stone age (2 ma to 4000 bc) various metal ages petroleum age (1859- 2040?) confessions of a former...
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Stone age (2 MA to 4000 bc)
Various metal agesPetroleum age (1859-
2040?)
Confessions of a former petroleum geologist
Blythe HoyleDepartment of Geology
November 18, 2005
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Each dollar increase in oil price = 863 more students
taking geology!U.S. Geology Enrollments, 1980-2000
y = 863.2x + 2836.9
R2 = 0.50860
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
0 10 20 30 40
Oil Price, dollars
Ge
olo
gy
Stu
de
nts
Na
tio
nw
ide
Enrollment data, AGI.
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http://www.naturalgas.org/images/drilling_diagram.gif image from U.S. Energy Information Administration
Primary production by pumpingyields 25-35% of oil in place
Secondary production(water flooding) may yield another20-30%
Tertiary production(steam, CO2 flooding, biopolymerplugging) is expensive, yield?
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U.S. Consumes 26% of Global Petroleum
ProductionJuly 2005, daily:21.95 million barrels
Imports = 61%
U.S., annual:8 billion barrels oil
U.S. per capita:27 barrels per year
U.S. is third largest producer
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Petroleum imports
http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/brochure/gas04/images/pie%20chart.gif2003 data
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OrganizationPetroleumExportingCountries
Algeria QatarIndonesia Saudi ArabiaIran UAEKuwait VenezuelaLibya IraqNigeria
Total OPEC crude oil production: 30 million BOPDSpare capacity: 1 to 1.5 million BOPD (Saudi Arabia)
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Global spare capacity is low
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/pub/gifs/Slide8.gif
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Most petroleum is used for fuel
gasoline45%
diesel fuel, heating oil22%
jet fuel9%
heavy fuel oil4%
liquif ied petroleum gas4%
other products16%
gasoline
diesel fuel, heating oil
jet fuel
heavy fuel oil
liquified petroleum gas
other products
Data replotted from: http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/brochure/gas04/images/good%20barrell.gif
Gas: C1-C4Naphtha (solvents): C5-C7Gasoline:C6-C12Jet fuel = kerosene:C10-C15Diesel/heating oil:C10-C20Vaseline: C16-C20Paraffin, tar, asphalt: >C20
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In 1967 we were all laughing
Mr. McGuire:I want to say one word to you. Just one word. Benjamin: Yes, sir. Mr. McGuire: Are you listening? Benjamin: Yes, I am. Mr. McGuire: Plastics.
The Graduate, 1967, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0061722/quotes
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But who’s laughing now?
Acc. To EIA/DOE, “petroleum products account for 89% of … energy
consumption for non-fuel uses”
PlasticsTextilesPharmaceuticalsFertilizerCoke for graphite
products
SolventsFood grade paraffinPetroleum jelly (cosmetics)Asphalt-paving, roofingPesticides
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Alternative Carbon Sources
• Oil sands (3,500 billion barrels?)• Oil Shales (14,000 billion barrels?)• Methane hydrates (10,000 billion tons C?)• Coal (one ton of coal produces 200 liters of
crude, Wikipedia)• Natural gas - lots• Biofuels
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Chevron says:
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Return to Summary of Brown Bag Discussion