strategies for managing herbicide resistant palmer amaranth in soybean - 2012
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Strategies for Managing Herbicide Resistant Palmer Amaranth in Soybean - 2012. Eric P. Prostko Professor and Extension Weed Specialist Dept. Crop & Soil Sciences. Herbicide-Resistant Palmer Amaranth in GA. ALS (2000) Glyphosate (2005) Atrazine (2009) ALS + GLY (2009) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Strategies for Managing Herbicide
Resistant Palmer Amaranth in
Soybean - 2012
Eric P. Prostko
Professor and Extension Weed Specialist
Dept. Crop & Soil Sciences
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Herbicide-Resistant Palmer Amaranth in GA ALS (2000)
Glyphosate (2005)
Atrazine (2009)
ALS + GLY (2009)
DNA + ALS + GLY (2010)
ALS + GLY + ATZ (2011)
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Important Things We Know About Palmer Amaranth
• Well-adapted to Georgia!– Native to Sonoran desert
• Separate male and female plants• Lots of seed!!!!
– 400,000 – 500,000/female plant
• Seed do not last long in soil– 20% germ after 30 months
• Seed do not emerge from deep depths (≥ 3-4”)
• Seed need light to germinate• Resistance trait moves in pollen
– At least 1000 feet!!
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Palmer AmaranthVery ompetitive
• 1 Palmer amaranth plant per meter (3.3 ft) of row can reduce soybean yield by 32%.
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Pigweed Control is not impossible!!!!
Common Reasons for Failure:1) did not start clean2) did not use a residual3) residual did not get activated4) POST applications are too late5) short arms and deep pockets
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Many pigweed problems are due to weeds already up at planting!
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Palmer Amaranth Growth 22 days after starting clean
June 22, 2011Attapulgus, GA
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Dryland Production SystemsA Difficult Challenge!
• Growers need to think about mechanical herbicide incorporation
• Will help but not a guarantee
• Success will depend upon……
– operator
– implement
– soil conditions
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Tillage and Pigweed
Bottom PlowBottom Plow Chisel PlowChisel Plow
Source: Twiggs Co., April 22, 2010Source: Twiggs Co., April 22, 2010
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Extreme Cover Crops
11 22
33 44
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Row Spacing
Washington County 2009
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Irrigation
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Herbicides for Pigweed Control in Soybeans
• Residual Herbicides– Authority MTZ, Authority XL,
Canopy/Cloak, Boundary, Valor, Valor XLT, Prefix, Dual Magnum/Generics, Tricor, Prowl, Intrro, Treflan, Envive, Warrant
• Postemergence– Reflex/Dawn, Prefix, Cobra,
Ultra Blazer, Flexstar GT, Harmony (ALS?), Ignite (LL soybeans)
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2012 Monsanto Incentives Program
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Consider metribuzin on soybean?
• Not a PPO• Not a PPO• Good on pigweed• Can be applied PPI• Issues
– soil texture, OM, pH– Varieties– Rotations– Company support– Lack of incentive at dealer
level– Cost/A
TriCor 75DFTriCor 75DF
Metribuzin 75DFMetribuzin 75DF
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Metribuzin Injury
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Palmer Amaranth Control in Soybeans - 2011
SB-13-2011June 23, 201130 DAP
NTC Valor SX 51WG @ 2 oz/A
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Palmer Amaranth Control in Soybeans - 2011
SB-13-2011June 23, 201130 DAP
NTC Boundary 6.5EC @ 1.5 pt/A
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Liberty-Link Soybeans - 2011
NTCNTC Prefix @ 2.5 pt/A (PRE)Ignite @ 29 oz/A (MPOST)
AMS Xtra @ 2.5% v/v (MPOST)
Ignite @ 29 oz/A (EPOST)Warrant @ 3 pt/A (EPOST)
AMS Xtra @ 2.5% v/v (EPOST)
SB-04-11July 2058 DAP
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This is what a 2” pigweed looks like!!!!
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On the HorizonOn the Horizon
• Zidua
• Anthem
• Fierce
• Enlist Soybean – Enhanced tolerance to 2,4-D– Stacked with glyphosate– 2015?
• Dicamba Resistant Soybeans– Monsanto/BASF– Stacked with glyphosate– 2013?
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• Zidua 85WG
• Pyroxasulfone
• Residual control of annual grasses and certain broadleaf weeds including pigweed
• Same MOA as Dual or Warrant but used at lower rates
• Use rate: 1-2 oz/A
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Palmer Amaranth Control in Soybeans - 2011
SB-13-2011June 23, 201130 DAP
NTC Zidua 85WG @ 2 oz/A
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- Fierce 76WDG
- February 2012 (?)
- Valor (33.5%) + Pyroxasulfone (42.5%)
- preplant or preemergence
- 3 oz/A on coarse soils (Valor @ 2 oz/A + Pyrox @ 1.5 oz/A)
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Palmer Amaranth Control with Fierce
NTCNTC Fierce 76WG @ 3 oz/AFierce 76WG @ 3 oz/A
SB-14-10SB-14-10July 22, 2010July 22, 201050 DAT50 DAT
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• Anthem 2.15L
• Cadet (0.0632 lb/gal) + Pyroxasulfone (2.0868 lb/gal)
• Residual control of annual grasses and certain broadleaf weeds including pigweed
• Use rate: 3.5-7.0 oz/A (?)
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Weed Control in Soybeans with Anthem
SB-18-11June 2465 DAP
NTC Anthem 2.15SL @ 8 oz/A – PRERoundup W-Max 5.5SL @ 22 oz/A - POST
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Enlist™ Herbicide Tolerant Enlist™ Herbicide Tolerant SoybeanSoybean
• tolerance to 2,4-D + glyphosate + glufosinate (Ignite)
• Colex-D™ technology– 2,4-D choline– lower volatility– lower drift potential– enhanced handling/mixing
characteristics– reduced odor
• 1 Burndown/PRE application + 2 POST applications (R2 stage)
• Enlist™ Duo– DMA-Glyphosate (1.71 lb ae/gal) + 2,4-
D choline (1.63 lb ae/gal)– 3.5 pt/A
• 2015 Product Launch
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Enlist Soybeans – 2010 (GA)
SB-09-10June 28
NTC Ignite 280 2.34SL @ 22 oz/AWeedar 64 4SL @ 17 oz/AN-Pack AMS @ 2.5% v/v
Applied May 28 and June 18
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PPO Herbicide ResistanceThey must be protected!!!!
• Resistance has already been reported in other areas!!!
• Amaranthus quitensis– 2005 (Bolivia)
• Common waterhemp– 2001 (Kansas)– 2002 (Illinois)– 2005 (Missouri)– 2009 (Iowa)
• Common ragweed– 2005 (Delaware)– 2006 (Ohio)
• Wild poinsettia– 2004 (Brazil)
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Final Thoughts
• Know your enemy• Start Clean• Tillage and/or Cover
Crops• Narrower Row Spacing• Residual herbicides (2)• Reward Programs• Timely POST’s• Irrigation system?????• Roque Escapes
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For More Weed Science Info
www.gaweed.com