stolen asset recovery efforts in the philippines by atty. julia c. bacay-abad (march 16, 2012)

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presented by JULIA C. BACAY-ABAD Deputy Director Head, Legal Services Group Anti-Money Laundering Council Secretariat STOLEN ASSET RECOVERY EFFORTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

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Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines presented by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad, Deputy Director Head, Legal Services Group, Anti-Money Laundering Council (AMLC) Secretariat, during the GOPAC-SEAPAC Philippine Chapter Workshop on Anti-Money Laundering and the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) held on March 16, 2012 at Traders Hotel, Manila.

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Page 1: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

presented by JULIA C. BACAY-ABAD

Deputy Director Head, Legal Services Group

Anti-Money Laundering Council Secretariat

STOLEN ASSET RECOVERY EFFORTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Page 2: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC)

9  December  2003  –  Philippines  signed  8  November  2006  –  Philippines  ra<fied    

Entry  into  Force:    14  December  2005    

Page 3: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

UNCAC Legal  Architecture:  •  Preven<on          -­‐  establishment  of  an<-­‐corrup<on  bodies      -­‐  establishment  of  Financial  Intelligence  Units  (FIUs)  

•  Criminaliza<on  •  Interna<onal  Coopera<on  •  Asset  Recovery  

Page 4: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Asset Recovery under the UNCAC

 

-­‐  The  return  of  assets  pursuant  to  Chapter  51  is  a  fundamental  principle  of  UNCAC;  

 

-­‐  States  par<es  shall  afford  one  another  the  widest  measure  of  coopera<on  and  assistance  in  that  regard.  

Page 5: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

 UNCAC  

Art.  31.    Freezing,  seizure  and  confisca<on      “1.  Each  state  party  shall  take,  to  the  greatest  

extent  possible  within  its  domes<c  legal  system,  such  measures  as  may  be  necessary  to  enable  confisca<on  of:  

(a) Proceeds  of  crime  derived  from  offenses  established  in  accordance  with  UNCAC;  

(b) Property,  equipment  or  other  instrumentali<es  used  in  or  des<ned  for  use  in  offences  established  in  accordance  with  UNCAC  

 

Page 6: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Art. 31, UNCAC…

“2.  Each  State  Party  shall  take  such  measures  as  may  be  necessary  to  enable  the  iden<fica<on,  tracing,  freezing  or  seizure  of  any  item  referred  to  in  par.  1  (Ar<cle  31)  for  the  purpose  of  eventual  confisca<on.”    

Page 7: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Asset Recovery Statutes in the Philippines

Republic  Act  No.  1379  –  Forfeiture  of  Unexplained  Wealth  of  gov’t  officials  and  employees  

 

Republic  Act  No.  9160  –  An<-­‐Money  Laundering  Act  of  2001,  as  amended  

Page 8: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

R.A. 1379 “An  Act  Declaring  Forfeiture  in  Favor  of  the  State  

of  Any  Property  Found  to  Have  Been  Unlawfully  Acquired  by  Any  Public  Officer  or  Employee  and  Providing  for  the  Proceedings  Therefor”  

•  Enacted  on  18  June  1955    

•  Introduced  the  first  civil  forfeiture  statute    

•  Office  of  the  Ombudsman  prosecutes    

 

Page 9: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

R.A.  9160  

-­‐      The  “An<-­‐Money    Laundering  Act    (AMLA)  of  2001”      

-­‐  took  effect  on  17  October  2001        

   

Page 10: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

R.A. 9160, as amended

5  March  2003  -­‐  R.A.  9160  was  amended  by  R.A.  9194  

 7  September  2003  -­‐  Revised  Implemen<ng  Rules  and  Regula<ons  (RIRRs)  took  effect.  

Page 11: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Salient Features of R.A. 9160, as amended

•  Criminalized  money  laundering  in  the  Philippines  

•  Created  the  Philippines’  FIU  (AMLC)  •  Introduced  civil  forfeiture  without  the  necessity  of  convic<on  or  prosecu<on  in  a  criminal  case  

Page 12: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Relevant Terms

Money  Laundering  –    is  a  crime  whereby  the  proceeds  of  an  unlawful  ac<vity  as  defined  in  the  AMLA  are  transacted  thereby  making  them  appear  to  have  originated  from  legi<mate  sources  (Sec.  4,  AMLA,  as  amended)  

 

Page 13: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Unlawful Activity under the AMLA--

-­‐-­‐  is  any  act  or  omission  or  a  series  or  combina/on  thereof  involving  or  having  direct  rela/on  to  any  of  the  following  offenses:      1.  Kidnapping  for  ransom      2.  Drug  trafficking  and          

 other  viola<ons  of  the        Comprehensive        

 Dangerous  Drugs  Act  of      2002  

 

Page 14: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Unlawful activity… 3.    Graf  and  Corrup<on  under  R.A.                    No.  3019,  as  amended  4.    Plunder  (R.A.  7080,  as                    amended)  5.  Robbery  and  Extor<on  6.    Jueteng  and  Masiao  (P.D.  1602)  7.    Piracy  (RPC  &  PD  532)  8.    Qualified  Thef  under  Art.  310,    RPC    

Page 15: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Unlawful activity… 9.        Swindling  under  Art.  315,  RPC    

10.  Smuggling  under  RA  455  &  1937    

11.  Viola<ons  of  the  Electronic      Commerce  Act  of  2000  

 

12.  Hijacking,  destruc<ve  arson  and      murder,  including  those      perpetrated  by  terrorists      against  non-­‐combatant  persons      and  similar  targets  

Page 16: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Unlawful activity…

13.  Fraudulent  prac<ces  and  other      viola<ons  of  the  Securi<es      Regula<on  Code  of  2000      (RA  8799)  

 

14.  Felonies  or  offenses  of  a  similar      nature  that  are  punishable    under  the  penal  laws  of  other    countries  

 

Page 17: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Civil Forfeiture under the AMLA, as amended

 Sec.  7.    Crea<on  of  An<-­‐Money  Laundering  Council.  –  x  x  x.  The  AMLC  shall  act  unanimously  in  the  discharge  of  its  func<ons  as  defined  hereunder:  

x  x  x          x  x  x            x  x  x  (3)  to  ins<tute  civil  forfeiture  proceedings  and  all  other  remedial  

proceedings  through  the  Office  of  the  Solicitor  General;  x  x  x          x  x  x          x  x  x  

(6)  to  apply  before  the  Court  of  Appeals,  ex  parte,  for  the  freezing  of   any   monetary   instrument   or   property   alleged   to   be  proceeds  of  any  unlawful  ac<vity  as  defined  in  Sec<on  3(i)  of  the  AMLA  

 

Page 18: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

 Sec<on  12  of  the  AMLA,  as  amended  

 Sec.  12.    Forfeiture  Provisions.  –             (a)   Civil   Forfeiture.   –   When   there   is   a  covered   transac<on   report   made,   and   the  court  has,  in  a  pe<<on  filed  for  the  purpose  ordered  seizure  of  any  monetary  instrument  or  property,   in  whole  or   in  part,  directly  or  indirectly,   related   to   said   report,   the  Revised   Rules   of   Court   on   civil   forfeiture  shall  apply.  

 

Page 19: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Supreme Court action

January  2005  -­‐    upon  the  request  of  the  An<-­‐Money  Laundering  Council,  the  Supreme  Court  tasked  the  Commikee  on  the  Revision  of  the  Rules  of  Court  chaired  by  Jus<ce  Reynato  S.  Puno  to  draf  the  Rule  of  Procedure  in  Cases  of  Civil  Forfeiture.  

Page 20: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

•  15  November  2005  -­‐    the  Supreme  Court  adopted  the  Rule  prescribing  the  procedure  in  cases  of  civil  forfeiture.  

 •  A.M.  No.  05-­‐11-­‐04-­‐SC,  otherwise  known  as  “Rule  

of  Procedure  in  Cases  of  Civil  Forfeiture,  Asset  Preserva/on,  and  Freezing  of  Monetary  Instrument,  Property,  or  Proceeds  Represen/ng,  Involving,  or  Rela/ng  to  an  Unlawful  Ac/vity  or  Money  Laundering  Offense  under  R.A.  No.  9160,  as  Amended”    

   •  15  December  2005  -­‐    effec/vity  of  the  Rule,  

following  its  publica/on  in  a  newspaper  of  general  circula/on.  

Page 21: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Rule on Civil Forfeiture

2  Parts    

1.  Pe<<on  for  Civil  Forfeiture  2.  Pe<<on  for  Freeze  Order  

Page 22: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Definition

 Civil  forfeiture  may  be  defined  as  the  seizure  and  confisca<on  of  any  monetary  instrument  or  property,  in  whole  or  in  part,  directly  or  indirectly,  involved  in  or  related  to  an  unlawful  ac<vity  under  Sec<on  3(i)  or  a  money  laundering  offense  under  Sec<on  4,  Republic  Act  No.  9160,  as  amended.  

 

Page 23: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Assets that may be forfeited

Any  monetary  instrument,  property,  or  proceeds  represen<ng,  involving,  or  rela<ng  to  an  unlawful  ac<vity  or  a  money  laundering  offense  under  R.A.  9160,  as  amended.  (Sec.  1)  

 

Page 24: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Petition for Civil Forfeiture

Sec.  2.    Party  to  ins<tute  proceedings.      •  Ac<on  in  the  name  of  the  Republic  of  the  Philippines  (RP)  

•  Represented  by  the  An<-­‐Money  Laundering  Council  (AMLC)  

•  Through  the  Office  of  the  Solicitor  General  (OSG)  

 

Page 25: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Venue of Civil Forfeiture Sec.  3.    A  pe11on  for  civil  forfeiture  shall  be  filed:  

i)  in  any  RTC  of  the  judicial  region  where  the  monetary  instrument,  property,  or  proceeds  are  located;  

 

ii)  if  all  or  any  por/on  of  the  monetary  instrument,  property,  or  proceeds  is  located  outside  the  Philippines,  the  pe//on  may  be  filed  in  the  RTC  in  Manila  or  of  the  judicial  region  where  any  por/on  of  the  monetary  instrument,  property,  etc.  is  located,  at  the  op<on  of  the  pe<<oner.  

 

Page 26: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Provisional Remedies

Sec.  11.    Ex-­‐parte  issuance  of  Provisional    Asset  Preserva<on  Order  (PAPO)  

 

-­‐ PAPO   is   issued  upon  determina<on  of  probable  cause   that   the  monetary   instrument  or  property  is  related  to  an  unlawful  ac<vity;  -­‐   based  on  the  allega<ons  of  the  verified  pe<<on;  -­‐   effec<ve  immediately  for  20  days  (from  date  of  service  to  respondents)  

Page 27: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Provisional Asset Preservation Order (PAPO)

-­‐   Court   order   forbidding   any   transac<on,  withdrawal,   deposit,   transfer,   removal,  conversion,   concealment   or   other  disposi<on   of   the   subject   monetary  instrument,  property  or  proceeds  

Page 28: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

 -­‐  within  the  20-­‐day  period  of  PAPO,  summary  hearing  shall  be  conducted;  

-­‐    Respondent  may  show  good  cause  why  PAPO  should  be  lifed;  

-­‐    Court  may  modify  or  lif  PAPO;  otherwise,  shall  issue  APO.  

Asset Preservation Order (APO)

Page 29: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Order of Trial

Pre-­‐Trial  (Mandatory)    

Trial    

Judgment  (Order  of  Forfeiture)    

(Appeal)  

Page 30: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Important!  

 No  prior  criminal  charge,  pendency  of,  or  convic<on  for  an  unlawful  ac<vity  or  money  laundering  offense  is  necessary  for  the  commencement  or  the  resolu<on  of  a  pe<<on  for  civil  forfeiture.  

(Sec.  27)  

Page 31: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Judgment

Sec.  32.    The  court  shall  render  judgment  within  thirty  (30)  days  from  submission  of  the  case  for  resolu<on.  

 -­‐    Preponderance  of  evidence  

Page 32: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Claims against forfeited assets

•  Within  15  days  from  date  of  finality  of  order  of  forfeiture  

 

•  Any  party  who  has  not  been  impleaded  nor  intervened,  claiming  an  interest  in  the  property  

•  Shall  file  verified  pe<<on  for  declara/on  that  the  property  legi/mately  belongs  to  him  

•  Otherwise,  order  of  forfeiture  becomes  executory  

Page 33: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Petition for Freeze Order

Sec.  44.  -­‐  Verified  pe<<on;  in  the  name  of  RP,  rep.  by  AMLC;  thru  OSG  

 

-­‐  Filed  before  the  Court  of  Appeals    

-­‐  Ex  parte    

Page 34: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Action by the Court of Appeals

-­‐  Within  24  hours  afer  filing;    

-­‐  Issue  freeze  order  upon  determina<on  of  probable  cause,  based  on  allega<ons  of  the  pe<<on,  that  the  property  or  proceeds  are  in  any  way  related  to  an  unlawful  ac<vity.  

Page 35: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Freeze order

•  Effec<ve  immediately  for  20  days    

•  On  mo<on  by  the  AMLC,  may  be  extended  for  a  period  not  exceeding  six  (6)  months  

Page 36: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

SC Ruling

M/Gen.  Carlos  Garcia  vs.  CA,  G.R.  No.  165800;  27  Nov.  2007    

   “Nothing  in  RA  9160  requires  that  a  case  for  viola/on  of  an/-­‐money  laundering  laws  must  be  filed  before  the  issuance  of  a  freeze  order.  X  x  x.  There  are  only  two  requisites  under  the  law  for  the  issuance  of  the  freeze  order:  (1)  the  applica/on  ex  parte  by  the  AMLC;  and  (2)  the  determina/on  of  probable  cause  by  the  CA.”  

Page 37: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

SC Ruling

Republic  vs.  Glasgow  Credit  &  Collec<on  Services,  Inc.,  et  al.  

G.R.  No.  170281;  18  Jan.  2008    

   “Forfeiture  proceedings  are  ac/ons  in  rem.  x  x  x.  As  an  ac/on  in  rem,  it  is  a  proceeding  against  the  thing  itself  instead  of  against  the  person.    In  ac/ons  in  rem  or  quasi  in  rem,  jurisdic/on  over  the  person  of  the  defendant  is  not  a  prerequisite  to  conferring  jurisdic/on  on  the  court,  provided  that  the  court  acquires  jurisdic/on  over  the  res.  x  x  x.”    

Page 38: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

   

AMLC  Sta<s<cs  As  of  February  2012  

 

Page 39: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Civil Forfeiture Cases

No.  of  Cases   Amount  Involved  

Pending  trial  in  court    

41   P  1,241,209,029.93  (approx.)    

Decided  Cases  •     Proceeds  turned  over  to        the  Na<onal  Treasury  •   Claimed  by  Third-­‐Par<es  •   For  Execu<on  

12        

P  249,406,231.45    (P  109,428,008.46)    (P        2,401,568.50)  (P  137,576,654.49)  

Page 40: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Corruption-related Civil Forfeiture Cases

Unlawful  Ac<vity  

Decided  by  RTC   Amount  Involved   Pending  Trial  

Amount  Involved  

 Plunder  

 1  

 P  89.76  M  

 2  

 P  408.26  M  

 Graf  &  Corrup<on  

 2  

 (1  pending  MR;    1  pending  appeal)  

 

 P  8.5  M  

 1  

 P  512,837.46  

Page 41: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

Challenges in Asset Recovery

-­‐  Lack  of  Asset  Management  Regime  in  the  Philippines  

 -­‐  Adversarial  proceedings  in  applica<on  for  bank  inquiry  

Page 42: Stolen Asset Recovery Efforts in the Philippines by Atty. Julia C. Bacay-Abad (March 16, 2012)

   

Thank  you!  E-­‐mail  Julia  Bacay  Abad    jbacay-­‐[email protected]