strategies for wired academia: the most wired campus denise a. troll distinguished fellow, digital...
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Strategies for Wired Academia:
The Most Wired Campus
Denise A. TrollDistinguished Fellow, Digital Library Federation
Assistant University Librarian, Carnegie Mellon
March 14, 2001 Denise A. Troll 2
Dubious Honor
No demonstrable connection between the availability of networked computers & the quality of learning & research
March 14, 2001 Denise A. Troll 3
Onus, Not Honor
Probably a connection between the penetration of networked computers & increasing demand for desktop delivery
Real connection between satisfying increasing demand for desktop delivery & increasing library expenditures
March 14, 2001 Denise A. Troll 4
Assumptions
Libraries preserve & provide access to our cultural & intellectual heritage in the service of learning & research
Technology has the potential to help
Digital divides must be bridged to unlock the potential of technology
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Inequality of Access
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
White American Native American African American
Mill
ions
ALA CognotesJanuary 2001
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Inequality of Available Content
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Life Sciences
SocialSciences
PhysicalSciences
Technology Arts &Humanities
ARL Report December 2000E-Journals
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Barrier Pie
Society
Politics Economics
Technology
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Thesis
The barrier pie is big enough for no one to go hungry
One key to removing the barriers is a united effort
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Big Picture
Most / least wired is irrelevant
Libraries are more alike than different
None of us can do everything
All of us can do something
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Carnegie Mellon at a Glance
7 colleges or schools
3 + 2 libraries
12,848 campus population– 5,136 undergraduates– 3,174 graduate students– 1,254 faculty– 3,284 staff
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Similar Upward Trends
Cost of materials, equipment & staff Materials budget % spent on e-resources Library instruction Use of e-resources Use of ILL
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Similar Downward Trends
Gate counts In-house use Circulation Photocopying Revenue
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Similar Collection Challenges
Shelves are full, but we need more books
Offsite storage has been approved, but not funded
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Similar Staff Challenges
Positions are being eliminated or combined & upgraded to keep pace with needed competencies & salaries
Staff are struggling to cope with change
Staff space is inadequate
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Similar Development Challenges
Show me the money.
Give me the time.
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Similar Measurement Challenges
Traditional measures are inadequate
Need – Composite measures – Standard usage reports – Data on environmental changes – Outcome & cost-benefit measures– System to manage the data
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Similar User Challenges
Users often don’t know what resources & services the libraries do provide
Faculty want access to e-journals, but are reluctant to cancel print
Compete for user attention
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Similar U-graduate Challenges
Many turn to Web search engines first Want 24/7 service Want more electronic full-text Don’t distinguish library resources Don’t ask for reference assistance Don’t care about copyright Want immediate gratification
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Differences
Carnegie Mellon is a research university without a research library
Students are more satisfied with the University than with the Libraries
At least 75% of e-resource use is remote
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Computer Culture
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Network Connectivity
0
3000
6000
9000
12000
15000
18000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Campus wireless enabled 2000
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Freshmen Ownership
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Own
Plan
No plan
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Computer Ownership & Access
% of students who purchase computers after their freshman year is unknown
GSIA students are required to own laptops
Public clusters have 410 computers
More computers in departments
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Campus Expectations
Everyone has computer access
Admission, registration, syllabi, course materials, grades, etc. will be on the web
Interaction among students, faculty, & administrators will be online
The University will provide easy-to-use software & high bandwidth networking
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Bandwidth Expectations
Current rate is 100 megabit per second
Campus will be re-wired in 2001 in preparation for gigabit per second
Department pays for desktop delivery
Users will expect gigabit rate in the library
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“Email is My Life”
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Different Library Mission
Build a digital library– Lead development of tools & techniques– Provide multimedia collections– Conduct research to reduce costs– Transform scholarly publishing– Transfer knowledge & technology
Solve our space problems with a triage of digitization & off-site storage
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Digital Library Initiatives
Distributed electronic library – 1989-1992– Mercury Electronic Library
Full-text journal images – 1991-1997– The University Licensing Program (TULIP)
Digital archives – 1993-1999– Heinz Electronic Library Information Online
System (HELIOS)
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Digital Library Initiatives
Visual Content – 1998-1999– Art Museum Image Consortium (AMICO)
Multi-media delivery system – 1999-present– Digital Information Versatile Archives (DIVA)
Metadata capture system – 1999-present– MetaScan
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Digitization Projects
Visual materials– Swiss Posters – 1999-present – Slide Collection – 1999-present– Andrew Carnegie Collection – 2000-present
E-reserves– Text – 2000-present – Audio – 2001
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Digitization Projects
Smart Web Exhibits (IMLS) – 1999-2001
Copyright renewal records for books – 2000
Books– 1000 Book – 2000-present– Posner Collection – 2001-2002– Million Book – 2000-present
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Copyright Permissions Project
Random sample of books in library catalog
94% copyright protected
Codes: in/out of print, publication & publisher type & origin
Letters– 83% of copyright protected– 60% of these received follow-up letters
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Results
35% no response
13% provided address, returned unknown
29% permission denied– Average time 115 days
22% permission granted– Average time 91 days
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22% Granted Permission
39% (7% sample) full permission– Digitize, OCR, provide full-text searching– Free to read web access for all Internet users
61% (11% sample) restricted permission – 39% access to Carnegie Mellon users only – 22% fee for use (average $100)– 6% permission for a limited time
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Digital Library Services
Instruction– Evaluating Information on the Web – 1999– Information Ethics – 2001
Reference– Automated Reference Assistant – 1999-2001– Chat Reference – 2000-present– Library of Congress CDRS – 2001
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Automated Reference Assistant
User Interface
ResourceDatabase
Electronic & PrintResources
Inference Engine
Reference Interview Algorithm
Query Classification Algorithm
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Usage & Usability Research
Part of library culture since 1990
1995-2000 – Sirsi Unicorn / WebCat
2000-2001 – DLF Distinguished Fellowship– Usage & usability data survey– Study the information-seeking & usage
behaviors of students & faculty
March 14, 2001 Denise A. Troll 38
Transforming Publishing
Educating faculty & provosts– Cost, quality & rights– Accept e-journal articles for promotion
Providing or supporting alternatives– Portal: Libraries & the Academy – Journal of Social Structure – Philosophy journal – Find trusted partners
to archive
March 14, 2001 Denise A. Troll 39
Lessons Learned
Plan strategically
Act opportunistically
Change course as needed
Lessons Learned
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Have an R&D Policy
Develop software ONLY– When user needs & expectations
cannot be met with existing software– Using supported components – Following standards
Conduct usage & usability studies
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Collaborate
Seek partners with diverse expertise
Cultivate investors
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Develop Skills & Virtues
Leadership Management Communication Conflict resolution Organizational Patience Flexibility Humility
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Cultivate Culture of Assessment
Make decisions based on data
Collect data that serve strategic purposes
Train staff to gather, analyze, present data
Know when to settle for “good enough” data & “quick & dirty” research
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Be Involved
Participate in creating or revising standards, guidelines & best practices
Lobby vendors to provide comparable usage statistics in manageable formats
Negotiate licenses that suit your needs – when your strategies work, share them
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Be Proactive
If necessary, design new measures for your purposes – if they work, share them
Help transform scholarly publishing– Educate faculty & administrators– Accept e-journals for promotion– Host publications “born digital”– Support cheaper alternatives – Encourage archiving & migration
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Digital Library Facts of Life
Development is risk
Everything takes longer than expected
The only constant in life is change
The only thing you can change is yourself
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Conclusion: Have Some Pie
Society
Politics Economics
Technology
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We Must Interlock to Unlock
