strategies and philosophies - power · • iftt l iinfrastructure planning - ska 1 or ska 2 ? •...
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Strategies and Philosophies - PowerDr Georgina Harris (per Phil Crosby) ver 1.1
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SPDOTechnical Power Issues
• Generation• Distribution
Mi i i i d d• Minimising power demand• RFI Prevention / Shieldingg• A ‘green’ solution
• It’s a joint site/SKA system problem!It s a joint site/SKA system problem!
G D Harris
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SPDODistributed Power Requirements
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SPDOPower Options Overview
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SPDOPower Generation
• Power provision for all parts of the site will:– need to operate with minimal human intervention
(maintenance, refuelling, repair)– need to minimise distribution losses cost of cabling production of RFIproduction of RFI
The Core will likely use a ‘standard’• The Core will likely use a standard reticulation system – optimised through models.
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SPDOSKA1 and SKA2 Deployment
• The power infrastructure is to be considered in terms of a planned rollout (scalability)I f t t l i SKA• Infrastructure planning - SKA1or SKA2 ?Also consider any existing• Also consider any existing power infrastructure in operation on the siteoperation on the site
• The aim is to optimise the deployment of the SKA both p yfinancially and logistically for both phases
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SPDOSKA1 and SKA2 Deployment
• The power infrastructure is to be considered in terms of a planned rollout (scalability)I f t t l i SKA• Infrastructure planning - SKA1or SKA2 ?Also consider any existing• Also consider any existing power infrastructure in operation on the siteoperation on the site
• The aim is to optimise the deployment of the SKA both p yfinancially and logistically for both phases
G D Harris
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SPDORemote Stations
‘Stations’ beyond the core site distribution network will require standalone generation – or local grid
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q g gconnection
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SPDOSome Numbers
SKA1 SKA2
Core station 3.3 MW 65 MWPer remote 70 KW 318 KWstationAll Remote 1.05 MW 8 MWstationsTotal Array 4.35 MW 74 MWSupercomputer 30MW 40 MW
S h t th ti ?So, what are the options?
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SPDODiesel Engines
• Capacity up to 200MW• Unit size up to 10MW• Fossil diesel or palm oil• Fossil diesel or palm oil• Established technology• Competitive procurement• $ ~ 1000/kW capital cost• $ ~ 1000/kW capital cost• ca 44% efficiency• $ 100/ MWh @$500/te• 570kg/ MWh CO2 on oil570kg/ MWh CO2 on oil
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Balesa Diesels Eritrea10
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SPDOOil Fired Boilers and Steam Turbines
• Capacity 10-1000 MWp y• Unit size 10-800 MW• Any oil fuel grade• Established technology• Competitive procurement• Capital cost ca $1500/kW• Efficiency ca 35%• $125/ MWh @ $ 500/te• 710kg/ MWh CO2
Dubai D Oil Thermal 50MW units
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SPDOGas Turbines
• Capacity 3-400 MW• Unit size 3-60 MW• Gas or distillate fuels
Open Cycle
• Gas or distillate fuels• Established technology• Competitive procurement• Capital cost $500-700/ kWCapital cost $500 700/ kW• Efficiency up to 42%• $140/ MWh @$ 700/te oil• $ 50/ MWh @$ 6/MMBTU gas$ 50/ MWh @$ 6/MMBTU gas• 450kg/ MWh CO2 on gas
• Capacity 40-1500MWp y• Unit size 40-450MW• Gas or distillate fuels• Established technology
Fort Dunlop OCGT
• Competitive procurement• $1000-1200/ kW capital• Efficiency ca 52%
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Fort Dunlop OCGT58MW
12• $115/ MWh @$700/ te oil• $40/ MWh @ $6/ MMBTU gas• 360kg/ MWh CO2 on gas
Combined Cycle
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SPDOGas Interconnection
C it >400MWt• Capacity >400MWt• Unit size >150mm• Operating pressure <80 bar• Established technology• Established technology• Competitive procurement• $300-500k/ km capital• Pressure loss ~1%/ km• Pressure loss 1%/ km• Lead time of ca 3 years
Gas pipeline
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SPDOSolar Energy Resource
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SPDOSolar Thermal Power
• Integral power storage (36 hours)• Capacity up to 100MW• Unit size 10-20MWUnit size 10 20MW•Technology in demonstration• Restricted competition
$3000/ kW it l• $3000/ kW capital• Efficiency 30%• Daily and seasonal variationvariation• Capacity factor 10-25%• Zero fuel cost• No direct CO2 emissions
PS10 (11MW) and PS20 (20MW) power towers in Spain
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SPDOSolar Thermal Power
Parabolic trough CSP plant (150MW) Kramer Junction California
G D Harris Desertec-UK
Parabolic trough CSP plant (150MW), Kramer Junction, California
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SPDOSolar Photovoltaic Power
• Capacity up to 10MW• Unit size 1kW-1MW• Solar• Technology in demonstration
R t i t d titi• Restricted competition• $6000/ kW capital• Efficiency ~10%
Daily and seasonal variation• Daily and seasonal variation• Capacity factor 10-20%• Zero fuel cost• No direct CO emissions• No direct CO2 emissions
•EASILY SCALABLE
Sevilla PV
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SPDOSolar Energy Storage
• Solar heat may be stored in lt d ltmelted salts
• NAS (sodium sulfur) battery( ) y
• Zinc-Flow® advanced energy storageenergy storage
• - Vanadium Redox Battery (VRB)(VRB)
• VRB – EASILY SCALABLE
• Optimised Generation / storage system storage
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storage system – storage may be half of cost!
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SPDOPolitical Power Issues
• National carbon policy• Collaboration with national power providers• Excluded or preferential generation options• Excluded or preferential generation options
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The SKA Power Challenge
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