strangeness (and heavy flavor) at rhic recent results from phenix

Masashi Kaneta, RIKEN-BNL Research Center, “Strangeness at RHIC : Recent Results from PHENIX”

1

Recent Resultsfrom PHENIX

Masashi Kaneta RIKEN-BNL Research Center

Masashi Kaneta RIKEN-BNL Research Centerfor the PHENIX collaboration

Strangeness (and heavy flavor) at RHIC

Recent Resultsfrom PHENIX

Strangeness (and heavy flavor) at RHIC


2

Outlook of this talkOutlook of this talk

• PHENIX experiment

• Future strangeness and heavy flavor measurement at PHENIX– Charged hadron identification at high pT: Aerogel Cherenkov Counter

– Upgrade around vertex : Silicon Vertex, Hadron Blind Detector, TPCNosecone Calorimeter

• Recent results from PHENIX– Event anisotropy

• 62.4GeV Au+Au : , K, p, and p (comparing with 200GeV)• 200 GeV Au+Au : Heavy flavor electron

– Single particle spectra of • 200GeV d+Au and 200GeV Au+Au

– Anti-Pentaquark search and capability of the other strangeness• 200GeV p+p, d+Au, and Au+Au

– Heavy Flavor Results from PHENIX• See talk of H. Pereira (Saclay) on Sep. 17 (Fri)

• Summary


3

USA Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TXBrookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NYUniversity of California - Riverside, Riverside, CAUniversity of Colorado, Boulder, COColumbia University, Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NYFlorida State University, Tallahassee, FLFlorida Technical University, Melbourne, FLGeorgia State University, Atlanta, GAUniversity of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, ILIowa State University and Ames Laboratory, Ames, IALos Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NMLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CaUniversity of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NMNew Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NMDept. of Chemistry, Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NYDept. Phys. and Astronomy, Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TNUniversity of Tennessee, Knoxville, TNVanderbilt University, Nashville, TN

Brazil University of São Paulo, São PauloChina Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

China Institute of Atomic Energy, BeijingPeking University, Beijing

France LPC, University de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-FerrandDapnia, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-YvetteIPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, OrsayLLR, Ecòle Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, PalaiseauSUBATECH, Ecòle des Mines at Nantes, Nantes

Germany University of Münster, MünsterHungary Central Research Institute for Physics (KFKI), Budapest

Debrecen University, DebrecenEötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest

India Banaras Hindu University, BanarasBhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay

Israel Weizmann Institute, RehovotJapan Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Tokyo

Hiroshima University, Higashi-HiroshimaKEK, Institute for High Energy Physics, TsukubaKyoto University, KyotoNagasaki Institute of Applied Science, NagasakiRIKEN, Institute for Physical and Chemical Research, WakoRIKEN-BNL Research Center, Upton, NYRikkyo University, TokyoTokyo Institute of Technology, TokyoUniversity of Tsukuba, TsukubaWaseda University, Tokyo

S. Korea Cyclotron Application Laboratory, KAERI, SeoulKangnung National University, KangnungKorea University, SeoulMyong Ji University, Yongin CitySystem Electronics Laboratory, Seoul Nat. University, SeoulYonsei University, Seoul

Russia Institute of High Energy Physics, ProtovinoJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, DubnaKurchatov Institute, MoscowPNPI, St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. PetersburgSt. Petersburg State Technical University, St. Petersburg

Sweden Lund University, Lund

12 Countries; 58 Institutions; 480 Participants*

*as of January 2004


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PHENIXPHENIX• Collision vertex and centrality

– Beam-Beam Counters (BBC)– Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDC)

• Tracking of Charged particle– Drift Chambers (DC)– Pad Chambers (PC1, PC2, PC3)

• , K, p, d, ... ID by Time-Of-Flight– Start timing from BBC– Stop timing from

High resolution TOF detectors (TOF)TOF from Lead Scintillator EMCal (PbSc)

• Electron ID– Ring Image Cherenkov (RICH) detectors– EMCal (PbSc, PbGl)

• Photon (0, , ...)– EMCal (PbSc, PbGl)

• Muon– Muon Tracker (MuTr)

Cathode-strip readout chamber

– Muon Identifier (MuID)Streamer (Iarocci) tube and steel


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Publication about Strangeness and Heavy Publication about Strangeness and Heavy FlavorFlavor

• Single Identified Hadron Spectra from sNN = 130 GeV Au+Au Collisions– K. Adcox et al., Phys. Rev. C 69, 024904 (2004)

• Centrality dependence of , K, p andp production from sNN =130 GeV Au+Au collisions

at RHIC– K. Adcox et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 242301 (2002)

• Measurement of the and particles in Au+Au Collisions at sNN =130 GeV– K. Adcox et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 092302 (2002)

• Identified Charged Particle Spectra and Yields in Au+Au Collisions at sNN = 200 GeV – S. S. Adler et al., Phys. Rev. C 69, 034909 (2004)

• Elliptic Flow of Identified Hadrons in Au+Au Collisions at sNN = 200 GeV– S.S. Adler et al, Phys.Rev.Lett. 91 182301 (2003)

• Measurement of Single Electrons and Implications for Charm Production in Au+Au Collisions

at sNN =130 GeV– K. Adcox et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 192303 (2002)

• J/ production from proton-proton collisions at s = 200 GeV– S.S. Adler et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 051802 (2004)

• J/ Production in Au-Au Collisions at sNN =200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider– S.S. Adler et al., Phys. Rev. C 69, 014901 (2004)


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Bulk Properties at RHIC Bulk Properties at RHIC

• What we learnt from RHIC?– Low pT (<~2GeV/c) phenomena

• Thermalization– Elliptic Flow

» Agreement with Hydrodynamical calculations– Chemical freeze-out

» The model well describes the data and strangeness equilibration at RHIC– Radial Flow

» Single spectra of , K, p are described by common temperature and flow velocity

– Intermediate and high pT (>~2GeV/c) phenomena• Dense matter effect in Au+Au collisions

– High pT suppression in single particle spectra

– Back-to-Back jet suppression

• Different effect in Baryon/meson– Mass scaling?– Due to number of consistent quarks?– Any difference in flavor (between light quark (u,d) and s)?

Topics relatedto this talk


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Elliptic FlowElliptic Flow


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Elliptic Flow at 62.4 GeV Au+AuElliptic Flow at 62.4 GeV Au+Au

• Identified particle v2 from 62.4 GeV Au+Au– Looks similar , K, p dependence with 200GeV Au+Au– With more statistics, we will be able to do detail analyses

• Centrality dependence• More particle species (How about , etc.?)

v 2

pT [GeV/c]

PHENIX preliminary

sNN = 62.4 GeV Au+Au centrality : 0-84%

stat. error onlysys. error <20%

v 2

pT [GeV/c]

Charged ,K,p : PRL91, 182301 (2003)0 : work in progress

sNN = 200 GeV Au+Au centrality : 0-92%

stat. error onlysys. error <15%


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Elliptic flow : Elliptic flow : nnquarkquark Scaling Scaling

• A scaling of number of constituent quark– Quark coalescence picture

stat. error onlysys. error <20% (62GeV) 15% (200GeV)

62.4 GeV Au+Au: PHENIX preliminary200 GeV Au+Au, charged p,K,p : from PRL 0 : work in progress

pT /nquark [GeV/c]

v 2 /n

quar

k• 62.4GeV Au+Au– The scaling looks

working like 200 GeV Au+Au

– Seems to be slightly lower than 200 GeV in pT/nquark<1 GeV/c


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vv22 of Heavy Flavor Electrons of Heavy Flavor Electrons

• v2 of Heavy flavor electron– Looks consistent with/without charm flow– We hope that run4 data will give an answer

0 1 2 3 40 1 2 3 4pT [GeV/c]

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0

-0.05

-0.1

v 2

bin width

systematic errors ofestimation

Inclusive e± v2(statistical error only)

Heavy flavor e± v2100% of “photonic electron”

“r (pT)” “ ”

sNN = 200 GeV Au+Au centrality : 0-92%

Photonic electron : e± from• Dalitz decay of 0, , , • di-electron decays , , • photon conversions• kaon decays ( e)

r : photonic electron

/ inclusive electron

Glossary

v2inclusive-e - r v2

photo-electron

1 – r

v2heavy-flavor-e

=

Estimation of v2Heavy Flavore± v2

w/ charm floww/o charm flow

V. Greco, C.M. Ko, R. Rappnucl-th/0312100

Hor. bar : stat. err.

Box : total sys. err.

work in progress


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mesonmeson


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measurement at PHENIXmeasurement at PHENIX

• Both K+K- and e+e- channel are available– K : mass square from Time-of-Flight from TOF detector and EMCal– e : RICH and EMCal

Kaon ID : TOF of PbSc EMCal

work in progress

Cou

nts

/ bi

n

S ~ 120S/B = 1/4

Cou

nts

/ bi

n

Invariant mass [GeV/c2] Invariant mass [GeV/c2]

K+K-e+e-

work in progress

Run3 sNN = 200 GeV d+Au


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Single Particle Spectra of Single Particle Spectra of ]

)[(

GeV

/c

2

12-

22

dydm

Nd

mT

T

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

mT – mass [GeV/c2]

1

10-1

10-2

10-3

10-4

10-5

10

PHENIX final datato be submitted to PRC

sNN = 200 GeV Au+Au

K+K-


0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

10-1

10-2

10-3

10-4

10-5

PHENIX preliminary

sNN = 200 GeV d+Au, Min. Bias

e+e-

K+K-


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Inverse Slope Parameter and Yield of Inverse Slope Parameter and Yield of

• Extracting inverse slope parameter and yield– Using a fit function

m)/T(m e

m)TTπ

dN/dy

dydm

Nd

mπT

TT

( 2

2

2

1

Inverseslopeparameter

yield


0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

10-1

10-2

10-3

10-4

10-5

PHENIX preliminary

sNN = 200 GeV d+Au, Min. Bias

e+e-

K+K-

stat. err. only

])

[(G

eV

/c

2

12-

22

dy

dm

Nd

mT

T

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3


1

10-1

10-2

10-3

10-4

10-5

10


sNN = 200 GeV Au+Au

K+K-

stat. err. only


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Inverse Slope Parameter and Yield of Inverse Slope Parameter and Yield of

• Inverse slope of – Flat as a function of <Npart>

• Over d+Au and Au+Au• Within statistics +

systematic error

• Yield of – Increasing with <Npart>

– Not simple linear of <Npart>

<Npart>

Inve

rse

Slo

pe P

ara

met

er [

Me

V] 200 GeV d+Au (preliminary)

200 GeV Au+Au w/ centrality cut 200GeV Au+Au Min. Bias



0 100 200 300 0 100 200 300

dN/d

y

<Npart> <Npart>

(dN

/dy)

/ (

2<N

pa

rt>

)

200 GeV d+Au (preliminary)

200 GeV Au+Au w/ centrality cut

200GeV Au+Au Min. Bias




16

Com

puted by Akio K

iyomichi (2003 D

NP

/ 2004 JPS

meeting)

Radial flowRadial flow

• Single particle spectra of , K, p,p– Well described by Blast wave mode (E.Schnedermann et al, PRC48, 2462 (1993)) fit– Common thermal freeze-out temperature and flow velocity for , K, p,p– How about for phi meson?

Fit range : mT – mass < 1 GeV/c2


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Does Does has same has same TTfofo and < and <TT> with > with , , KK, , pp ? ?

• Simultaneous fit– The 2 contour plot for each particle

200 GeV Au+Au, 40-92%

• Within 3 – Overlap of with , K, p– Large area of 2 contour for

• Because of larger statistical error (i.e. smaller 2) of than , K, p

• Need more statistics to conclude

Fit rangemT -mass < 1 GeV/c2

, K, p,p

, K, p,p,

200 GeV Au+Au, 10-40%200 GeV Au+Au, top 10%

3 2

1


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Does Does has same has same TTfofo and < and <TT> with > with , , KK, , pp ? ?

• Simultaneous fit by , K, p,p and – Seems to be common Tfo and <T>

– But don’t hurry up to conclude– Again, need more statistics

Fit range mT -mass < 1 GeV/c2

200GeV Au+Au, K, p : PHENIX, PRC 69, 034909 (2004) : PHENIX final (to be submitted to PRC)


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Intermediate Intermediate ppTT phenomena phenomena

• Energy loss effect in proton at intermediate pT is different from pion

– Note : Those are expected to be merged at very high pT

(=R

cp)

Y

ield

(0

– 1

0%

) /

Nco

ll(0

– 1

0%

)

Yie

ld (

40

– 9

2%

) /

Nco

ll(4

0 –

92

%)

pT [GeV/c2]

• Rcp of is close to pion rather than proton

– Address a scaling of number of constituent quarks

– Statistical error is still large

• Need more statistic

Shown in PHENIX white paper sNN = 200 GeV Au+Au


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Exotic Particle Exotic Particle SearchSearch

in RHIC Energyin RHIC Energyat PHENIXat PHENIX


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Anti-Pentaquark SearchAnti-Pentaquark Search

• Motivation: Why anti-pentaquark?– If a particle exists, anti-particle does– Anti-Baryon to Baryon ratio is high (>~0.7) at RHIC energy

• Channel– K+ +n– PHENIXn measurement is unique at RHIC (so far)

• Large energy deposit in EMCal• Not photon-like shower shape• No charged track association on the candidate• Momentum reconstruction from Time-Of-Flight

Summary table from hep-ex/0406077

• Pentaquark state is still not established yet

– Many positive results– Many negative results

• How about at PHENIX?– So far, negative with current statistics

– We report a summary of the search in

s(NN) =200 GeV p+p, d+Au, Au+Au


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Reliability of Anti-Reliability of Anti-nn Candidate Candidate

• Anti-n momentum resolution checked

– Applying the reconstruction method to anti-proton

• Comparison of momentum from TOF and tracking

– Resolution<4%,10%,15% in pT<1.0, 1.5, 2.0 GeV/c,

respectively

– Momentum shift <~5%

pT [GeV/c]

mas

s pe

ak [G

eV/c

]

Marker : Data

Dash line : MC

-

+

mas

s fr

om P

DG

– Invariant mass peak of

-(1189.4) n + - : R.R. 99.85%, c-= 2.396cm

+(1197.4) n + + : B.R. 48.31%, c+= 4.434cm

• Mass shift due to no TOF calibration for n in EMCal is <~5%• Quick check by Monte-Carlo shows agreement with data

- +

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Cou

nts

/ bin

n + - n + +

No pT cut No pT cut

200 GeV p+p 200 GeV p+p

Same eventhigh pT photon trigger

Mixed eventMinBias trigger

Invariant mass [GeV/c2]


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K K + + ++nn in in pp ++pp, d+Au, Au+Au, d+Au, Au+Au•Run3 s = 200 GeV p+p

– Minimum bias trigger– 35 M events– 5 MeV/c2 per bin

work-in progressSame event

Mixed event

Cou

nts

/ bin

work in progress

•Run3 sNN = 200 GeV d+Au– Minimum bias trigger– 91 M events– 5 MeV/c2 per bin

Same event

Mixed event

Cou

nts

/ bin

Top 30% central 30-50% 50-92%

work in progress

work in progress

work in progress

Same event

Mixed event

•Run2 sNN = 200GeV Au+Au– Minimum bias trigger

– 36M events– 4 MeV/c2 per bin

Cou

nts

/ bin

No significant signal seen


24

More Strangeness at PHENIXMore Strangeness at PHENIX

• From combinations of ±, K±, p,p, andn


0

K0s pT =1-2 GeV/c


pT =1-2 GeV/c


K*0

pT =1-2 GeV/c


Not enoughstatistics..

pT =1-2 GeV/c


pT =1-2 GeV/c


pT =1-2 GeV/c


pT =1-2 GeV/c

• Demonstration from– Run3 sNN =200 GeV p+p

– ~24M events of Min Bias trigger

• Blue histograms– Pair from save event

• Red histograms– Combinatorial back ground

from event mixing from Min. Bias trigger

– Normalization range» solid filled area


25

Future Measurement Future Measurement of Strangeness of Strangeness

and Heavy Flavorand Heavy Flavorat PHENIXat PHENIX


26

Aerogel Cherenkov CounterAerogel Cherenkov Counter

• Modules for half sector are installed in 2003– Left half modules are already installed in July 2004

• Enhancement of PID capability at PHENIX– Proton separation from /K up to p = 7 GeV/c

chargedtrack

160 segments

z (beam

) dire

ction

Azim

uthal angle

Half of th

em in

2003

Reflector (Goretex) PMT

(3 inch)

Aerogel (index~1.011) （ 11x22x20

cm3 ）

Integration Cube (Air)PMT(3 inch)


27

PID Plot with Aerogel Cherenkov PID Plot with Aerogel Cherenkov CounterCounter

• With(without) requiring Cherenkov light associated to the track

– We can see pion enhancement (rejection)

– It will be functional to study intermediate pT range

Aerogel Required (Np.e.>3 in each PMT) Aerogel Veto (Np.e.<1 in each PMT)

Peak position(calibration is not perfect yet)Experimental resolution (2-sigma) line

Statistics used for this analysis is less than 4% of total data from run4


28

Upgrade Plan around VertexUpgrade Plan around Vertex

= 1.17

= 0.88

= 0.70

= 0.35

Provides tracking coverage over -2.6 < < 2.6

• Silicon Vertex detector and TPC– Enhancement of momentum resolution– Measurement of in-flight-decay particle

• Will reduce background at high pT

= 2.6

• Nosecone Calorimeter– Jet measurement in

forward region

• Hadron Blind Detector(not shown in the plot)

– Surrounds TPC– Electron ID by

Cherenkov radiation detected by a photocathode layer


29

SummarSummaryy


30

SummarySummary• Elliptic flow of charged , K, p from 62.4 GeV Au+Au

– Similar , K, p dependence with 200GeV Au+Au

– Quark coalescence picture still works in pT /nquark<1 GeV/c

• Heavy flavor electron from 200 GeV Au+Au– Consistent with/without Charm flow

• Cross section of meson– 200GeV d+Au and Au+Au

• Less <Npart> dependence of inverse slope parameter (from mT exponential fit)

• dN/dy increases with <Npart>, but liner scaling

– Study of blast wave model fit• There is overlap of (Tfo, <T>) of with , K, p

– But large range of within-3-sigma of – need more statistics for detail analysis

– Rcp is close to pion’s• support quark number scaling not mass

• Anti-Pentaquark search at PHENIX– No significant signal in 200 GeV p+p, d+Au, Au+Au

• It might be due to S/N ratio is poor at PHENIX• Because of no significant peak of (1520)

– With mixing-event technique, we will have the other strangeness

• New detectors– Aerogel Cherenkov counters are installed

• PHENIX PID capability (proton separation from /K) will be increased up to pT=7 GeV/c

– Silicon VTX, HBD, TPC will come to help electron measurements


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About Sound Between SectionsAbout Sound Between Sections

You hear sound between sections. That is from “Noh” which is Japanese traditional lyrical drama. “Noh” is completed as current style about 800 years ago in Muromachi shogunate era. The voice is “Yohhhh.” Following that, the sound of musical instrument “Pon” is hit of “Tsuzumi” which is Japanese hand drum. The voice and sound of Tsuzumi are used for adjustment of timing and atmosphere of a serif, and changing a scene. Therefore, I used it for changing section and subject.

By the way, the opening music is not traditional. I borrowed it from a recent Japanese drama.

Masashi KanetaYoh Pon

Yohhh Po Po Pon

Click them {


32

BackupBackup


33

BBC Reaction Plane ResolutionBBC Reaction Plane Resolution<cos(2[BBCN-BBCS])><sin(2[BBCN-BBCS])>

BBC Charge sum

Cor

rela

tion

Cor

rela

tion

200 GeV Au+Au

62.4 GeV Au+Au


34

1/”r”1/”r”In

clus

ive

elec

tron

/ ph

oton

ic e

lect

ron


35

Heavy flavor electron v2Heavy flavor electron v2

).(2.)(2)(2 pnpnppee vNvNvN

. pnpe NNN {

)(

).(2)(2).(2.)(2

)(2e

pnpepp

e

pnpnpp

e N

vNNvN

N

vNvNv

).(2)(2 1 pne

pp

e

p vN

Nv

N

N

).(2)(2 1 pnp vrvr

inclusive electronphotonic electronnon-photonic (=heavy flavor) electron


36

Anti-Neutron PIDAnti-Neutron PID

1 channel 5.5cm

Ene

rgy

depo

sit/

tow

er [

GeV

]

0.5GeV photon

0.5GeV anti-n

MC

MC Ene

rgy

charge EMC TOF

- +

K- K+

pbar p

all charged tracks Data

Energy depositof absorption


37

PID Capability with ACCPID Capability with ACC

Run4 Au+Au 200GeV

K

TOF Aerogel (+ TOF or RICH) RICH

Momentum[GeV/c]

Kp

1 2 3 4 5 6 70.5 2.5

~104.2

Aerogel : (n=1.011.)TOF : 100 ps time resolutionRICH : CO2, (n = 1.00041)

5.53.7


38

STAR PHENIXSTAR PHENIX

])

[(G

eV

/c

2

12-

22

dy

dm

Nd

mT

T

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3


1

10-1

10-2

10-3

10-4

10-5

10


sNN = 200 GeV Au+Au

K+K-

STAR 200GeV Au+Au from preprint


39


0 100 200 300 0 100 200 300

dN/d

y

<Npart> <Npart>

(dN

/dy)

/ (2

<N

part>

)

200 GeV d+Au (preliminary)

200 GeV Au+Au w/ centrality cut

200GeV Au+Au Min. Bias



STAR 200GeV Au+Au from preprint

<Npart>

Inve

rse

Slo

pe P

aram

eter

[MeV

]

200 GeV d+Au (preliminary) 200 GeV Au+Au w/ centrality cut 200GeV Au+Au Min. Bias




40


pT<~1 GeV/c

strangeness (and heavy flavor) at rhic recent results from phenix

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