stpm biology practical guide

8/14/2019 STPM Biology Practical Guide

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Fxjfrb Jener Qbo.Ldb. (774802-R)


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< Fxjfrb Jener Qbo.Ldb. (774802-R)

(h) pmeo brewho` wdhad hs bfoi wdio flsirvho` tdi spiahcio uobir tdi mfw fr cibhuc pfwir

flniathvi fj tdi charfsafpi tf sii tdi fvirvhiw fj tdi spiahcio. Futmhoi fj tdi spiahcio hs

brewo wdhad cey afoteho meyirs tf hobhaeti tdi bhstrhluthfo fj verhfus thssuis whtdfut

sdfwho` eoy aimms(hhh) bitehmib brewho` wdhad hs usuemmy bfoi uobir cibhuc fr dh`d pfwir flniathvi fj tdi

charfsafpi. Iviry sho mi typi fj aimm hs brewo eaauretimy ho struaturi, pfshthfo eob

prfpfrthfo tf iead ftdir. E siatfr fj aimms aeo li brewo tf riprisiot tdi wdfmi struaturi fj

tdi spiahcio hj stubiots devi thci afostrehot. Ho tdi aesi fj pmeot aimms, bfulmi mhois aeo li

usib tf sdfw tdi tdhakoiss fj tdi aimm wemm. Aimms sdfumb oft li brewo fvirmeppho`.

Wmeo brewho` fj bhaft rfft (t.s.) Bitehmib brewho` fj e siatfr fj bhaft rfft

Aimms brewo fvirmeppho` (T)

4. Brewho`s cey li bfoi fo spiahcios siathfoib treosvirsimy, virthaemmy fr flmhquimy, ho wdhad

aesi tdi sdepi fj e perthaumer aimm sdfumb li bfoi eaafrbho`my.

Espiahcio hs siathfoib treosvirsimy fr dfrhzfotemmy Espiahcio hs siathfoib virthaemmy

8. Brewho`s fj spiahcio sdfumb li brewo es siio whtd tdi oekib iyis fr es flsirvib uobir e deob mios

fr ixechoib uobir tdi charfsafpi. Of ixtre bitehms sdfumb li brewo fut fj stubiots fwo

hce`hoethfo.

57. Frhiotethfo fj tdi brewho` sdfumb li bfoi eaafrbho` tf tdi pfshthfo fj tdi spiahcio. Rdi

spiahcio cey li vhiwib jrfc tdi eotirhfr, pfstirhfr, bfrsem, viotrem fr metirem pfshthfo. Pdio e

spiahcio hs siio jrfc tdi bfrsem vhiw, tdi mijt eob rh`dt pfshthfo fj tdi stubiot afrrispfobs tf

tdet fj tdi spiahcio. Pdio e spiahcio hs pmeaib fo hts bfrsem shbi eob tdi viotrem vhiw fj tdi

spiahcio hs flsirvib; tdio tdi mijt eob rh`dt pfshthfo fj tdi stubiot hs fppfshti tf tdet fj tdi

spiahcio (sii jfmmfwho` bhe`rec).

(v.s)(t.s)


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1Fxjfrb Jener Qbo.Ldb. (774802-R)


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(e) priperi suarfsi sfmuthfos fj verhfus cfmerhthis jrfc e stfak sfmuthfo

(l) telumeti ixpirhciotem risumts eob brew rimiveot repds

(a) eoemysi eob hotirprit ixpirhciotem risumts jfr fscftha pftiothem bitirchoethfo

Jhvi sfmuthfos fj bhjjiriot afoaiotrethfos wiri priperib jrfc e `hvio 5.7 C (5.7 cfm bc1) suarfsi

sfmuthfo es jfmmfws >

Cfmerhty 7.5 C 7.< C 7.1 C 7.2 C 7.9 C

Zfmuci fj 5.7 C suarfsi sfmuthfo (ac1) < 2 : 4 57

Zfmuci fj bhsthmmib wetir (ac1) 54 5: 52 5< 57

59 strhps fj pftetf thssuis ciesurho` elfut 2: ac ho mio`td eob whtd e arfss-siathfo fj 7.9 ac

7.9 acwiri aut. Rdi evire`i mio`td fj tdi pftetf strhps wiri riafrbib. 1 pftetf strhps iead wiri pmeaib hotf 9

bhjjiriot lfhmho` tulis afotehoho` bhjjiriot cfmerhthis fj suarfsi sfmuthfo. Rdi hohthem mivim fj tdi suarfsi

sfmuthfo wes riafrbib jfr iead tuli. Ejtir 17 choutis, tdi jhoem mivim fj tdi suarfsi sfmuthfo eob tdi jhoem

mio`td fj tdi strhps wiri riafrbib. Rdi pdyshaem afobhthfo fj tdi pftetf strhps wes emsf riafrbib.

Cfmerhty Mio`td fj pftetf strhp (ac) Mivim fj suarfsi sfmuthfo (ac)

(cfm/bc1) Lijfri Ejtir Adeo`i ho mio`td Hohthem Jhoem

7.5 2.7 2.< 2.< 2.5 7.


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(e) isthceti tdi ceòhjhaethfo fj e brewho` cebi uobir e charfsafpi(l) isthceti tdi eatuem shzi fj sfci charffrèohscs

(a) bitirchoi tdi shzi fj e pmeot (fohfo saemi) aimm

E. Qmhbis fj verhfus typis fj charffrèohscs eri ixechoib uobir e charfsafpi et dh`d pfwir. Rdi

hceì shzi (epperiot flniat shzi) fj tdi spiahcio aeo li isthcetib ly pmeaho` tdi tducl eob tdi

hobix jhoìr fo e rumir put lishbi tdi charfsafpi (sii phaturi limfw). E brewho` hs cebi eob tdi

ceòhjhaethfo fj tdi brewho` aeo li bitirchoib ly usho` tdi jfrcume>

Rdi eatuem shzi fj iead charffrèohsc aeo li bitirchoib usho` tdi jfrcume >

Isthcetho` tdi epperiot shzi fj e spiahcio

Foi iyi mffkho` hotf tdiiyiphiai eob eoftdirmffkho` et tdi rumir pmeaiblishbi tdi charfsafpi

Isthcetho` tdi epperiotshzi fj tdi flsirvibspiahcio es siio uobir

eo flniathvi pfwir

Wmeaho` yfur twfjhoìrs eèhost tdirumir tf isthceti

tdi epperiot shzi

Epperiot shzi fj flniatEatuem shzi fj flniat 3

Ceòhjhaethfo fj iyiphiai Ceòhjhaethfo fj tdi flniathvi mios usib

Ceòhjhaethfo fj iyiphiai Ceòhjhaethfo fj tdiflniathvi mios usib Qhzi fj brewho`

Ceòhjhaethfo fj tdi brewho` 3 Epperiot shzi fj flniat

@uhbi tf QRWC Wreathaems


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(e) priperi smhbis fj eohcem (adiik) aimms eob pmeot (miej iphbircem) aimms usho` tdi afrriat stehoho`

tiadohqui

(l) riemhsi tdet aimm hs e lesha uoht fj mhji

E. Flsirvethfo fj eohcem aimms

E tfftdphak hs usib tf ìotmy sarepi fjj e tdho meyir fj aimms jrfc tdi hoshbi fj yfur adiik.

Rdi sarepho` hs cfuotib ho e brfp fj citdymioi lmui sfmuthfo fo e smhbi eob ixechoib uobir mfw

pfwir flniathvi mios jfmmfwib ly dh`d pfwir flniathvi mios.

Rdi aimms tdet mhoi tdi hooir adiik eri squecfus aimms eob tdihr ouamius eri stehoib purpmhsd lmui usho` citdymioi lmui sfmuthfo

L. Flsirvethfo fj pmeot aimmsRdi iphbircem meyir fj tdi fohfo saemi miej hs piimib fjj usho` e pehr fj jfraips eob cfuotib ho e

brfp fj hfbhoi fo e smhbi. Rdi spiahcio hs tdio ixechoib uobir e charfsafpi.

Rdi fohfo saemi miej aimms bf oft afoteho admfrfpmests liaeusi tdi aimms eri stfreì aimms jfr aerlfdybretis

Rdi bhjjirioais litwiio eohcem eob pmeot aimms eri >

(e) eohcem aimms pfssiss fomy aimm ciclreoi wdiries pmeot aimms pfssiss aimm ciclreoi eob aimm

wemm

(l) tdi ouamius fj tdi eohcem aimm hs aiotremmy pfshthfoib wdiries tdi ouamius fj tdi pmeot aimm hs

pusdib tf tdi pirhpdiry

Ceòhjhaethfo 3 077 x

Ceòhjhaethfo 3 877 x



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(e) hovisth`eti tdi ijjiat fj ticpireturi fo iozyci-aetemysib rieathfos

(l) bitirchoi tdi fpthcem ticpireturi fj iozycetha rieathfos

(a) bitirchoi tdi ticpireturi afijjhahiot, U57

, fj eo iozyci-afotrfmmib rieathfo

E semhve sfmuthfo hs priperib ly sphttho` semhve hotf e amieo liekir eob bhmutho` ht whtd eo iquem ecfuot

fj bhsthmmib wetir. Jhvi liekirs fj wetir letds et tdi jfmmfwho` ticpireturis> 7 A,


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(e) priperi e afoaiotretib admfrfpdymm ixtreat jrfc peobeo mievis(l) sipereti tdi ph`ciots jfuob ho tdi admfrfpdymm ixtreat

(a) aemaumeti tdi \jvemui fj iead siperetib ph`ciot

Rdi ph`ciot ixtreat hs priperib ly lmiobho` sfci peobeo mievis whtd eaitfoi eob jhmtirho` ht

tdrfu`d e cusmho amftd. E adrfcetf`repdy strhp hs aut eob e pioahm lesimhoi hs brewo fo tdi strhp. Rdi

ph`ciot ixtreat hs tdio treosjirrib fotf tdi adrfcetf`repdy strhp usho` e brfppir tf ceki e

afoaiotretib spft ho tdi chbbmi fj tdi lesimhoi. Rdi strhp hs tdio pmeaib ho e lfhmho` tuli afotehoho`

pitrfmiuc-itdir sfmviot. Ejtir 17 choutis, tdi sfmviot eob ph`ciot jrfots eri cerkib eob tdihr

bhsteoais jrfc tdi lesi eri ciesurib.

Adrfcetf`repdy pepir

Ceho ph`ciot afmfur Admfrfpdymm l Admfrfpdymm e Teotdfpdymm Aerftioi

(`riio) (lmui riio) (yimmfw) (yimmfw freo`i)

Bhsteoai cfvib ly ph`ciot (cc) 1< :2 01 89

Bhsteoai cfvib ly sfmviot (cc) 80 80 80 80

Bhsteoai cfvib ly ph`ciot\

j3 7.11 7.:: 7.09 7.84

Bhsteoai cfvib ly sfmviot

Ho pepir adrfcetf`repdy, bhjjiriot ph`ciots eri aerrhib up tdi adrfcetf`repdy strhp et bhjjiriot

spiibs bui tf tdi jfmmfwho` jeatfrs.

(h) Ebsfrpthfo elhmhty fj tdi pepir tf tdi sfmutis tf li siperetib aeusib ly tdi pfrfshty fj tdi pepir

(hh) Qfmulhmhty fj tdi sfmutis ho e perthaumer sfmviot

(hhh) Rdi cfmiaumer cess fj tdi sfmuti; tdi biosist whmm li tdi mest tf cfvi up tdi pepir

Weobeo mievis afoteho jfur bhsthoat ph`ciots whtd tdihr \jvemuis es sdfwo ho tdi telmi elfvi.

sfmviot jrfot

xeotdfpdymm (yimmfw)

admfrfpdymm e (lmui-`riio)

admfrfpdymm l (`riio)

spft fj afoaiotretib

admfrfpdymm ixtreat

lesimhoi

aerftioi (yimmfw-freo`i)

pdeifpdytho (`riy)



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(e) rimeti tdi struaturi fj tdi miej aimm tf hts juoathfos

(l) bhjjiriotheti tdi eoetfchaem miej struaturi fj A1

eob A2

pmeots ho rimethfo tf tdi Detad-Qmeak

petdwey eob Aemvho ayami

Qmhbis fj treosvirsi siathfos fj tdi A1eob A

2mievis eri ixechoib uobir tdi charfsafpi et mfw pfwir tf

flsirvi tdi pmeo vhiw fj tdi miej siathfos. Dh`d pfwir melimmib brewho` jfr tdi aimms flsirvib eri tdio

cebi.

Dh`d pfwir brewho` fj arfss siathfo fj A1miej

Ho tdi A1

pmeot miej, tdi pemhsebi cisfpdymm aimms ixhst es foi lesha meyir. Hts luobmi sdietd aimms eri

scemm eob tdi hotiraimmumer speais eri lh``ir tdeo ho tdi miej fj e A2

pmeot. Rdi aerlfo bhfxhbi

riaiptfr ho tdi Aemvho ayami hs rhlumfsi lhspdfspdeti.

Ce`ohjhaethfo fj brewho` 2:77 3


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(e) tdi bhìsthvi systic eob tdi rimetib frèos

(l) tdi lmffb vissims, ertirhis eob vihos fj tdi systic

Rdi ret hs phooib tf e bhssiatho` lferb, whtd tdi viotrem shbi jeaho` upwerbs. Hts elbfchoem aevhty hs

aut tf bhspmey tdi vhsaire frèos tf tdi mijt shbi fj tdi eohcem. Rdrii melimmib brewho`s eri cebi

sdfwho` tdi emhciotery aeoem, rimetib frèos, eob tdihr vihos eob ertirhis.

Ceòhjhaethfo fj brewho` 3 < x

xhpdfhb aerthmeì

mhvir

stfceadhotisthoi



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(e) ixechoi tdi struaturis fj tdi ceho frèos hovfmvib ho risphrethfo

(l) hoariesi tdihr uobirsteobho` fj tdi prfaiss fj esifus ixadeoì ho eohcems

Rdi ret hs phooib tf tdi bhssiatho` lferb whtd tdi viotrem shbi upwerbs. Eo hoahshfo hs cebi tdrfu`d

tdi skho eob hs aut es jer es tdi mfwir new. Rdi viotrem eob metirem tdfreaha wemms eri tdio aut emfo` tdi

bfttib mhois tf ixpfsi tdi tdfreaha aevhty (sii bhe`rec limfw). Rdi cusamis eob thssuis fj tdi oiak

eri emsf aut tf ixpfsi tdi treadie eob meryox. Rdi diert, muo`s, treadie, fisfpdeùs, eob meryox eri

ricfvib tfìtdir. Melimmib brewho`s fj tdi struaturis tekio fut eri cebi.

Rdiri eri 0 pehrs fj rhls jfuob ho tdi ret. Pdio tdi rhlaeì hs rehsib upwerbs eob jfrwerbs, tdi vfmuci fj

tdi rhlaeì hoariesis, mfwirho` tdi prissuri hoshbi. Ehr hs jfraib hotf tdi muo`s tdrfu`d tdi ofstrhms,

treadie eob ftdir risphretfry tulis. Rdhs hs hodemethfo. Burho` ixdemethfo, tdi rhlaeì jemms bfwowerbs

eob howerbs bui tf revhty, biariesho` hts vfmuci lut hoariesho` hts prissuri. Ehr hs tdio jfraib fut.

Rdi bhepdre`c hs e ciclreofus struaturi whtd pirhpdirem imestha cusamis rebhetho` jrfc tdi aiotri

jfrcho` e bfci afvirho` tdi lesi pfrthfo fj tdi ehrth`dt rhlaeì. Burho` hosphrethfo, tdi rebhemcusami fj tdi bhepdre`c afotreats, jmettioho` hts bfci-sdepib struaturi. Rdhs aeusis tdi vfmuci fj

tdi rhlaeì tf hoariesi. Burho` ixphrethfo, tdi rebhem cusami rimexis, rituroho` tdi bhepdre`c tf hts

bfci-sdepib struaturi eob tdi vfmuci fj tdi rhlaeì rituros tf hts scemmir aepeahty.

Rdi mijt muo` afoshsts fj e sho`mi mfli wdiries tdi rh`dt muo` des 2 mflis. Pdio ixechoib uobir e

deob mios, e aut muo` thssui mffks sfjt eob spfo`y. Rdiri eri ceoy tdho struaturis whtd ehr speais eob

lmffb aephmmerhis ho ht.

Rdi mio`td fj tdi treadie wdio ciesurib jrfc tdi meryox tf tdi pfhot wdiri ht lreoadis hotf twf

lrfoadh hs elfut


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(e) hbiothjy tdi frèos ho tdi tdfreaha aevhty

(l) hbiothjy tdi pfshthfo fj tdi ceho vihos eob ertirhis eob tdihr lreoadis

E ret hs phooib tf tdi bhssiatho` lferb whtd tdi viotrem shbi upwerbs. E chb-viotrem hoahshfo tdrfu`d

tdi skho hs cebi eob aut tfwerbs tdi cfutd eob tdio tfwerbs tdi pfstirhfr. Rdi xhpdfhb aerthmeì hs

pummib bfwowerb eob tdi bhepdre`c hs aut. Rdi viotrem eob metirem tdfreaha wemms eri tdio aut (sii

bhe`rec limfw- aut emfo` tdi mhoi) tf ixpfsi tdi tdfreaha aevhty. Rdi cusamis eob thssuis fj tdi oiak

eri emsf aut tf ixpfsi tdi treadie eob meryox. Melimmib brewho`s fj tdi vihos eob ertirhis ho tdi

tdfreaha ri`hfo fj tdi ret eri cebi.

Bfrsem vhiw fj tdi diert (pdftf)

xhpdfhb aerthmeì

sticuc

rhlaeì

muo`s

mhvir



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(e) uobirsteob tdi struaturis fj tdi mhvir eob khboiy

(l) uobirsteob tdi juoathfos fj mhvir eob khboiy es dfcifstetha fr eos

Rdi priperib smhbis fj tdi treovirsi siathfos fj tdi mhvir eob khboiy wiri flsirvib uobir charfsafpi

et mfw pfwir tf bitirchoi tdi bhstrhluthfo fj emm tdi thssuis. Rdi bitehmib struaturis wiri tdio siio

uobir dh`d pfwir. Wmeo eob bitehmib brewho`s fj tdi smhbis wiri tdio cebi.

Wmeo brewho` fj smhbi fj mhvir- treosvirsi siathfo

Wmeo brewho` fj smhbi fj khboiy- treosvirsi siathfo

afrtix

cibumme

oipdrfo

pimvhs

rioem ertiry

Ce`ohjhaethfo fj brewho` 3


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Bitehmib brewho` fj smhbi fj mhvir- treosvirsi siathfo

Bitehmib brewho` fj smhbi fj khboiy-treosvirsi siathfo

Rdi mhvir hs jib whtd tdrii typis fj lmffb vissims oecimy tdi dipetha ertiry, tdi dipetha viho eob tdi

dipetha pfrtem viho. Rdi mhvir pirjfrcs ceoy juoathfos; foi fj wdhad hs tdi prfbuathfo fj lhmi. Rdilhmi prfbuaib afotehos ceoy sulsteoais eob semts, sfbhuc `myafadfmeti eob sfbhuc teurfadfmeti

wdhad aeo icumshjy jets, tdet hs, tdi semts eri elmi tf lriek tdi jets fr fhm hotf scemmir brfpmits eob

sipereti tdic pirceoiotmy tf jeahmhteti bhìsthfo. Rdisi semts eri oft iozycis liaeusi tdiy bf oft

lriek bfwo tdi jets adichaemmy. Ejtir bhìsthfo, shcpmi jffb sulsteoais eri elsfrlib. Ejtir

esshchmethfo eob citelfmhsc, ixaritery prfbuats (ly-prfbuats fj aimm citelfmhsc) ispiahemmy,

eccfohe oiibs tf li ricfvib jrfc tdi lfby es ht hs tfxha eob adeoìs tdi pD fj tdi hotiroem

iovhrfociot fj tdi lfby.

lesemciclreoifj aepsumi

`mfcirumus

bhstemafovfmutibtulumi

ouamius fjpfbfayti

mucio fjLfwceos

aepsumi

prfxhcemafovfmutibtulumi

charfvhmus

Lfwceos

aepsumi

Ceòhjhaethfo fj brewho` 3 977 x

shousfhb

dipetfaytis

Kupjjir aimm

Ceòhjhaethfo fj brewho` 3 9977 x

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