straightforward intermediate unit 7

8/13/2019 Straightforward Intermediate Unit 7

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G : present perfect continuous Use the present perfect continuous to talk about actions which started in the past and are still

in progress now. I ve been living here for six months. (=I still live here.)

often with time expressions and for or since . Use for + time expression to talk about the length of time theaction has been taking place. Use since + time expressionto talk about the starting point of the action.

for ten years, for a long time, for the last six months, since I left London, since last September, since last

Saturday in questions with How long ? How long have you been waiting ?

Make the present perfect continuous with have/has + been + verb+ -ing. I ve been working here for over six months. Hes been working here since he was a boy.

Use the present perfect simple (not the continuous) withstative verbs.

I ve been here since last autumn. Not Ive been being here.

F S V C V ,

S L R

Complete the text. Put the verbs in bthe present perfect continuous.

Dave is a violinist. He (1) (music for the last ten years and last yemoved to London to look for work. Da(2) (live) in London for fivnow and while he is looking for a job one of the London orchestras, he (3)(work ) as a waiter in an Italian restauOne of his colleagues in the restauran(4) ( also / look ) for a job

violinist and for the past two months t(5) ( play ) their violins for tcustomers in the restaurant. Their con(6) ( get ) a lot of attention ipress and they (7) ( receivto perform in restaurants all over the cCould this be the beginning of a new

Look at the time expressions in the bWhich ones can we use with for aones with since ? Mark the expressor since (S).

a long time I left schoollast summer about three hoursI started work the last two weeks1996 ages

as long as I can rem

Find four mistakes in the sentences athem. Explain why the verbs are inc

1 I havent been understanding any of explanation.

2 How long have you been studying En3 How long have you been knowing yo

friend?4 How long have you been being in the

classroom?5 How long have you been doing this l6 How long have you been having you

phone?

Work in pairs. Answer questions using expressions with for and

Choose five of the expressions in exand write sentences that are true fora member of your family, using the perfect continuous.

My dads been collecting jazz CDs for I can remember.

V :phrasal verbs with liveComplete the sentences with words from the b ox.

for off on out of through up to

1 I love travelling and Im quite happy livinga suitcase.

2 I dont need much money to live justenough for food and basics.

3 I cant understand people who live theirwork there are more important things in life.

4 You havent really lived if you havent liveddifficult times.

5 I want to live my own life. Im not interested inliving my parents expectations.

6 Theres no point working if you can livesocial security.

. Listen to check your answers.

Work in pairs. Do you agree or disagree with thesentences in exercise ?

RRead the article below about a woman who has moved fromthe city to the country. Answer these questions.

1 What was Zoe doing before she moved?2 Why did she move?3 Is she happy with her decision? Why or why not?

Read the article again and put the phrases ag in

the gaps .a and I just didnt feel like looking for another jobb and a busy social life of expensive restaurants and

late-night clubsc and she blushed with embarrassmentd and I knew I wanted to staye and one of Kathys wonderful dinnersf and says she has no regretsg and she has learnt to drive a tractor

Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. Zoe says that she has no regrets. Do you think that she will

have any regrets later? Are you happy with your lifestyle? Why or why not? Would you like to make a radical change to your lifestyle?

What kind of change?

Like man y o f her colleag ues ,Zoe Chamb ers lived fo r he r work.She was a s ucce ssful PR co nsul tant and life was goi ng w ell she ha d a grea t job, a bea utifu l flat on Londo nsf ashiona ble Kings Road (1) .Then , th e un thin kab le happ ened .One eve ning in J une last yea r, shereceived a te xt m ess age telling h ershe w as o ut o f work.

Sudden ly, as she p ut it , life was he ll.The first tw o week s we re t he m ost difficult to l ive t hrou gh, she sa id.After everything Id do ne f or th ecompan y, th ey f ired me by t ext! I was so ang ry (2) . I hatedeverything a bou t the city and m ylife.Then, Zoe rece ived an invitatio n froman old scho olfriend , Kathy, to comeand sta y. K athy and he r husban d,

Huw, had just bo ugh t a f arm innorth-wes t W ales . Zoe jumpe d a t the chance to spe nd a we eke nd awayfrom Lond on, and now, te n mont hslater, s he i s still on the farm.The mo men t I a rrived a t Kathysf arm, I loved it (3) , saidZoe. Everything abo ut m y past lifesudd enly see me d su perf icial. W henI aske d K athy if I cou ld work for her, she re fused t o ta ke m e s eriously atfirst. She told me how much farm hands get pai d (4) .Zoe has be en w orking on t hefarm since O cto ber of last y ear (5) . Its a h ard life,

physically very tiring, she sa ys. InLond on I was str esse d a nd o ften ment ally exh aust ed. But this is a good , he althy tiredn ess. Here, a ll Ineed to p ut m e in a goo d m ood is a ho t b ath (6) .

After ten mo nths on the farm , Zoesays she has never fe lt b ored . Every day b rings a new exp erie nce . Kathyhas b een tea ching he r ho w to rid e a horse (7) . Since Christmas,she ha s b een help ing with th elambing wat ching a lamb be ing bo rn is incredi ble, she says, Its o neof the mos t m oving ex per ienc esIve ever had. I cou ld neve rgo bac k to city life now. Redun dan cyis the b est t hing that has eve rhapp ene dto m e!

Red u nd a nc y wa s the be st thi n g t hat ever ha p pe ned t o me

Glossarysuperficial adj not deep, serious or important

Moving


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V :metaphor . Listen to a poem from The Lord of the Rings by

JRR Tolkien. What is it about?

1 following 2 with enthusiasm 3 things you must do

The sentences below contain metaphors of life as ajourney. Translate them into your own language.

1 His life took an unexpected turn .2 His life was at a crossroads .3 He and his partner went their separate ways .4 He embarked on a new stage of his life.5 He felt that it was time to move on .6 He realized that there was no turning back .

7 He wanted to take a new direction .8 Suddenly, his life took off .

Complete the text with the phrases in bold in exercise .

Imagine that you have just made a big life chyour imagination or choose one of the ideas

. Write your answers to these questions in What change have you just made? Why did you decide to make this change? How long have you been doing what you are

now doing? What difficulties did you face at the beginnin Are you happy with the change? Are there any aspects you particularly enjoy?

there any that you really dont like?

How long do you think youll continue with tlifestyle?

Work in pairs. Interview your partner about tchange. Find out as much as you can about tlifestyle.

Useful language

I think the most difficult thing was I really didnt know what to expect ... At first I was excited/nervous/unsure ... It took me some time to From the start I really enjoyed/loved/hated Its the best thing Ive ever done! Id recommend it to anyone!

D ?Work in pairs. Read about legal ages and disthe questions.

Are these ages the same or different in your c What do you think the various minimum lega

should be?

SWork in pairs. Look at the list of life-changing eventsbelow and discuss these questions.

Which are the three most important changes? Which is the most difficult decision to make? Which is the easiest change to deal with? Which is the

most stressful? Have you had to make any of these changes in your

life? If yes, what difficulties (if any) d id you face?

From a legal point of view, life in England aWales begins at the age of ten. The law says tchildren from ten upwards can understand thconsequences of their actions. The next big bis at sixteen, when you can leave school, get job and pay tax. You can also leave home andmarried (if your parents agree). At seventeencan drive or ride a small motorbike. At eight

you can get married wit hout your parentspermission and you can finally vote. You canbuy alcohol, smoke, play the National Lotterget a tattoo.

Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. Do you know anyone whose life has taken an

unexpected turn? Have you ever made a decision and felt that there

was no turning back? Have you ever felt that you were at a crossroads in

your life? Have you ever wanted to take a new direction in life?

What did you do?

L. Listen to an interview with a man whose life

has taken a new direction. Answer the questions.

1 How has his life changed?2 How has this changed his day-to-day life?

. Listen again and answer the questions.

1 Why did he decide to leave his job?2 Why didnt his wife leave her job?3 Why did he feel guilty about going to work?4 How long has he been looking after Ben?5 Does he enjoy his new lifestyle? Why or why not?6 Is it an easy lifestyle? Why or why not?7 Would he like to go back to work one day? Why or why

not?

Find these expressions in audioscript . on pages . Explain what the words in italics refer to.

1 It didnt make much sense.

2 We were missing out on it all.3 Neither of us was there to see it .4 It all turns into a game.5 Thats great.

Would you be happy as a stay at home parent? Whyor why not?

T h e R o a d g o e s e v e r o n a n d o n

D o w n f r o m t h e d o o r w h e r e i t b e g a n .

N o w f a r a h e a d t h e R o a d h a s g on e ,

An d I m u s t f o llo w , if I c a n ,Pu r s u in g

1 i t w i t h e a g e r 2 f e e t ,

Un t il i t j o in s s o m e la r g e r w a y

W h e r e m a n y p a t h s a n d e r r a n ds 3 m e e t .

. Listen to the recording to check your answers.

Viggo Mortensen spenthis early childhood on a farmin Argentina, but, at the age ofeleven, his life (1) .His parents decided to go(2) and Viggo went toNew York with his mother. Aftergraduating from university, Viggos life was (3) . Hechose to go to Europe, but after

two years, he decided it was time to (4) again. Hereturned to New York where he (5) and becamean actor. He soon got roles in films with top directorsand it became clear that there was (6) . His careerreally (7) when he starred in The Lord of the Rings. At about the same time, Mortensens life took(8) when he founded a publishi ng company.

Li

Life changes


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Read the article again and put the topics in the correctorder.

Florries childhood her husband Florries secret for a long life Florries health the changes that Florrie has seen preparations for her birthday party

Work in pairs, A and B. Test your partners memory.

A: Turn to page . Ask your partner the questions.

B: Turn to page . Ask your partner the questions.Would you like to live to be years old? Why or why not?

G : present perfect continuous Use the present perfect continuous to talk about an action that has been in progress

recently. The action may or may not still b e in progress. They ve been planning the party for weeks. They ve been decorating the living room. to emphasize an action, or the duration of an action. They ve been writing invitations all day.

Use the present perfect simple (not the continuous) to talk about the result of an action. They ve written more than a hundred invitations. to talk about single, completed actions. The chef has baked a special cake.

F P PS ,

S L R

Complete the text. Put the verbs in brackets into thepresent perfect simple or continuous.

Its my mum and dads golden wedding anniversary nextweekend. We (1) ( arrange ) a surprise party forthem for the last three months. We (2) ( book )a room in a local hotel and we (3) ( order ) anenormous cake with a photo of their wedding on top.We (4) ( work ) hard trying to get in touch withfriends and family from all over the world and so far we(5) ( receive ) more than 50 replies to ourinvitations. Mum and Dad suspect that we (6)( plan ) something special, but they dont really knowwhat. I know that Mum (7) ( think ) verycarefully about their outfits. She (8) ( buy ) a newdress and she (9) ( persuade ) my dad that heneeds a new suit.

Work in pairs. Look at the picture. Write sentences as possible to say what the peopbeen doing recently.

Theyve been preparing food for the party.

SWork in two groups, A and B. You are goabout the changes that have taken place inlifetime.

Group A: Look at the questions on page Group B: Look at the questions on page

Use your notes and the Useful language tyou report back to the class on your discu

Useful language

Our group has been discussing We spent a lot of time talking about We think that the biggest changes have been We agreed that the We thought it was particularly interesting tha

S & : life stagesMatch the sentences to the pictures AG.

1 He retired many years ago and lives in a home forthe elderly .

2 Hes a pensioner now, but hes still very active.3 Hes a toddler .4 Hes a typical adolescent .5 Shes middle-aged , probably in her late forties or

early fifties.6 Shes still a teenager , but shes very adult in some

ways.7 Shes thirty something and shes got two young

children.

Use the words in bold in exercise to make sentencesabout people you know. Talk about these people with apartner.

Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. Which stage of life do you associate with the following

adjectives: wise, rebellious, overworked, lively,irresponsible, happy, bored?

Which stage are you in at the moment? What are theadvantages and disadvantages of being your age?

Which stage are you most looking forward to? Why?

R You are going to read an article about a woman who iscelebrating her th birthday. Answer the questions.

1 How do you think shes going to celebrate her birthday?

2 In what way has the world changed since she was ayoung girl? What do you think are the changes thathave shocked her most?

Read the article and compare your ideasto the information in the article. Has Florrieled a happy life?

F lorence Baldwin says that eating afried egg sandwich every morninghas helped her live so long. Thatand the occasional glass of sherry.

Englands oldest woman, who has livedin three centuries, is today celebratingher 113th birthday surrounded by fourgenerations of her family. She is fit and

healthy and does not need any regular medication. Hershort-term memory is fading, but her long-term memoryis still going strong. She still remembers seeing QueenVictoria when she was four, and being amazed when shefirst saw a car.

Her family put her long life down to hard work and astrong character. She started working at the age of sixteenand didnt retire until she was 75. For most of her workinglife she walked up and down a long steep hill twice a dayand her doctor is sure that this is part of the secret of herhealth and long life.

Its wonderful to be the oldest lady in Britain, she said,but to be honest I dont remember how old I am most ofthe time.

Her friends and family have been preparing a specialcelebration for her in the nursing home where she lives.The nursing home staff have been working hard to preparefor the special day. The chef has b aked a special cake with113 iced flowers. All four generations of the family will bethere, including her daughter, Maisie, who is a youthful 88.

Florrie was born in Leeds, one of a family of eight.In 1919 she married painter and decorator CliffordBaldwin. They had one daughter and lived happily togetheruntil he died at the age of 73. She continued to live intheir three-bedroom house until the age of 105, fiercelyindependent, cooking and cleaning for herself until shefinally moved to a nursing home eight years ago. She wasborn before telephones, televisions and washing machineswere invented and has seen 27 prime ministers, four kings,two queens and two world wars.

Florrie has one daughter, two grandsons, six greatgrandchildren and five great-great grandchildren. All thefamily have been helping with the preparations for theparty and everybody is looking forward to toasting herincredible life with aglass of bucks fizz,and helping Florrie

blow out her 113candles.

Florrie prepares to celebrateher 113 th birthday

Glossarysherry n a kind of strong winefade v slowly become less clearbucks fizz n a drink of

champagne and orange juice

A

B

C

D

GF E

Happ

Happy birthday


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V :exclamations with what Match the comments to an appropriateresponse ah.

1 I thought it was something serious, but the doctor saidit was nothing really.

2 and then he said that Slovakia was the capital of theCzech Republic!

3 Youll never guess what! For the first time in my life, hebought me some flowers!

4 Mum! Look, Ive got tomato ketchup all over myT-shirt. And on my trousers, too.

5 I thought we were going to win, but the other teamscored a goal in the last minute.

6 So, shes lost her job, her husbands left her and nowshes broken her leg!

7 There was no hot water this morning, so I couldnthave a shower.

8 I cant remember his address. Oh, I know, Ill see if itsin the phone book.

a What a good idea! e What a relief!b What a mess! f What a shame!c What a nightmare! g What a surprise!d What a nuisance! h What an idiot!

Work in pairs. Think of four situations in whichsomebody would say these things.

What a day! What a waste of time! What a night! What bad luck!

P :intonation (fee. Listen to this extract from Lynn and

dialogue. Choose the best explanation of the what in the extract.

1 I didnt hear you very well.2 Im really angry with you.3 Im really surprised.

. Now listen to these three words.Match each word to a feeling from the box.

1 hello 2 right 3 yesanger surprise happinessboredom interest

Practise saying the words inexercise with as many differentfeelings as you can.

Self-assessment ( )I can understand a discussionabout personal problems.I can talk about personal problems.I can give advice.

SRead the three situations. Who has the mostdifficult decision to make?

Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. What advice would you give the three people

in exercise 1? Have you ever had an important or difficult

decision to make? What was it?

L & :giving advice

. Listen to a dialogue between Lynn (from Speakingexercise ) and Carl, a close friend. Answer the questions.

1 What is Lynns main worry?2 What does Carl suggest?3 What does she think about his suggestions?

. Listen to the dialogue between Lynn and Carl again.Complete the sentences in column A with a phrase fromcolumn B.

A1 I think you should2 Why dont you3 What you need to do is4 Have you thought about5 If I were you, Id6 Theres no harm in7 Why not

Ba call them right now.b change the date of the wedding?c explain to him how important this is to you.d go and see him in the morning?e speaking to his parents first?

f take it.g telling him.

Find the highlighted responses in audioscript . on page. Match the responses to the advice in exercise .

Rearrange the words to make six pieces of advice.

1 her dinner take why out to you dont ?2 wants she harm asking no what theres

her in .3 flowers were Id her get you if some I .4 weekend to away need what do take her

you is for the .5 should theatre her the some g et I tickets

think you for .6 gift thought voucher giving have her you

about a ?

Read the advice in exercise again. What do you think has

happened? Why is the p erson giving this advice?Work in pairs, A and B. Perform the roleplay.

A: You want some advice about a problem. Turn to page . B: You want to help your friend with a problem. Turn to page .

Now exchange roles.

A: Turn to page . B: Turn to page .

A t a C r o s s r o a d s

E i g h t e e n - y e a r - o l d S t e v e r e c e i v e s t w o l e t t e r s . I n t he f i r s t , t he r e i s

an o f f e r o f a p l ac e a t a t o p u n i v e r s i t y . H e

has w o n a s c ho l ar s hi p and a l l hi s f e e s w i l l

b e p a i d . I n t he s e c o nd l e t t e r , he r e c e i v e s an

o f f e r o f a p r o f e s s i o nal c o n t r ac t w i t h a t o p

L o nd o n f o o t b a l l c l u b . H e c an t d o b o t h .

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e d t o b e m a r r i e d. A

t w o r k, s h e

i s o f f e r e d p r o m o t i o n, b u t t h e

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v e l l i n g s o m e t i m e s s h e

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f a s h i o n e d v a l u e s a

n d L y n n i s a f r a i d t

h a t h e

w i l l n o t b e h a p p y a

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.

G a b i t a ( M e x i c a n

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( B r i t i s h ) l i v e i n M

e x i c o. G a b i t a h a s a

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M e x i c o.

Dilemmas


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W

Phrasal verbs with livelive for (sth) /lv f(r)/live off (sth/sb) /lv f/live on (sth) /lv n/live out of (sth) /lv at v/live through (sth) /lv ru/live up to (sth) /lv p t/

Metaphorat a crossroads /t krsrdz/embark on a /mb(r)k n new stage of life nju sted v laf/go their separate ways /g e(r)

sep()rt wez/his life took off /hz laf tk f/move on /muv n/no turning back /n t(r)n bk/take a new direction /tek nju

drek()n/take an /tek n unexpected turn nkspektd

t(r)n/

Life stagesadolescent adj/n C /dles()nt/

adult n C/adj *** /dlt; dlt/elderly adj *** /eld(r)li/in your early /n j(r) (r)li /late forties /let f(r)tiz/middle-aged adj * /md()ledd/pensioner n C ** /pen()n(r)/retired adj * /rta(r)d/teenager n C ** /tined(r)/toddler n C * /tdl(r)/

Exclamations with what What a good idea! /wt gd ad/What a day! /wt de/What a mess! /wt mes/What a night! /wt nat/What a nightmare! /wt natme(r)/What a nuisance! /wt njus()ns/What a relief! /wt rlif/What a shame! /wt em/What a surprise! /wt s(r)praz/What a waste of time! /wt west v

tam/What bad luck! /wt bd lk/What an idiot! /wt n dt/

Other words & phrasesanniversary n C ** /nv(r)s()ri/bake v * /bek/ballistic adj /blstk/basically adv ** /beskli/blow out v /bl at/blush v * /bl/boss n C *** /bs/candle n C ** /knd()l/

childcare n U /taldke(r)/consequence n C *** /knskwns/consultant n C ** /knsltnt/contract n C *** /kntrkt/decorator n C /dekret(r)/embarrassment n U * /mbrsmnt/expectation n C *** /ekspekte()n/fade v ** /fed/farm hand n C /f(r)mhnd/fee n C *** /fi/fiercely adv /f(r)sli/fire v *** /fa(r)/found v *** /fand/generation n C *** /denre()n/get in touch with (sb) /get n tt w/graduate n C / v ** /rdut;

rduet/guilty adj *** /lti/hell n U *** /hel/hill n C *** /hl/iced adj /ast/invitation n C ** /nvte()n/irresponsible adj /rspnsb()l/lamb n C ** /lm/make sense /mek sens/medication n U /medke()n/mentally adv /ment()li/miss out on (sth) v /ms at n/moving adj ** /muv/nappy n C /npi/nursery n C ** /n(r)s()ri/orchestra n C ** /(r)kstr/outfit n C * /atft/overworked adj /v(r)w(r)kt/playgroup n C /plerup/PR (public relations) /pi (r)/promotion n C/U *** /prm()n/put two and two /pt tu n tu together tge(r)/radical adj ** /rdk()l/rebellious adj /rbeljs/redundancy n C ** /rdndnsi/regret v/n C ** /rret/scholarship n C * /skl(r)p/sherry n U /eri/social security n U * /s()l skjrti/steep adj ** /stip/

stressful adj /stsuperficial adj * /sususpect v *** /stake (sth/sb) seriously /tetattoo n C /ttoast v /ttractor n C /trtravel expenses n pl /tr

unsure adj * /nunthinkable adj /nviolinist n C /vwise adj ** /wayouthful adj /ju

GPresent perfect continuousWe can use the present perfect continuous to talk aboutactions which started in the past and are still in progressnow.

I ve been studying geography for two years.(= Im still studying geography.)

To describe the period of time between the start of theaction and now, we can use for and since . We use for + anexpression that describes the length of time.

for five years/a long time/the last two years/three weeks

We use since + an expression that refers to the time whenthe action started.

since two oclock/last year/2002/I met you

We use how long in questions to ask about the length oftime.

How long have you been living here?

We also use the present perfect continuous to talk about anaction that has been in progress recently. The action may ormay not still be in progress.

Shes been getting ready for the party.They ve been swimming in the river.

We use the present perfect continuous to emphasize theaction itself, or the duration of the action. However, we use

the present perfect simple (not the continuous) to talk aboutthe result of the action.

Shes been writing letters.(Here the speaker is interested in the action of writing.)Shes written 50 letters.(Here the speaker is interested in the result of the action the number of letters that have been completed.)

We also use the present perfect simple (not the continuous)to talk about single, completed actions.

Shes chosen a new outfit.They ve booked a holiday.

affirmative & negative I/You/We/They ve/havent been working. He/She s/hasnt

question

What have I/you/we/they been d oing? has he/she

We use the present perfect simple (not the continuous) withstative verbs.

I ve been here since last autumn.Not Ive been being here.

For more information about stative verbs and continuousverb forms, see unit 1 (Language reference page 14).

For more information about the present perfect simple, seeunit 2 (Language reference page 24).

F Giving advice

Have you thought about + - ing form? Have you tried + - ing form? I think you should + infinitive If I were you, Id + infinitiveTheres no harm in + - ing formWhat you need to do is + infinitiveWhy dont you + infinitive?

Language

Language reference

straightforward intermediate unit 7

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