Dr. ing. Filip CÂRLEA

Centre for Renewable Energy Promotion & Energy

Efficiency from National Institute for Economics Research

Romanian Academy

Romanian Energy Center - Info Days Energy, RD, ICT

2012 September 27

Strategic Programs and news Trends

in Green Energy at European

& National level

Romanian Renewable Energy Sources

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

WIND SMALL HYDRO

BIOMASS

SOLAR • GEOTHERMAL

RES potential - Romania

I. Donau Delta (solar);

II. Dobrogea (solar and wind);

III. Moldova (microhydro, wind and biomass);

IV. Carpaţi Moutain (IV1 – Carpaţii de Est; IV2 – Carpaţii de Sud; IV3 – Carpaţii de Vest: biomass, microhydro);

V. Transilvania (microhydro);

VI. Câmpia de Vest (geothermal);

VII. Subcarpaţii(VII1 – Subcarpaţii Getici; VII2 – Subcarpaţii de Curbură; VII3 – Subcarpaţii Moldovei: biomass, microhydro);

VIII. Câmpia de Sud (biomass, geothermal and solar).

General index includes scores for renewable energy sources

(wind, solar, geothermal and and biomass).

In the previous edition of the ranking, Romania is ranked 14,

the top being led by China.

Japan climbed three places in the ranking, on the tenth

position, as a result of major investments in wind energy

projects.

Source: Country Attractiveness Indices Report on May 28, 2012,

by audit and consulting Ernst & Young Company ).

ROMANIA in the top of first 15 worldwide

countries on market attractiveness

Indexul de Performanţă Ambientală (IPA) (alcătuit de USA University Yale) - 25 criterii: nivel ecologic pe ţări.

ROMANIA - locul 88, din 132 de state, - calificativ „performanţe slabe”, - Indexul de Performanţă Ambientală: 48,3. Clasamentul celor mai ecologice ţări din lume stabilit prin:

• impactul mediului asupra sănătăţii populaţiei, • protecţia habitatului; • calitatea apei şi aerului etc.

Clădiri verzi, produse ecologice, companii eco-friendly, care păstrează Pământul “sănătos” (maşini hibride, energie eoliană & solară, reciclare deşeuri).

Top 10: 1. ELVEŢIA–76,69; 2. LETONIA–70,3; 3.NORVEGIA –69,9; 4. LUXEMBURG–69,2; 5. Costa Rica–69,03; 6. Franţa– 69; 7. Austria–68,92; 8. Italia–68,9; 9. Suedia–68,8; 10. GERMANIA–66,9.

http://media.imopedia.ro/stiri-imobiliare/unde-traiesc-cei-mai-fericiti-oameni-din-lume-13884.html

Potentialul surselor regenerabile de energie

1. HIDROENERGIE: 36 TWh/an

2. (potential hidroenergetic amenajabil);

2. ENERGIE SOLARĂ: 50% teritoriul naţional - energie solară:

1.100 kWh/m²/an;

3. ENERGIE EOLIANĂ: zone de interes: litoralul & platforma

continentală - Marea Neagră,

- zona montană & podişuri estice;

4. SURSE GEOTERMALE: cca. 3.140 mii GJ/an;

5. BIOMASĂ: cca. 500 mii tep/an.

Romanian Energy Strategy: 2007 – 2020:

33% of gross electricity consumption in 2010;

35% of gross electricity consumption in 2015;

38% of gross electricity consumption in 2020.

EU Directive 2009/28/EC:

24% of gross energy consumption in 2020

(+6.2 % from 2005)

Targets: share of renewables

The national renewable energy sources potential

Note: These are theoretical potentials, real usable potentials are

much lower due to technological, economical and environmental

limitations or restrictions.

Source Annual potential To be used for:

Solar 60 PJ/an

1,2 TWh

Heat

Electricity

Wind 23 TWh Electricity

Hydro, of which,

Development of renewable energy in electricity in Romania

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

year

GW

h

Tide, wave, ocean

Geothermal Electricity

Solar electricity

Biomass electricity

Wind

Hydro

Renewable Energy production - Romania (estimation)

560

3200

148

340

4000

260

465

4500

325

520

4800

400

565

5000

490

585

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

MW

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

ani

Eolian Solar(fv) Biomasa

560

3688

4715

53455765

6075

Sursa: Strategia energetica a Romaniei

Opertional:

hydro: 6440 MW;

wind: 14.9 MW;

biomass/biogas: 8.1 MW;

solar: 0.88 MW.

Under construction:

hydro: 131 MW;

wind: 1,001.1 MW;

biomass/biogas: 27 MW.

National use of RES

Regulatory mechanisms (1)

1. EU Directive 2009/28/EC (Task 20-20-20): recommend ratio of RES in the energy consumption in the year 2020 (e.g. Latvia has 40%, with the second highest ratio in Europe, after Sweden);

2. EU Directive 2009/29/EC, amending Directive 2003/87/EC, so as to improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission;

3. EU Directive 2009/31/EC, on the geological storage of carbon dioxide, amending Council Directive 85/337/EEC;

4. EU Directive 2009/406/EC, setting regulation emission performance standards for new light commercial vehicles as part of the Community's integrated

approach to reduce CO2 emissions;

5. Europe 2020 (March 2010) is the EU's growth strategy, seting 5 objectives: •employment,

•innovation,

•education,

•social inclusion,

•climate/energy. Each Member State has adopted its own national targets in each of these areas.

Regulatory mechanisms (2)

6. Roadmap 2050 {com(2011) 885 final for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050 (Mar 2011), reducing GES until 80-95% starting level 1990ş Energy sector is in top of greenhouse emissions. The objectives:

•Energy efficiency improvementg;

•RES development; e.g. Norway cover 100% its energy consumption form RES (hydroenergy and Biomass);

•Using clean coal;

• Nuclear energy development;

•Natural gas etc...

7. EU Directive 2009/87/EC establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance.

Legislation

1. Energy and Natural Gas Law (123/10.07.2012)

2. Renewables Energy Law (No. 477/2012; MO 485/17.07.2012)

3. National Energy Strategy for 2007 – 2020 period (GD 1069/2007)

4. National Renewable Energy Strategy (GD 1535/2003)

5. Promotion mechanism (GD 443/2004….)

6. Secondary legislation issued by Energy Regulatory Authority

(ANRE)

7. Operational procedures issued by OPCOM (Market Operator) and

Transelectrica (TSO)

Renewable Energy Sources

RES Romania

1433

103

1978

516

7597

167

Figure 1. RES potential in Romania (thousand toe)

Solar Thermal Photo Voltaic Wind Micro Hydro Biomass Geothermal

Romanian Solar Map

Electricity Grid & Pv-Power Substation

Development Grid of Electricity Transport

Power Capacity

Romanian Wind Map

BIOMASS Sources Map

Geothermal Potential Map

Electricity Market

independent

supplier 1

independent

supplier 2

Supplier

producer producer producer producer

Eligible

customer

Customer at

reg. tariffs

Eligible

customer

Customer at

reg. tariffs

Eligible

customer

centralized

markets

OPCOM

wholesale

market

retail market

Electricitty and Green Certificates Market G

reen

cert

ific

ate

ma

rket

E

lectr

icit

y

ma

rket

Electricity

Coal

Electricity

small hidro

Green

Certificates small

-hidro

Electricity

Nuclear

Producer

on hydro

Producer

using

fossil fuels

Producer

with

nuclear

units Competition

Competition

Supplier Producers

Label

Promotion of renewable energy sources

mandatory quotas for suppliers (year/%):

Min. and max. price levels established by the Regulator:

• min. value: 27 €/MWh;

• max. value: 55 €/MWh.

Green Certificates Market

2008: 5.26 2009: 6.28 2010: 8.30 2011: 8.30 2012: 8.30 2013: 9.00 2014: 10.00

2015: 10.80 2016: 12.00 2017: 13.20 2018: 14.40 2019: 15.60 2020: 16.80

Mandatory quotas for suppliers (year/%)

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2020-2030

Green Certificates Market

Number of Green Certificates per MWh:

1. hydro under 10 MW: 1 GC (0.5 for old, un-refurbished hydro units);

2. wind: 2 GC till 2015, 1 GC after 2015;

3. biomass/biogas: 3 GC;

4. solar: 6 GC.

Green Certificates are issued for:

1. 15 years for new units;

2. 5 years for second hand units;

3. 10 years for refurbished hydro units;

4. 3 years for old, un-refurbished hydro units;

5. 10 years for geothermal units above 5 MWth.

SISTEMUL DE PROMOVARE E-SRE Tip SRE Tip grup/centrală electrică Număr CV/MWh Durata (ani)

1. 1. Hidroenergie –

centrale electrice:

Pi ≤10 MW

- punere în funcţiune după anul 2004

3 CV 15

- retehnologizate 2 CV 10

- punere în funcţiune până la 1 ian. 2004 şi

nerehnologizate

0.5 CV 3

2. Energie eoliană noi 2 CV, până în anul 2017 15

1 CV, din anul 2018

3. Biomasă, biogaz, biolichide,

en. geotermală, gaz procesare

deşeuri, gaz fermentare nămol -

instalaţii epurare ape uzate

noi 2-3 CV 15

cogenerare de înaltă eficienţă (suplimentar peste

3 CV)

1 CV 15

4. Energie solară noi 6 CV 15

Renewable Energy Sources Promotion

Promotion of renewable energy sources

Green Certificates Market

Investments must be done before 2014?

Penalties for non compliance of suppliers: 70 € per non

acquired GC;

Revenues from penalties to be used in network enforcements;

ANRE can adjust quotas if it is a high imbalance on the Green Certificates Market.

0.17

0.53

0.90

1.26

1.63

1.99 1.99 1.99

0.29

0.93

1.57

2.21

2.85

3.49 3.49 3.49

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

€/MWh

Crestere minima pret cu €/MWh

Crestere max ima pret cu €/MWh

Green Certificates Market

End user effort – €/MWh

Nr.

crt. Indicatori U.M. Valoare

1 CV, eliberate in anul 2012 CV

5.515.78

8

2

Consum final de energie, în anul

2012 MWh

48.950.0

00

3 Cota anuala CV, anul 2012 CV/MWh 0,11

4 Cota anuală CV - anul 2011 CV/MWh 0.037

Cota estimata de achizitie CV pt. furnizorii de energie, anul 2012

Conclusions 1. Reduction of fosil energy sources importdependence;

2. Diversification of the energy supply;

3. Sustainable development of agriculture and Biomass;

4. New jobs opportunities for a large geographical aria;

5. Climate change mitigation;

6. Increase of the competitiveness of the local enterprises;

7. Reduction of the harmful impact over the environment;

8. Implementation of the new energy policy of the EU.

Wind Park - 100 MW (example)

Venituri din exploatare =2.500 h/an x 100 MWh x 40 €/MWh (pret vânzare)=10.000.000 €/an;

Venituri din subventii acordate = 2CV x 40 €/1CV x 100 MWh x 2.500 h = 10.000.000 €;

Total venituri = 20.000.000 €;

Costuri exploatare = 20% din venituri din expl.=

=20% *10.000.000 = 2.000.000 €;

Profit anual brut = 18.000.000 €; Total investiţie = 100 MW x 1.570.000€ = 157.000.000 €.

THANK YOU!

...and, at your disposal, for any question!