STORED PROCEDURE

STORED PROCEDURE

RAJISHMA T.19/04/89

• A Stored procedure is a procedure that is stored in a database.

• It has a name,parameter list and sql statements. • The first part of the SQL statement that creates a

stored procedure is the words "CREATE PROCEDURE". • CREATE PROCEDURE p1 () SELECT * FROM t; /• The second part is the procedure name. The name of

this new procedure will be p1 • My sql statements are legal in the body of a stored

procedure.

• We cant put database manipulation statements that manipulate a routine such as create procedure,create function,drop function,drop procedure,alter procedure etc etc.

• Statements like use database are also illegal.• Call the procedure

To call a procedure we use the call keyword and then the procedure name and paranthesis.

Eg:call p1();

ADVANTAGES:

• Stored procedure increases performance of application.

• Stored procedure reduced the traffic between application and database server.

• Stored procedure is reusable and transparent to any application which wants to use it.

• Stored procedure is secured.

CHARACTERESTIC CLAUSES• There is some clauses which describes the characterestics

of the procedure.• Consider the eg below with charactarestics clauses.

• Create procedure p2() language SQL not deterministic SQL security defines comment ‘a procedure’ select * from t

VARIABLES

the statements used to define variables in a compount statement is declare.

Eg: declare a int; Variables are declared between the begin and end tag. Scope of the variable: CREATE PROCEDURE p() BEGIN DECLARE x1 CHAR(5) DEFAULT 'outer'; BEGIN DECLARE x1 CHAR(5) DEFAULT 'inner'; SELECT x1; END; SELECT x1; END;

Call scope example: call p()

X1innerx1outer

PARAMETERS

• 1. CREATE PROCEDURE p() ... • 2. CREATE PROCEDURE p([IN] name data-type)

... • 3. CREATE PROCEDURE p(OUT name data-

type) ... • 4. CREATE PROCEDURE p(INOUT name data-

type)

IN EG:

Delimiter //create procedure p1(in p int)Begin

declare x int; Set x = p ; Select x;End //Call p(123);

OUT EG:

CREATE PROCEDURE p2 (OUT p INT) Begin SET p = -5;

select p;End //

Call p2(@o)

INOUT EG:

CREATE PROCEDURE P3(INOUT P INT)BEGIN SET P=P*2; Select p;END //

Set @y=5;Call p3(@y);

IF-THEN -ELSECREATE PROCEDURE p3(IN parameter1 INT) BEGIN DECLARE variable1 INT; SET variable1 = parameter1 + 1; IF variable1 = 0 THEN INSERT INTO t VALUES (17); END IF; IF parameter1 = 0 THEN INSERT INTO T VALUES(15); ELSE INSERT INTO T VALUES(15); END IF; END; //

CASE:

CREATE PROCEDURE p4(IN parameter1 INT) BEGIN DECLARE variable1 INT; SET variable1 = parameter1 + 1; CASE variable1 WHEN 0 THEN INSERT INTO t VALUES (17); WHEN 1 THEN INSERT INTO t VALUES (18); ELSE INSERT INTO t VALUES (19); END CASE; END; //

WHILE------END WHILE

CREATE PROCEDURE p5 () BEGIN DECLARE v INT; SET v = 0; WHILE v < 5 DO INSERT INTO t VALUES (v); SET v = v + 1; END WHILE; END; //

REPEAT------END REPEAT

CREATE PROCEDURE p6 () BEGIN DECLARE v INT; SET v = 0; REPEAT INSERT INTO t VALUES (v); SET v = v + 1; UNTIL v >= 5 END REPEAT; END; //

LOOP-------END LOOPCREATE PROCEDURE p7 () BEGIN DECLARE v INT; SET v = 0; loop_label: LOOP INSERT INTO t VALUES (v); SET v = v + 1; IF v >= 5 THEN LEAVE loop_label; END IF; END LOOP; • END; //

GO TO:

CREATE PROCEDURE p... BEGIN ............... LABEL label_name; ............... GOTO label_name; ............... END

ERROR HANDLNG

• SYNTAX: DECLARE { EXIT | CONTINUE } HANDLER FOR { error-number | { SQLSTATE error-string } | condition } SQL statement

EXIT HANDLER EG:Create procedure department_ex(in dept_name varchar(30),in

dept_location varchar(30),in id int)Begin

declare d_key int default 0; Begin declare exit handler for 1062 set d_key=1;

insert into departments values(dept_name,dept_location,id);

select concat (‘department’,dept_name,’created successfully’) as “result”;

end;If d_key=1 then select concat(‘failed to insert’,dept_name,’:duplicate key’) as “result”;End ifEnd //

CONTINUE HANDLER EG:Create procedure department_co(in dept_name varchar(30),in dept_location varchar(30),in

id int)Begin

declare d_key int default 0; declare exit handler for 1062 begin set d_key=1; End; insert into departments

values(dept_name,dept_location,id);If d_key=1 then

select concat(‘failed to insert’,dept_name,’:duplicate key’) as “result”; else select concat (‘department’dept_name,’created successfully’) as “result”;End ifEnd //

CONDITION:

Declare no_such_table condition for sqlstate 42S02

Declare continue handler for no_such_tableBegin------body of handler-------End //

CURSORS:• In sql procedure a cursor make it possible to define a result

set (a set of data rows) and perform complex logic on a row by

row basis.• To use cursors in SQL procedures, need to do the following: 1:Declare a cursor that defines a result. 2:Open the cursor to establish the result set. 3:Fetch the data into local variables as needed

from the cursor, one row at a time. 4:Close the cursor when done

To work with cursors you must use the following SQL statements:

• DECLARE cursor-name CURSOR FOR SELECT ...; • OPEN cursor-name; • FETCH cursor-name INTO variable [, variable]; • CLOSE cursor-name;

CURSOR EG:

CREATE PROCEDURE p() BEGIN DECLARE id INT; DECLARE cur_1 CURSOR FOR SELECT i FROM departments; OPEN cur_1; FETCH cur_1 INTO id; set id=id*2 select id; CLOSE cur_1; END;//

Thank you