storage anz - bitpipedocs.media.bitpipe.com/io_12x/io_121707/item_1097769/storage_m… · cloud...

Home

Cloud storage providers tackle data sovereignty in Australia and New Zealand

Latency a challenge for cloud storage in Asia-Pacific

Hybrid storage model promises to bridge gap between cloud and on-premise

Google joins cloud battle with enterprise additions

STORAGE • ANZ • FEBRUARY 2015 1

DATA SPEED

Latency a challenge for cloud storage across Asia-Pacific

STORAGE

FEBRUARY 2015 | VOL. 3 | ANZ

CLOUD STORAGE

Hybrid storage model promises best of both worlds

CLOUD WARS


MANAGING THE INFORMATION THAT DRIVES THE ENTERPRISE

Storing cloud data away from

prying eyesHow cloud storage providers

are tackling the challenge of data sovereignty in Australia

and New Zealand

ANZ


ON 27 OCTOBER 2014, Microsoft opened two Australian Azure datacentres. At the launch the company announced it was the only cloud provider to have earned the Australian fed-eral government’s Industry Security Registered Assessors Program (IRAP) certification.

IRAP is run by Australia’s Defence Signals Directorate. It is similar to the US’s Fedramp certificate and the UK’s G-Cloud. Getting an IRAP badge means government customers can use a service to store everything except classified information. It was a feather in Microsoft’s cap.

In the event, Microsoft’s competitive advantage was short-lived. The next day Amazon Web Services (AWS) announced that it too had IRAP certification.

Amazon’s move underlines the fierce, competitive nature of Australia’s cloud services market. Every large cloud provider is either already doing business in Australia or soon will be.

As it is elsewhere, Amazon Web Services is the clear mar-ket leader. Rodney Haywood, ANZ solutions architecture

MICHAI KOZIARSKI & GREENANTPHOTO/THINKSTOCK

CLOUD STORAGE

Tackling data sovereignty

Storage is a popular and fast-growing cloud service in Australia, but it comes with its

challenges, not least local laws and latencyBY BILL BENNETT

HOME

Home






manager at AWS, says: “Amazon arrived in Australia in November 2012. We were the first major scale vendor to deploy in the region”.

Microsoft is the challenger. Other international players, including Rackspace, IBM, HP and Fujitsu, have local operations. VMware is planning a project using Telstra’s datacentres and Google is said to be preparing its own Australian datacentres, although that might involve a local partner. Most analysts expect AWS and Microsoft to dominate. IBM, which picked up Australian datacentres as part of its Softlayer acquisition, is likely to be a distant third, focusing mainly on wrapping managed services around its cloud offering.

EARLY ADOPTERS OF CLOUD

US-based cloud suppliers are drawn to Australia. The country may lack the scale and long-term potential of China or India, and in international terms, Australia is an expensive place to do business. But to American multina-tionals it looks a lot like their home market. They see it as safe and familiar. Australians are highly educated, have high incomes, speak English, are technically advanced and have traditionally been early adopters of anything promising greater business efficiency.

Most of all, there’s long been a much higher acceptance of cloud services in Australia than almost anywhere else except, perhaps, neighbouring New Zealand. From a sup-plier point of view, Australia is an easy, profitable business opportunity. There’s a bonus: an Australian footprint also gives suppliers access to the New Zealand market.

Cloud service providers want to chase business from large-scale Australian customers. That’s mainly, but not exclusively, government organisations that want the benefits of global competitiveness and large-scale multi-nationals can provide but are unwilling or legally unable to send data to be managed overseas.

ISSUES OF DATA SOVEREIGNTY AND LATENCY

Data sovereignty is a big issue in Australia. It’s an article of faith in Australian business that local customers prefer to deal with companies that are subject to local privacy laws. There’s also something bigger and darker.

When it comes to serving international customers, US cloud companies are hampered by recent Patriot Act law changes giving the National Security Agency (NSA) pow-ers to snoop on data stored in US datacentres. Australia

WHEN IT COMES TO SERVING INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMERS, US CLOUD COMPANIES ARE HAMPERED BY RECENT PATRIOT ACT LAW CHANGES GIVING THE US NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY POWERS TO SNOOP ON DATA STORED IN US DATACENTRES

Home






has legislation that effectively bans government agencies and companies from storing personal information in places where privacy can be breached.

Haywood says while many Australian companies use AWS’s Sydney datacentre for latency reasons, data sov-ereignty often comes up in conversations. Not everyone worries about this – companies serving multinational customers often choose to use lower-cost datacentres elsewhere in the world. He says some deliberately look for geographic diversity or to locate nearer their main markets.

Storage remains AWS’s most popular service in Australia. Haywood says it is also one of the fastest grow-ing. That owes a lot to repeated price drops. “The econom-ics are now so much better that customers are able to think in terms of content and applications, not the mechanics of storage,” he says.

RESPONDING TO STORAGE CHALLENGES

Chuck McKinster is director of hosting operations for Echo360, a US-based education technology company. His company works with Australia’s TAFE colleges – technical and further education institutions which mainly deliver tertiary vocational courses.

He says Echo360 sells an active learning platform which, among other things, allows institutions to record lessons ahead of classes, lets students collaborate during a class or lecture and handle real-time quizzes or tests. In the past, the technology was hosted on-site by a customer’s own systems.

More recently, Echo360 has partnered with Zadara Storage, which provides enterprise storage as a service on AWS, Microsoft Azure and other cloud services. In prac-tice, that means providing services beyond simple block and file for companies such as Echo360 that wouldn’t normally be able to use AWS.

McKinster says working with Zadara Storage allows Echo360 to move its customers from on-premise systems to cloud storage and, for the most part, Australian custom-ers are hosted by AWS’s Sydney datacentres. “Running out of Sydney means we can service all of Australia and New Zealand without latency concerns,” he says.

Echo360 customers typically stream large amounts of on-demand high-definition video to students either on-campus or at home. McKinster says the files are huge, typically an institution might have more than 50TB of data immediately available and perhaps another 90TB or so readily available.

He says the storage challenge is all about being able to provide a complete solution that includes sensible reten-tion policies to control customer costs. That was even harder when customers ran the technology on-premise. The scalable nature of cloud storage eases the burden, but costs can still blow out.

McKinster says data sovereignty is important for his Australian customers. For the most part, Echo360 deals with this using encryption. “We work in a number of countries and with organisations where having encryp-tion for data at rest and data in flight is important,” he says. “When that happens, we don’t keep copies of the customer’s encryption keys. That’s important as a lot of

Home






customers and countries insist that vendors don’t have access to data.”

He says, in the case of TAFE, not having keys means if a US government agency steps in using its Patriot Act powers to inspect Australian educational data, Echo360 can’t hand it over. He says this has been a key feature when selling services in a number of countries: “It’s been an important differentiator for us. Customers get to control the destiny of their data.”

McKinster says because TAFE colleges are controlled by Australian states, some have to follow local security rules, and that can include strict controls over matters such as firewalls.

Tackling Australia’s data sovereignty and government security requirements pays off for cloud storage suppliers. Haywood says since AWS ticked the IRAP certification box, the company has picked up major clients including Health Direct, the Treasury and the City of Melbourne. n

BILL BENNETT writes about technology and business for newspapers, magazines and radio. He is based in Auckland.

TechTarget ANZ Media Group

TechTarget8 Cross Street Level 28PWC BuildingSingapore

048424

EDITOR Karl FlindersPRODUCTION EDITOR Claire CormackSUB-EDITORS Jason Foster, Ben Whisson

VICE-PRESIDENT APAC Jon PankerAUSTRALIA COUNTRY MANAGER Josh GarlandDESIGN Linda Koury

© 2015 TechTarget Inc. No part of this publication may be transmitted or reproduced in any form or by any means without written permis-sion from the publisher. TechTarget reprints are available through The YGS Group.

About TechTarget: TechTarget publishes media for information technology professionals. More than 100 focused websites enable quick access to a deep store of news, advice and analysis about the technologies, products and processes crucial to your job. Our live and virtual events give you direct access to independent expert commentary and advice. At IT Knowledge Exchange, our social community, you can get advice and share solutions with peers and experts.

COVER IMAGE: DECISIVE IMAGES/THINKSTOCK

“WE DON’T KEEP COPIES OF THE CUSTOMER’S ENCRYPTION KEYS. THAT’S IMPORTANT AS A LOT OF CUSTOMERS AND COUNTRIES INSIST THAT VENDORS DON’T HAVE ACCESS TO DATA”Chuck McKinster, Echo360

mailto:kflinders%40techtarget.com?subject=Storage%20Magazine%20ASEAN

mailto:ccormack%40techtarget.com?subject=Storage%20Magazine%20ASEAN

mailto:jpanker%40techtarget.com?subject=Storage%20Magazine%20ASEAN

mailto:jgarland%40techtarget.com?subject=

mailto:lkoury%40techtarget.com?subject=Storage%20Magazine%20ASEAN

http://reprints.ygsgroup.com/m/techtarget

Home






IT’S NOT OFTEN that physical laws crop up in boardroom decision-making processes, but cloud storage is one area where they do – or, at least, they should.

Physics underpins most of computing, whether it’s the exchange of atoms in silicon semiconductors, or the ever-increasing need for error-correction protocols to pro-tect against data corruption from cosmic rays as processor dies get smaller.

In fact, the vast majority of tech sector products and services depend on quantum theory and related physics, though you’ll never read about it in the marketing bro-chure for that new SAN device. Physics is everywhere, and engineers face a permanent battle against the realities of physical laws.

One of the most fundamental of those physical laws is the velocity of light. In a perfect vacuum it cannot exceed the value of the constant c, which is a whisker under 300,000,000 metres per second. In the real world – through air, glass, water – it’s often considerably slower. In fibre-optic cables, for example, it could be 40% slower.

So while light in a vacuum might be able to travel seven-and-a-half times around the world in a second, light routed through fibre-optic cables might only manage four-and-a-half times in that same second. And as for electrons travelling through copper wire, they’re even slower – relatively speaking.

Verizon is one of several companies that publishes latency figures for its network, which includes its cloud storage services. This information is frequently updated, so the numbers (measured in milliseconds, or ms) change over time, but the ratios remain roughly the same.

DATA SPEED ALEX CRUICKSHANK

Latency a challenge for Apac cloud storageHow the laws of physics affect cloud storage buying decisions

AS ANY VOIP USER WILL KNOW, A SMALL LATENCY OF 50MS OR SO IS PRETTY MUCH UNDETECTABLE. OVER 100MS AND THINGS START TO BECOME NOTICEABLE

Home






Singapore to US

Hong Kong to Sydney

Singapore to Sydney

New Zealand to UK

Australia to UK

New Zealand to Singapore

At the time of writing, the figures show that if you’re based in New Zealand, for example, you may be better off with a cloud storage provider in Australia (23.7ms latency) than one in Singapore (121.2ms). Similarly, if you’re run-ning a Hong Kong-based organisation, you should proba-bly avoid using cloud storage in the US (152.1ms latency) and maybe choose one in Taiwan (40.1ms).

Of course, there are many other considerations when choosing a suitable cloud storage provider for your organ-isation, not least cost, service level agreement details, legislative issues and uptime. But latency does matter, especially for systems requiring fast access. As any VoIP user will know, a small latency of 50ms or so is pretty much undetectable. Over 100ms and things start to become noticeable, especially for applications that require frequent random access.

Speed improvements can be – and are being – made by replacing copper with fibre, but ultimately there’s no get-ting away from the universe’s fundamental speed limit, c. So it makes sense to take account of latency when buying cloud storage.

Data which isn’t required in a hurry – archives, back-ups – can be stored halfway around the globe with no concern. But for data that’s required quickly, and accessed frequently, it makes sense to minimise latency and keep it closer to home. n

ALEX CRUICKSHANK has been a technology journalist since 1994. He grew up in the UK and now lives in New Zealand, where he runs his own writing business, Ministry of Prose.

Network physics

SOURCE: VERIZON

180.743ms

103.403ms

290.225ms

296.477ms

121.273ms

133.151ms

IP latency of Verizon network in milliseconds, recorded in November 2014

http://www.ministryofprose.com


HYBRID CLOUD

The cloud’s the limit

Organisations are reluctant to store all their data in the cloud but hybrid model promises to bridge the gap

between on- and and off-premise storageBY ANTHONY ADSHEAD

THE CLOUD HAS been one of the hottest IT buzzwords of recent times. Suppliers, as one would expect, have been talking up the concept, while analysts have indicated they expect a future of cloud storage and compute.

But such optimism has, in general, failed to translate to everyday operational reality. Most people don’t use the cloud to store data, citing concerns over access times, latency, compliance and worries about being locked into a cloud provider. In short, IT departments are largely reluctant to hand over the control of data to someone else.

But recent announcements from two big beasts of the storage world – EMC and NetApp – may have gone towards addressing these objections, with hybrid cloud storage products and services that aim to address some of the current shortcomings of the cloud.

EMC and NetApp’s hybrid cloud offerings comprise hardware and software operating environments that

PSDE

SIGN

1/FO

TOLI

A

HOME

Home






“A LOT OF CUSTOMERS ARE IN TRANSITION. CIOs ARE LOOKING AT THE BUSINESS AND WHAT PROPORTION OF IT CAN GO TO THE CLOUD AND ARE SAYING AROUND 20%”Laurence James, NetApp

potentially allow users to manage data across public and private environments, removing concerns over data por-tability and security.

But will these offerings succeed in strengthening the appeal of cloud storage? First, let’s look at what EMC and NetApp came out with in October 2014.

EMC’S HYBRID CLOUD OFFERING

EMC has married its converged server, storage and net-work product – which includes Cisco and VMware com-ponents – with its storage virtualisation layer, ViPR, to create the EMC Hybrid Cloud system, also available in its Vspex reference architecture.

According to EMC, this provides hybrid access between its on-premise storage and clouds belonging to VMware’s vCloud Air, Microsoft Azure and Amazon Web Services (AWS). It says customers can get this up and running in 28 days, with the bundle coming in three sizes: 500, 5,000 or 10,000 virtual machines. Customers can add services including platform as a service (PaaS), app self-service, big data provisioning, backup and disaster recovery.

Support for Microsoft and OpenStack cloud environ-ments is roadmapped for the future.

NETAPP’S HYBRID CLOUD OFFERING

Meanwhile, NetApp’s launch doesn’t comprise a specific product but is centred on cloud-friendly upgrades in the Data Ontap operating system (OS) version 8.3 and builds on a partnership with datacentre colocation provider Equinix.

While short on drill-down detail, NetApp products, alliances and solutions manager Laurence James describes how the OS would bridge the two environments: “Cloud Ontap is a version of the OS that works in the cloud – it can be selected as cloud manager in an AWS marketplace, for example. This interoperates with Ontap on-premise to provide dynamic data portability between the two.”

This adds to NetApp’s previous ventures to connect its FlexPod product bundles with cloud providers such as Microsoft Azure, and its partnership in which custom-

ers use their NetApp storage at Equinix sites to gain fast access to a range of cloud providers’ infrastructures.

James says NetApp’s moves are a response to customer demand to shift a proportion of their data to the cloud. “A lot of customers are in transition. CIOs are looking at the business and what proportion of IT can go to the cloud and are saying around 20%. We’re going to see more of this,” he says.

Home






“The next step is to look at enterprise capability in the cloud. We’re not at the level yet for enterprise data, but it will come,” he adds.

HYBRID MODEL IS GAINING BACKING

These latter comments reveal what’s driving things in cloud storage and why the hybrid cloud model is gaining the backing of big storage suppliers.

The cloud just isn’t ready for what counts as primary, tier-1 data for the most mission-critical and time-sensitive

of organisations. Those most hungry for security and per-formance data can’t get the service levels they need from the cloud.

But some data can usefully live in the cloud. Not transactional data, not core-system data and not vir-tual machine images – but general file storage, backup and archive data can usefully reside in an environment with higher access times, especially as cloud providers respond to compliance requirements with datacentres in multiple jurisdictions.

And with the availability of hybrid cloud products and services from the likes of EMC and NetApp, customers now get to straddle the on- and off-premise worlds, put-ting the data they want on cloud capacity while keeping the bulk of it on-site and – importantly – having control over it all.

BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN OLD AND NEW

That’s also the view of Greg Shulz, senior advisory analyst at StorageIO. “Hybrid cloud is the bridge between the old on-premise world and the new world born and living in the cloud,” he says.

“What it says is customers want to move to the cloud at their own pace in a way that fits their requirements, hence they need the flexibility to span their traditional environments and leverage public cloud where applicable.

“Those whose primary applications are on-premise, for high performance and low latency, will continue to use storage that is close to the applications. Those systems will, however, be able to replicate or keep a durable copy elsewhere for high availability or business continuity and disaster recovery purposes,” he adds.

At some point, remote provision of compute and stor-age may achieve full tier-1 operational capability. But, for now, customers and storage suppliers alike recognise the opportunities and shortcomings of the cloud, and hybrid will be the key modus operandi for the time being. n

ANTHONY ADSHEAD is storage editor of Computer Weekly.

GENERAL FILE STORAGE, BACKUP AND ARCHIVE DATA CAN USEFULLY RESIDE IN AN ENVIRONMENT WITH HIGHER ACCESS TIMES

mailto:aadshead%40techtarget.com?subject=


GOOGLE ANNOUNCED ENHANCEMENTS to the networking stack, a partnership with Bitnami, support for the popular Ubuntu Linux distribution from Canonical and storage price drops at its Google Cloud Platform Live event in San Francisco in November 2014.

Google hosted its second cloud event under the GCP Live brand to announce new features, services, partner-ships and customer wins.

Though Google has a superior technology stack to its rivals Amazon and Microsoft Azure, it lacks the sales and marketing muscle of its competitors. Microsoft has a decade-long engagement with fortune 500 companies, while Amazon is aggressively moving in to win the enter-prise customers. Google’s focus has always been on the developers.

Google App Engine, one of the first cloud platforms – announced in 2008 – attracted many developers and startups. But with solid investments in Google Compute Engine, the infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) component, and BigQuery, a scalable database engine optimised for big data and aggressive hiring, Google is getting ready for the enterprise battle.

Its recent announcements underscore the enterprise focus of Google Cloud Platform.

CLOUD WARS

Cloud providers battle for business

Google joins enterprise battle with additions to its cloud platform

BY JANAKIRAM MSV

HOMEEX0LEX/FOTOLIA

Home






GOOGLE COMPUTE ENGINE SUPPORTS UBUNTU

AND ADDITIONAL STORAGE OPTIONS

Google Compute Engine (GCE) became generally avail-able in December 2013. Since then, Google has been constantly adding features to bring it on par with the competition. When compared with Amazon EC2, GCE delivers better performance. Scalr, the popular multi-cloud management platform, has published a series of benchmark reports that prove the point.

Announcements at Google Cloud Platform Live widen the choice of operating system (OS) supported on GCE. With the availability of Ubuntu, Google cus-tomers can now launch the most popular Linux dis-tribution on the cloud. Canonical, the company that ships Ubuntu, claims 85% of Linux workloads run on its distribution.

Though GCE supported Debian Linux, which is com-patible with Ubuntu, getting the official distribution makes more sense. This makes GCE one of the complete

IaaS offerings, with support for CentOS, CoreOS, Debian, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Suse, Ubuntu and Microsoft Windows Server.

Along with this, Google also announced the partner-ship with Bitnami, the company that provides a library of cloud-optimized, open-source virtual machines. Bitnami initially supported Amazon EC2, but added support for other cloud platforms, including Microsoft Azure.

Google Compute Engine is one of the first IaaS plat-forms to support SSD-based block storage devices. Customers can attach either the classic persistent disk based on the magnetic media or a persistent disk based on SSD. These two choices provided additional persistent storage choices.

With local SSD support, GCE now offers a variety of SSD-based block storage that is physically attached to the host. This will have low latency and high IOPS (input/output operations per second) throughput.

According to Google, local SSD will deliver up to 680,000 read IOPs and 360,000 write IOPs with a sub-millisecond latency. Both Microsoft and AWS support local SSD disks and, with this announcement, GCE joins the SSD bandwagon.

The other important feature of IaaS is elasticity – the ability to shrink and expand the infrastructure. Amazon EC2 pioneered the concept of auto-scale, while Microsoft followed it by recently adding the feature to Azure vir-tual machines (VMs). GCE now supports auto-scale through its auto-scaler component, which is in alpha. This makes it easy to run applications with unpredictable load patterns.

GOOGLE COMPUTE ENGINE IS ONE OF THE FIRST INFRASTRUCTURE-AS-A-SERVICE PLATFORMS TO SUPPORT SOLID-STATE DISK-BASED BLOCK STORAGE DEVICES

Home






ANDROMEDA – GOOGLE’S SECRET CLOUD SAUCE

Google has one of the fastest networks connecting its global infrastructure. Code-named Andromeda, the software-defined networking (SDN) stack delivers unmatched performance.

Google is leveraging Andromeda for its cloud by extending it to customers. With this, workloads running across different regions can be seamlessly interconnected offering high availability and fault tolerance. Google

claims the latest update to Andromeda delivers two times performance gains. This is certainly a key differentiating factor for Google.

Google also launched a feature that enterprises look for – peering and virtual private network (VPN) support. When it comes to enterprise customers, it’s not an “all or nothing strategy” of moving to cloud. They need a hybrid

story to seamlessly extend the on-premise assets to the public cloud.

With VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) and Direct Connect, Amazon scores very high in the hybrid cloud space. So does Microsoft, with its System Center, ExpressRoute and the recently announced Cloud Platform System. VMware is also moving fast, with vCloud Air, to win the hybrid cloud market.

Google Cloud Interconnect, a service launched at Google Cloud Platform Live, will provide direct peering and carrier-based interconnect to enterprises. Customers can run a dedicated network to a Google datacentre, offer-ing them a private and secure connectivity option. They can also leverage Carrier Interconnect, which enables customers to connect to Google infrastructure via car-rier partners including Equinix, IX Reach, Level 3, Tata Communications, Telx, Verizon and Zayo.

With virtual private network (VPN) connectivity, cus-tomers can use existing VPN devices to securely connect to Google’s public cloud.

HOSTED CONTAINERS COME TO GOOGLE CLOUD

Linux containers are hogging the limelight. Docker is turning out to be the darling of cloud providers.

With more than two billion containers launched every day, Google is one of the heavy users of container technol-ogy. Having gained momentum with Kubernetes, Google is now ready to host containers on its cloud. Google Container Engine (GKE), is the new chip off the old block that makes it easy to launch and manage Docker contain-ers on the cloud.

GOOGLE HAS ONE OF THE FASTEST NETWORKS CONNECTING ITS GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE. CODE-NAMED ANDROMEDA, THE SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING (SDN) STACK DELIVERS UNMATCHED PERFORMANCE

Home






Google already integrated containers with Compute Engine in the form of container-optimised VMs. It also added container support to its platform as a service (PaaS) through managed VMs.

Google Container Engine will be one of the first ser-vices to offer mainstream container hosting. By inte-grating with the web-based console and command-line interface, Google will simplify the process of managing container-based workloads in the cloud.

THE ANDROID MOBILE DEVELOPER COMMUNITY

Google is one of those unique companies with a strong mobile and cloud story. Though Microsoft and Amazon are trying their luck with Fire and Windows Phone brands, Google has a huge lead with Android.

So far, Google has been lagging behind in exploiting its strong mobile developer community in driving the adoption of its cloud platform. Though Google had all the right building blocks needed to deliver a mobile back-end platform, it failed to connect the dots.

Microsoft’s Azure Mobile Services and Amazon’s Cognito deliver a cloud-based mobile back end to devel-opers. Realising the need, Google acquired a mobile back-end company called Firebase, which offers real-time data synchronization on a wide range of mobile devices. Google is expected to consolidate its existing mobile façade, Cloud Endpoints, with Firebase to make it easy for mobile developers to build applications powered by its cloud.

YET ANOTHER ROUND OF PRICE CUTS

Google is committed to applying Moore’s Law to cloud. After cutting the price of GCE instances across all regions by 10%, it also reduced the price of SSD disks and its hosted SQL engine. SSD-based persistent disks are 50% cheaper, now costing $0.17 per gigabyte per month. This is aggressive SSD pricing from Google, compared with AWS’s $0.125 per gigabyte per month plus additional

charges based on IOPS. Google’s storage price includes IOPS, which makes it attractive. The cost of storing snap-shots in Google Cloud Storage has dropped from $0.125 per gigabyte per month to $0.026 per gigabyte per month.

The price of Google Cloud SQL, the managed database service, was cut by 25% on larger instances belonging to the D4/D8/D16/D32 family.

Finally, BigQuery storage, based on Google Cloud Storage, reduced from $0.026 per gigabyte per month to $0.020 per gigabyte per month. n

JANAKIRAM MSV is a Gigaom Research analyst and the principal analyst at Janakiram & Associates. Follow him on Twitter at @janakiramm.

GOOGLE CONTAINER ENGINE IS ONE OF THE FIRST SERVICES TO OFFER MAINSTREAM CONTAINER HOSTING

storage anz - bitpipedocs.media.bitpipe.com/io_12x/io_121707/item_1097769/storage_m… · cloud...

Documents