25.4. Thus 21/64 in. = .3281 in. = 8.333374 mm. or 8.334 mm.

K-111

Geometric Formulas

CIRCLEArea = Square of Diamter x .7854 or Square of Radius x 3.1416Circumference = Diamter x 3.1416Diamter = circumference x .3183Doubling diameter increases area four times; tripling diameter increases are nine times, etc.

SQUAREArea = Square of SideDiagonal = Side x 1.4142Side = Diagonal x .7071

SQUARE INSCRIBED IN CIRCLESide of Square = Diameter of Circle x .7071 or Circumference of Circle x .2251Diameter of Circle = Side of Square x 1.4142Circumference of Circle = Side of Square x 4.4429

RECTANGLEArea = Length x WidthDiagonal = Square root of sum of squares of Width and Length

SQUARE AND CIRCLE WITH EQUAL AREASide of Square = Diameter of Circle x .8862Diameter of Circle = Side of Square x 1.128Circumference of Circle = Side of Square x 3.545

TRIANGLEArea = Base x 1/2 of Perpendicular Height

HEXAGON (EQUAL SIDES AND ANGLES)Area = Square of Distance across Flats x .866 or Square of Side x 2.598Side = 1/2 of Diagonal or Distance across Flats x .577Diagonal = Distance across Flats x 1.155 or Side x 2

OCTAGON (EQUAL SIDES AND ANGLES)Area = Square of Distance across Flats x .828 or Square of Side x 4.828Side = Diagonal x .383 or Distance across Flats x .414Diagonal = Distance across Flats x 1.082 or Side x 2.613

CUBEArea of Surface = Square of Side x 6Volume = Cube of SideDiagonal = Side x 1.732

SPHEREArea of Surface = Square of Diameter x 3.1416Volume = Cube of Diameter x .5236

K-112

Geometric Formulas(continued)

CYLINDERArea of Curved Surface = Diameter x Length x 3.1416Volume = Square of Diameter x Length x .7854

CONEArea of Curved Surface = Diameter of Base x Slant Height x 1.5708Volume = Diameter of Base Squared x Perpendicular Height x .2618 or Area of Base x 1/3 Perpendicular Height

PYRAMIDLateral Surface Area (not incl. base) = Perimeter of Base x 1/2 Slant HeightVolume = Area of Base x 1/3 Perpendicular Height

K-113

Sum

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eral

cor

rosi

on-r

esis

ting

and

low

- or h

igh-

tem

pera

ture

ser

vice

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Fitti

ngs

&Fl

ange

s

Stai

nles

sSt

eel

Stru

ctur

als,

Pl

ates

& B

ars

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

StandardSpecificationforF

orgedorRolledAlloyand

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Pip

e Fl

ange

s, F

orge

d Fi

tting

s, V

alve

s an

d P

arts

for H

igh-

Tem

pera

ture

Ser

vice

StandardSpecificationforA

lloy-SteelandStainlessSteel

Bol

ting

Mat

eria

ls fo

r Hig

h-Te

mpe

ratu

re o

r Hig

h P

ress

ure

Ser

vice


arbonandAlloySteelNutsfor

Bol

ts fo

r Hig

h P

ress

ure

or H

igh-

Tem

pera

ture

Ser

vice

, or

Bot

h


eamlessFerriticandAustenitic

Allo

y-S

teel

Boi

ler,

Sup

erhe

ater

and

Hea

t-Exc

hang

er T

ubes


ipingFittingsofW

roughtCarbon

Ste

el a

nd A

lloy

Ste

el fo

r Mod

erat

e an

d H

igh

Tem

pera

ture

Ser

vice


hrom

iumandChrom

ium-Nickel

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Pla

te, S

heet

and

Stri

p

StandardSpecificationforH

igh-StrengthLow

-Alloy

Stru

ctur

al S

teel

StandardSpecificationforW

eldedAusteniticSteelBoiler,

Sup

erhe

ater

, Hea

t-Exc

hang

er a

nd C

onde

nser

Tub

es


eldedandSeamless

Ste

el P

ipe

Pile

s


eamlessandW

eldedFerritic

and

Mar

tens

itic

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Tub

ing

for G

ener

al S

ervi

ce


eamlessandW

eldedAustenitic

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Tub

ing

for G

ener

al S

ervi

ce

K-115

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

270/

A27

0M-1

0

A27

6-10

A28

3/A

283M

A28

5/A

285M

A29

5/A

295M

-09

A30

7

A30

8/A

308M

-10

A31

1/A

311M

-04

A31

2/A

312M

A32

2-07

A32

5


eamlessandW

eldedAustenitic

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

San

itary

Tub

ing


tainlessSteelBarsandShapes

StandardSpecificationforLow

andIntermediateTensile

Stre

ngth

Car

bon

Ste

el P

late

s


ressureVe

sselPlates,Carbon

Ste

el, L

ow-a

nd In

term

edia

te T

ensi

le S

treng

th


igh-CarbonAnti-Friction

Bea

ring

Ste

el


arbonSteelBoltsandStuds,

60,0

00 P

SI T

ensi

le S

treng

th


teelSheet,Terne(Lead-TinAl-

loy)

Coa

ted

by th

e H

ot-D

ip P

roce

ss


old-Drawn,Stress-Relieved

Car

bon

Ste

el B

ars

Sub

ject

to M

echa

nica

l Pro

perty

R

equi

rem

ents


eamless,W

eldedandHeavily

Col

d W

orke

d A

uste

nitic

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Pip

es


teelBars,Alloy,Standard

Gra

des


tructuralBolts,S

teel,

Hea

t Tre

ated

, 120

/105

ksi

Min

imum

Ten

sile

Stre

ngth

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

sSt

eel

Plat

es

Plat

es

Bar

s

Fast

ener

s

Shee

ts &

Coi

l

Bar

s

Stai

nles

sSt

eel

Bar

s

Fast

ener

s

Gra

des

of s

eam

less

, wel

ded,

and

hea

vily

col

d w

orke

d au

sten

itic

and

ferr

itic/

aust

eniti

c st

ainl

ess

stee

l san

itary

tubi

ng in

tend

ed fo

r us

e in

the

dairy

and

food

indu

stry

and

hav

ing

spec

ial s

urfa

ce

finishes.Pharmaceuticalqualitymayberequested,asasupple

-m

enta

ry re

quire

men

t

Variousshapesofhot-finishedorcold-finishedbars,exceptbars

for r

efor

ging

Pla

tes

Pla

tes

that

are

inte

nded

for f

usio

n-w

elde

d pr

essu

re v

esse

ls

Bea

ring-

qual

ity s

teel

to b

e us

ed in

the

man

ufac

ture

of

anti-

frict

ion

bear

ings

Bol

ts a

nd a

ncho

r rod

s

Coi

ls a

nd c

ut le

ngth

s co

ated

with

lead

-tin

allo

y by

the

hot-d

ip p

roce

ss

Vario

us c

lass

es, g

rade

s an

d co

nditi

ons

Pip

e th

at is

inte

nded

for h

igh-

tem

pera

ture

and

gene

ral c

orro

sive

ser

vice

Hot

-wro

ught

allo

y st

eel b

ars

Hig

h-S

treng

th B

olts

(not

anc

hor r

ods;

see

F15

54)

K-116

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

325M

A33

3/A

333M

A33

5/A

335M

A35

0/A

350M

-10

A35

4

A37

0

A37

6/A

376M

-06

A38

7/A

387M

-11

A40

3/A

403M

-10

A42

0/A

420M

-10a

A42

4/A

424M

A43

4-06

A43

5/A

435M

Met

ric H

igh-

Stre

ngth

Bol

ts

Car

bon

and

allo

y st

eel p

ipe

inte

nded

for u

se a

t low

tem

pera

ture

s

Ferr

itic

allo

y-st

eel p

ipe

inte

nded

for u

se a

t hig

h te

mpe

ratu

res

Sev

eral

gra

des

of c

arbo

n an

d lo

w-a

lloy

stee

l for

ged

or ri

ng-

rolledflanges,forgedfittingsandvalvesintendedprim

arilyfor

low

-tem

pera

ture

ser

vice

and

requ

iring

not

ch to

ughn

ess

test

ing

Bol

ts a

nd a

ncho

r rod

s

Mec

hani

cal t

estin

g of

ste

el

Vario

us g

rade

s of

pip

e in

tend

ed fo

r hig

h-te

mpe

ratu

rece

ntra

l-sta

tion

serv

ice

Pla

tes

for w

elde

d bo

ilers

and

pre

ssur

e ve

ssel

s de

sign

ed fo

rel

evat

ed te

mpe

ratu

re s

ervi

ce

Wroughtausteniticstainlesssteelfittingsforpressurepiping

appl

icat

ions

Wroughtcarbonsteelandalloysteelpipefittingsofseamless

and

wel

ded

cons

truct

ion

for u

se in

pre

ssur

e pi

ping

and

pre

s-su

re v

esse

l ser

vice

at l

ow te

mpe

ratu

res

She

et s

teel

in c

oils

and

cut

leng

ths

for p

orce

lain

ena

mel

ing

Hot-wroughtandcold-finishedquenchedandtempered

allo

y st

eel b

ars

Ultr

ason

ic te

stin

g

Fast

ener

s

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Fast

ener

s

Test

ing

Stai

nles

sSt

eel

Plat

es

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Fitti

ngs

&Fl

ange

s

Shee

ts &

C

oils

Bar

s

Test

ing


tructuralBolts,S

teel,H

eat

Trea

ted

830

MP

a M

inim

um T

ensi

le S

treng

th (M

etric

)


eamlessandW

eldedSteel

Pip

e fo

r Low

-Tem

pera

ture

Ser

vice


eamlessFerriticAlloy-Steel

Pip

e fo

r Hig

h-Te

mpe

ratu

re S

ervi

ce


arbonandLow-AlloySteel

Forg

ings

, Req

uirin

g N

otch

Tou

ghne

ss T

estin

g fo

r Pip

ing

Com

pone

nts

StandardSpecificationforQ

uenchedandTemperedAlloy

Ste

el B

olts

, Stu

ds a

nd o

ther

Ext

erna

lly T

hrea

ded

Fast

ener

s

StandardTestMethodsandDefinitionsforM

echanical

Test

ing

of S

teel

Pro

duct

s


eamlessAusteniticSteelPipe

for H

igh-

Tem

pera

ture

Cen

tral-S

tatio

n S

ervi

ce


ressureVe

sselPlates,Alloy

Ste

el, C

hrom

ium

-Mol

ybde

num


roughtAusteniticStainless

Ste

el P

ipin

g Fi

tting

s


ipingFittingsofW

roughtCarbon

Ste

el a

nd A

lloy

Ste

el fo

r Low

-Tem

pera

ture

Ser

vice


teel,S

heet,forPorcelain

Ena

mel

ing


teelBars,Alloy,Hot-W

rought

or C

old-

Fini

shed

, Que

nche

d an

d Te

mpe

red


traight-BeamUltrasonic

Exa

min

atio

n of

Ste

el P

late

s

K-117

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

449

A46

3/A

463M

A47

9/A

479M

-10a

A48

0/A

480M

-11a

A49

0

A49

0M

A50

0/A

500M

A50

1

A51

2-06

A51

3

A51

4/A

514M

A51

5/A

515M


uenchedandTempered

Ste

el B

olts

and

Stu

ds


teelSheet,A

luminum

-Coated,

by th

e H

ot-D

ip P

roce

ss


tainlessSteelBarsand

Sha

pes

for U

se in

Boi

lers

and

Oth

er P

ress

ure

Vess

els


eneralRequirementsforF

lat-

Rol

led

Sta

inle

ss a

nd H

eat-R

esis

ting

Ste

el P

late

, She

et

and

Stri

p


tructuralBolts,A

lloySteel,Heat

Trea

ted,

150

ksi

Min

imum

Ten

sile

Stre

ngth


igh-StrengthSteelBolts,

Cla

sses

10.

9 an

d 10

.9.3

for S

truct

ural

Ste

el J

oint

s (M

etric

)


old-FormedW

eldedand

Sea

mle

ss C

arbo

n S

teel

Stru

ctur

al T

ubin

g in

Rou

nds

and

Sha

pes


ot-FormedW

eldedand

Sea

mle

ss C

arbo

n S

teel

Stru

ctur

al T

ubin

g


old-DrawnButtweldCarbon

Ste

el M

echa

nica

l Tub

ing



Car

bon

and

Allo

y S

teel

Mec

hani

cal T

ubin

g


igh-YieldStrength,Q

uenched

and

Tem

pere

d A

lloy

Ste

el P

late

, Sui

tabl

e fo

r Wel

ding


ressureVe

sselPlates,Carbon

Ste

el, f

or In

term

edia

te-a

nd-H

ighe

r-Te

mpe

ratu

re S

ervi

ce

Fast

ener

s

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Stai

nles

sSt

eel

Stai

nles

sSt

eel

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Plat

es

Plat

es

Bol

ts a

nd a

ncho

r rod

s

Coi

ls a

nd c

ut le

ngth

s w

ith tw

o ty

pes

of a

lum

inum

coa

ting

and

seve

ral c

oatin

g w

eigh

ts

Varioushot-finishedorcold-finishedshapesforusein

boile

r and

pre

ssur

e ve

ssel

con

stru

ctio

n

Generalrequirementsforflat-rolledstainlessandheat-

resi

stin

g st

eel p

late

, she

et a

nd s

trip

Hig

h-S

treng

th B

olts

(not

anc

hor r

ods;

see

F55

4)

Met

ric H

igh-

Stre

ngth

Bol

ts

Rou

nd, R

ecta

ngul

ar a

nd S

quar

e H

SS

(not

pip

e; s

ee A

53)

Rec

tang

ular

, rou

nd a

nd s

quar

e H

SS

(not

pip

e; s

ee A

53)

Rec

tang

ular

, rou

nd, s

quar

e or

spe

cial

sha

pem

echa

nica

l tub

ing

Rec

tang

ular

, rou

nd, s

quar

e an

d sp

ecia

l sha

pe tu

bing

mad

e fro

m h

ot o

r col

d ro

lled

stee

l

Pla

tes

Pla

tes

prim

arily

inte

nded

for u

se in

wel

ded

boile

rs a

ndot

her p

ress

ure

vess

els

K-118

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

516/

A51

6M

A51

9

A52

9/A

529M

A55

4-10

A56

3

A56

4/A

564-

10

A56

8/A

568M

A57

2/A

572M

A57

5-96

A57

6-90

b

A57

8/A

578M

A58

2/A

582M

-05

A58

8/A

588M

Pla

tes

prim

arily

inte

nded

for u

se in

wel

ded

pres

sure

ves

sels

whe

re im

prov

ed n

otch

toug

hnes

s is

impo

rtant

Sev

eral

gra

des

of c

arbo

n an

d al

loy

mec

hani

cal t

ubin

g, e

ither

hot-finishedorcold-finished

Sha

pes,

pla

tes

and

bars

Mec

hani

cal a

pplic

atio

ns w

here

app

eara

nce,

mec

hani

cal

prop

ertie

s or

cor

rosi

on re

sist

ance

is n

eede

d

Nut

s

Varioushot-finishedorcold-finishedshapesofage-harden-

ing

stai

nles

s st

eel

Gen

eral

requ

irem

ents

for s

teel

she

ets

in c

oils

and

cut l

engt

hs

M, S

, HP,

C, M

C, L

, Pla

tes,

Bar

s (a

lso

cove

rs, b

ut is

no

long

er c

omm

on fo

r W-S

hape

s; s

ee A

992)

Hot

-wro

ught

mer

chan

t qua

lity

carb

on s

teel

bar

s pr

oduc

edto

a c

hem

ical

com

posi

tion

Hot

-wro

ught

spe

cial

qua

lity

carb

on s

teel

bar

s

Ultr

ason

ic te

stin

g

Variousshapesofhot-finishedorcold-finishedbars,except

bars

for f

orgi

ng, s

uita

ble

for m

achi

ning

pro

cess

es.

Wea

ther

ing

Ste

el fo

r W, M

, SW

, HP,

C, M

C, L

, Pla

tes

& B

ars

Plat

es

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Stru

ctur

als,

Pl

ates

& B

ars

Stai

nles

sSt

eel

Fast

ener

s

Stai

nles

sSt

eel

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Stru

ctur

als,

Pl

ates

& B

ars

Bar

s

Bar

s

Test

ing

Stai

nles

sSt

eel

Stru

ctur

als,

Pl

ates

& B

ars


ressureVe

sselPlates,Carbon

Ste

el, f

or M

oder

ate-

and-

Low

er-T

empe

ratu

re S

ervi

ce


eamlessCarbonandAlloySteel

Mec

hani

cal T

ubin

g


igh-Strength

Car

bon-

Man

gane

se S

teel

of S

truct

ural

Qua

lity


eldedStainlessSteel

Mec

hani

cal T

ubin

g


arbonandAlloySteelNuts


ot-RolledandCold-Finished

Age

-Har

deni

ng S

tain

less

Ste

el B

ars

and

Sha

pes


teel,S

heet,C

arbon,Structural

and

Hig

h-S

treng

th, L

ow-A

lloy,

Hot

-Rol

led

and

Col

d-R

olle

d


igh-Strength,Low

-Alloy,

Col

umbi

um-V

anad

ium

Stru

ctur

al S

teel


teelBars,Carbon,Merchant

Qua

lity,

M-G

rade

s


teelBars,Carbon,Hot-W

rought,

Spe

cial

Qua

lity



Exa

min

atio

n of

Rol

led

Ste

el P

late

s fo

r Spe

cial

App

licat

ions


ree-MachiningStainless

Ste

el B

ars


igh-Strength,Low

-Alloy,

Stru

ctur

al S

teel

, up

to 5

0 ks

i [34

5MP

a] M

inim

um Y

ield

P

oint

with

Atm

osph

eric

Cor

rosi

on R

esis

tanc

e

K-119

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

589/

A58

9M

A60

6/A

606M

A61

5/A

615M

A61

8/A

618M

A63

5/A

635M

A65

3/A

653M

A65

6/A

656M

A66

6-10

A66

8/A

668M

A67

3/A

673M

A68

1-08


eamlessandW

eldedCarbon

Ste

el W

ater

-Wel

l Pip

e


teel,S

heetandStrip,

Hig

h-S

treng

th, L

ow-A

lloy,

Hot

-Rol

led

and

Col

d-R

olle

d,

with

Impr

oved

Atm

osph

eric

Cor

rosi

on R

esis

tanc

e

StandardSpecificationforD

eformedandPlainCarbon-

Ste

el B

ars

for C

oncr

ete

Rei

nfor

cem

ent


ot-FormedW

eldedand

Sea

mle

ss H

igh-

Stre

ngth

Low

-Allo

y S

truct

ural

Tub

ing


teel,S

heetandStrip,

Hea

vy-T

hick

ness

Coi

ls, H

ot-R

olle

d, A

lloy,

Car

bon,

S

truct

ural

, Hig

h-S

treng

th L

ow-A

lloy

and

Hig

h-S

treng

th

Low

-Allo

y w

ith Im

prov

ed F

orm

abili

ty


teelSheet,Zinc-Coated

(Gal

vani

zed)

or Z

inc-

Iron

Allo

y-C

oate

d (G

alva

nnea

led)

by th

e H

ot-D

ip P

roce

ss


ot-RolledStructuralSteel,

Hig

h-S

treng

th L

ow-A

lloy

Pla

te w

ith Im

prov

ed F

orm

abili

ty


nnealedorCold-Worked

Aus

teni

tic S

tain

less

Ste

el S

heet

, Stri

p, P

late

and

Fla

t Bar


teelForgings,Carbonand

Allo

y, fo

r Gen

eral

Indu

stria

l Use


amplingProcedurefor

Impa

ct T

estin

g of

Stru

ctur

al S

teel

StandardSpecificationforToolSteelsAlloy

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Shee

ts &

Coi

l

Spec

ialty

Prod

ucts

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Shee

ts &

Coi

l

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Plat

es

Stai

nles

sSt

eel

Mis

cella

neou

s

Test

ing

Spec

ialty

Prod

ucts

Fourspecifictypesofpipeforuseinwaterwells

Coi

ls a

nd c

ut le

ngth

s of

she

et a

nd s

trip

for s

truct

ural

and

mis

cella

neou

s pu

rpos

es

Vario

us g

rade

s in

cut

leng

ths

and

coils

Rec

tang

ular

, rou

nd a

nd s

quar

e H

SS

(not

pip

e; s

ee A

53)

Gen

eral

requ

irem

ents

for h

eavy

thic

knes

s sh

eet a

ndst

rip c

oils

Coa

ted

stee

l she

et in

coi

ls a

nd c

ut le

ngth

s

Thre

e ty

pes

and

four

stre

ngth

gra

des

of h

ot ro

lled

stru

ctur

al s

teel

pla

te w

ith im

prov

ed fo

rmab

ility

Diff

eren

t sha

pes

in th

e an

neal

ed a

nd n

orm

ally

requ

ired

cold

-wor

ked

cond

ition

s

Sta

ndar

d re

quire

men

ts fo

r unt

reat

ed a

nd h

eat-t

reat

ed c

ar-

bon

and

allo

y st

eel f

orgi

ngs

for g

ener

al in

dust

rial u

se

CV

N te

stin

g

Che

mic

al, m

echa

nica

l and

phy

sica

l req

uire

men

ts fo

rav

aila

ble

wro

ught

allo

y to

ol s

teel

pro

duct

s

K-120

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

693-

06

A69

4/A

694M

-08

A70

9/A

709M

A73

9-90

a

A75

9

A77

0/A

770M

A77

4/A

774M

-09

A77

8-01

A78

0/A

780M

A78

6/A

786M

A78

9/A

789M

-10a

Pre

cipi

tatio

n-ha

rden

ing

stai

nles

s st

eel p

late

, she

et a

nd s

trip

Forgedorrolledsteelpipeflanges,forgedfittings,valvesand

parts

sui

tabl

e fo

r use

with

hig

h-st

reng

th tr

ansm

issi

on-s

ervi

ce

pipe

Sha

pes,

Pla

tes

and

Bar

s fo

r Brid

ges

Ferr

itic

allo

y st

eel b

ars

for e

leva

ted

tem

pera

ture

or p

ress

ure-

cont

aini

ng p

arts

sui

tabl

e fo

r fus

ion

wel

ding

or b

oth

Cra

ne ra

ils

Thro

ugh-

thic

knes

s te

nsio

n te

stin

g

Five

gra

des

of a

s-w

elde

d, w

roug

ht a

uste

nitic

sta

inle

ss s

teel

fittingsforlow

-pressurepipingandforlow

andmoderate

tem

pera

ture

s an

d ge

nera

l cor

rosi

ve s

ervi

ce

Inte

nded

for l

ow a

nd m

oder

ate

tem

pera

ture

s an

dco

rros

ive

serv

ice

whe

re tr

eatm

ent i

s no

t nec

essa

ry fo

r co

rros

ion

resi

stan

ce

Rep

air o

f dam

aged

hot

-dip

gal

vani

zed

coat

ings

Checkeredfloorplate

Gra

des

of n

omin

al w

all t

hick

ness

, sta

inle

ss s

teel

tubi

ng fo

rse

rvic

es re

quiri

ng g

ener

al c

orro

sion

resi

stan

ce, w

ith p

artic

ular

em

phas

is o

n re

sist

ance

to s

tress

cor

rosi

on c

rack

ing.

The

se

stee

ls a

re s

usce

ptib

le to

em

britt

lem

ent i

f use

d fo

r pro

long

ed

perio

ds a

t ele

vate

d te

mpe

ratu

res

Stai

nles

sSt

eel

Fitti

ngs

&Fl

ange

s

Stru

ctur

als,

Pl

ates

& B

ars

Bar

s

Stru

ctur

als

Test

ing

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Stai

nles

sSt

eel

Mis

cella

neou

s

Plat

es

Stai

nles

sSt

eel


recipitation-HardeningStainless

and

Hea

t-Res

istin

g S

teel

Pla

te, S

heet

and

Stri

p


arbonandAlloySteelForgings

for P

ipe

Flan

ges,

Fitt

ings

, Val

ves

and

Par

ts fo

r Hig

h-P

res-

sure

Tra

nsm

issi

on S

ervi

ce


arbonandHigh-Strength

Low

-Allo

y S

truct

ural

Ste

el S

hape

s, P

late

s, a

nd B

ars

and

Que

nche

d-an

d-Te

mpe

red

Allo

y S

truct

ural

Ste

el P

late

sfo

r Brid

ges



rought,for

Ele

vate

d Te

mpe

ratu

re o

r Pre

ssur

e-C

onta

inin

g P

arts

, or B

oth


arbonSteelCraneRails

StandardSpecificationforT

hrough-ThicknessTension

Test

ing

of S

teel

Pla

tes

for S

peci

al A

pplic

atio

ns


s-WeldedWroughtAustenitic

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Fitt

ings

for G

ener

al C

orro

sive

Ser

vice

at

Low

and

Mod

erat

e Te

mpe

ratu

res


elded,UnannealedAustenitic

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Tub

ular

Pro

duct

s

Sta

ndar

d P

ract

ice

for R

epai

r of D

amag

ed a

nd U

ncoa

ted

Are

as o

f Hot

-Dip

Gal

vani

zed

Coa

tings


otRolledCarbon,Low

-Alloy,

Hig

h-S

treng

th L

ow-A

lloy

and

Allo

y S

teel

Flo

or P

late

s


eamlessandW

eldedFerritic/

Aus

teni

tic S

tain

less

Ste

el T

ubin

g fo

r Gen

eral

Ser

vice

K-121

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

792/

A79

2M-1

0

A79

3-96

A81

5/A

815M

-10a

A82

9/A

829M

-06

A83

0/A

830M

A84

7

A85

2/A

852M

A85

8/A

858M

-10a

A86

0/A

860M

-10

A87

9/A

879M


teelSheet,55%

Aluminum

-Zi

nc A

lloy-

Coa

ted

by th

e H

ot-D

ip P

roce

ss

StandardSpecificationforR

olledFloorP

late,S

tainless

Ste

el


roughtFerritic,Ferritic/A

us-

teni

tic a

nd M

arte

nsiti

c S

tain

less

Ste

el P

ipin

g Fi

tting

s


lloyStructuralSteelPlates


lates,CarbonSteel,S

tructural

Qua

lity,

Fur

nish

ed to

Che

mic

al C

ompo

sitio

n R

equi

re-

men

ts


old-FormedW

eldedand

Sea

mle

ss H

igh-

Stre

ngth

, Low

-Allo

y S

truct

ural

Tub

ing

with

Im

prov

ed A

tmos

pher

ic C

orro

sion

Res

ista

nce


uenchedandTemperedLow-

Allo

y S

truct

ural

Ste

el P

late

with

70

ksi [

485M

Pa]

Min

imum

Yi

eld

Stre

ngth

to 4

in. [

100

mm

] Thi

ck


eat-T

reatedCarbonSteel

Fitti

ngs

for L

ow-T

empe

ratu

re a

nd C

orro

sive

Ser

vice


roughtHigh-StrengthLow

-A

lloy

Ste

el B

utt-W

eldi

ng F

ittin

gs


teelSheet,ZincCoatedbythe

Ele

ctro

lytic

Pro

cess

for A

pplic

atio

ns R

equi

ring

Des

igna

tion

of th

e C

oatin

g M

ass

on E

ach

Sur

face

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Stai

nles

sSt

eel

Fitti

ngs

&Fl

ange

s

Plat

es

Plat

es

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Plat

es

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Coi

ls a

nd c

ut le

ngth

s fo

r app

licat

ions

requ

iring

cor

rosi

onre

sist

ance

or h

eat r

esis

tanc

e or

bot

h

Standardforstainlesssteelfloorplates

Two

gene

ral c

lass

es, W

P an

d C

R, o

f wro

ught

ferr

itic,

ferr

itic/

austeniticandmartensiticstainlesssteelfittingsofseamless

and

wel

ded

cons

truct

ion

Allo

y st

ruct

ural

ste

el p

late

s

Car

bon

stee

l pla

tes

in s

tand

ard

and

non-

stan

dard

gra

des

Wea

ther

ing

stee

l for

Rec

tang

ular

, Rou

nd a

nd

Squ

are

HS

S (n

ot p

ipe)

Pla

tes

Heat-treatedwroughtcarbonsteelpipingfittingswithlow

-er

ed c

arbo

n co

nten

t of s

eam

less

and

ele

ctric

fusi

on-w

elde

d co

nstru

ctio

n fo

r low

-tem

pera

ture

and

cor

rosi

ve s

ervi

ceap

plic

atio

ns

Wroughthigh-strengthlow-alloybutt-weldingsteelfittingsof

seam

less

and

ele

ctric

fusi

on-w

elde

d co

nstru

ctio

n fo

r ap

plic

atio

ns in

hig

h-pr

essu

re g

as a

nd o

il tra

nsm

issi

on a

nddi

strib

utio

n sy

stem

s R

equi

rem

ents

for z

inc

coat

ings

app

lied

by th

e el

ectro

lytic

proc

ess

to a

ny g

rade

of h

ot-r

olle

d or

col

d-ro

lled

stee

l she

ets

K-122

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

913/

A91

3M

A92

4/A

924M

-10a

A99

2/A

992M

A96

0/A

960M

-10

A99

9/A

999-

04a

A10

08/A

1008

M-1

1

A10

11/A

1011

M

A10

18/A

1018

M

B3-

01

W, M

, S, H

P, C

, MC

, L, (

not a

ll sh

apes

pos

sibl

e;co

ntac

t man

ufac

ture

r)

Coi

ls a

nd c

ut le

ngth

s, m

etal

lic-c

oate

d on

con

tinuo

us li

nes

by th

e ho

t-dip

pro

cess

W (a

lso

cove

rs, b

ut is

not

yet

com

mon

in, M

, , H

P, C

, MC

, & L

)

Com

mon

requ

irem

ents

that

sha

ll ap

ply

to w

roug

ht s

teel

pip

ing

fittings.Thematerialshallconsistofforgings,bars,platesand

seam

less

or w

elde

d tu

bula

r pro

duct

s

Gen

eral

requ

irem

ents

- re

fer t

o in

divi

dual

pro

duct

specificationsforspecialrequirements

Coi

ls a

nd c

ut le

ngth

s in

var

ious

des

igna

tions

She

et a

nd s

trip

in c

oils

and

cut

leng

ths

Hea

vy-th

ickn

ess

stee

l she

et a

nd s

trip

coils

Dra

wn

and

anne

aled

or s

oft r

ound

bar

e co

pper

wire

for

elec

trica

l pur

pose

s

Stru

ctur

als

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Stru

ctur

als

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Stai

nles

sSt

eel

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r


igh-StrengthLow

-AlloySteel

Sha

pes

of S

truct

ural

Qua

lity,

Pro

duce

d by

Que

nchi

ng a

ndS

elf-T

empe

ring

Pro

cess

(QS

T)


eneralRequirementsforS

teel

She

et, M

etal

lic-C

oate

d by

the

Hot

-Dip

Pro

cess


tructuralSteelShapes


ommonRequirementsfor

Wro

ught

Ste

el P

ipin

g Fi

tting

s


eneralRequirementsfor

Allo

y an

d S

tain

less

Ste

el P

ipe


teel,S

heet,C

old-Rolled,Car

-bo

n, S

truct

ural

, Hig

h-S

treng

th L

ow-A

lloy,

Hig

h-S

treng

th L

ow

Allo

y w

ith Im

prov

ed F

orm

abili

ty, S

olut

ion

Har

dene

d an

dB

ake

Har

dena

ble


teel,S

heetandStrip,Hot-

Rol

led,

Car

bon,

Stru

ctur

al, H

igh-

Stre

ngth

Low

-Allo

y, H

igh-

Stre

ngth

Low

-Allo

y w

ith Im

prov

ed F

orm

abili

ty a

nd U

ltra-

Hig

h S

treng

th


teel,S

heetandStrip,Heavy-

Thic

knes

s C

oils

, Hot

-Rol

led,

Car

bon,

Com

mer

cial

, Dra

win

g,S

truct

ural

, Hig

h-S

treng

th L

ow-A

lloy,

Hig

h-S

treng

th L

ow A

lloy

with

Impr

oved

For

mab

ility

and

Ultr

a-H

igh

Stre

ngth


oftorA

nnealedCopperW

ire

K-123

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)B

16/B

16M

-10

B21

/B21

M-0

6

B36

/B36

M-0

8a

B42

-10

B43

-09

B68

/B68

M-1

1

B75

-02

B10

1-07

B10

3/B

103M

-10

B12

1/B

121M

-01


ree-CuttingBrassRod,B

ar

and

Sha

pes

for U

se in

Scr

ew M

achi

nes

StandardSpecificationforN

avalBrassRod,B

arand

Sha

pes

StandardSpecificationforB

rassPlate,S

heet,S

tripand

Rol

led

Bar


eamlessCopperP

ipe,

Sta

ndar

d S

izes


eamlessRedBrasspipe,

Sta

ndar

d S

izes


eamlessCopperT

ube,

Brig

ht A

nnea

led


eamlessCopperT

ube

StandardSpecificationforLead-CoatedCopperS

heet

and

Stri

p fo

r Bui

ldin

g C

onst

ruct

ion


hosphorB

ronzePlate,S

heet,

Stri

p an

d R

olle

d B

ar

StandardSpecificationforLeadedBrassPlate,

She

et, S

trip

and

Rol

led

Bar

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloy

UN

S C

3600

0 su

itabl

e fo

rhi

gh-s

peed

scr

ew m

achi

ning

app

licat

ions

and

mod

erat

eth

read

rolli

ng

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

4620

0, C

4640

0, C

4794

0,

C48

200

and

C48

500

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

2100

0, C

2200

0, C

2260

0,

C23

000,

C24

000,

C26

000,

C26

800,

C27

200

and

C28

000

Nom

inal

pip

e si

zes,

bot

h re

gula

r and

ext

ra-s

trong

, sui

tabl

efo

r use

in p

lum

bing

, boi

ler f

eed

lines

and

for s

imila

r pur

pose

s

Nom

inal

pip

e si

zes,

bot

h re

gula

r and

ext

ra-s

trong

in v

ario

uste

mpe

rs

Sea

mle

ss tu

be s

uita

ble

for u

se in

refri

gera

tion,

oil

lines

, ga

solin

e lin

es, a

nd s

o fo

rth, w

here

tube

with

an

inte

rior

surfa

ce e

ssen

tially

free

from

sca

le a

nd d

irt is

requ

ired

Sea

mle

ss re

ctan

gula

r, ro

und

and

squa

re c

oppe

r allo

y tu

besu

itabl

e fo

r gen

eral

eng

inee

ring

appl

icat

ions

Flatlengthsorcoilsofounce-weightthicknessforroofing,

flashing,gutters,dow

nspoutsandgeneralsheetmetal

wor

k in

bui

ldin

g co

nstru

ctio

n

Allo

ys o

f cop

per-

tin (p

hosp

hor b

ronz

e pl

ate)

, cop

per-

tin-le

ad(le

aded

pho

spho

r bro

nze)

and

cop

per-

tin-le

ad-z

inc

(bea

ring

bron

ze)

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

3350

0, C

3400

0, C

3450

0,

C35

000,

C35

300

and

C35

600

K-124

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)B

134/

B13

4M-0

8

B13

5-10

B13

9/B

139M

-07

B14

0/B

140M

-07

B15

0/B

150M

-08

B15

1/B

151M

-05

B15

2/B

152M

-09

B17

1/B

171M

-11e

1

B18

7/B

187M

-11

B20

9

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r hex

agon

al, o

ctag

onal

, rec

tang

ular

, rou

ndan

d sq

uare

bra

ss w

ire o

f UN

S A

lloy

C21

000,

C22

000,

C22

600,

C

2300

0, C

2400

0, C

2600

0, C

2700

0 an

d C

2740

0

Sea

mle

ss re

ctan

gula

r, ro

und

and

squa

re c

oppe

r allo

y tu

be in

stra

ight

leng

ths

in v

ario

us te

mpe

rs

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

5100

0, C

5210

0, C

5240

0,

C53

400

and

C54

400

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

3140

0, C

3160

0 an

dC

3200

0 us

ed fo

r scr

ew m

achi

ne a

pplic

atio

ns

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

6130

0, C

6140

0,

C61

900,

C62

300,

C62

400,

C63

000,

C63

020,

C63

200,

C64

200,

an

d C

6421

0

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

7060

0, C

7062

0,

C71

500,

C71

520,

C74

500,

C75

200,

C75

700,

C76

400,

C77

000

and

C79

200

Vario

us c

oppe

r allo

ys u

sed

to p

rodu

ce s

heet

, stri

p, p

late

and

rolle

d ba

r

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

3650

0, C

4430

0, C

4440

0,

C44

500,

C46

400,

C46

500,

C61

300,

C61

400,

C63

000,

C63

200,

C

7060

0, C

7062

0, C

7150

0, C

7152

0 an

d C

7220

0

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r cop

per c

ondu

ctor

bar

s an

d sh

apes

for b

oth

elec

trica

l (bu

s) a

nd g

ener

al a

pplic

atio

ns

Coiledsheet,flatsheetandplateinvariousalloys,

tempersandfinishes

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Alu

min

um


rassW

ire


eamlessBrassTube


hosphorB

ronzeRod,B

arand

Sha

pes


opper-Zinc-Lead(RedBrassor

Har

dwar

e B

ronz

e) R

od, B

ar a

nd S

hape

s


luminum

BronzeRod,B

arand

Sha

pes


opper-Nickel-ZincAlloy

(Nic

kel S

ilver

) and

Cop

per-

Nic

kel R

od a

nd B

ar


opperS

heet,S

trip,Plateand

Rol

led

Bar


opper-AlloyPlateandSheetfor

Pre

ssur

e Ve

ssel

s, C

onde

nser

s an

d H

eat E

xcha

nger

s


opper,BusBar,R

od,S

hapes

and

Gen

eral

Pur

pose

Rod

, Bar

and

Sha

pes


luminum

andAluminum

-Alloy

K-125

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)B

210-

04

B21

1-03

B22

1-08

B24

1-B

241M

-10

B30

1/B

301M

-08

B30

8/B

308M

-10

B31

7/B

317M

-07

B37

0-09

B42

9/B

429M

-10

B45

3/B

453M

-08

B50

5/B

505M

-10


luminum

andAluminum

-Alloy

Dra

wn

Sea

mle

ss T

ubes


luminum

andAluminum

-Alloy

Bar

, Rod

and

Wire


luminum

andAluminum

-Alloy

ExtrudedBars,Rods,W

ire,P

rofilesandTubes


luminum

andAluminum

-Alloy

Sea

mle

ss P

ipe

and

Sea

mle

ss E

xtru

ded

Tube


ree-CuttingCopperR

od,B

ar,

Wire

and

Sha

pes


luminum

-Alloy6061-T6

StandardStructuralProfiles


luminum

-AlloyExtrudedBar,

Rod,Tube,Pipe,StructuralProfilesandProfilesforE

lec-

trica

l Pur

pose

s (B

us C

ondu

ctor

)


opperS

heetandStripfor

Bui

ldin

g C

onst

ruct

ion


luminum

-AlloyExtruded

Stru

ctur

al P

ipe

and

Tube


opper-Zinc-LeadAlloy

(Lea

ded

Bra

ss) R

od, B

ar a

nd S

hape

s


opperA

lloyContinuousCast-

Alu

min

um

Alu

min

um

Alu

min

um

Alu

min

um

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Alu

min

um

Alu

min

um

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Alu

min

um

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e an

d C

oppe

r

Bra

ss, B

ronz

ean

d C

oppe

r

Sea

mle

ss tu

bes

in s

traig

ht le

ngth

s an

d co

ils fo

r gen

eral

purp

ose

and

pres

sure

app

licat

ions

Bar,rodandwireinvariousalloys,tem

persandfinishes

Extrudedshapesinvariousalloys,tem

persandfinishes

Vario

us a

lloys

of s

eam

less

pip

e an

d se

amle

ss e

xtru

ded

tube

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

1450

0, C

1451

0, C

1452

0,C

1470

0 an

d C

1870

0 su

itabl

e fo

r hig

h-sp

eed

scre

w m

achi

new

ork

or fo

r gen

eral

app

licat

ions

Lim

ited

to I-

beam

s, H

-bea

ms,

cha

nnel

s, a

ngle

s, te

es a

ndze

es, w

hich

sha

ll be

pro

duce

d by

hot

ext

rudi

ng o

nly

6101

alu

min

um-a

lloy

in s

elec

ted

tem

pers

for u

se a

sel

ectri

cal c

ondu

ctor

s




wor

k in

bui

ldin

g co

nstru

ctio

n

6061

and

606

3 ex

trude

d pi

pes

and

tube

s in

tend

ed fo

r use

in s

truct

ural

app

licat

ions

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

3350

0, C

3400

0, C

3450

0,

C35

000,

C35

300

and

C35

600

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r con

tinuo

usly

cas

t rod

, bar

, tub

e an

d sh

apes

prod

uced

from

cop

per a

lloys

with

nom

inal

com

posi

tions

K-126

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)B

632/

B63

2M-0

8

B69

5

E94

E165

E709

E103

2

F436

F959

F126

7-07

F155

4

F185

2

Alu

min

um-a

lloy

rolle

d tre

ad p

late

in v

ario

us a

lloys

,tempersandfinishes

Mec

hani

cal G

alva

nizi

ng

Rad

iogr

aphi

c te

stin

g

Dye

-pen

etra

nt te

stin

g

Mag

netic

par

ticle

test

ing

Mag

netic

par

ticle

test

ing

Was

hers

DTI

Was

hers

Exp

ande

d m

etal

sha

ll be

mad

e fro

m c

omm

erci

al s

teel

, car

bon

stee

l she

ets

or fr

om s

tain

less

ste

el s

heet

s. -

Type

I-ex

pand

ed o

rTypeII-expandedandflattened-C

lass1-uncoated,Class2-

hot-d

ip z

inc

unco

ated

or C

lass

3-c

orro

sion

resi

stin

g st

eel,

Gra

de A

and

Gra

de B

Anc

hor R

ods

Twis

t-off

type

tens

ion

cont

rol b

olts

in A

325

stre

ngth

leve

l

Alu

min

um

Mis

cella

neou

s

Test

ing

Test

ing

Test

ing

Test

ing

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s

Spec

ialty

Pr

oduc

ts

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s


luminum

-Alloy

Rol

led

Trea

d P

late


oatingsofZincMechanically

Dep

osite

d on

Iron

and

Ste

el

Sta

ndar

d G

uide

for R

adio

grap

hic

Exa

min

atio

n

Sta

ndar

d Te

st M

etho

d fo

r Liq

uid

Pen

etra

nt E

xam

inat

ion

for G

ener

al In

dust

ry

Sta

ndar

d G

uide

for M

agne

tic P

artic

le T

estin

g

Sta

ndar

d te

st M

etho

d fo

r Rad

iogr

aphi

c E

xam

inat

ion

of W

eldm

ents


ardenedSteelW

ashers


ompressible-Washer-Type

Dire

ct T

ensi

on In

dica

tors

for U

se w

ith S

truct

ural

Fas

tene

rs

StandardSpecificationforM

etal,E

xpanded,Steel


nchorB

olts,S

teel,36,55and

105

ksi Y

ield

Stre

ngth

StandardSpecificationfor“Tw

ist-O

ff”TypeTensionControl

Stru

ctur

al B

olt/W

ashe

r Ass

embl

ies,

Ste

el, H

eat T

reat

ed,

120/

105

ksi M

inim

um T

ensi

le S

treng

th

K-127

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y Pr

oduc

t, Th

en A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

759

A91

3/A

913M

A99

2/A

992M

A6/

A6M

A36

/A36

M

A24

2/A

242M

A52

9/A

529M

A57

2/A

572M

A58

8/A

588M

A70

9/A

709M

A10

8


arbonSteelCraneRails


igh-StrengthLow

-AlloySteel

Sha

pes

of S

truct

ural

Qua

lity,

Pro

duce

d by

Que

nchi

ng a

ndS

elf-T

empe

ring

Pro

cess

(QS

T)


tructuralSteelShapes


eneralRequirementsforR

olled

Stru

ctur

al S

teel

Bar

s, P

late

s, S

hape

s an

d S

heet

Pili

ng


arbonStructuralSteel


igh-StrengthLow

-Alloy

Stru

ctur

al S

teel


igh-Strength

Car

bon-

Man

gane

se S

teel

of S

truct

ural

Qua

lity


igh-Strength,Low

-Alloy,

Col

umbi

um-V

anad

ium

Stru

ctur

al S

teel


igh-Strength,Low

-Alloy,

Stru

ctur

al S

teel

, up

to 5

0 ks

i [34

5MP

a] M

inim

um Y

ield

P

oint

with

Atm

osph

eric

Cor

rosi

on R

esis

tanc

e


arbonandHigh-Strength

Low

-Allo

y S

truct

ural

Ste

el S

hape

s, P

late

s, a

nd B

ars

and

Que

nche

d-an

d-Te

mpe

red

Allo

y S

truct

ural

Ste

el P

late

sfo

r Brid

ges


teelBar,C

arbonandAlloy,

Col

d-Fi

nish

ed

Stru

ctur

als

St

ruct

ural

s

Stru

ctur

als

Stru

ctur

als,

Pl

ates

& B

ars

Stru

ctur

als,

Pl

ates

& B

ars

Stru

ctur

als,

Pl

ates

& B

ars

Stru

ctur

als,

Pl

ates

& B

ars

Stru

ctur

als,

Pl

ates

& B

ars

Stru

ctur

als,

Pl

ates

& B

ars

Stru

ctur

als,

Pl

ates

& B

ars

Bar

s

Cra

ne ra

ils

W, M

, S, H

P, C

, MC

, L, (

not a

ll sh

apes

pos

sibl

e;co

ntac

t man

ufac

ture

r)

W (a

lso

cove

rs, b

ut is

not

yet

com

mon

in, M

, , H

P, C

, MC

, & L

)

Gen

eral

requ

irem

ents

onl

y, fo

r W, M

, S, H

P, C

, MC

, L,

Pla

tes

and

Bar

s

M, S

, HP,

C, M

C, L

, Pla

tes,

Bar

s (a

lso

cove

rs, b

ut is

no

long

erco

mm

on fo

r W-S

hape

s; s

ee A

992)

Wea

ther

ing

stee

l for

sha

pes,

pla

tes

and

bars

Sha

pes,

pla

tes

and

bars

M, S

, HP,

C, M

C, L

, Pla

tes,

Bar

s (a

lso

cove

rs, b

ut is

no

long

erco

mm

on fo

r W-S

hape

s; s

ee A

992)

Wea

ther

ing

Ste

el fo

r W, M

, SW

, HP,

C, M

C, L

, Pla

tes

& B

ars

Sha

pes,

Pla

tes

and

Bar

s fo

r Brid

ges

Bar

s fo

r hea

t tre

atm

ent,

mac

hini

ng, s

hafti

ng o

r in

cons

truct

iona

l app

licat

ions

K-128

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y Pr

oduc

t, Th

en A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

295/

A29

5M-0

9

A31

1/A

311M

-04

A32

2-07

A43

4-06

A57

5-96

A57

6-90

b

A73

9-90

a

A28

3/A

283M

A28

5/A

285M

A38

7/A

387M

-11

A51

4/A

514M

Bea

ring-

qual

ity s

teel

to b

e us

ed in

the

man

ufac

ture

of

anti-

frict

ion

bear

ings

Vario

us c

lass

es, g

rade

s an

d co

nditi

ons

Hot

-wro

ught

allo

y st

eel b

ars

Hot-wroughtandcold-finishedquenchedandtempered

allo

y st

eel b

ars

Hot

-wro

ught

mer

chan

t qua

lity

carb

on s

teel

bar

s pr

oduc

edto

a c

hem

ical

com

posi

tion

Hot

-wro

ught

spe

cial

qua

lity

carb

on s

teel

bar

s

Ferr

itic

allo

y st

eel b

ars

for e

leva

ted

tem

pera

ture

or p

ress

ure-

cont

aini

ng p

arts

sui

tabl

e fo

r fus

ion

wel

ding

or b

oth

Pla

tes

Pla

tes

that

are

inte

nded

for f

usio

n-w

elde

d pr

essu

re v

esse

ls

Pla

tes

for w

elde

d bo

ilers

and

pre

ssur

e ve

ssel

s de

sign

ed fo

rel

evat

ed te

mpe

ratu

re s

ervi

ce

Pla

tes

Bar

s

Bar

s

Bar

s

Bar

s

Bar

s

Bar

s

Bar

s

Plat

es

Plat

es

Plat

es

Plat

es


igh-CarbonAnti-Friction

Bea

ring

Ste

el


old-Drawn,Stress-Relieved

Car

bon

Ste

el B

ars

Sub

ject

to M

echa

nica

l Pro

perty

R

equi

rem

ents


teelBars,Alloy,Standard

Gra

des



rought

or C

old-

Fini

shed

, Que

nche

d an

d Te

mpe

red


teelBars,Carbon,Merchant

Qua

lity,

M-G

rade

s


teelBars,Carbon,Hot-W

rought,

Spe

cial

Qua

lity



rought,for

Ele

vate

d Te

mpe

ratu

re o

r Pre

ssur

e-C

onta

inin

g P

arts

, or B

oth

StandardSpecificationforLow

andIntermediateTensile

Stre

ngth

Car

bon

Ste

el P

late

s


ressureVe

sselPlates,Carbon

Ste

el, L

ow-a

nd In

term

edia

te T

ensi

le S

treng

th


ressureVe

sselPlates,Alloy

Ste

el, C

hrom

ium

-Mol

ybde

num


igh-YieldStrength,Q

uenched

and

Tem

pere

d A

lloy

Ste

el P

late

, Sui

tabl

e fo

r Wel

ding

K-129

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y Pr

oduc

t, Th

en A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

515/

A51

5M

A51

6/A

516M

A65

6/A

656M

A78

6/A

786M

A82

9/A

829M

-06

A83

0/A

830M

A85

2/A

852M

A30

8/A

308M

-10

A42

4/A

424M

A46

3/46

3M

A56

8/A

568M


ressureVe

sselPlates,Carbon

Ste

el, f

or In

term

edia

te-a

nd-H

ighe

r-Te

mpe

ratu

re S

ervi

ce


ressureVe

sselPlates,Carbon

Ste

el, f

or M

oder

ate-

and-

Low

er-T

empe

ratu

re S

ervi

ce


ot-RolledStructuralSteel,

Hig

h-S

treng

th L

ow-A

lloy

Pla

te w

ith Im

prov

ed F

orm

abili

ty


otRolledCarbon,Low

-Alloy,

Hig

h-S

treng

th L

ow-A

lloy

and

Allo

y S

teel

Flo

or P

late

s


lloyStructuralSteelPlates


lates,CarbonSteel,S

tructural

Qua

lity,

Fur

nish

ed to

Che

mic

al C

ompo

sitio

n R

equi

rem

ents


uenchedandTempered

Low

-Allo

y S

truct

ural

Ste

el P

late

with

70

ksi [

485M

Pa]

Min

imum

Yie

ld S

treng

th to

4 in

. [10

0 m

m] T

hick


teelSheet,Terne(Lead-TinAl-

loy)

Coa

ted

by th

e H

ot-D

ip P

roce

ss


teel,S

heet,forPorcelain

Ena

mel

ing


teelSheet,A

luminum

-Coated,

by th

e H

ot-D

ip P

roce

ss


teel,S

heet,C

arbon,Structural

and

Hig

h-S

treng

th, L

ow-A

lloy,

Hot

-Rol

led

and

Col

d-R

olle

d

Plat

es

Plat

es

Plat

es

Plat

es

Plat

es

Plat

es

Plat

es

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Pla

tes

prim

arily

inte

nded

for u

se in

wel

ded

boile

rs a

ndot

her p

ress

ure

vess

els

Pla

tes

prim

arily

inte

nded

for u

se in

wel

ded

pres

sure

ves

sels

whe

re im

prov

ed n

otch

toug

hnes

s is

impo

rtant

Thre

e ty

pes

and

four

stre

ngth

gra

des

of h

ot ro

lled

stru

ctur

al s

teel

pla

te w

ith im

prov

ed fo

rmab

ility

Checkeredfloorplate

Allo

y st

ruct

ural

ste

el p

late

s

Car

bon

stee

l pla

tes

in s

tand

ard

and

non-

stan

dard

gra

des

Pla

tes

Coi

ls a

nd c

ut le

ngth

s co

ated

with

lead

-tin

allo

y by

the

hot-d

ip p

roce

ss

She

et s

teel

in c

oils

and

cut

leng

ths

for p

orce

lain

ena

mel

ing

Coi

ls a

nd c

ut le

ngth

s w

ith tw

o ty

pes

of a

lum

inum

coa

ting

and

seve

ral c

oatin

g w

eigh

ts

Gen

eral

requ

irem

ents

for s

teel

she

ets

in c

oils

and

cut l

engt

hs

K-130

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y Pr

oduc

t, Th

en A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

606/

A60

6M

A63

5/A

635M

A65

3/A

653M

A79

2/A

792M

-10

A87

9/A

879M

A92

4/A

924M

-10a

A10

08/A

1008

M-1

1

A10

11/A

1011

M

Coi

ls a

nd c

ut le

ngth

s of

she

et a

nd s

trip

for s

truct

ural

and

mis

cella

neou

s pu

rpos

es

Gen

eral

requ

irem

ents

for h

eavy

thic

knes

s sh

eet a

ndst

rip c

oils

Coa

ted

stee

l she

et in

coi

ls a

nd c

ut le

ngth

s

Coi

ls a

nd c

ut le

ngth

s fo

r app

licat

ions

requ

iring

cor

rosi

onre

sist

ance

or h

eat r

esis

tanc

e or

bot

h

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r zin

c co

atin

gs a

pplie

d by

the

elec

troly

ticpr

oces

s to

any

gra

de o

f hot

-rol

led

or c

old-

rolle

d st

eel s

heet

s

Coi

ls a

nd c

ut le

ngth

s, m

etal

lic-c

oate

d on

con

tinuo

us li

nes

by th

e ho

t-dip

pro

cess

Coi

ls a

nd c

ut le

ngth

s in

var

ious

des

igna

tions

She

et a

nd s

trip

in c

oils

and

cut

leng

ths

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls


teel,S

heetandStrip,

Hig

h-S

treng

th, L

ow-A

lloy,

Hot

-Rol

led

and

Col

d-R

olle

d,w

ith Im

prov

ed A

tmos

pher

ic C

orro

sion

Res

ista

nce


teel,S

heetandStrip,

Hea

vy-T

hick

ness

Coi

ls, H

ot-R

olle

d, A

lloy,

Car

bon,

Stru

c-tu

ral,

Hig

h-S

treng

th L

ow-A

lloy

and

Hig

h-S

treng

th L

ow-A

lloy

with

Impr

oved

For

mab

ility


teelSheet,Zinc-Coated

(Gal

vani

zed)

or Z

inc-

Iron

Allo

y-C

oate

d (G

alva

nnea

led)

by th

e H

ot-D

ip P

roce

ss


teelSheet,55%

Aluminum

-Zinc

Allo

y-C

oate

d by

the

Hot

-Dip

Pro

cess


teelSheet,ZincCoatedbythe

Ele

ctro

lytic

Pro

cess

for A

pplic

atio

ns R

equi

ring

Des

igna

tion

of th

e C

oatin

g M

ass

on E

ach

Sur

face


eneralRequirementsforS

teel

She

et, M

etal

lic-C

oate

d by

the

Hot

-Dip

Pro

cess


teel,S

heet,C

old-Rolled,Car

-bo

n, S

truct

ural

, Hig

h-S

treng

th L

ow-A

lloy,

Hig

h-S

treng

th L

ow

Allo

y w

ith Im

prov

ed F

orm

abili

ty, S

olut

ion

Har

dene

d an

dB

ake

Har

dena

ble


teel,S

heetandStrip,Hot-

Rol

led,

Car

bon,

Stru

ctur

al, H

igh-

Stre

ngth

Low

-Allo

y, H

igh-

Stre

ngth

Low

-Allo

y w

ith Im

prov

ed F

orm

abili

ty a

nd U

ltra-

Hig

h S

treng

th

K-131

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y Pr

oduc

t, Th

en A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

1018

/A10

18M

A53

/A53

M

A10

6/A

106M

A13

5/A

135M

A25

2

A33

3/A

333M

A33

5/A

335M

A50

0/A

500M

A50

1

A51

2-06


teel,S

heetandStrip,Heavy-

Thic

knes

s C

oils

, Hot

-Rol

led,

Car

bon,

Com

mer

cial

, Dra

win

g,S

truct

ural

, Hig

h-S

treng

th L

ow-A

lloy,

Hig

h-S

treng

th L

ow A

lloy

with

Impr

oved

For

mab

ility

and

Ultr

a-H

igh

Stre

ngth


ipe,Steel,B

lackand

Hot

-Dip

ped,

Zin

c-C

oate

d, W

elde

d an

d S

eam

less


eamlessCarbonSteelPipe

for H

igh-

Tem

pera

ture

Ser

vice



Ste

el P

ipe


eldedandSeamless

Ste

el P

ipe

Pile

s


eamlessandW

eldedSteel

Pip

e fo

r Low

-Tem

pera

ture

Ser

vice


eamlessFerriticAlloy-Steel

Pip

e fo

r Hig

h-Te

mpe

ratu

re S

ervi

ce


old-FormedW

eldedand

Sea

mle

ss C

arbo

n S

teel

Stru

ctur

al T

ubin

g in

Rou

nds

and

Sha

pes


ot-FormedW

eldedand

Sea

mle

ss C

arbo

n S

teel

Stru

ctur

al T

ubin

g


old-DrawnButtweldCarbon

Ste

el M

echa

nica

l Tub

ing

Shee

ts &

Coi

ls

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Hea

vy-th

ickn

ess

stee

l she

et a

nd s

trip

coils

Pip

e (n

ot H

SS

; see

A50

0)

Pipesthataresuitableforw

elding,bending,flanging

and

sim

ilar f

orm

ing

oper

atio

ns

Two

grad

es -

inte

nded

for c

onve

ying

gas

, vap

or, w

ater

or o

ther

liqu

id

Pip

e th

at a

cts

as a

per

man

ent l

oad-

carr

ying

mem

ber o

r as

ash

ell t

o fo

rm c

ast-i

n-pl

ace

conc

rete

pile

s

Car

bon

and

allo

y st

eel p

ipe

inte

nded

for u

se a

t low

tem

pera

ture

s

Ferr

itic

allo

y-st

eel p

ipe

inte

nded

for u

se a

t hig

h te

mpe

ratu

res

Rou

nd, R

ecta

ngul

ar a

nd S

quar

e H

SS

(not

pip

e; s

ee A

53)

Rec

tang

ular

, rou

nd a

nd s

quar

e H

SS

(not

pip

e; s

ee A

53)

Rec

tang

ular

, rou

nd, s

quar

e or

spe

cial

sha

pem

echa

nica

l tub

ing

K-132

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y Pr

oduc

t, Th

en A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

513

A51

9

A58

9/A

589M

A61

8/A

618M

A84

7

A10

5/A

105M

-10a

A18

2/A

182M

-11

A23

4/A

234M

-11

A35

0/A

350M

-10

A40

3/A

403M

-10

Rec

tang

ular

, rou

nd, s

quar

e an

d sp

ecia

l sha

pe tu

bing

mad

e fro

m h

ot o

r col

d ro

lled

stee

l

Sev

eral

gra

des

of c

arbo

n an

d al

loy

mec

hani

cal t

ubin

g, e

ither

hot-finishedorcold-finished

Fourspecifictypesofpipeforuseinwaterwells

Rec

tang

ular

, rou

nd a

nd s

quar

e H

SS

(not

pip

e; s

ee A

53)

Wea

ther

ing

stee

l for

Rec

tang

ular

, Rou

nd a

nd

Squ

are

HS

S (n

ot p

ipe)

Forgedcarbonsteelpipingcomponents-flanges,fittings,valves

and

sim

ilar p

arts

, for

use

in p

ress

ure

syst

ems

at a

mbi

ent a

nd

high

er-te

mpe

ratu

re s

ervi

ce c

ondi

tions

Forg

ed lo

w a

lloy

and

stai

nles

s st

eel p

ipin

g co

mpo

nent

s fo

r use

in p

ress

ure

syst

ems

Wroughtcarbonsteelandalloyfittingsofseamlessandwelded

cons

truct

ion

for u

se in

pre

ssur

e pi

ping

and

in p

ress

ure

vess

el

fabr

icat

ion

for s

ervi

ce a

t mod

erat

e an

d el

evat

ed te

mpe

ratu

res

Sev

eral

gra

des

of c

arbo

n an

d lo

w-a

lloy

stee

l for

ged

or ri

ng-r

olle

dflanges,forgedfittingsandvalvesintendedprim

arilyfor

low

-tem

pera

ture

ser

vice

and

requ

iring

not

ch to

ughn

ess

test

ing

Wroughtausteniticstainlesssteelfittingsforpressurepiping

appl

icat

ions

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Tubi

ng &

Pip

e

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Fitti

ngs

&

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ges



Car

bon

and

Allo

y S

teel

Mec

hani

cal T

ubin

g


eamlessCarbonandAlloySteel

Mec

hani

cal T

ubin

g


eamlessandW

eldedCarbon

Ste

el W

ater

-Wel

l Pip

e


ot-FormedW

eldedand

Sea

mle

ss H

igh-

Stre

ngth

Low

-Allo

y S

truct

ural

Tub

ing


old-FormedW

eldedand

Sea

mle

ss H

igh-

Stre

ngth

, Low

-Allo

y S

truct

ural

Tub

ing

with

Impr

oved

Atm

osph

eric

Cor

rosi

on R

esis

tanc

e


arbonSteelForgingsforP

iping

App

licat

ions


orgedorRolledAlloyand

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Pip

e Fl

ange

s, F

orge

d Fi

tting

s, V

alve

s an

d P

arts

for H

igh-

Tem

pera

ture

Ser

vice


ipingFittingsofW

roughtCarbon

Ste

el a

nd A

lloy

Ste

el fo

r Mod

erat

e an

d H

igh

Tem

pera

ture

Ser

vice


arbonandLow-AlloySteel

Forg

ings

, Req

uirin

g N

otch

Tou

ghne

ss T

estin

g fo

r Pip

ing

Com

pone

nts


roughtAusteniticStainless

Ste

el P

ipin

g Fi

tting

s

K-133

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y Pr

oduc

t, Th

en A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

420/

A42

0M-1

0a

A69

4/A

694M

-08

A77

4/A

774M

-09

A81

5/A

815M

-10a

A85

8/A

858M

-10a

A86

0/A

860M

-10

A96

0/A

960M

-10

A16

7-99

A17

6-99

A21

3/A

213M

-11


ipingFittingsofW

roughtCarbon

Ste

el a

nd A

lloy

Ste

el fo

r Low

-Tem

pera

ture

Ser

vice


arbonandAlloySteelForgings

for P

ipe

Flan

ges,

Fitt

ings

, Val

ves

and

Par

ts fo

r Hig

h-P

res-

sure

Tra

nsm

issi

on S

ervi

ce


s-WeldedWroughtAustenitic

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Fitt

ings

for G

ener

al C

orro

sive

Ser

vice

at

Low

and

Mod

erat

e Te

mpe

ratu

res


roughtFerritic,Ferritic/

Aus

teni

tic a

nd M

arte

nsiti

c S

tain

less

Ste

el P

ipin

g Fi

tting

s


eat-T

reatedCarbonSteel

Fitti

ngs

for L

ow-T

empe

ratu

re a

nd C

orro

sive

Ser

vice


roughtHigh-StrengthLow

-Alloy

Ste

el B

utt-W

eldi

ng F

ittin

gs


ommonRequirementsfor

Wro

ught

Ste

el P

ipin

g Fi

tting

s


tainlessandHeat-R

esisting

Chr

omiu

m-N

icke

l Ste

el P

late

, She

et a

nd S

trip


tainlessandHeat-R

esisting

Chr

omiu

m S

teel

Pla

te, S

heet

and

Stri

p


eamlessFerriticandAustenitic

Allo

y-S

teel

Boi

ler,

Sup

erhe

ater

and

Hea

t-Exc

hang

er T

ubes

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Fitti

ngs

&

Flan

ges

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Wroughtcarbonsteelandalloysteelpipefittingsofseamless

and

wel

ded

cons

truct

ion

for u

se in

pre

ssur

e pi

ping

and

pre

s-su

re v

esse

l ser

vice

at l

ow te

mpe

ratu

res

Forgedorrolledsteelpipeflanges,forgedfittings,valvesand

parts

sui

tabl

e fo

r use

with

hig

h-st

reng

th tr

ansm

issi

on-s

ervi

cepi

pe

Five

gra

des

of a

s-w

elde

d, w

roug

ht a

uste

nitic

sta

inle

ss s

teel

fittingsforlow

-pressurepipingandforlow

andmoderate

tem

pera

ture

s an

d ge

nera

l cor

rosi

ve s

ervi

ce

Two

gene

ral c

lass

es, W

P an

d C

R, o

f wro

ught

ferr

itic,

ferr

itic/

austeniticandmartensiticstainlesssteelfittingsofseamless

and

wel

ded

cons

truct

ion

Heat-treatedwroughtcarbonsteelpipingfittingswithlowered

carb

on c

onte

nt o

f sea

mle

ss a

nd e

lect

ric fu

sion

-wel

ded

con-

stru

ctio

n fo

r low

-tem

pera

ture

and

cor

rosi

ve s

ervi

ce a

pplic

a-tio

ns

Wroughthigh-strengthlow-alloybutt-weldingsteelfittingsof

seam

less

and

ele

ctric

fusi

on-w

elde

d co

nstru

ctio

n fo

r app

lica-

tions

in h

igh-

pres

sure

gas

and

oil

trans

mis

sion

and

dis

tribu

tion

syst

ems

Com

mon

requ

irem

ents

that

sha

ll ap

ply

to w

roug

ht s

teel

pip

ing

fittings.Thematerialshallconsistofforgings,bars,platesand

seam

less

or w

elde

d tu

bula

r pro

duct

s

Sta

inle

ss a

nd h

eat-r

esis

ting

chro

miu

m-n

icke

l Ste

elpl

ate,

she

et a

nd s

trip

not c

over

ed in

AS

TM A

240/

A24

0M

Sta

inle

ss a

nd h

eat-r

esis

ting

chro

miu

m s

teel

pla

te,

shee

t and

stri

p no

t cov

ered

in A

STM

A24

0/A

240M

Sea

mle

ss fe

rriti

c an

d au

sten

itic

stee

l boi

ler,

supe

rhea

ter a

ndheat-exchangertubes.Tubesshallbeeitherhotfinishedor

coldfinished,asspecified

K-134

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y Pr

oduc

t, Th

en A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

240/

240M

A24

9/A

249M

-10a

A26

8/A

268M

-10

A26

9-10

A27

0/A

270M

-10

A27

6-10

A31

2/A

312M

A37

6/A

376M

-06

A47

9/A

479M

-10a

Sta

inle

ss p

late

, she

et a

nd s

trip

for p

ress

ure

vess

els

and

gene

ral a

pplic

atio

ns

Vario

us g

rade

s of

nom

inal

-wal

l-thi

ckne

ss w

elde

d tu

bes

and

heav

ily c

old

wor

ked

wel

ded

tube

s in

tend

ed fo

r use

in a

bo

iler,

supe

rhea

ter,

heat

exc

hang

er o

r con

dens

er

A nu

mbe

r of g

rade

s of

nom

inal

-wal

l-thi

ckne

ss, w

elde

d fe

rriti

can

d m

arte

nsiti

c st

ainl

ess

stee

l tub

ing

for g

ener

al c

orro

sion

-re

sist

ing

and

high

-tem

pera

ture

ser

vice

Vario

us g

rade

s of

nom

inal

-wal

l-thi

ckne

ss, s

eam

less

and

wel

ded

aust

eniti

c st

eel t

ubin

g fo

r gen

eral

cor

rosi

on-r

esis

ting

and

low

- or h

igh-

tem

pera

ture

ser

vice

Gra

des

of s

eam

less

, wel

ded,

and

hea

vily

col

d w

orke

d au

sten

itic

and

ferr

itic/

aust

eniti

c st

ainl

ess

stee

l san

itary

tubi

ng in

tend

edfo

r use

in th

e da

iry a

nd fo

od in

dust

ry a

nd h

avin

g sp

ecia

l sur

face

finishes.Pharmaceuticalqualitymayberequested,asa

supp

lem

enta

ry re

quire

men

t


bars

for r

efor

ging

Pip

e th

at is

inte

nded

for h

igh-

tem

pera

ture

and

gene

ral c

orro

sive

ser

vice

Vario

us g

rade

s of

pip

e in

tend

ed fo

r hig

h-te

mpe

ratu

rece

ntra

l-sta

tion

serv

ice

Varioushot-finishedorcold-finishedshapesforusein

boile

r and

pre

ssur

e ve

ssel

con

stru

ctio

n

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel


hrom

iumandChrom

ium-Nickel

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Pla

te, S

heet

and

Stri

p


eldedAusteniticSteelBoiler,

Sup

erhe

ater

, Hea

t-Exc

hang

er a

nd C

onde

nser

Tub

es


eamlessandW

eldedFerritic

and

Mar

tens

itic

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Tub

ing

for G

ener

al S

ervi

ce


eamlessandW

eldedAustenitic

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Tub

ing

for G

ener

al S

ervi

ce


eamlessandW

eldedAustenitic

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

San

itary

Tub

ing




eamless,W

eldedandHeavily

Col

d W

orke

d A

uste

nitic

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Pip

es


eamlessAusteniticSteelPipe

for H

igh-

Tem

pera

ture

Cen

tral-S

tatio

n S

ervi

ce



for U

se in

Boi

lers

and

Oth

er P

ress

ure

Vess

els

K-135

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y Pr

oduc

t, Th

en A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

480/

A48

0M-1

1a

A55

4-10

A56

4/A

564-

10

A58

2/A

582M

-05

A66

6-10

A69

3-06

A77

8-01

A78

9/A

789-

10a

A79

3-96

A99

9/A

999-

04a

B20

9


eneralRequirementsforF

lat-

Rol

led

Sta

inle

ss a

nd H

eat-R

esis

ting

Ste

el P

late

, She

et a

ndS

trip


eldedStainlessSteel

Mec

hani

cal T

ubin

g


ot-RolledandCold-Finished

Age

-Har

deni

ng S

tain

less

Ste

el B

ars

and

Sha

pes


ree-MachiningStainless

Ste

el B

ars


nnealedorCold-Worked

Aus

teni

tic S

tain

less

Ste

el S

heet

, Stri

p, P

late

and

Fla

t Bar


recipitation-HardeningStainless

and

Hea

t-Res

istin

g S

teel

Pla

te, S

heet

and

Stri

p


elded,UnannealedAustenitic

Sta

inle

ss S

teel

Tub

ular

Pro

duct

s


eamlessandW

eldedFerritic/

Aus

teni

tic S

tain

less

Ste

el T

ubin

g fo

r Gen

eral

Ser

vice

StandardSpecificationforR

olledFloorP

late,S

tainlessSteel


eneralRequirementsfor

Allo

y an

d S

tain

less

Ste

el P

ipe


luminum

andAluminum

-Alloy

She

et a

nd P

late

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Stai

nles

s St

eel

Alu

min

um

Generalrequirementsforflat-rolledstainlessandheat-

resi

stin

g st

eel p

late

, she

et a

nd s

trip

Mec

hani

cal a

pplic

atio

ns w

here

app

eara

nce,

mec

hani

cal

prop

ertie

s or

cor

rosi

on re

sist

ance

is n

eede

d

Varioushot-finishedorcold-finishedshapesofage-hardening

stai

nles

s st

eel


bars

for f

orgi

ng, s

uita

ble

for m

achi

ning

pro

cess

es.

Diff

eren

t sha

pes

in th

e an

neal

ed a

nd n

orm

ally

requ

ired

cold

-wor

ked

cond

ition

s

Pre

cipi

tatio

n-ha

rden

ing

stai

nles

s st

eel p

late

, she

et a

nd s

trip

Inte

nded

for l

ow a

nd m

oder

ate

tem

pera

ture

s an

d co

rros

ive

serv

ice

whe

re tr

eatm

ent i

s no

t nec

essa

ry fo

r cor

rosi

on re

sis-

tanc

e

Gra

des

of n

omin

al w

all t

hick

ness

, sta

inle

ss s

teel

tubi

ng fo

rse

rvic

es re

quiri

ng g

ener

al c

orro

sion

resi

stan

ce, w

ith p

artic

ular

emph

asis

on

resi

stan

ce to

stre

ss c

orro

sion

cra

ckin

g. T

hese

st

eels

are

sus

cept

ible

to e

mbr

ittle

men

t if u

sed

for p

rolo

nged

perio

ds a

t ele

vate

d te

mpe

ratu

res

Standardforstainlesssteelfloorplates

Gen

eral

requ

irem

ents

- re

fer t

o in

divi

dual

pro

duct

specificationsforspecialrequirements

Coiledsheet,flatsheetandplateinvariousalloys,

tempersandfinishes

K-136

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y Pr

oduc

t, Th

en A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)B

210-

04

B21

1-03

B22

1-08

B24

1-B

241M

-10

B30

8/B

308M

-10

B31

7/B

317M

-07

B42

9/B

429M

-10

B63

2/B

632M

-08

A61

5/A

615M

A68

1-08

F126

7-07

Sea

mle

ss tu

bes

in s

traig

ht le

ngth

s an

d co

ils fo

r gen

eral

purp

ose

and

pres

sure

app

licat

ions

Bar,rodandwireinvariousalloys,tem

persandfinishes

Extrudedshapesinvariousalloys,tem

persandfinishes

Vario

us a

lloys

of s

eam

less

pip

e an

d se

amle

ss e

xtru

ded

tube

Lim

ited

to I-

beam

s, H

-bea

ms,

cha

nnel

s, a

ngle

s, te

es a

ndze

es, w

hich

sha

ll be

pro

duce

d by

hot

ext

rudi

ng o

nly

6101

alu

min

um-a

lloy

in s

elec

ted

tem

pers

for u

se a

sel

ectri

cal c

ondu

ctor

s

6061

and

606

3 ex

trude

d pi

pes

and

tube

s in

tend

ed fo

r use

in s

truct

ural

app

licat

ions

Alu

min

um-a

lloy

rolle

d tre

ad p

late

in v

ario

us a

lloys

,tempersandfinishes

Vario

us g

rade

s in

cut

leng

ths

and

coils

Che

mic

al, m

echa

nica

l and

phy

sica

l req

uire

men

ts fo

rav

aila

ble

wro

ught

allo

y to

ol s

teel

pro

duct

s

Exp

ande

d m

etal

sha

ll be

mad

e fro

m c

omm

erci

al s

teel

, car

bon

stee

l she

ets

or fr

om s

tain

less

ste

el s

heet

s. -

Type

I-ex

pand

ed o

rTypeII-expandedandflattened-C

lass1-uncoated,Class2-

hot-d

ip z

inc

unco

ated

or C

lass

3-c

orro

sion

resi

stin

g st

eel,

Gra

de A

and

Gra

de B

Alu

min

um

Alu

min

um

Alu

min

um

Alu

min

um

Alu

min

um

Alu

min

um

Alu

min

um

Alu

min

um

Spec

ialty

Pr

oduc

ts

Spec

ialty

Pr

oduc

ts

Spec

ialty

Pr

oduc

ts


luminum

andAluminum

-Alloy

Dra

wn

Sea

mle

ss T

ubes


luminum

andAluminum

-Alloy

Bar

, Rod

and

Wire


luminum

andAluminum

-Alloy

ExtrudedBars,Rods,W

ire,P

rofilesandTubes


luminum

andAluminum

-Alloy

Sea

mle

ss P

ipe

and

Sea

mle

ss E

xtru

ded

Tube


luminum

-Alloy6061-T6

StandardStructuralProfiles


luminum

-AlloyExtrudedBar,

Rod,Tube,Pipe,StructuralProfilesandProfilesfor

Ele

ctric

al P

urpo

ses

(Bus

Con

duct

or)


luminum

-AlloyExtruded

Stru

ctur

al P

ipe

and

Tube


luminum

-Alloy

Rol

led

Trea

d P

late

StandardSpecificationforD

eformedandPlainCarbon-Steel

Bar

s fo

r Con

cret

e R

einf

orce

men

t

StandardSpecificationforToolSteelsAlloy

StandardSpecificationforM

etal,E

xpanded,Steel

K-137

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y Pr

oduc

t, Th

en A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)B

3-01

B16

/B16

M-1

0

B21

/B21

M-0

6

B36

/B36

M-0

8a

B42

-10

B43

-09

B68

/B68

M-1

1

B75

-02

B10

1-07

B10

3/B

103M

-10

B12

1/B

121M

-01


oftorA

nnealedCopperW

ire


ree-CuttingBrassRod,B

arand

Sha

pes

for U

se in

Scr

ew M

achi

nes

StandardSpecificationforN

avalBrassRod,B

arandShapes


rassPlate,S

heet,S

tripand

Rol

led

Bar


eamlessCopperP

ipe,

Sta

ndar

d S

izes


eamlessRedBrasspipe,

Sta

ndar

d S

izes


eamlessCopperT

ube,

Brig

ht A

nnea

led


eamlessCopperT

ube

StandardSpecificationforLead-CoatedCopperS

heetand

Stri

p fo

r Bui

ldin

g C

onst

ruct

ion


hosphorB

ronzePlate,S

heet,

Stri

p an

d R

olle

d B

ar

StandardSpecificationforLeadedBrassPlate,S

heet,

Stri

p an

d R

olle

d B

ar

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Dra

wn

and

anne

aled

or s

oft r

ound

bar

e co

pper

wire

for

elec

trica

l pur

pose

s

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloy

UN

S C

3600

0 su

itabl

e fo

r hig

h-sp

eed

scre

w m

achi

ning

app

licat

ions

and

mod

erat

e th

read

rolli

ng

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

4620

0, C

4640

0, C

4794

0,

C48

200

and

C48

500

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

2100

0, C

2200

0, C

2260

0,

C23

000,

C24

000,

C26

000,

C26

800,

C27

200

and

C28

000

Nom

inal

pip

e si

zes,

bot

h re

gula

r and

ext

ra-s

trong

, sui

tabl

efo

r use

in p

lum

bing

, boi

ler f

eed

lines

and

for s

imila

r pur

pose

s

Nom

inal

pip

e si

zes,

bot

h re

gula

r and

ext

ra-s

trong

in v

ario

uste

mpe

rs

Sea

mle

ss tu

be s

uita

ble

for u

se in

refri

gera

tion,

oil

lines

, ga

solin

e lin

es, a

nd s

o fo

rth, w

here

tube

with

an

inte

rior

surfa

ce e

ssen

tially

free

from

sca

le a

nd d

irt is

requ

ired

Sea

mle

ss re

ctan

gula

r, ro

und

and

squa

re c

oppe

r allo

y tu

besu

itabl

e fo

r gen

eral

eng

inee

ring

appl

icat

ions




wor

k in

bui

ldin

g co

nstru

ctio

n

Allo

ys o

f cop

per-

tin (p

hosp

hor b

ronz

e pl

ate)

, cop

per-

tin-le

ad(le

aded

pho

spho

r bro

nze)

and

cop

per-

tin-le

ad-z

inc

(bea

ring

bron

ze)

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

3350

0, C

3400

0, C

3450

0,

C35

000,

C35

300

and

C35

600

K-138

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y Pr

oduc

t, Th

en A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)B

134/

B13

4M-0

8

B13

5-10

B13

9/B

139M

-07

B14

0/B

140M

-07

B15

0/B

150M

-08

B15

1/B

151M

-05

B15

2/B

152M

-09

B17

1/B

171M

-11e

1

B18

7/B

187M

-11

B30

1/B

301M

-08

B37

0-09

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r hex

agon

al, o

ctag

onal

, rec

tang

ular

, rou

ndan

d sq

uare

bra

ss w

ire o

f UN

S A

lloy

C21

000,

C22

000,

C22

600,

C23

000,

C24

000,

C26

000,

C27

000

and

C27

400

Sea

mle

ss re

ctan

gula

r, ro

und

and

squa

re c

oppe

r allo

y tu

be in

stra

ight

leng

ths

in v

ario

us te

mpe

rs

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

5100

0, C

5210

0, C

5240

0,C

5340

0 an

d C

5440

0

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

3140

0, C

3160

0 an

dC

3200

0 us

ed fo

r scr

ew m

achi

ne a

pplic

atio

ns

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

6130

0, C

6140

0, C

6190

0,C

6230

0, C

6240

0, C

6300

0, C

6302

0, C

6320

0, C

6420

0, a

nd C

6421

0

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

7060

0, C

7062

0, C

7150

0,C

7152

0, C

7450

0, C

7520

0, C

7570

0, C

7640

0, C

7700

0 an

d C

7920

0

Vario

us c

oppe

r allo

ys u

sed

to p

rodu

ce s

heet

, stri

p, p

late

and

rolle

d ba

r

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

3650

0, C

4430

0, C

4440

0,C

4450

0, C

4640

0, C

4650

0, C

6130

0, C

6140

0, C

6300

0, C

6320

0,C

7060

0, C

7062

0, C

7150

0, C

7152

0 an

d C

7220

0

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r cop

per c

ondu

ctor

bar

s an

d sh

apes

for b

oth

elec

trica

l (bu

s) a

nd g

ener

al a

pplic

atio

ns

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

1450

0, C

1451

0, C

1452

0,C

1470

0 an

d C

1870

0 su

itabl

e fo

r hig

h-sp

eed

scre

w m

achi

new

ork

or fo

r gen

eral

app

licat

ions




wor

k in

bui

ldin

g co

nstru

ctio

n

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per


rassW

ire


eamlessBrassTube


hosphorB

ronzeRod,B

arand

Sha

pes


opper-Zinc-Lead(RedBrassor

Har

dwar

e B

ronz

e) R

od, B

ar a

nd S

hape

s


luminum

BronzeRod,B

arand

Sha

pes


opper-Nickel-ZincAlloy

(Nic

kel S

ilver

) and

Cop

per-

Nic

kel R

od a

nd B

ar


opperS

heet,S

trip,Plateand

Rol

led

Bar


opper-AlloyPlateandSheetfor

Pre

ssur

e Ve

ssel

s, C

onde

nser

s an

d H

eat E

xcha

nger

s


opper,BusBar,R

od,S

hapes

and

Gen

eral

Pur

pose

Rod

, Bar

and

Sha

pes


ree-CuttingCopperR

od,B

ar,

Wire

and

Sha

pes


opperS

heetandStripfor

Bui

ldin

g C

onst

ruct

ion

K-139

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y Pr

oduc

t, Th

en A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)B

453/

B45

3M-0

8

B50

5/B

505M

-10

A19

3/A

193M

A19

4/A

194M

A30

7

A32

5

A32

5M

A35

4

A44

9

A49

0

A49

0M

A56

3


opper-Zinc-LeadAlloy

(Lea

ded

Bra

ss) R

od, B

ar a

nd S

hape

s


opperA

lloyContinuousCastings


lloy-SteelandStainlessSteel

Bol

ting

Mat

eria

ls fo

r Hig

h-Te

mpe

ratu

re o

r Hig

h P

ress

ure

Ser

vice


arbonandAlloySteelNutsfor

Bol

ts fo

r Hig

h P

ress

ure

or H

igh-

Tem

pera

ture

Ser

vice

, or

Bot

h


arbonSteelBoltsandStuds,

60,0

00 P

SI T

ensi

le S

treng

th


tructuralBolts,S

teel,

Hea

t Tre

ated

, 120

/105

ksi

Min

imum

Ten

sile

Stre

ngth


tructuralBolts,S

teel,H

eat

Trea

ted

830

MP

a M

inim

um T

ensi

le S

treng

th (M

etric

)


uenchedandTemperedAlloy

Ste

el B

olts

, Stu

ds a

nd o

ther

Ext

erna

lly T

hrea

ded

Fast

ener

s


uenchedandTempered

Ste

el B

olts

and

Stu

ds


tructuralBolts,A

lloySteel,

Hea

t Tre

ated

, 150

ksi

Min

imum

Ten

sile

Stre

ngth


igh-StrengthSteelBolts,

Cla

sses

10.

9 an

d 10

.9.3

for S

truct

ural

Ste

el J

oint

s (M

etric

)


arbonandAlloySteelNuts

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Bra

ss, B

ronz

e,

and

Cop

per

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r Cop

per A

lloys

UN

S C

3350

0, C

3400

0, C

3450

0,

C35

000,

C35

300

and

C35

600

Req

uire

men

ts fo

r con

tinuo

usly

cas

t rod

, bar

, tub

e an

d sh

apes

prod

uced

from

cop

per a

lloys

with

nom

inal

com

posi

tions

Bol

ts fo

r hig

h-te

mpe

ratu

re a

pplic

atio

ns

Nut

s fo

r hig

h-te

mpe

ratu

re a

pplic

atio

ns

Bol

ts a

nd a

ncho

r rod

s

Hig

h-S

treng

th B

olts

(not

anc

hor r

ods;

see

F15

54)

Met

ric H

igh-

Stre

ngth

Bol

ts

Bol

ts a

nd a

ncho

r rod

s

Bol

ts a

nd a

ncho

r rod

s

Hig

h-S

treng

th B

olts

(not

anc

hor r

ods;

see

F55

4)

Met

ric H

igh-

Stre

ngth

Bol

ts

Nut

s

K-140

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y Pr

oduc

t, Th

en A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)F4

36

F959

F155

4

F185

2

A37

0

A43

5/A

435M

A57

8/A

578M

A67

3/A

673M

A77

0/A

770M

E94

E165

E709

E103

2

Was

hers

DTI

Was

hers

Anc

hor R

ods

Twis

t-off

type

tens

ion

cont

rol b

olts

in A

325

stre

ngth

leve

l

Mec

hani

cal t

estin

g of

ste

el

Ultr

ason

ic te

stin

g

Ultr

ason

ic te

stin

g

CV

N te

stin

g

Thro

ugh-

thic

knes

s te

nsio

n te

stin

g

Rad

iogr

aphi

c te

stin

g

Dye

-pen

etra

nt te

stin

g

Mag

netic

par

ticle

test

ing

Mag

netic

par

ticle

test

ing

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s

Fast

ener

s

Test

ing

Test

ing

Test

ing

Test

ing

Test

ing

Test

ing

Test

ing

Test

ing

Test

ing


ardenedSteelW

ashers


ompressible-Washer-Type

Dire

ct T

ensi

on In

dica

tors

for U

se w

ith S

truct

ural

Fas

tene

rs


nchorB

olts,S

teel,36,55and

105

ksi Y

ield

Stre

ngth

StandardSpecificationfor“Tw

ist-O

ff”TypeTensionControl

Stru

ctur

al B

olt/W

ashe

r Ass

embl

ies,

Ste

el, H

eat T

reat

ed,

120/

105

ksi M

inim

um T

ensi

le S

treng

th

StandardTestMethodsandDefinitionsforM

echanical

Test

ing

of S

teel

Pro

duct

s



Exa

min

atio

n of

Ste

el P

late

s



Exa

min

atio

n of

Rol

led

Ste

el P

late

s fo

r Spe

cial

App

licat

ions


amplingProcedurefor

Impa

ct T

estin

g of

Stru

ctur

al S

teel

StandardSpecificationforT

hrough-ThicknessTension

Test

ing

of S

teel

Pla

tes

for S

peci

al A

pplic

atio

ns

Sta

ndar

d G

uide

for R

adio

grap

hic

Exa

min

atio

n

Sta

ndar

d Te

st M

etho

d fo

r Liq

uid

Pen

etra

nt E

xam

inat

ion

for G

ener

al In

dust

ry

Sta

ndar

d G

uide

for M

agne

tic P

artic

le T

estin

g

Sta

ndar

d te

st M

etho

d fo

r Rad

iogr

aphi

c E

xam

inat

ion

of W

eldm

ents

K-141

Sum

mar

y of

com

mon

AST

M S

tand

ards

Sort

ed b

y Pr

oduc

t, Th

en A

STM

Sta

ndar

dA

STM

St

anda

rdTi

tlePr

oduc

tSc

ope

(Wha

t It C

over

s)A

27/A

27M

A12

3/12

3M

A14

8/A

148M

A15

3/A

153M

A66

8/A

668M

A78

0/A

780M

B69

5


teelCastings,C

arbon,

for G

ener

al A

pplic

atio

n


inc(Hot-Dipped

Gal

vani

zed)

Coa

tings

on

Iron

and

Ste

el P

rodu

cts


teelCastings,H

ighStrength,

for S

truct

ural

Pur

pose

s


incCoating(Hot-D

ip)

on Ir

on a

nd S

teel

Har

dwar

e


teelForgings,CarbonandAlloy,

for G

ener

al In

dust

rial U

se

Sta

ndar

d P

ract

ice

for R

epai

r of D

amag

ed a

nd U

ncoa

ted

Are

as o

f Hot

-Dip

Gal

vani

zed

Coa

tings


oatingsofZincMechanically

Dep

osite

d on

Iron

and

Ste

el

Mis

cella

neou

s

Mis

cella

neou

s

Mis

cella

neou

s

Mis

cella

neou

s

Mis

cella

neou

s

Mis

cella

neou

s

Mis

cella

neou

s

Ste

el C

astin

gs

Hot

-Dip

Gal

vani

zing

for m

embe

rs

Ste

el C

astin

gs

Hot

-Dip

Gal

vani

zing

for H

ardw

are

Sta

ndar

d re

quire

men

ts fo

r unt

reat

ed a

nd h

eat-t

reat

ed c

arbo

nan

d al

loy

stee

l for

ging

s fo

r gen

eral

indu

stria

l use

Rep

air o

f dam

aged

hot

-dip

gal

vani

zed

coat

ings

Mec

hani

cal G

alva

nizi

ng

K-142

Abrasion – The process of rubbing, grinding or wearing away by friction.

Abrasion Resistant – Sheet and plate suitable for applications where the gradual removal of a surface as a result of contact with another material causes wear. Contact may be by sliding of one metal over another, the grinding of hard particles between metal surfaces, the impact of heavy materials such as rock, or the impact of high velocity dust particles on a metal surface.

Acetylene Welding – Welding by using the acetylene torch for fusing a selected metal(weldingrod)insuchapositionastofillthespacewhereajunctionistobemade. See Welding.

Acid Lining – The inner bottom and lining of a melting furnace composed of materials having an acid reaction if in contact with a molten slag (sand, siliceous rock, or silica bricks).

Acid Steel – Steel melted in a furnace having an acid bottom and lining and under a slag with acid reaction. The term has no reference to the acidity of the steel.

Activation – The changing of the passive surface of a metal to a chemically ac-tive state. Contrast with passivation.

Aging – The spontaneous change in the properties of a metal usually associated with the recovery of metal from an unstable condition produced by quenching (quenchaging) or by cold working (strainaging). Age hardening and aging are terms commonly used synonymously. See also “Precipitation Hardening.”

Aircraft Quality – Denotes material for important or highly stressed parts of air-craft and for other similar purposes; such materials are of extremely high quality requiring closely controlled, restrictive and special practices in their manufacture.

Air Hardening (Air Quenching) – A hardening process wherein the steel, heat-ed to the hardening temperature and cooled in air. Unless steel is high in carbon or alloy, or both, it will not show much increase in hardness when air hardened.

AISI – Abbreviation for American Iron and Steel Institute.

Alclad – Composite sheet produced by bonding either corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy or aluminum of high purity to base metal or structurally stronger aluminum alloy.

Alloy – A material with metallic properties composed of two or more elements of which at least one is a metal.

Alloy Steel–Steelcontainingsignificantquantitiesofalloyingelements(otherthan carbon and the commonly accepted amounts of manganese, silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus) added to effect changes in mechanical properties by heat treat-ment.

Alloying Elements – Chemical elements added for improving the properties of thefinishedproducts.Somealloyingelementsarenickel,chromium,manga-nese, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, copper.

Aluminizing – Forming an aluminum or aluminum alloy coating on a metal by hot dipping, hot spraying or diffusion.

Glossary of Terms

K-143

Glossary of TermsAnisotropy – The characteristic of exhibiting different values of a property in dif-ferentdirectionswithrespecttoafixedreferencesysteminthematerial.

Annealing – Annealing generally refers to the heating and controlled cooling of solidmaterialforthepurposeofremovingstresses,makingitsofter,refiningitsstructureorchangingitsductility,toughnessorotherproperties.Specificheattreatments covered by the term annealing include black annealing, blue anneal-ing, box annealing, bright annealing, full annealing, graphitizing, malleablizing and process annealing.

Arc Welding – Welding by an electrical arc formed between an electrode (carbon or metal) and the metal being welded, between two separate electrodes as in atomic hydrogen welding, or between separate pieces being welded as in flashwelding.

ASM – Abbreviation for American Society for Metals.

As Rolled – When bars are hot rolled and allowed to cool in the air, they are said to be in the “as rolled” or natural condition.

ASTM – Abbreviation for American Society for Testing and Materials.

Atomic-hydrogen welding – Arc welding with heat from an arc between two tungsten or other suitable electrodes in a hydrogen atmosphere. The use of pressureandfillermetalisoptional.

Attenuation–Thefractionaldecreaseoftheintensityofanenergyflux,includ-ing the reduction of intensity resulting from geometrical spreading, absorption and scattering.

Austempering – A patented heat treating process that consists of quenching an iron-base alloy from a temperature above the transformation range in a medium having a high rate of heat abstraction, and then maintaining the metal, until transformation is complete, at a substantially uniform temperature which is below that of pearlite formation and above that of martensite formation.

Austenite – A phase in steels which consists of the gamma form of iron with carbon in solid solution. Austenite is tough, nonmagnetic and tends to work-harden rapidly when cold worked in those steels which are austenitic at ordinary temperatures.

Austenitic Steel – Steel which has a stable austenitic structure at normal (room) temperatures.

Austenitizing – Forming austenite by heating ferrous alloy into the transforma-tion range (partial austenitizing) or above the transformation range (complete austenitizing).

Autofrettage – Prestressing a hollow metal cylinder by the use of momentary internal pressure exceeding the yield strength.

Bainite – A decomposition product of austenite consisting of an aggregate of ferrite and carbide. In general, it forms at temperatures lower than those where veryfinepearliteformsandhigherthanthatwheremartensitebeginstoformoncooling. Its appearance is feathery if formed in the upper part of the temperature range; acicular, resembling tempered martenisite, if formed in the lower part.

K-144

Banded Structure - A characteristic microstructure consisting of parallel bands of ferrite and pearlite which run in the direction of working.

Bands - The initial coil product produced by rolling a slab on a hot strip mill, gen-erally to thickness 1/2” and lighter It is usually further processed as follows: 1. Rerolled into cold rolled sheets. 2. Leveled and cut into plates (3/16” and over). 3.Leveledandcutintohotrolledflatsheets(lighterthan3/16”).

Bar (Hot Rolled) - The term “bar” includes round, square, hexagonal and other cross-sectional shapes, 1/4 inch (6.4mm) and greater, small standard shapes (angles,channels,tees)under3inches(76.2mm),flats6inches(152mm)andunderinwidthand1/4inch(5.2mm)andoverinthickness,andflatsover6inches (152mm) through 8 inches (200mm) in width, and .2300 inch (5.84mm) and over in thickness.

Bark - Decarburized skin found just beneath the scale.

Base Box - A unit of measure used in the tin plate industry corresponding to an area equal to 112 sheets of tin plate, each 14 x 20in., or 31,360 sq. in., or 217.78 sq. ft.

Basic Bottom or Lining - The inner lining and bottom of a melting furnace composed of materials having a basic reaction; these may be crushed burnt dolomite, magnesite, magnesite bricks, or basic slag.

Basic Oxygen Process - (BOP) Steelmaking method in which substantially pure oxygen is introduced to facilitate the melting process.

Basic Steel - Steel melted in a furnace with a basic bottom and lining and under a slag having a basic reaction. Most steel made in America is basic.

Bauxite - The principle ore of aluminum, present in nearly all earthly materials and unavoidably present in most slags. Also used in the manufacture of alumina refractories for withstanding extremely high temperatures.

Bearing Load - A compressive load supported by a member, usually a tube or collar, along a line where contact is made with a pin, rivet, axle or shaft.

Bearing Quality - Steels used for balls, rollers and races of anti-friction bearings. Great hardness and resistance to crushing are the chief requirements.

Bearing Strength - The maximum bearing load at failure divided by the effective bearing area. In a pinned or riveted joint, the effective area is calculated as the product of the diameter of the hole and the thickness of the bearing member.

Bend Radius - The inside radius of a bent section.

Bend Tests - Various tests used to determine the ductility of sheet or plate that is subjected to bending. These test may include determination of the minimum radius or diameter required to make a satisfactory bend and the number of repeated bends that the material can withstand without failure when it is bent throughagivenangleandoveradefiniteradius.

Glossary of Terms

K-145

Glossary of TermsBessemer Process - A process for making steel by blowing air through molten pig iron contained a refractory lined vessel so as to remove by oxidation most of the carbon, silicon and manganese.

Billet-Asemi-finishedrolledingotofrectangularcrosssectionornearlyso.Ingeneral the term “billet” is used when the cross section ranges from 4 up to 36 sq. in., the width always being less than twice the thickness. Small sizes are usually classed as bars or “small billets.” The term “bloom” is properly used when the cross section is greater than about 36 sq. in., though this distinction is not universally observed.

Black Annealing - A process of box annealing of sheets prior to tinning whereby a black oxide color is imparted to the surface of the product.

Blackplate - Cold reduced sheet steel ranging in width from over 12 in. to less than 32 in. and in gauge from 29 and lighter, in coils or cut lengths, and within theuniformClassificationofFlatRolledCarbonSteelProducts.

Blast Furnace - A shaft furnace supplied with air blast, usually hot, for producing pig iron by smelting iron ore. The furnace is continuous in operation, the raw ma-terials (iron ore, coke, and limestone) are charged at the top, and the molten pig iron and slag are collected at the bottom and are tapped out at intervals.

Blister - A defect in metal produced by gas bubbles either on the surface or formedbeneaththesurfacewhilethemetalishotorplastic.Veryfineblistersare called pinhead or pepper blisters.

Bloom - See “Billet.”

Blooming Mill - Mill used to reduce ingots to blooms, slabs, etc.

Blowhole-Aholeproducedduringthesolidificationofmetalbyevolvedgaswhich, in failing to escape, is held in the metal.

Blue Annealing - A process of annealing sheets after rolling. The sheets, if fairly heavy, are allowed to cool slowly after the hot rolling; if of lighter gauge, as is usually the case, they are passed singly through an open furnace for heating to the proper annealing temperature. As the name indicates, the sheets have a bluish-black appearance.

Blue Brittleness - Brittleness exhibited by some steels after being heated to some temperature within the range of 300 to 650oF, and more especially if the steel is worked at the elevated temperature. Killed steels are virtually free of this kind of brittleness.

Blued Plate - Blackplate with the surface oxidized at a suitable temperature by steam or air to product a blue color.

Blueing-Amethodofcoatingsheetswithathin,evenfilmofbluishblackoxide.The blued surface is obtained by exposure to an atmosphere of dry steam or air at a temperature of about 1000oF. Generally this is done during box annealing.

Box Annealing - Softening steel by heating, usually at a subcritical temperature, in a suitable closed metal box or pot to protect it from oxidation, employing a slow heating and cooling cycle; also called closed annealing or pot annealing.

K-146

Brazing - Joining metals by fusion of nonferrous alloys that have melting points above 800oF but lower than those of the metals being joined. This may be ac-complished by means of a torch (torch brazing), in a furnace (furnace brazing) or bydippinginamoltenfluxbath(diporfluxbrazing).Thefillermetalisordinarilyin rod form in torch brazing; whereas in furnace and dip brazing the work mate-rialisfirstassembledandthefillermetalmaythenbeappliedaswire,washers,clips, bands, or may be integrally bonded, as in brazing sheet.

Bright Annealing - An annealing process usually carried out in a controlled furnace atmosphere so that surface oxidation is reduced to a minimum and the surface remains relatively bright.

Brinell Hardness Test - This test consists of forcing a ball of standard diameter into the specimen being tested under standard pressure, and judging the hard-ness of the material by the amount of metal displaced.

British Thermal Unit - A unit of heat representing the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. Abbrevi-ated B.T.U. or Btu.

Brittle Fracture - Fracture with little or no plastic deformation.

Burning -Heatingsteeltoatemperaturesufficientlyclosetothemeltingpointtocause permanent injury. Such injury may be caused by the melting of the more fusible constituents, by the penetration of gases such as oxygen into the metal with consequent reactions, or perhaps by the segregation of elements already present in the metal.

Burnishing - Smoothing surfaces through frictional contact between the work and some hard pieces of material such as hardened metal balls.

Butt Welding - Joining two edge or ends by placing one against the other and welding them.

Calorizing - A process of converting the surface of steel articles into a corrosion-resistant alloy layer of aluminum and iron by surface absorption of aluminum from a mixture of aluminum and aluminum oxide powder at elevated tempera-tures.

Camber - In sheet or strip: the greatest deviation of a side from a straight line. Instructurals:thecurvaturefromtheplaneofaflangeinlengthofthesection,eitherlegofananglebeingtakenastheflange.(AlsoseeSweep).

Canning-Adisheddistortioninaflatornearlyflatsurface,sometimesreferredto as “oil canning”.

Capped Steel - Semikilled steel cast in a bottle-top mold and covered with a cap fittingintotheneckofthemold.Thecapcausesthetopmetaltosolidify.Pres-sure is built up in the sealed-in molten metal and results in a surface condition much like that of rimmed steel.

Carbides - As found in steel, carbides are compounds of carbon and one or more of the metallic elements, such as iron, chromium, tungsten, etc.

Carbon Free - Metals and alloys which are practically free from carbon.

Glossary of Terms

K-147

Glossary of TermsCarbo-Nitriding - A process of case hardening an iron-base alloy by the simulta-neous absorption of carbon and nitrogen through heating in a gaseous atmo-sphere of suitable composition, following by cooling at a rate than will produce desired properties.

Carbon Range-Insteelspecifications,thecarbonrangeisthedifferencebe-tween the minimum and maximum amount of carbon acceptable.

Carbon Steel - Steel whole major properties depend on its carbon content and in which other alloying elements are negligible.

Carburzing - Adding carbon to iron-base alloys by absorption through heating the metal at a temperature below its melting point in contact with carbonaceous materials. Such treatment followed by appropriate quenching hardens the sur-face of the metal. The oldest method of case hardening.

Carburizing Compound - Mixtures containing carbonaceous solids which will give up carbon to steel in the presence of heat. Gas rich in carbon is sometimes used in the carburizing process.

Case - The surface layer of an iron-base alloy which has been made substan-tially harder than the interior by the process of case hardening.

Case Hardening - Carburizing, nitriding, or cyaniding and subsequent harden-ing, by heat treatment, all or part of the surface portions of apiece of iron base alloy.

Cast Steel - Any object made by pouring molten steel into molds.

Casting Strains - Strains produced by internal stresses resulting from the cool-ing of a casting.

Cavitation - The formation and instantaneous collapse of innumerable tiny voids or cavities within a liquid subjected to rapid and intense pressure changes. Cavitation produced by ultrasonic radiation is sometimes used to give violent localizedagitation.Thatcausedbysevereturbulentflowoftenleadstocavitationdamage.

Cavitation Damage - Wearing away of metal through the formation and collapse of cavities in a liquid.

Cementite - A compound of iron and carbon, known chemically as iron carbide and having the approximate chemical formula Fe3C. It is characterized by an orthorhombic crystal structure. When it occurs as a phase in steel, the chemical composition will be altered by the presence of manganese and other carbide-forming elements.

Centrifugal Casting - A casting made by pouring metal into a mold that is ro-tated or revolved.

Ceramic Tools - Cutting tools made from fused, sintered or cemented metallic oxides.

Chamfer - (1) A beveled surface to eliminate an otherwise sharp corner. (2) A relieved angular cutting edge at a tooth corner.

K-148

Charpy Test - A test made to determine the notched toughness, or impact strength, of a material. The test gives the energy required to break a standard notched specimen supported at the two ends.

Check Analysis - Analysis of metal after it has been rolled or forged into semi-finishedorfinishedforms.

Chemical Analysis - Qualitative analysis consists of separating a substance into its component elements and identifying them. In quantitative analysis the propor-tion of all component elements are determined.

Chemical Composition - Different elements, or combinations of elements, helps determine the characteristics of steel and are generally referred to as a steel’s chemical composition or chemistry.

Chemical Milling - Removing metal stock by controlled selective chemical etch-ing.

Chemical Requirements - When specifying to chemical composition, base requirements should be based on the standard limits and ranges together with the standard permissible variation for check analysis and standard methods of sampling published by AISI for each product.

Chipping-Onemethodofremovingsurfacedefectssuchassmallfissuresorseams from partially worked metal. If not eliminated, the defects might carry throughtothefinishedmaterial.Ifthedefectsareremovedbymeansofagastorchtheterm“deseaming”or“scarfing”isused.

Chromadizing (Chromodizing, Chromatizing) - Forming an acid surface to improve pain adhesion on aluminum or aluminum alloys, mainly aircraft skins, by treatment with a solution of chromic acid.

Chromium - A hard, corrosion resistant metal widely used as an alloying ele-ments in steel and for plating steel products.

Chromizing - A surface treatment at elevated temperature, generally carried out in pack, vapor or salt bath, in which an alloy is formed by the inward diffusion of chromium into the base metal.

Clad Metal - A composite metal containing two or three layers that have been bonded toegher. The bonding may have been accomplished by corolling, weld-ing, casting, heavy chemical deposition or heavy electroplating.

Cleavage Plane - Crystals possess the property of breaking more readily in one or more directions than in others. The planes of easy rupture are called cleav-age planes.

Close Tolerance - Hot rolled material is classed as close tolerance when fur-nished to size tolerances more restrictive than standard - in no case closer than 1/2 the standard variation.

Coil Breaks - Creased or ridges across a metal sheet transverse to the direc-tion of coiling, occasionally occurring when the metal has been coiled hot and uncoiled cold.

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Glossary of TermsCoining - A method of cold forming or sizing metal by compression, often used forimpartingsmoothfinishandclosetolerances.

Cold Drawing - The process of pulling a hot rolled bar through a die of lesser size. Cold drawing gives the hot rolled bar a bright, clean, uniform surface and increases tensile and yield strength. Cold drawing also increases torsional strength,surfacehardness,wearresistanceandimpartssignificantimprovementin machinability. In some cases, cold drawn bars subsequently may be subject-ed to grinding and polishing operations.

Cold Finishing - Changing the shape of, or reducing the cross section of steel while cold - usually accomplished by rolling, drawing through a die or turning.

Cold Heading-Forcingcoldmetaltoflowintodiestoformthickersectionsandintricate shapes.

Cold Rolled Products - Flat rolled products for which the approximate required thickness has been obtained by rolling without heating at approximately room temperature.

Cold Rolling - See “Cold Finishing.”

Cold Short - A condition of brittleness existing in some metals at temperatures below the recrystalization temperature.

Cold Shut - An area in metal where two portions of the metal in either a molten or plastic conditions have come together but have failed to unite into an integral mass.

Cold Working - Permanent deformation of a metal below its recrystalization temperature which hardens the metal.

Columnar Structure - A coarse structure of parallel columns of grains, having the long axis perpendicular to the casting surface.

Combined Carbon - All of the carbon in iron or steel which is combined with iron or other elements to form carbide.

Commercial Quality (CQ) - Sheet of this quality is for uses involving simple bendingormoderatedrawing.CommercialQualitysheetcanbebentflatuponitself in any direction at room temperature.

Compressive Strength - Yield: Maximum stress that a compressed metal can withstandwithoutapredefinedamountofdeformation.Ultimate:Maximumstress a brittle metal can withstand without fracturing when subjected to com-pression.

Consumable Electrode Melting - An ingot of steel is remelted in a vacuum by makingtheingotserveasaconsumableelectrode.Purpose:torefinethesteel.The melted ingot collects in a water-cooled copper mold.

Continuous Casting - A casting technique in which an ingot, billet, tube or other shapeiscontinuouslysolidifiedwhileitisbeingpoured,sothatitslengthisnotdetermined by mold dimensions.

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Continuous Mill - A mill in which several stands of rolls are arranged in tandem, usually so close together that the steel passes through several stands simultane-ously - for example: bar mills, strip mills, and some newer plate mills.

Controlled Cooling - Cooling from elevated temperature in a predetermined manner to avoid hardening, cracking or internal damage, or to produce a desired microstructure.Suchcoolingusuallyfollowsthefinalformingoperation.

Core - The center portion of a piece of steel which may be of different chemical composition than the outside, as in the case of carburized parts, or which may have different physical properties than the outside due to the failure of penetra-tion of heat treatment effect.

Corrosion Embrittlement - The severe loss of ductility of a metal resulting from corrosive attack, usually intergranular and often not visually apparent.

Corrosion Fatigue-Effectoftheapplicationofrepeatedorfluctuatingstressesin a corrosive environment characterized by shorter life than would be encoun-teredasaresultofeithertherepeatedorfluctuatingstressesaloneorthecor-rosive environment alone.

Corrosion Resistance - The ability of a metal to withstand attack in an environ-ment that is conducive to chemical or electrochemical reaction.

Covered Electrode -Afiller-metalelectrode,usedinarcwelding,consistingofametal core wire with a relatively thick covering which provides protection for the molten metal from the atmosphere, improves the properties of the weld metal and stabilizes the arc. The covering is usually mineral or metal powders mixed with cellulose or other binder.

Creep-Plasticdeformationorflowofmetalsheldforlongperiodoftimeatstresses lower than normal yield strength. Especially important if temperature of stressing is near recrystalization temperature of the metal.

Creep Limit-(1)Themaximumstressthatwillcauselessthanaspecifiedquantity of creep in a given time. (2) The maximum nominal stress under which the creep strain rate decreases continuously with time under constant load and at constant temperature. Sometimes used synonymously with creep strength. Creep Strength - The maximum stress which can be applied to steel at a speci-fiedtemperaturewithoutcausingmorethanaspecifiedpercentageincreaseinlengthinaspecifiedtime.

Creep Test - A number of samples, each loaded to a different stress, are placed in heating coils and held at a constant predetermined temperature. Tests are conducted for periods ranging from 1000-2000 hours during which time the samples stretch. The elongation is measured and recorded at regular intervals. The results show the amount of elongation which can be expected when the steel is subjected to a given stress and temperature within a given time.

Crevice Erosion - A type of concentration-cell corrosion; corrosion of a metal that is caused by the concentration of dissolved salts, metals ions, oxygen or oth-ergases,andsuch,increvicesorpocketsremotefromtheprincipalfluidstream,with a resultant building up of differential cells that ultimately cause deep pitting.

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Glossary of TermsCritical Cooling Rate-Theminimumrateofcontinuouscoolingjustsufficienttoprevent undesired transformations. For steel, the slowest rate at which it can be cooled from above the upper critical temperature to prevent the decomposition of austenite at any temperature above the M s.

Critical Points or Temperatures - The various temperatures at which transfor-mations occur in steel as it passes through its critical range - on either a rising or falling temperature (See Transformation Range.)

Critical Range - A temperature range in passing through which steel undergoes transformation. The preferred term is transformation range (q.v.)

Crop - The imperfect ends of a rolled of forged product which are removed and discarded.

Cross Rolling - The rolling of sheet so that the direction of rolling is changed about 90o from the direction of the previous rolling.

Crown - A contour on a sheet or roll where the thickness or diameter increases from edge to center.

Cryogenics - Working with materials in environments near absolute zero ( - 459.69o F).

Cup Fracture - A type of fracture - which looks like a cup having the exterior portion extended with the interior slightly depressed - produced in a tensile test specimen. Usually an indication of ductility.

Cutting Speed - The linear or peripheral speed of relative motion between the tool and workpiece in the principal direction of cutting.

Cyaniding - Surface hardening of an iron-base alloy article or portion of it by heating at suitable temperatures in contact with molten cyanide salt and then quenching.

DC (Direct Chill) Casting - A continuous method of making ingots or billets for sheet or extrusion by pouring the metal into a short mold. The base of the mold isaplatformthatisgraduallyloweredwhilethemetalsolidifies,thefrozenshellof metal acting as a retainer for the liquid metal below the wall of the mold. The ingot is usually cooled by the impingement of water directly on the mold or on the walls of the solid metal as it is lowered. The length of the ingot is limited by the depth to which the platform can be lowered; therefore, it is often called semicon-tinuous casting.

Decalescence - The absorption of heat, due to internal changes, which occurs when steel is heated through the critical temperature range.

Decarburization - Removal of carbon from the outer surface of iron or steel, usually by heating in an oxidizing or reducing atmosphere. Water vapor, oxygen and carbon dioxide are strong decarburizers. Reheating with adhering scale is also strongly decarburizing in action.

Deep Drawing -The process of cold working or drawing sheet or strip metal blanks by means of dies on a press into shapes which are usually more or less cup-like in character involving considerable plastic deformation of the metal. Deep-drawing quality sheet or strip steel, ordered or sold on the basis of suit-ability for deep-drawing.

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Deep Etching-Etching,forexaminationatlowmagnification,byareagentthatattacks the metal to a much greater extent than is normal for microscopic exami-nation - may bring out such features as abnormal grain size segregation, cracks orgrainflow.

Dendrite - A crystal that has a tree-like branching pattern , being most evident in castmetalsslowlycooledthroughthesolidificationrange.

Deoxidizing - Removal of oxygen. In steel sheet, strip, and wire technology, the term refers to heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere, to lessen the amount of scale.

Deoxidation -Aprocessusedduringmeltingandrefiningofsteeltoremoveand / or chemically combine oxygen from the molten steel to prevent porosity in thesteelwhenitissolidified.

Deoxidized Sheets - Hot rolled sheets that have been bright annealed.

Depth of Penetration - The depth to which appreciable hardening occurs when steel is quenched from its hardening temperature.

Diamond Pyramid Hardness Test - An indentation hardness test employing a 136o diamond pyramid indenter and variable loads enabling the use of one hard-ness scale for all ranges of hardness form soft lead to tungsten carbide.

Differential Heating - Heating so that various portions of an article reach differ-ent temperatures to produce different properties upon cooling.

Distortion - A change in shape (usually refers to changes of shape caused by internal stress).

Double Vacuum Melting - Ingots made by the vacuum induction melting method arere-meltedandfurtherrefinedbytheconsumableelectrodemethod.

Drawing - Drawing may refer to the pulling of steel through a die, as in drawing wire, or deforming steel in dies on a press (deep drawing).

Drawing Back - Reheating after hardening to a temperature below the critical range for the purpose of improving the ductility and or lowering the hardness of the steel.

Drawing Quality (DQ) - As compared with sheet of Commercial Quality, Draw-ing Quality sheet has a greater degree of ductility and is more consistent in performance. The greater ductility and uniformity result from higher standards of production, selection, and processing of the steel .

Drawing Quality - Special Killed (DQSK) - When Drawing Quality will not pro-videasufficientdegreeofductilityforfabricationofpartsorapplicationsrequirethat the sheet be free from aging Drawing Quality - Special Killed steel should be used. This quality is made by special steelmaking and processing practices. Also sometimes known as deep drawing quality.

Drop Forging - A forging made with a drop hammer.

Drop Hammer - A forging hammer that depends on gravity for its force.

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Glossary of TermsDuctile Crack Propagation - Slow crack propagation that is accompanied by noticeable plastic deformation and requires energy to be supplied from outside the body.

Ductility - Ability of steel to undergo permanent changes in shape without frac-ture at room temperature.

Duralumin-Thetradenameappliedtothefirstaluminum-copper-magnesiumtype of age-hardenable alloy (17S), which contains nominally 4% Cu, ½ % Mg. The term is sometimes used to include the class of wrought aluminum-copper-magnesium alloys that harden during aging at room temperature.

Earing - Wavy projections formed at the opera end of a cup or shell in the course of deep drawing because of differences in directional properties. Also termed scallop.

Eccentricity of Tubing - Variation on wall thickness, when the wall is lighter on one side and heavier at a point of 180o away, resulting in the I.D. of the tube be-ing not concentric with the O.D.

Eddy-Current Testing - Nondestructive testing method in which eddy-curent flowisinducedinthetestobject.Changesintheflowcausedbyvariationsintheobjectarereflectedintoanearbycoilorcoilsforsubsequentanalysisbysuitableinstrumentation and techniques.

Edge Condition - Mill Edge: Normal edge produced in rolling, conforms to no definitecontour.ShearedEdge:Onecutafterrolling.SlitEdge:Producedwhenstrip or coil is slit into multiple widths.

Elastic Limit - Maximum stress that a material will stand before permanent deformation occurs.

Elongation - Increase in length which occurs before a metal is fractured, when subjected to stress. This is usually expressed as a percentage of the original length and is a measure of the ductility of the metal. Endurance Limit - Maximum alternating stress, which a given material will with-standforanindefinitenumberoftimes,withoutcausingfatiguefailure.

Erichsen Test - Similar to the Olsen Test. Readings are in millimeters.

Etching - In metallography, the process of revealing structural details by the preferential attack of reagents on a metal surface.

Etch Tests - Etching to detect inclusion in steel. A common test is dipping a sample into acid which reacts with the inclusion to disclose their presence.

Eutectoid Steel - Steel representing the eutectoid composition of the iron carbon system, with about 0.80% to 0.83% carbon, the eutectoid temperature being about 1333°F. Such steel in the annealed condition consists exclusively of pearlite. Steels with less than this quota of carbon are known as hypo-eutectoid and contain free ferrite in addition to the pearlite. When more carbon is present, the steel is known as hyper-eutectoid and contains free cementite. The presence of certain elements, such as nickel or chromium, lowers the eutectoid carbon content.

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Exfoliation - A type of corrosion that progresses approximately parallel to the outer surface of the metal, causing layers of the metal to be elevated by the formation of corrosion product. Extensometer - An apparatus for indicating the deformation of metal while it is subjected to stress.

Extrusion - Shaping metal into a chosen continuous form by forcing it through a die of appropriate shape.

Fatigue - A condition leading to the eventual fracture of a material due to con-stant or repeated stresses that exert less pressure than the tensile strength of the material.

Fatigue Life - The number of cycle of stress that can be sustained prior to failure for a stated test condition.

Fatigue Limit - See “Endurance Limit.”

Fatigue Strength -Themaximumstressthatcanbesustainedforaspecifiednumber of cycles without failure, the stress being completely reversed within each cycle unless otherwise stated.

Fatigue Test - Highly polished samples are subject to stress while bending, which results in a reversal of stress for every complete revolution. The stress is reduced on each succeeding sample until the maximum stress sample will sustainfortenmillionreversalshasbeenreached.Sinceexperiencejustifiestheassumption that if steel can withstand ten million reversals, it can withstand such stressindefinely.Thisstressisreportedasthefatiguelimit.

Ferrite - The room temperature form of alpha iron, one of the two major constitu-ents of steel (cementite) in which it acts as the solvent to form solid solutions with such elements as manganese, nickel, silicon and, to a small degree, carbon.

Ferrite Banding - Parallel bands of free ferrite aligned in the direction of work-ing. Sometime referred to as ferrite streaks.

Ferro Alloys - A metal product commonly used as a raw material feed in steel-making, to aid various stages of the steelmaking process such as deoxidation, desulfurization, and adding strength. Examples: ferrochrome, ferromanganese, and ferrosilicon.

Fiber-Acharacteristicofwroughtmetalmanifestedbyafibrousorwoodyap-pearanceoffracturesandindicatingdirectionalproperties.Fiberisduechieflyto the extension in the direction of working on the constituents of the metal, both metallic and non-metallic.

Fiber Stress - Unit stress at a certain point when overall section stress is not uniform.

Fin - Protuberances resulting from the improper squeezing of steel during rolling. Also see “Flash.”

Finish-Thesurfaceappearanceofsteelafterfinaltreatment.

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Glossary of TermsFinished Steel - Steel that is ready for the market without further work or treat-ment.Blooms,billets,slabs,sheet,bars,andwirerodsaretermedsemi-finished.

Finishing Temperature - The temperature at which hot working is completed.

Firebox Quality - Quality of plates for use in pressure vesselss which will be exposedtofireorheatandtheresultingthermalandmechanicalstresses.

Fish eyes - Areas on a fractured steel surface having a characteristic white crystalline appearance.

Flakes-Shortdiscontinuousinternalfissuresinferrousmetalsattributedtostresses produced by localized transformation and decreased solubility of hydrogenduringcoolingafterhotworking.Inafracturedsurface,flakesappearas bright silvery areas; on an etched surface they appear as short discontinuous cracks.Alsocalledshattercracksandsnowflakes.

Flame Annealing - A process of softening a metal by the application of heat from ahigh-temperatureflame.

Flame Cutting - Oxygen cutting in which the appropriate part of the material to becutisraisedtoignitiontemperaturebyanoxy-fuelgasflame.

Flame Hardening - A hardening process in which the surface is heated by direct flameimpingementandthenquenched

Flange Quality - Quality of plates for use in pressure vessels which are not exposedtofireorradiantheat.Specialmanufacturing,testandmarkingarerequired.

Flare Test - A test applied to tubing, involving a tapered expansion over a cone. Similar to pin expansion test.

Flash - (1) In forging, the excess metal forced between the upper and lower dies.(2)Inresistancebuttwelding,afinformedperpendiculartothedirectionofap-plied pressure.

Flash Point - Ignition point - usually applied to oils.

Flash Welding - A resistance butt welding process in which the weld is produced over the entire abutting surface by pressure and heat, the heat being produced by electric arc between the members being welded.

Flattening-Standardcommercialflatnessisobtainedbyrollerleveling.Thisconsists in passing sheets singly or in packs through a machine having a series of small diameter rolls.

Foil - Metal in sheet form less than 0.006 in. in thickness.

Forging - A piece of metal which has been shaped or formed, while hot, by forg-ing with a hammer (hand or power), in a press, or by a drop hammer.

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Forging Quality -Semi-finishedsteelproducedforapplicationsinvolvingforgingrequire manufacturing control for chemical composition, deoxidization mold prac-tice, pouring, rolling, discard, cooling surface preparation, testing and inspection. Purchaser’s method of fabrication and end use is a vital consideration in produc-ingsteeltothisbroaddefinition.

Forging Stresses - Stresses resulting from forging or from cooling from the forg-ing temperature.

Fractography - Descriptive treatment of fracture, especially in metals, with specifiedreferencetophotographsofthefracturesurface.Macrofractographyinvolvesphotographsatlowmagnification;microfractography,athighmagnifica-tion.

Fracture - The surface of a break in metal.

Fracture Test - Nicking and breaking a bar by means of sudden impact, to en-able macroscopic study of the fracture.

Free Machining - Pertains to the machining characteristics of an alloy to which one or more ingredients have been introduced to produce small broken chips, lowpowerconsumption,bettersurfacefinishorlongertoollife.

Fretting - (Fretting Corrosion) - Action that results in surface damage, especially in a corrosive environment, when there is relative motion between solid surfaces in contact under pressure.

Full Annealing - Heating the metal to about 100 (degrees) F. above the critical temperature range, followed by soaking at this point and slow cooling below the critical temperature. Full Hardness - Usually the hardness of heat treated steel after quenching and before tempering.

Galling - Developing a condition on the rubbing surface of one or both mating parts where excessive friction between high spots results in localized welding with substantial spalling and a further roughening of the surface.

Galvanic Corrosion - Accelerated corrosion of a metal because of an electrical contact with a more noble metal or nonmetallic conductor in a corrosive electro-lyte.

Galvanizing-Coatingsteelwithzincandtin(principallyzinc)forrustproofingpurposes. Formerly for the purpose of galvanizing, cut length steel sheets were passed singly through a bath of the molten metal. Today’s galvanizing processing method consists of uncoiling and passing the continuous length of successive coils either through a molten bath of the metal termed Hot Dipped Galvanizing or by continuously zinc coating the uncoiled sheet electrolytically- termed Electro-Galvanizing.

Galvannealing - Applying an extra tight coat of zinc to a soft steel sheet, then passing through an oven at about 1200o F. gives a dull gray unspangled coat well suited for painting.

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Glossary of TermsGas Cutting - Refers to a procedure used for cutting when maximum shearing limitations for thickness and chemical compositions are exceeded. Also known asflamecutorspecialcutedgeplates.

Grain Growth - An increase in the average size of the grains in polycrystalline metal or alloy, usually a result of heating at elevated temperature.

Grain Refinement - Reducing the crystalline or grain structure by heat treating, or by a combination of heat treating and mechanical working.

Grain Size - Average diameter of grains in the metal under consideration, or alternatively, the number of grains per unit area. Since increase in grain size is paralleled by lower ductility and impact resistance, the question of general grain sizeisofgreatsignificance.Theadditionofcertainmetalsaffectsgrainsize,forexamplevanadiumandaluminumtentogivesteelafinegrain.TheASTMhas set up a grain size standard for steels, and the McQuaid-Ehn Test has been developed as a method of measurement.

Grain Structure - The type of crystalline structure as observed by eye or under the microscope.

Granular Fracture - A type of irregular surface produced when metal fractures, characterized by a rough, grain like appearance as differentiated from a smooth silky,orfibrous,type.Itcanbesubclassifiedintotrans-granularandinter-gran-ular forms.. This type of fracture is frequently called crystalline fracture, but the implication that the metal has crystallized is completely misleading.

Graphitizing - Annealing gray cast iron so that most of the carbon is transformed to the graphitic condition. Controlled by increasing silicon and by thermal treat-ment.

Gray Cast Iron - A cast iron that gives a gray fracture due to the presence of flakegraphite.Oftencalledgrayiron.

Grinding and Polishing-Coldfinishingoperationsthatmaybeappliedtocolddrawnorturnedbars.Thebarsarefirstgroundtoclosetoleranceincenter-less grinders and kept very straight during the operation. They are then saw cut on both ends to give a square, true cut, and burnished to a brilliant, bright finish.Theresultsarebarswithextremelyclosesizetolerance,ahighdegreeofstraightnessandasuperiorfinish.Grindingandpolishingmaybeprecededby either a cold drawing or turning operation. The mechanical properties remain comparable to those of the original hot rolled bar except when preceded by cold drawing.

Grinding Cracks - Shallow cracks formed in the surface of relatively hard mate-rials because of excessive grinding heat or the high sensitivity of the material.

Gun Drill-Adrill,usuallywithoneormoreflutesandwithcoolantpassagesthrough the drill body, used for deep hole drilling.

Half Rounds - Bars having a cross section that is a half circle.

Hammer Forging - Forging in which the work is deformed by repeated blows. Compare with press forging.

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Hard Chromium - Chromium deposited for engineering purposes, such as increasing the wear resistance of sliding metal surfaces, rather than as a decora-tive coating. It is usually applied directly to basis metal and is customarily thicker than a decorative deposit.

Hardenability - The ability of a metal, usually steel, to harden in depth as distin-guished from the terms “hardness.”

Hardening - (As applied to heat treatment of steel.) Heating and quenching to produce increased hardness.

Hardness - Ability of material to resist penetration.

Heat-Affected Zone - That portion of the base metal which was not melted dur-ing brazing, cutting or welding, but whose microstructure and physical properties were altered by the heat.

Heat (of steel)-Abatchofrefinedsteel.Abasicoxygenorelectricfurnacefullofsteel. One heat of steel will be used to cast several slabs, blooms or billets.

Heat Resisting Steels - Those steels which are used for service at relatively high temperatures because they retain much of their strength and resist oxida-tion under such condition.

Heat Tinting - Coloration of a metal surface through oxidation by heating to reveal details of structure.

Heat Treatment - An operation or combination of operations involving the heat-ing and cooling of steels in the solid state for the purpose of obtaining certain desirable mechanical, microstructural or corrosion-resisting properties.

High Draw - A drawing temperature not very much below the Ac 1 point of the steel - used to develop high ductility when tempering steel after the quench.

High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA)-Aspecificgroupofsteelsinwhichthestrength levels are achieved by the addition of moderate amounts of alloying ele-ments. The most common are columbium, vanadium or titanium.

Homogenizing - Holding at high temperature to eliminate or decrease chemical segregation by diffusion.

Honing - Removing stock generally on the internal cylindrical surface of a workpiece with an abrasive stick mounted in a holder.

Hot Forming - Working operations such as bending and drawing sheet and plate, forging, pressing, and heading, performed on metal heated to tempera-tures above room temperature.

Hot Rolled - This term describes steel products that are brought to approximate finishedsizebyrollingatelevatedtemperatures.

HRAR (Hot Rolled as Rolled) - A description of steel products that are rolled to finishedthicknessandnotsubsequentlyheattreated.

Hot Shortness - Brittleness in metal, at an elevated temperature.

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Glossary of TermsHot Top - (1) A reservoir, thermally insulated or heated, to hold molten metal on top of a mold to feed the ingot or casting as it contracts on solidifying to avoid having “pipe” or voids.

Hot Working-Plasticdeformationofmetalatatemperaturesufficientlyhighnotto create strain hardening. The lower limit of temperature for this process is the re-crystallization temperature.

H-Steels - Steels produced to end quench hardenability limits.

Hydrogen Embrittlement - (1) Brittleness of metal, resulting from the occlusion of hydrogen (usually as a by-product of pickling or by co-deposition in electro-plating). (2) A condition of low ductility resulting from hydrogen absorption and internal pressure developed subsequently. Electrolytic copper exhibits similar results when exposed to reducing atmosphere at elevated temperature.

Immersed Scanning - In ultrasonics, a planned, systematic movement of the beam relative to the object being inspected, the search unit being coupled to this object through a column of liquid. In most cases the object and the search unit are submerged in water.

Impact Energy (Impact Value) - The amount of energy required to fracture a material, usually measured by means of an Izod or Charpy test. The type of specimen and testing conditions affect the values and therefore should be speci-fied.

Impact Test - Test designed to determine the resistance of metal to breakage by impact, usually by concentrating the applied stress to a notched specimen.

Impact Values - Resistance to shock and ability to distribute localized stress as measured by impact test - usually expressed in foot-pounds.

Inclusion - A nonmetallic material in a solid metallic material. Slag or other foreign matter entrapped during welding. The defect is usually more irregular in shape than a gas pore.

Induction Hardening - A process of hardening a ferrous alloy by heating it above the transformation range by means of electrical induction, and then cool-ing as required. Quench hardening in which the heat is generated by electrical induction.

Inert-Gas Shielded-Arc Welding - Arc welding in an inert gas such as argon or helium.

Ingot -Aformofsemi-finishedsteel.Liquidsteelisteemed(poured)intomolds,whereitslowlysolidifies.Oncethesteelissolid,themoldisstripped,andthe25-to 30-ton ingots are then ready for subsequent rolling or forging.

Ingot Iron - Commercially pure open-hearth iron.

Intergranular Corrosion - Electrochemical corrosion along the grain boundar-ies of an alloy, usually caused because the boundary regions contain material anodic to the center of the grain.

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Interrupted Quenching - Quenching in which the metal object being quenched is removed from the quenching medium while the object is at a temperature substantially higher than that of the quenching medium Investment Casting - (1) Casting metal into a mold produced by surround-ing (investing) an expendable pattern with a refractory slurry that sets at room temperature after which the wax, plastic, or frozen mercury pattern is removed through the use of heat. Also called precision casting, or lost-wax process.(2) A casting made by the process.

Iron - (Chemical symbol Fe.) Element No. 26 of the periodic system; Atomic weight 55.85. A magnetic silver white metal of high tensile strength, ductile and malleable. Melting point of pure iron is about 2795 (degrees) F. Chemically iron ischieflybaseforming.Theprincipalformsofcommercialironaresteel,castironand wrought iron.

Isothermal Transformation - A change in phase at any constant temperature.

Izod Test - A pendulum type of single-blow impact test in which the specimen, usuallynotched,isfixedatoneendandbrokenbyafallingpendulum.Theenergy absorbed, as measured by the subsequent rise of the pendulum, is a measure of impact strength or notch toughness.

Jominy End-Quench Test - This is a hardenability test in which a steel sample is heated to its proper quenching temperature and subjected to a spray of water at one end, a quenching method which provides a very rapid rate of cooling at the end sprayed, with progressively slower cooling all the way up to the other end.

Kerf - That part of the material lost through processing. The amount will vary, depending on the type and thickness of material, and the process used.

Killed Steel - Steel deoxidized with a strong deoxidizing agent, such as silicon or aluminium, to reduce the oxygen content to such a level that no reaction oc-cursbetweencarbonandoxygenduringsolidification.Thetermkilledindicatesthatthesteelhasbeensufficientlydeoxidizedtoquietthemoltenmetalwhenpoured into the ingot mold. The general practice is to use aluminum ferrosilicon or manganese as deoxidizing agents. A properly killed steel is more uniform as to analysis and is comparatively free from aging. However, for the same carbon and manganese content Killed Steel is harder than Rimmed Steel. In general all steels above 0.25% carbon are killed, also all forging grades, structural steels from 0.15% to 0.25% carbon and some special steels in the low carbon range. Most steels below 0.15% carbon are rimmed steel.

Kip - A unit of load equalling 1000 pounds or 453.59 kilograms.

Ladle Analysis - A term applied to the chemical analysis representative of a heat of steel as reported by the producer. It is determined by analyzing a test ingot sample obtained during the pouring of the steel from a ladle.

Lamination - An abnormal structure resulting in a separation or weakness aligned generally parallel to the worked surface of the metal.

Lap - A surface defect, appearing as a seam, caused by fording over hot metal, fins,orsharpcornersandthenrollingorforgingthemintothesurface,butnotwelding them.

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Glossary of TermsLeveling - A mechanical process in which the strip is stretched beyond its yield pointbybendingoversmalldiameterrolls.Thepurposeistoimprovetheflat-ness of characteristics of the strip. Flattening rolled metal sheet or strip.

Light Metals-Metalandalloysthathavealowspecificgravity,suchasberyl-lium, magnesium and aluminum.

Lock Forming Quality (LFQ) - Galvanized steel sheet of this quality is intended primarily for use in fabrication where it is to be subjected to machine lock form-ing.

Long Ternes - Flat rolled steel in sheet sizes coated with a mixture of lead and tin. Coating usually contains 80% to 85% lead and 15% to 20% tin.

Longitudinal Direction-Theprincipaldirectionofflowinaworkedmetal.

Low-Hydrogen Electrode - A covered arc-welding electrode that provides an atmosphere around the arc and molten weld metal which is low in hydrogen.

Lubricity - Slipperiness. The ability of steel sheet to slide in a forming die.

Machinability - The relative ease of machining a metal.

Machinability Index - A relative measure of the machinability of an engineering materialunderspecifiedstandardconditions.

Machine Straightening - Straightening metal bars by rolling in a straightening machine.

Machining - Refers to performing multiple processes to a piece of metal to pro-duceacustomerspecifiedcomponentpart.

Macroetch Test - Consists of immersing a carefully prepared section of the steel in hot acid and of examining the etched surface to evaluate the soundness and homogeneity of the product being tested.

Macrostructure - The structure of metal as revealed by macroscopic examina-tion.

Magnaflux Test - A method of detecting cracks, laps, and other defects by mag-netizingthesteelandapplyingfinemagneticparticles(dryorsuspendedinsolu-tion). Presence of a surface or subsurface defect is indicted by a particle pattern.

Magnetic-Analysis Inspection - A nondestructive method of inspection for de-termining the existence and extent of possible defects in ferromagnetic materials. Finely divided magnetic particles, applied to the magnetized part, are attracted to andoutlinethepatternofanymagneticleakagefieldscreatedbydiscontinuities.

Malleability - The property that determines the ease of deforming a metal when the metal is subjected to rolling or hammering. The more malleable metals can be hammered or rolled into thin sheet more easily than others.

Malleabilizing - A process of annealing white cast iron in such a way that the combined carbon is wholly or partly transformed to graphitic or free carbon or, in some instances, part of the carbon is removed completely.

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Maraging Steels - A group of high nickel martensitic steels developed by the International Nickel Co. Their high strength and ductility evolve primarily from the aging of a martensitic matrix.

Martempering - (1) A hardening procedure in which an austenitized ferrous material is quenched into an appropriate medium at a temperature just above the Martensite temperature of the material, held in the medium until the temperature is uniform throughout - but not long enough for bainite to form - and then cooled in air. The treatment is frequently followed by tempering. (2) When the process is applied to carburized material, the controlling Ms temperature is that of the case. This variation of the process is frequently called marquenching.

Martensite - A metalstable transition phase with a body-centered-tetragonal crystal structure formed by diffusionless transformation of austenite generally during cooling between the Ms and Mf temperatures.A distinctive needle like structure as a transition stage in the transformation of austenite. It is the hardest constituent of steel of eutectoid composition. It is pro-duced by rapid cooling from quenching temperature and is the chief constituent of hardened carbon tool steels. Martensite is magnetic.

Matrix - The ground mass or principal substance in which a constituent is em-bedded.

McQuaid-Ehn Test - A test for revealing grain size of steel by heating above crit-ical range in a carbonaceous medium. This causes grains to be outlined sharply when polished, etched and viewed under a microscope. Grain sizes range from No.8(finest)toNo.1(coarsest).

Mean Dimension - The average of minimum and maximum mill tolerances; gen-erally used in connection with tubing on O.D., I.D. or wall dimension.

Mechanical Properties - Those properties of a material that reveal the elas-tic and inelastic reaction when force is applied, or that involve the relationship between stress and strain; for example, the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and fatigue limit. These properties have often been designated as physical prop-erties, but the term mechanical properties is much to be preferred. The mechani-cal properties of steel are dependent on its microstructure.

Merchant Bar - A group of commodity steel shapes that consist of rounds, squares,flats,strips,angles,andchannels,whichfabricators,steelservicecen-ters and manufacturers cut, bend and shape into products. Merchant products require more specialized processing than reinforcing bar.

Microscopic - Extremely small - not large enough to be seen with the naked eye.

Microstructure - The structure of a prepared surface of a metal as revealed by a microscopeatamagnificationgreaterthantendiameters.

Mill Edge - The edge of strip, sheet or plate in the as rolled state. Unsheared.

Mill Finish-Asurfacefinishproducedonsheetandplate.Characteristicofthegroundfinishusedontherollsinfabrication.

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Glossary of TermsModulus of Elasticity - A measure of the rigidity of metal. Ratio of stress, within proportionallimit,tocorrespondingstrain.Specifically,themodulusobtainedin tension or compression is Young’s modulus, stretch modulus or modulus of extensibility; the modulus obtained in torsion or shear is modulus of rigidity, shear modulus or modulus of torsion; the modulus covering the ratio of the mean normal stress to the change in volume per unit volume is the bulk modulus. The tangent modulus and secant modulus are not restricted within the proportional limit;theformeristheslopeofthestress-straincurveataspecifiedpoint;thelatteristheslopeofalinefromtheorigintoaspecifiedpointonthestress-straincurve.Alsocalledelasticmodulusandcoefficientofelasticity.

Network Structure - A structure in which the crystals of one constituent are sur-rounded by envelopes of another constituent which gives a network appearance to an etched test specimen.

Nickel Steel - Steel containing nickel as an alloying element. Varying amounts are added to increase the strength in the normalized condition to enable harden-ing to be performed in oil or air instead of water.

Nitriding - Introducing nitrogen into a solid ferrous alloy by holding at a suitable temperature (below Ac1 for ferritic steels) in contact with a nitrogenous material, usually ammonia of molten cyanide of appropriate composition. Quenching is not required to produce a hard case. Process of surface hardening certain types of steel by heating in ammonia gas at about 935-1000 (degrees) F., the increase in hardness being the result of surface nitride formation. Certain alloying con-stituents, principal among them being aluminum, greatly facilitate the hardening reaction. In general, the depth of the case is less than with carburizing.

Nominal Dimension-OD,ID,orwallthicknessoftubingspecifiedbybuyer,regardless of how the tolerances are expressed.

Normalizing - A heat treatment applied to steel, Involves heating above the criti-calrangefollowedbycoolinginstillair.Isperformedtorefinethecrystalstruc-ture and eliminate internal stress.

Notch Brittleness - A measure of the susceptibility of a material to brittle fracture at locations of stress concentration. For example, in a notch tensile test a mate-rial is said to be notch brittle if its notch strength is less than its tensile strength; otherwise, it is said to be notch ductile.

Notch (Impact) Toughness - An indication of a steel’s capacity to absorb energy when a stress concentrator or notch is present. Examples are Charpy V-Notch, dynamic tear, drop-weight and drop-weight tear tests.

Oil Quench - A quench from the hardening temperature, in which oil is the cool-ing medium.

Oiled-Applicationofasuitableoiltoflatrolledsteeltoretardrusting.Whensurface is a consideration, it is also desirable in reducing friction scratches that may develop in transit. The oil coating is not intended to serve as a lubricant for subsequent fabrication.

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Olsen Test - A method of measuring the ductility and drawing properties of strip or sheet metal which involves determination of the width and depth of impres-sion. The test simulating a deep drawing operation is made by a standard steel ball under pressure, continuing until the cup formed from the metal sample fractures. Readings are in thousandths of an inch. This test is sometimes used to detectstretcherstrainingandindicatesthesurfacefinishafterdrawing,similartothe Erichsen ductility test.

Open Hearth Furnace-Abroad,shallowhearthtorefinepigironandscrapintosteel.Heatissuppliedfromalarge,luminousflameoverthesurface,andtherefiningtakesseventoninehours.OpenHearths,atonetimethemostabundantsteelmaking furnaces among integrated companies, have been replaced by the basic oxygen furnace.

Orange Peel - A surface roughening (defect) encountered in forming products frommetalstockthathasacoarsegrainsize.Itisduetounevenflowortotheappearance of the overly large grains usually the result of annealing at too high a temperature. Also referred to as “pebbles” and “alligator skin.”

Out-of-Round - The difference between maximum and minimum diameters of a bar measured at the same cross section.

Out-of-Square - The difference between two dimensions of a square bar, each dimension being the distance between opposite sides and both measured at the same cross section. May also apply to the difference in diagonal measurements of plate or sheet products.

Overaging - Aging under conditions of time and temperature greater than those required to obtain maximum change in a certain property, so that the property is altered in the direction of the initial value See Aging.

Overheating - Heating a metal or alloy to such a high temperature that its prop-erties are impaired. When the original properties cannot be restored by further heat treating, by mechanical working, or by combination of working and heat treating, the overheating is known as burning.

Oxygen-Free Copper - Electrolytic copper free from cuprous oxide, produced without the use of residual metallic or metalloidal deoxidizers.

Pack Rolling - Rolling two or more pieces of thin sheet at the same time, a method usually practiced in rolling sheet into thin foil.

Pancake Forging - A rough forged shape which may be obtained quickly with a minimum of tooling. It usually requires considerable machining to attain the finishsize.

Passivation - Generally refers to a process for the surface treatment of stainless steels. Material is subjected to the action of an oxidizing solution, usually nitric acid,whichaugmentsandstrengthensthenormalprotectiveoxidefilmenablingthe material to resist corrosive attack. The passivating process also removes foreign substances from the surface which might cause local corrosion.

Patenting - A heat treatment applied to medium and high-carbon steel prior to cold drawing to wire. The treatment involves austenitization followed by isother-maltransformationatatemperaturethatproducesamicrostructureofveryfinepearlite.The metal is gradually heated to about 1830 (degrees) F., with subse-quent cooling, usually in air, in a bath of molten lead, or in a fused salt mixture held between 800 (degrees) F. and 1050 (degrees) F.

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Glossary of TermsPearlite - A eutectoid transformation product of ferrite and cementite that ideally has a lamellar structure but that is always degenerate to some extent.Lamellar structure resembling mother of pearl. A compound of iron and carbon occurring in steel as a result of the transformation of austenite into aggregations of ferrite and iron carbide.

Peening - Mechanical working of metal by hammer blows or shot impingement.

Penetrant Inspection - A method of non-destructive testing for determining the existence and extent of discontinuities that are open to the surface in the part being inspected. The indications are made visible through the use of a dye or fluorescentchemicalintheliquidemployedastheinspectionmedium.

Permanent Set - Non-elastic or plastic, deformation of metal under stress, after passing the elastic limit.

Phosphorus Banding - A visible band occurring in metals caused by localized phosphide segregations.

Photomicrograph-Aphotographicreproductionofanyobjectmagnifiedmorethan ten diameters. The term micrograph may be used.

Physical Properties - Those properties familiarly discussed in physics, exclu-sive of those described under mechanical properties; for example, density, elec-tricalconductivity,co-efficientofthermalexpansion.Thistermoftenhasbeenused to describe mechanical properties, but this usage is not recommended.

Pickling - Immersion of steel in a dilute solution of acid for the purpose of remov-ing the scale.

Piercing - Process of spinning and rolling a billet over a mandrel in such a way that a hole is opened in the center. Pig Iron - The name for the melted iron produced in a blast furnace, containing a large quantity of carbon (above 1.5%). Named long ago when molten iron was pouredthroughatrenchinthegroundtoflowintoshallowearthenholes,thearrangement looked like newborn pigs suckling. The central channel became known as the “sow,” and the molds were “pigs.”

Pin Expansion Test - A test for determining the ability of tubes to be expanded or for revealing the presence of cracks or other longitudinal weaknesses, made by forcing a tapered pin into the open end of a tube.

Pipe (Imperfection) - The center void in wrought products resulting from the centralcavityformedbycontractioninmetal,especiallyingots,duringsolidifica-tion.

Pit - A sharp depression in the surface of the metal.

Planishing -Producingasmoothsurfacefinishonmetalbyrapidsuccessionof blows delivered by highly polished dies or by a hammer designed for the pur-pose, or by rolling in a planishing mill.

Plate - Sheet steel with a width of more than eight inches, with a thickness rang-ing from one quarter of an inch to more than one foot (see Sheet Steel).

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Porosity - A group of gas pores.

Postheating - Heating weldments immediately after welding, for tempering, for stress relieving, or for providing a controlled rate of cooling to prevent formation of a hard or brittle structure.

Precipitation Hardening (PH) - Hardening caused by the precipitation of a constituent form a supersaturated solid solution. A small group of stainless steels with high chromium and nickel content, with the most common types having characteristics close to those of martensitic (plain chromium stainless class with exceptional strength) steels. Heat treatment provides this class with its very high strength and hardness. Applications for PH stainless steels include shafts for pumps and valves as well as aircraft parts.

Preheating - Heating before some further thermal or mechanical treatment. For tool steel, heating to an intermediate temperature immediately before austenitiz-ing. For some nonferrous alloys, heating to a high temperature for a long time, in order to homogenize the structure before working.

Press Forging - Forging metal, usually hot, between dies in a press.

Pressure Vessel Quality - Sheets and plate suitable for applications in pressure vessels and similar purposes. Pressure vessel requirements replace the previ-ouslyusedflangeandfireboxqualities.

Primes - Metal products, such as sheet and plate, of the highest quality and free from visible surface defects.

Process Annealing - In the sheet and wire industries, a process by which a ferrous alloy is heated to a temperature close to, but below, the lower limit of the transformation range and is subsequently cooled. This process is applied in order to soften the alloy for further cold working.

Proof Stress-(1)Thestressthatwillcauseaspecifiedsmallpermanentsetinamaterial.(2)Aspecifiedstresstobeappliedtoamemberorstructuretoindicateits ability to withstand service loads.

Proportional Limit - The greatest stress that the material is capable of sustain-ing without a deviation from the law of proportionality of stress to strain.

Pulse-Echo Method - A nondestructive test in which pulses of energy are di-rectedontoapart,andthetimefortheechotoreturnfromoneormorereflectingsurfaces is measured.

Pyrometer - An instrument of various types used for measuring temperatures.

Quench & Temper - The steel is rapidly cooled from above its critical tempera-ture range (austenitizing) to a temperature far below this range. Water or oil is used to accelerate the cooling. In the as-quenched condition, the product is not suitable for more commercial applications because of its poor ductility and high hardness. The steel must, therefore, be tempered in order to soften it somewhere to improve its ductility and toughness and relieve internal stresses. Tempering is a reheating treatment done at temperatures usually in the range between 800oF and 1200oF.

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Glossary of TermsQuench Cracking - The development of fractures in the surface of steel parts as a result of heat treatment that involves rapid cooling.

Quench Hardening - Hardening a ferrous alloy by austenitizing and then cooling rapidly enough so that some or all of the austenite transforms to martensite. The austenitizing temperature for hypoeutectoid steels is usually above Ac3 and for hypereutectoid steels usually between Ac1 and Ac (cm).

Quenching - In the heat treating of metals, the step of cooling metals rapidly in order to obtain desired properties; most commonly accomplished by immersing the metal in oil or water. In the case of most copper base alloys, quenching has no effect other than to hasten cooling.

Quenching Medium - The medium used for cooling steel during heat treatment - usually oil, water, air, or salts.

Quenching Temperature - The temperature from which steel is quenched dur-ing a heat treating process.

Radiography - A nondestructive method of internal examination in which metal objects are exposed to a beam of X-ray or gamma radiation. Differences in thickness, density or absorption, caused by internal defects or inclusions, are apparentintheshadowimageeitheronafluorescentscreenoronphotographicfilmplacedbehindtheobject.

Random Lengths-Atermindicatingnospecifiedminimumormaximumlengthwith lengths falling within the range indicated.

Recalescence - The liberation of heat due to internal changes, which occurs when steel is cooled through the critical temperature range.

Re-crystallization - (1) The change from one crystal structure to another, as occurs on heating or cooling through a critical temperature. (2) The formation of a new, strain-free grain structure from that existing in cold worked metal, usually accomplished by heating.

Recrystallization Temperature - The approximate minimum temperature at whichcompleterecrystallizationofacoldworkedmetaloccurswithinaspecifiedtime.

Red Shortness - Brittleness in steel when it is red hot.

Reduction - Reducing thickness of sheet or strip by hot or cold rolling.

Reduction of Area - The difference between the original cross-sectional area of a tensile specimen and that of the smallest area at the point of rupture. It is usu-ally stated as a percentage of the original area; also called “contraction of area.”

Refinement of Structure-See“GrainRefinement.”

Refining Temperature - A temperature, usually just higher than the transforma-tionrange,employedintheheattreatmentofsteeltorefinethestructure--inparticular, the grain size.

Refractory Metal - A metal having an extremely high melting point. In the broad sense, it refers to metals having melting points above the range of iron, cobalt, and nickel.

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Regenerative Quenching - Quenching carburized parts from two different tem-peraturestorefinecaseandcore(Oftencalleddoublequenching).

Rephosphorizing (Steel) - A Ladle-chemical treatment consisting of the addition of phosphorus as a work hardening agent when temper rolling black plate or sheet steel resulting in greater hardness and stiffness and with a corresponding loss in ductility. . NOTE: Black Plate in tempers T5 and T6 (R/B range 68/84) are temper rolled from Rephosphorized steel.

Residual Stress - Macroscopic stresses that are set up within a metal as the re-sult of non-uniform plastic deformation. This deformation may be caused by cold working or by drastic gradients of temperature from quenching or welding.Stress remaining in a metal part or structure as a result of welding.

Resquaring - A method of shearing to meet closer-than-standard width, length, and out-of-square tolerances.

Resulfurized Steel - Steel to which sulfur has been added in controlled amounts afterrefining.Thesulfurisaddedtoimprovemachinability.

Rimmed Steel-Low-carbonsteelcontainingsufficientironoxidetoproducecontinuousevolutionofcarbonmonoxideduringingotsolidification,resultinginacase or rim of metal virtually free of voids.The rim is of somewhat purer com-position than the original metal poured. If the rimming action is stopped shortly after pouring of the ingot is completed, the metal is known as capped steel. Most steels below 0.15% carbon are rimmed steels. For the same carbon and manga-nese content rimmed steel is softer than killed steel.

RMS - A means of measuring surfaces roughness - Root Mean Square. A surface with a theoretical zero value has no surface deviations. As the value increases, the roughness increases.

Rockwell Hardness (Test) - A standard method for measuring the hardness of metals. The hardness is expressed as a number related to the depth of residual penetration of a steel ball or diamond cone (brale) after a minor load of 10 kilo-grams has been applied to hold the penetrator in position. This residual penetra-tion is automatically registered on a dial when the major load is removed from thepenetrator.Variousdialreadingscombinedwithdifferentmajorloads,fivescales designated by letters varying from A to H; the B and C scales are most commonly in use.

Roll Forming - (1) An operation used in forming sheet. Strips of sheet are passedbetweenrollsofdefinitesettingsthatbendthesheetprogressivelyintostructural members of various contours, sometimes called “molded sections.” (2) The process of coiling sheet into open cylinders.

Rolled Edge - The edge on a universal plate when rolled by both vertical and horizontal rolls. Edge shearing is not necessary.

Roller Leveler - A rolling device used for eliminating buckles and waves in steel sheetsandstripandforproducingsheetsofcommercialflatness.Therollerlevelerhassetsofrollsthatarestaggeredtoflexthesheetasitpassesbetweenthem. Besides its use in leveling, it has extensive application for minimizing or temporarily eliminating the tendency to develop stretcher strains.

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Glossary of TermsRoll Threading - Threading a a bold or screw by rolling it between two grooved die plates, one of which is in motion, or between grooved circular rolls.

Rough Machining-Machiningwithoutregardtofinish,usuallytobefollowedbya subsequent operation.

Rounds - Bars having a circular or round cross section.

SAE - Abbreviation for Society of Automotive Engineers. This organization has specifiedcommonandalloysteelsandcopperbasealloysinaccordancewithanumerical index system allowing approximation of the composition of the metal. The last two digits always indicate the carbon content, usually within 0.05%.

Scab - A blemish caused on a casting by eruption of gas from the mold face or by uneven mold surface or occurring where the skin from a blowhole has partly burned away and is not welded.

Scale - The oxide of iron that forms on the surface of steel after heating.

Scaling - Forming a thick layer of oxidation products on metals at high tempera-tures.

Scalped Extrusion Ingot - A cast, solid or hollow extrusion ingot which has been machined on the outside surface.

Scarfing - Cutting surface areas of metal objects, ordinarily by using a gas torch. The operation permits surface defects to be cut from ingots, billets, or the edges of plate that is to be beveled for butt welding.

Scleroscope Hardness Test - A method for measuring the hardness of metals; adiamond-pointedhammerdropsfromafixeddistancethroughatubeontothesmoothed metal surface and the rebound measured. The scleroscope hardness valueisempiricallytakenfromtherebounddistance,withspecifiedhigh-carbonsteel as 100.

Screw Stock - Metal in the form or a wire or rod, ordinarily a free-machining type, used for making screw machine products.

Seam - On the surface of metal a crack that has been closed but not welded; usually produced by some defect either in casting or in working, such as blow-holes that have become oxidized or folds and laps that have been formed during working. Similar to cold shut and laminations.

Secondary Hardening - Tempering certain alloy steels at certain temperatures so that the resulting hardness is greater than that obtained by tempering the same steel at some lower temperature for the same time.

Segregation - Non-uniform distribution of alloying elements, impurities or phas-es.Inanalloy,concentrationofalloyingelementsatspecificregions,usuallyasaresult of the primary crystallization of one phase with the subsequent concentra-tion of other elements in the remaining liquid.

Semi-finished Steel - Steel shapes—for example, blooms, billets or slabs—that laterarerolledintofinishedproductssuchasbeams,barsorsheet.

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Semikilled Steel-Steelthatisincompletelydeoxidizedandcontainssufficientdissolved oxygen to react with the carbon to form carbon monoxide and thus offsetsolidificationshrinkage.

Sendzimir Mill - A mill having two work rolls of 1 to 2-1/2 in. diam. each, backed up by two rolls twice that diameter and each of these backed up by bearings on a shaft mounted eccentrically so that rotating it increases the pressure between bearings and backup rolls.

Shear Strength - The stress required to produce fracture in the plane of a cross section, the conditions of loading being such that the directions of force and of resistanceareparallelandoppositealthoughtheirpathsareoffsetaspecifiedminimum amount.

Sheared Edge - These plates have an edge produced by shearing (or gas cut-ting when plates are too thick to shear). “Sheared plates” or “sheared mill plates” are trimmed on all four edges.

Sheet Steel -Thin,flat-rolledsteel.Coiledsheetsteelaccountsfornearlyone-half of all steel shipped domestically and is created in a hot-strip mill by roll-ingacastslabflatwhilemaintainingthesidedimensions.Themalleablesteellengthens to several hundred feet as it is squeezed by the rolling mill. The most common differences among steel bars, strip, plate, and sheet are merely their physical dimensions of width and gauge (thickness).

Shell Molding - Forming a mold from thermosetting resin-bonded sand mixtures brought in contact with preheated (300 to 500 degrees F) metal patterns, result-inginafirmshellwithacavitycorrespondingtotheoutlineofthepattern.Alsocalled “Croning process.”

Sherardizing - A cementation process used to give small steel articles, such as bolts, a corrosion resistant surface of zinc-rich alloy. The articles are packed with zinc dust in drums which are heated for several hours while slowly rotating.

Shielded-Arc Welding - Arc welding in which the arc and the weld metal are protected by a gaseous atmosphere, the products of decomposition of the elec-trodecovering,orablanketoffusibleflux.

Shortness - A form of brittleness in metal. It is designated as cold, hot, and red, to indicate the temperature range in which the brittleness occurs.

Siliconizing - Diffusing silicon into solid metal, usually steel, at an elevated temperature.

Silky Fracture-Asteelfracturethathasaverysmoothfinegrainorsilkyap-pearance.

Skelp - Steel that is the entry material to a pipe mill. It resembles hot-rolled strip, but its properties allow for the severe forming and welding operations required for pipe production.

Sketch Plates - Plates cut to shapes other than rectangular.

Skull -Alayerofsolidifiedmetalordrossonthewallsofapouringvesselafterthe metal has been poured.

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Glossary of TermsSlab-Themostcommontypeofsemi-finishedsteel.Traditionalslabsmeasure10 inches thick and 30-85 inches wide (and average about 20 feet long), while the output of the recently developed “thin slab” casters is approximately two inches thick. Subsequent to casting, slabs are sent to the hot-strip mill to be rolled into coiled sheet and plate products.

Slabbing Mill - A mill for rolling slabs from ingots.

Slack Quenching - The process of hardening steel by quenching from the austenitizing temperature at a rate slower than the critical cooling rate for the particular steel, resulting in incomplete hardening and the formation of one or more transformation products in addition to or instead of martensite.

Slag - The impurities in a molten pool of iron. Flux such as limestone may be added to foster the congregation of undesired elements into a slag. Because slag islighterthaniron,itwillfloatontopofthepool,whereitcanbeskimmed.

Slip Bands - A series of parallel lines running across a crystalline grain. Slip bands are formed when the elastic limit is passed by one layer or portion of the crystal slipping over another portion along a plane, known as the slip plane.

Slitting - Cutting a sheet of steel into narrower strips to match customer needs. Becausesteelmillshavelimitedflexibilityastothewidthsofthesheetthattheyproduce, service centers normally will cut the sheet for the customer.

Soaking - Prolonged heating of a metal at selected temperature.

Soldering - Joining metals by fusion of alloys that have relatively low melting points -- most commonly, lead-base or tin-base alloys, which are the soft solders. Hard solders are alloys that have silver, copper, or nickel bases and use of these alloys with melting points higher than 800 (degrees) F. is generally termed braz-ing.

Solidification Range - The temperature range through which metal freezes or solidifies.

Solid Solution - A solid crystalline phase containing two or more chemical spe-cies in concentrations that may vary between limits imposed by phase equilib-rium.

Solution Heat Treatment - A heat treatment in which an alloy is heated to a suitable temperature, held at that temperature long enough to cause one or more constituents to enter into solid solution, and then cooled rapidly enough to hold these constituents in solution.

Sonims - Sold non-metallic inclusions in metal.

Sorbite - Structure of steel, resulting from the tempering of martensite. In a truly sorbitic structure, the cementite is completely dispersed in the matrix. The trend istocallthisstructuretemperedmartensite.Itisafinemixtureofferriteandcementite produced either by regulating the rate of cooling of steel or tempering steelafterhardening.Thefirsttypeisveryfinepearlitedifficulttoresolveunderthe microscope; the second type is tempered martensite.

Spalling -Thecrackingandflakingofparticlesoutofasurface.

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Spangle - The spangle of a hot-dip coated sheet surface is the visual manifes-tationofthegrainsthatformwithinthecoatingwhenitsolidifiesasthesheetemerges from the pot of molten coating metal. The spangle or grain varies in size, brightness and surface relief, depending upon a number of factors, most of which are related to the composition of the coating and cooling practices. Special Killed Steels - Low-carbon aluminum-killed steels mainly used for extra deep drawing sheet and strip.

Special Quality - Produced for applications involving forging, heat treating, cold drawing, machining, etc. Special quality bars are furnished in standard, other thanstandard,orrestrictedchemicalgrades,ortomechanicalpropertyspecifica-tions. This quality is subject to variations in check analysis.

Special Straightness - Material furnished to closer-than-standard straightness tolerances as set forth in the AISI manual.

Specified Grain Size-Grainsizecanonlybespecifiedcoarse(1to5)orfine(5to 8) except in alloy steels which allow a more restrictive requirement. (Also see McQuid-Ehn Test).

Spherodizing - Heating and cooling to produce a spherical or globular form of carbide in steel.

Spiegel - High-manganese pig iron, containing 15-30% manganese, approxi-mately 5% carbon, and less than 1% silicon used in the manufacture of steel by the Bessemer, or basic open-hearth process.

Spot Welding-Weldingoflappedpartsinwhichfusionisconfinedtoarelativelysmall circular area. It is generally resistance welding, but may also be gas-shielded tungsten-arc, gas-shielded metal-arc, or submerged-arc welding. It is an electric-resistance welding process in which the fusion is limited to a small area. The pieces being welded are pressed together between a pair of water-cooled electrodes through which an electrical current is passed during a very short inter-val so that fusion occurs over a small area at the interface between the pieces.

Stabilizing Treatment - Any treatment intended to stabilize the structure of an alloy or the dimensions of a part. (1) Heating austenitic stainless steels that con-tain titanium, columbium, or tantalum to a suitable temperature below that of a full anneal in order to inactivate the maximum amount of carbon by precipitation as a carbide of titanium, columbium, or tantalum. (2) Transforming retained aus-tenite in parts made from tool steel. (3) Precipitating a constituent from a nonfer-rous solid solution to improve the workability, to decrease the tendency of certain alloys to age harden at room temperature, or to obtain dimensional stability.

Standard Gold - A legally adopted alloy for coinage of gold. In the United States the alloy contains 10% Cu.

Static Load - A load which is sustained without motion - such as weight hanging on a string.

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Glossary of TermsSteel - An iron-base alloy, malleable in some temperature range as initially cast, containing manganese, usually carbon, and often other alloying elements. In carbon steel and low-alloy steel, the maximum carbon is about 2.0%; in high-alloy steel, about 2.5%. The dividing line between low-alloy and high-alloy steels is generally regarded as being at about 5% metallic alloying elements. Steel is to be differentiated from two general classes of “irons”: the cast irons, on the high-carbon side, and the relatively pure irons such as ingot iron, carbonyl iron, and electrolytic iron, on the low-carbon side. In some steels containing extremely low carbon, the manganese content is the principal differentiating factor, steel usually containing at least 0.25%; ingot iron contains considerably less.

Step Down Test - A sample of steel is machined down to different diameters and inspected at different distances from the surface.

Sterling Silver - A silver alloy containing at least 95.2% Ag, the remainder being unspecifiedbutusuallycopper.

Strain - A measure of the change in the size or shape of a body, referred to its original size or shape. “Linear strain” is the change per unit length of a linear dimension. “True strain” (or “natural strain”) is the natural logarithm of the ratio of the length at the moment of observation to the original gauge length. “Conven-tional strain” is the linear strain referred to the original gauge length. “Shearing strain” (or “shear strain”) is the change in angle (expressed in radians) between two lines originally at right angles. When the term strain is used alone it usually refers to the linear strain in the direction of the applied stress.

Strain Hardening - An increase in hardness and strength caused by plastic deformation at temperatures below the recrystallization range.

Strength Properties - They are related to the steel’s ability to resist applied forces. Strength properties are measured by the tension test. (Tensile strength, yield point, or yield strength).

Stress - Deforming force to which a body is subjected or the resistance which the body offers to deformation by the force.

Stress-Corrosion Cracking - Failure by cracking under the combined action of corrosion and stress, either external (applied) or internal (residual). Cracking may be either intergranular or transgranular, depending on the metal and the corrosive medium.

Stress Relieving - Heating to a suitable temperature, holding long enough to re-duce residual stresses and then cooling slowly enough to minimize the develop-ment of new residual stresses.

Stress-Rupture Test - A tension test performed at constant temperature, the load being held at such a level as to cause rupture. Also known as “creep-rupture test.”

Stretcher Flattening - A process for removing bow and warpage from sheet by applying a uniform tension between the ends so that the piece is elongate to a definiteamountofpermanentset.

Stretcher Leveled Standard-Astandardofflatnessassociatedwithsheet;morestringentthancommercialstandardofflatness;notnecessarilyobtainedbyperforming stretcher leveling operations.

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Stretcher Strains - Elongated markings that appear on the surface of some ma-terials when deformed just past the yield point. These markings lie approximately parallel to the direction of maximum shear stress and are the result of localized yielding. Same as Luders lines.

Structural Quality - Material suitable for load-bearing applications and typically represents the quality of steel produced under regular or normal manufacturing conditions.

Superalloy - An alloy developed for very high temperature service where rela-tively high stresses (tensile, thermal, vibratory, and shock) are encountered and where oxidation resistance is frequently required.

Superficial Rockwell Hardness Test - Form of Rockwell hardness test using relatively light loads which produce minimum penetration. Used for determin-ing surface hardness or hardness of thin sections or small parts, or where large hardness impression might be harmful.

Swaging -Shapingmetalbycausingittoflowinaswagebypressing,rollingorhammering (also called swedging).

Sweep - The greatest deviation of a structural shape from a straight line in the directionoflengthparallelwithitsweb.Inreferencetowideflange(W)shapes,standard (S) beams, miscellaneous (M) shapes, and channels (C, MC), sweep denotes the curvature from the plane of the web in the length of these shapes.

Tack Welds - Small scattered welds made to hold parts of a weldment in proper alignmentwhilethefinalweldsarebeingmade.

Tapping - Transferring molten metal from melting furnace to ladle.

Teeming - Pouring molten metal from a ladle into ingot molds. The term ap-pliesparticularlytothespecificoperationofpouringeitherironorsteelintoingotmolds.

Temper - (1) In heat treatment, reheating hardened steel or hardened cast iron to some temperature below the eutectoid temperature for the purpose of decreasing the hardness and increasing the toughness. The process also is sometimes applied to normalized steel. (2) In tool steels, “temper” is sometimes used, but unadvisedly, to denote the carbon content. (3) In nonferrous alloys and in some ferrous alloys (steels that cannot be hardened by heat treatment), the hardness and strength produced by mechanical or thermal treatment, or both, and characterized by a certain structure, mechanical properties, or reduction in area during cold working. It is the state of or condition of a metal as to its hard-ness or toughness produced by either thermal treatment or heat treatment and quench or cold working or a combination of same in order to bring the metal to its specifiedconsistency.Eachbranchofthemetalproducingindustryhasdevel-opeditsownsystemoftemperdesignates.Inflatrolledproductsincludingsheetand strip steel, tin mill products, stainless strip, aluminum sheet and copper base alloy strip.

Glossary of Terms

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Glossary of TermsTemper Brittleness - Brittleness that results when certain steels are held within, or are cooled slowly through, a certain range of temperature below the transfor-mation range. The brittleness is revealed by notched-bar impact tests at or below room temperature.

Temper Carbon - A form of graphite in iron-base alloys produced by heating below the melting point.

Tempering - A process of reheating quench-hardened or normalized steel to a temperature below the transformation range and then cooling at any rate desired. The primary purpose of tempering is to impart a degree of plasticity or toughness to the steel to alleviate the brittleness of its martensite.

Tension Leveling-Aprocessforimprovingflatnessincoilsbypullingintension.

Tensile Strength - The maximum load per unit of original cross-sectional area obtained before rupture of a tensile specimen.

Thermal Stresses - Stresses in metal most often resulting from non-uniform or localized heating and cooling.

Through-Hardened - Description of a steel part that has been quenched to substantially the same hardness over its entire cross section.

Tin Plate - Thin sheet steel with a very thin coating of metallic tin. Tin plate is used primarily in can making.

TMW Pricing (Theoretical Minimum Weight) - A method of billing sheet and strip products at the theoretical weight calculated on the basis of the minimum specificthickness,width,andlength.

Tolerance-Specifiedlimitsofdeviationfromadimension.

Tong Hold - The portion of a forging billet, usually on one end, that is gripped by the operator’s tongs. It is removed from the part at the end of the forging opera-tion. Common to drop-hammer and press-type forging.

Torsion - A twisting action resulting in shear stresses and strains.

Toughness - An indication of a steel’s capacity to absorb energy, particularly in the presence of a notch or a crack.

Transformation Ranges (Transformation Temperature Ranges) - Those rang-es of temperature within which austenite forms during heating and transforms during cooling. The two ranges are distinct, sometimes overlapping but never coinciding. The limiting temperatures of the ranges depend on the composition of the alloy and on the rate of change of temperature, particularly during cooling.

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Transformation Temperature - The temperature at which a change in phase oc-curs. The term is sometimes used to denote the limiting temperature of a trans-formation range. The following symbols are used for iron and steels: . Ac(cm) In hypereutectoid steel, the temperature at which the solution of cementite in austenite is completed during heating. . Ac1 The temperature at which austenite begins to form during heating. . Ac3 The temperature at which transformation of ferrite to austenite is completed during heating. . Ac4 The temperature at which austenite transforms to delta ferrite during heating. . Ae(cm) Ae1 Ae3 Ae4 The temperatures of phase changes at equilibrium. . Ar(cm) In hypereutectoid steel, the temperature at which precipitation of cementite starts during cooling. . Ar1 The temperature at which transformation of austenite to ferrite or to ferrite plus cementite is completed during cooling. . Ar3 The temperature at which austenite begins to transform to ferrite during cooling. . Ar4 The temperature at which delta ferrite transforms to austenite during cooling. . M(5) (or Ar) The temperature at which transformation of austenite to martensite starts during cooling. . M(f) The temperatureatwhichmartensiteformationfinishesduringcooling..NOTE:Allthese changes except the formation of martensite occur at lower temperatures during cooling than during heating, and depend on the rate of change of tem-perature.

Transition Temperature-(1)Anarbitrarilydefinedtemperaturewithinthetemperature range in which metal fracture characteristics determined usually bynotchedtestsarechangingrapidlysuchasfromprimarilyfibrous(shear)toprimarilycrystalline(cleavage)fracture.Commonlyuseddefinitionsare“transi-tion temperature for 50% cleavage fracture”, “10-ft-lb transition temperature,” and “transition temperature for half maximum energy.” (2) Sometimes also used todenotethearbitrarilydefinedtemperatureinarangeinwhichtheductilitychanges rapidly with temperature.

Transverse - Literally, “across”, usually signifying a direction or plane perpen-dicular to the direction of working.

Trepanning - A type of boring where an annual cut is made into a solid material with the coincidental formation of a plug or solid cylinder.

Troosite-Apreviouslyunresolvablerapidlyetchingfineaggregateofcarbideand ferrite produced either by tempering martensite at low temperature or by quenching a steel at a rate slower than the critical cooling rate. Preferred termi-nologyforthefirstproductistemperedmartensite;forthelatter,finepearlite.

Turning & Polishing-Theprocessofcoldfinishinghotrolledbarsbymachiningto the desired size on a lathe or turning machine, then polishing by rotating them through hardened steel rolls. Turning completely removes the bar surface and with it, decarburization, seams, slivers and other surface imperfections. Polish-ingproducesafiner,brighter,smootherfinishthanisobtainedbycolddraw-ing. In some cases turned bars may subsequently be subjected to grinding and polishing operations.

Ultimate Strength - The maximum conventional stress, tensile, compressive, or shear, that a material can withstand.

Ultrasonic Frequency - A frequency, associated with elastic waves, that is greater than the highest audible frequency, generally regarded as being higher than 15 kc per sec.

Glossary of Terms

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Glossary of TermsUltrasonic Waves - Waves of ultrasonic frequency. They include longitudinal, transverse, surface and standing waves.

Universal Mill - A rolling mill in which rolls with a vertical axis roll the edges of the metal stock between some of the passes through the horizontal rolls.

U.M. Plate - Universal Mill Plate or plate rolled to width by vertical rolls as well as to thickness by horizontal rolls. Edge shearing is not necessary.

Upsetting - (1) A metal working operation similar to forging. (2) The process of axialflowunderaxialcompressionofmetal,asinformingheadsonrivetsbyflat-tening the end of wire.

Vacuum Degassing - A steel making process which permits cyclic degassing - plus the addition of alloying materials to molten steel in the absence of air prior to teeming. Undesirable oxide content is reduced.

Vacuum Induction Melting - Steel is melted in an induction electric furnace in vacuum chambers which also contain the ingot molds into which the melted steel is cast. Charging, melting and casting are all performed under vacuum, reducing undesirable oxide content.

Vickers Hardness (Test) - Standard method for measuring the hardness of met-als, particularly those with extremely hard surfaces: the surface is subjected to a standard pressure for a standard length of time by means of a pyramid-shaped diamond. The diagonal of the resulting indention is measured under a micro-scope and the Vickers Hardness value read from a conversion table.

Water Quench - (In steel heat treatment). Cooling steel from its quenching tem-perature with water.

Wear Resistance - The ability to withstand impairment or loss of material due to rubbing or other frictional action.

Welding - A process used to join metals by the application of heat. Fusion weld-ing, which includes gas, arc, and resistance welding, requires that the parent metals be melted. This distinguishes fusion welding from brazing. In pressure welding joining is accomplished by the use of heat and pressure without melting. The parts that are being welded are pressed together and heated simultane-ously, so that re-crystallization occurs across the interface.

Wetting - A phenomenon involving a solid and a liquid in such intimate contact that the adhesive force between the two phases is greater than the cohesive force within the liquid. Thus a solid that is wetted, on being removed from the liquid bath, will have a thing continuous layer of liquid adhering to it. Foreign substances such as grease may prevent wetting. Addition agents, such as deter-gents, may induce wetting by lowering the surface tension of the liquid.

Widmanstatten Structure - A structure characterized by a geometrical pattern resulting from the formation of a new phase along certain crystallographic planes of the parent solid solution. The orientation of the lattice in the new phase is re-lated crystallographically to the orientation of the lattice in the parent phase. The structure was originally observed in meteorites but is readily produced in many other alloys with certain heat treatment.

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Workability - The characteristic or group of characteristic that determines the ease of forming a metal into desired shapes.

Work Hardness - Hardness resulting from mechanical working.

Wrought Iron - Iron containing only a very small amount of other elements, but containing 1-3% by weight of slag in the form of particles elongated in one direc-tion, giving the iron a characteristic grain. Is more rust-resistant than steel and welds more easily.

Yield Point - The load per unit of original cross section at which, in soft steel, a marked increase in deformation occurs without increase in load.

Yield Strength (YS)-Thestressatwhichamaterialexhibitsaspecifiedlimitingdeviation from the proportionality of stress to strain. The deviation is expressed in terms of strain. Also known as proof stress.

Young’s Modulus-Thecoefficientofelasticityofstretching.Forastretchedwire, Young’s Modulus is the ratio of the stretching force per unit cross-sectional area to the elongation per unit length. The values of Young’s Modulus for metals are of the order 10(12) dynes per square cm.

Zyglo Inspection - Metals are treated with a special dye containing water wash-able oil which has the power to penetrate extremely small surface cracks. The part is then illuminated with short wave-length light called “black light,” causing thedyetoglowwithfluorescence-thusindicatingthesizeandlocationofcracksor other defects.

Glossary of Terms

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