strategies for environmentally sustainable transport in asia

8/8/2019 Strategies for Environmentally Sustainable Transport in Asia

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Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Center

Strategies for Environmenta lly SustainableTransport in Asia

Dollaris Riauaty SuhadiCountry Coordinator (Indonesia) - CAI-Asia Center

Executive Director - Swisscontact Indonesia Foundation

Access to Clean Urban Transport Energy Solutions for the Urban PoorYogyakarta, Indonesia

27-29 May, 2009

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www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia

CAI-Asia Center

Transport and Poor people- EST strategy

2

Source: CAI-Asia & ADB


http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia







CAI-Asia Center

1. Asia – Motorization and Vehic le growth

Source: 2008. ADB, CAI-Asia, Segment Y Ltd., and IEA

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2005 201520252035200520152025 20352005201520252035 2005 20152025203520052015202520352005201520252035

ASEAN(MajorCountries) CHINA INDIA OECD NorthAmerica OECD Europe OECD Pacific

m o t o r i z a t i o n i n d e x

t o t a l n u m b e

r o f v e h i c l e s ( i n m i l l i o n s )

Total Vehicles (in millions) Motorization Index (V/1000 P)

MI - Indonesia in 2008 (138)and in 2025 (247)










CAI-Asia Center

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1000

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7000

2005 2008 2015 2025 2035

Vietnam

Philippines

Thailand

Indonesia

India

China

Srilanka

Nepal

Malaysia

South Korea

Bangladesh

Singapore

Pakistan

Japan

Years

C O 2

E M I S S I O N S / Y E A R ( M i l l i o n T o n s )

2. Asia – CO2 Emissions from Transport (BAU)

Source: 2008. ADB, CAI-Asia, and Segment Y Ltd









CAI-Asia Center

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2005 2008 2015 2025 2035

Vietnam

Philippines

Thailand

Indonesia

India

China

Years

P M E

m i s s i o n s ( 1 0 0 0 T o n s )

Source: 2008. ADB, CAI-Asia, and Segment Y

(based on adoption up to Euro 3 standards)

3. Asia – PM Emissions from Transport (BAU)









CAI-Asia Center

4. Urban Air Pollution Trends in Asia 1993-2007

6

Aggregated Annual Ambient AQ Trends, µg/m3 (1993 to 2007)Source: CAI-Asia, 2008









CAI-Asia Center7

5. Asia – High c ost of Transport

Source :- Shanghai Statistical Bureau and others

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Shanghai – Per-Capita Consumer

Expenditures of Urban Household

Transport & Communications Residence Food Education

%

•In Shanghai -Low income sectionpays as much on transport as onhealthcare (5%), Cloths (5%) andrent (0.8%) combined !!

•In Hong Kong – Its nearly 40% ofIncome on Transport and Housing

•Top 20 Cities in India – 30.6% onTransport and Housing (in factin the booming cities, people spendmore on Transport (21.3%) than onHealth (7.6%), Education (5.2%)and Housing (8%) combined !!)









CAI-Asia Center8

Government Subsidy ( in BILLION USD)

Country 2006 2007 2008 (P)

Bangladesh 0.81 0.73 1.50

China 0.68 NA 1.79

India 0.64 0.74 17.50

Indonesia 5.90 9.31 19.60

Malaysia 4.00 4.70 10.83

Nepal NA NA 0.30

Pakistan NA 2.70 6.90

Philippines NA NA NA

Singapore NA NA NA

Sri Lanka 0.09 0.15 0.28

Thailand NA NA NA

Vietnam 0.61 0.73 3.20

Source :- Compiled from different sources by CAI-Asia

6. Asia - Fuel subsidies – Who pays? Who b enefits ?

Who consumes more gasoline anddiesel??

Where can be the money best used??









CAI-Asia Center9

7. Emissions grow faster than GDP

Annual growth rates of GDP per capita, motor vehicles, CO2-transport emissions, and liquid fuel consumption in thetransportation sector in IndonesiaBPS, 2007; WRI, 2008; Pertamina, 2008.









CAI-Asia Center10

8. Issues: Safety , Soc ial Equity, Noise, Congestion

…..

Source: CAI-Asia









CAI-Asia Center11

Includes all the key facets of transport

• Vehicle emission control, standards and I/M• Cleaner fuels• Strengthening road side monitoring and assessment

• Land-use planning

• Public transport planning and travel demand management• Environment and People Friendly Infrastructure Development

• Road safety and maintenance• Traffic noise management

• Public health• Social equity and gender perspectives

• Strengthening roadside air quality monitoring and assessment

• Strengthening knowledge base, awareness, and public participation

9. Environmenta lly Susta inable Transport (EST)

Concept of EST is centered on the transportation system and activity

that meets social, economic and environmental objectives – People and not vehicles are the objective

Source: UNCRD









CAI-Asia Center12

10. EST in Philippines

Presidential Administrative Order No. 254

- Formulation of a National Environmentally Sustainable Transport Strategy for

the Philippines -









CAI-Asia Center13

Strengthening Roadside

Air Quality Monitoring

and Assessment

Public Health

Social Equity and GenderPerspectives

Traffic Noise Management

Cleaner Fuels

Vehicle Emission

Control, Standards and

Inspection & Maintenance

Public Transport Planning

and Travel Demand

Management

Non-MotorizedTransport

Environment and People

Friendly Infrastructure

Development

Land-Use Planning

Stakeholders

Road Safety and

Maintenance

Knowledge

Base, Awareness

and Public

Participation

11. EST in Philippines









CAI-Asia Center14

12. EST in Indonesia

• Support from UNCRD to promote EST strategy, mainstream

• New transport legislation addresses “limited” EST (TDM,public transport, NMT) --- needs to be further defined

• Recently GOI is considering efficiency and sustainability ofits energy policies --- fuel quality improvement & introductionof fuel economy (policy measures)

• EST measures

– BRT and improved public transport system in cities – Blue Sky Cities Evaluation Program (MoE) – to promote clean

air & support cities in implementing EST

– Wahana Tata Nugraha Evaluation program (MoT) – evaluationof city’s transport management performance

– Use of CNG for high usage public vehicles where CNG isavailable

– Cities’ initiatives to promote NMT (e.g. Yogya, Palembang)









CAI-Asia Center15

CAI-Asia Centerwww.c leanairnet.org/ c aiasia

Unit 3510, 35th Floor, Rob insons-Equita ble Towe r, ADB Avenue, Pasig City , Metro Manila, 1605 Philipp ines








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