strategic planning in education
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Strategic Planning in Education
Cristopher C. MideaReporter
Planning
is a process whereby a direction is mapped and then the ways and means for following that direction are specified.
is the product of the planning process and can be defined as a set of decisions about what to do, why, and how to do it.
Plan
Strategic Planning in Education
Reasons for Strategic Planning
• First, one may wish to plan and carry out all the activities that people deem necessary, but without achieving the ultimate goals and results.
• Furthermore, more resources do not necessarily stand for the best results. The way one uses these resources can lead to different levels of benefits and results.
• Thirdly, it has become more and more difficult to plan everything one would wish to do. One ought to make choices, often tough ones, through a balanced decision-making, tradeoffs across the education system and through a consensus building process.
Strategic Planning in Education
The Strategic Management CycleStrategic Planning in Education
teachers
instructional materials
equipment
buildings
INPUTS
throughput
Input mix
Move along to achieve the result
PROCESS RESULT
enrolments graduates learning achievements
benefits for students families society
OUTPUTS
OUTCOMES
FEEDBACK
The Strategic Management Cycle
EVALUATION
PLANNING
ANALYSIS
IMPLEMENTATION
AppraisalOperational
Monitoring & Review
Feedback
Definitions of Planning
OperationalPlanning
StrategicPlanning
Focus Routine activities Achieving goals
Purpose Achieving the best use of available resources
Planning the best courses of action
Rewards Efficiency, stability Effectiveness, impact
Information Present situation Future opportunities
ProblemSolving
Relies on past experience Finds new ways and alternatives
Strategic Planning in Education
1.
2.
3.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
ACTION PLANNING
POLICY FORMULATION
Three Stages of Strategic Planning
Strategic Planning in Education
Three Stages of Strategic Planning
1. SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Sector analysis consists of conducting data collection on and critical analysis of how the education system functions (internal dynamics) and examining various contextual factors (the environment of the system).
Aspects to be considered in ESA
• Macro-economic and socio-demographic frameworks
• Access to and participation in education
• Equity
• Quality and relevance of education
• External efficiency
• Costs and financing in education
• Managerial and institutional aspects
Strategic Planning in Education
2. POLICY FORMULATION
Critical analysis of the educational system undertaken during the sector analysis leads to questions about what the education sector must do in order to address the major issues, challenges and opportunities. These questions include what overall results (strategic goals) the system should achieve and the overall methods (or strategies) to implement policies.
Three Stages of Strategic Planning
Access- access, participation, including gender and equity issues
Quality- quality, internal efficiency, relevance and external effectiveness
Management- governance, decentralization, resource management
Threefold Dimensions in Education Policies
Access to and participation in education Equity and the reduction of disparities in terms of genders,
regional, rural/urban and social disparities Quality and the relevance of education at different levels of
education The place that the private sector and local groups occupy in
the organization of education Regulation of student flow Institutional aspects such as governance, management and
planning Partnership and communication between actors and
partners, the level and forms of participation and communication
Cost control in reccurent and capital expenditure Mobilize resources in connection with decentralization
Indicatives in an Educational Policy and the implementation Strategies:
Strategic Planning in Education
3. ACTION PLANNING
Action planning is a process whereby one translates the policy directions into executable, measurable and accountable actions. In a broader sense, action planning includes specifying objectives, outputs, strategies, responsibilities and timelines (what, what for, how, who and when).
Three Stages of Strategic Planning