strata it training chapter 8 upgrading hardware. when to upgrade poor performance out of disk space...

Strata IT Training

Chapter 8

Upgrading Hardware

When to Upgrade• Poor performance• Out of disk space • Application(s) fail to load

– Need more RAM

• System crashes– Critical errors

• Hardware failure• Device Drivers

– BSoD (Blue Screen of Death)– Spontaneous reboot– Internet access problems – Electrical storms

• MalwareComputer Technology Training

2Strata IT Chapter 8 - Upgrading Hardware

External Expansion Ports (167)

• DVI– Digital video

• VGA– 15-pin Analog

• Firewire– IEEE1394a 1394b

• Parallell– IEEE 1284

• PS/2 (keyboard/mouse)

Computer Technology Training


External Port Comparison



Legacy PortsParallel

• 25-pin• Used for older Printers• Mode Settings in BIOS

• SPP – – Original

• ECP – – Uses DMA for high

speed

– Symmetric

• EPP – – IEEE 1284 standard

– Asymmetric



Legacy PortsSerial Port

• RS-232• DB-9 Connector

– 9-pin – D shaped connector

• Used for older devices– Terminals– Used by early mice– Special network devices– Test equipment



USB Ports

• Hot swappable• Regular USB (USB 1.1)

– 1.5 to 12 Mbps

• Hi-speed USB (USB 2)– Bust of up to 280 Mbps

– Backward compatible with Regular USB

• “This device can perform faster … “ message

• Superspeed USB (USB 3)– Up to 5 Gbps

– Blue port colorComputer Technology Training


USB Ports Types

• Type A• Type B• Mini-A• Mini-B• Micro-A• Micro-AB



Firewire

• Hot swappable

• IEEE 1394a– 400 Mbps– 64 devices

• IEEE 1394b– 800 Mbps or up to 1600 Mbps possible

• Video streaming

• CamcordersComputer Technology Training


External SATA

• External Serial ATA– eSATA

• High speed – Much faster than Firewire or USB

• 150 – 300 MBps

– Designed for external disk drives and blu-ray disks

– Up to 2 meters cable length– Hot-swapable



Wireless Interfaces

• Proprietary Wireless– 2.4 MHz – Devices not compatible with other manufactures– USB receiver for computer– Keyboard/mouse– Up to 6 feet

• Bluetooth– Industry Standard – compatible with all bluetooth devices– Built into many portable computers and devices– Connect bluetooth devices to form a Personal Area Network

(PAN)– Often used with phones for headsets and headphones



Selecting Right External Port Connection

• Check video connection type– Older computers may have only VGA, not DVI

• Simple Peripherals connection options– PS/2 port– USB– Wireless– Bluetooth (usually not on desktop systems)

• Complex peripherals such as hard drives have additional connection and throughput options



Connection Speed and Throughput

Throughput vs Speed– Speed not the only

factor– eSATA has more

throughput for hard drives than USB 3

– Firewire 400 typically has more throughput than USB 2.0



Upgrading Internal Devices (178)

• Inside case contains sensitive components.– RAM, Hard drives, video cards

• Avoid Electronic Static Discharge (ESD)– Small amount of static

(unnoticed) can damage high density circuits.

– Wounded components may not fail for several weeks or months.

– Use Antistatic wrist strap.

– Use Antistatic bags to store and handle components.



Random Access Memory RAM

• Motherboards typically have 4 DIMM slots• Check documentation to install correctly• Information needed in install RAM

– What DIMM technology (DDR2 – DDR3)– Maximum DIMM stick capacity– Total amount of RAM motherboard can handle

• Windows XP can only use 4GB (32-bit OS)

– Configuration or placement• Dual Channel• Fill DIMM sockets by color code



Memory Upgrade Examples



Install RAM Steps



Hard Drive Upgrade

• Check Motherboard connector types– Some will have both

PATA and SATA– Newer Motherboards

may have only SATA

• SATA has a serial thin cable with only one drive per connector.



PATA

• PATA – parallel ribbon cable (80-wire)– Primary and

Secondary ports– Two drives per PATA

port• Master and Slave• Jumpers on drive

determine its master/slave/cable select configuration



Video

• Dedicated video processors to translate numbers into pictures– Graphics Processing Unit – GPU– Video Processing Unit

• Built into newer CPUs• Dedicated Graphics card can increase capability and

speed– AGP – older standard

• Parallel (AGP 1 is 266MBps, AGP 4 is 1064 MBps)

– PCI Express (PCIe16) – current standard• Multiple lanes or serial streams

• 16 lanes = 250MBps/lane X 16 = 4000 MBps



Installing Video Card

Note: Some video cards require additional power connectors from power supply.



Finishing the Upgrade

• Install Drivers– Drivers are system software that control specific hardware devices

– can cause computer crashes.– May need to download latest driver to correct problems– Use Device Manager to install and roll back drivers

• Test the hardware– Access the hard drive and copy files– Run graphically intense applications– Use Device Manager to check status of device

• Recycle old or dead components– Video monitor and other equipment often involve charges to

dispose of hazardous materials.Computer Technology Training


Using Device Manager

• Start Device Manger– Click Start– Type “Device Manager”

or– Open Control Panel– Change view to Large Icons– Click on Device Manager

• Expand device type and click on Drive tab

• Check Device Status and Work with Drivers



End of Chapter 8Presentation

strata it training chapter 8 upgrading hardware. when to upgrade poor performance out of disk space...

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mbpsbackward compatible

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