STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

Fundamental Physical Aspects of

the Strength of Crystalline Materials

ICSMA 10

Proceedings of the 10th International Conference

Sendai, Japan, August 21-26, 1994

Edited by

H. Oikawa and K. MaruyamaTohoku University, JAPAN

S. Takeuchi

University of Tokyo, JAPAN

M. Yamaguchi

Kyoto University, JAPAN

The Japan Institute of Metals

Contents

Keynote Lectures 1

Evidence for Suzuki Effect Obtained by Electron MicroscopyH. SAKA and Y. KANEKO

3

Micromechanical Models for Brittle and Ductile Fracture

Hermann RIEDEL

9

Interaction of High Cycle Fatigue with High Temperature CreepP. LUKAS, L. KUNZ and V. SKLENICKA

17

Corrosion—Deformation Interactions during Environment Sensitive DamageThierry MAGNIN

25

Mechanical Properties of High-Temperature Intermetallic CompoundsMasaharu YAMAGUCHI, Haruyuki INUI, Yasuharu SHIRAI,

Kyosuke KISHIDA and Kazuhiro ITO

33

Influence of Dislocation Fine Structure on the Strength and Flow Behavior of

Ordered Intermetallic CompoundsM.J. MILLS, D. C. CHRZAN and D. B. MIRACLE

41

High-Temperature Deformation Mechanism in Solution-Hardened AlloysHideo YOSHINAGA and Hiroshi OIKAWA

49

Mechanisms of Dislocation Structure Evolution in Plastically Deformed Crystal¬line Materials

Jan KRATOCHVfL and Marie SAXLOVA

57

Superplastic Flow in Fine-Grained Ceramics

Taketo SAKUMA

63

Atomic Structure of Grain Boundaries and its Relation to Intergranular Fracture

Vaclav VITEK

71

The Fundamental Process of Dislocation Motion and Non-Metallurgical Effects

in Covalent Crystals

Koji MAEDA79

i

Dislocations and Other Defects 87

The Temperature Dependence of Critical Shear Stress and the Shape of Peierls

Potential

Takayoshi SUZUKI, Hirokazu KOIZUMI and Helmut O. K. KIRCHNER

89

Atomistic Understanding of Interaction Between a Kink and Self Interstitial

Atoms in a Model BCC Lattice

Yasuhisa AONO, Tetsuo TSUTSUMI and Eiichi KURAMOTO

93

Dissociation- and Constriction Energies in Extended Dislocations

W. PUSCHL and G. SCHOECK

97

Dislocation-Point Defect Interaction Influence on Kink Motion in Crystals with

Deep Peierls Potential Relief

Yu. L. IUNIN, V. I. NIKITENKO, V. I. ORLOV and B. V. PETUKHOV

101

New Micromechanisms for Strengthening and Plastic Deformation in Solids

Ilia OVID'KO

105

Diffusion Model for Relaxation of Kinks

Boris V. PETUKHOV and Yury I. POLYAKOV

109

Dislocation Core Structures in Single Phase TiAl

Bernard VIGUIER, Kevin J. HEMKER and Jean-Luc MARTIN

113

The Mobility of a Screw Dislocation in a Ll2 Alloy

Georges SAADA and Patrick VEYSSIERE

117

Dislocations in Ll2 Long Range Ordered Intermetallics

Alfred KORNER

121

Slip Systems and Microstructures in Plastically Deformed [113] CoSi2 SingleCrystalsP. N. B. ANONGBA and S. G. STEINEMANN

125

The Yield Stress Anomaly and Dislocation Structure in Ti3Al Single CrystalsYasuhide MINONISHI

129

Ultrasonic Study of Dislocation-Solute-Atom Interactions

Toshio KOSUGI

133

Simulation Calculations of Solid Solution HardeningDietrich RONNPAGEL and Volker MOHLES

137

The Influence of Different Atomic Lattice Defects on the Low TemperaturePlasticity of a-Iron

Dieter BRUNNER and Jorg DIEHL

141

ii

On the Parameter Dependences of Solid Solution Hardening in BCC

Fe-Al-Single CrystalsW. WUNDERLICH

145Plastic Deformation and Irradiation Effects of Fe-Cr Alloy Single CrystalsK. MAKII, Y. AONO and E. KURAMOTO

149Deformation of Solid Solution by the Kink MechanismBoris V. PETUKHOV

153

Plastic Deformation 157

Kink Band Formation in White Tin Single CrystalsKatuhiko HONDA

159Cyclic Deformation Twinning in Pure Titanium and ZirconiumLin XIAO, Huifang GUO and Haicheng GU

163Deformation Mechanisms of the Zinc Single Crystals Compressed along [0001]Direction

Krzysztof PIELA and Andrzej KORBEL

167Mechanism of Organization of Slips and Transformation of Metal Substructure

by Twinning in FCC Single CrystalsA. KORBEL

171

Computer Simulation of a Moving Dislocation Interacting with Cu Atoms inIron

E. KURAMOTO, F. HORI and T. TSUTSUMI

175

Three Dimensional Simulations of PlasticityBenoiot DEVINCRE and Ladislas KUBIN

179

X-Ray Topographic Study of Dislocation Multiplication Process in CopperHidenori ERA, Fumiaki HIGUCHI and Yasuhiro MIURA

183

Relationship between Deviations from Slip Planes and Slip Systems of LayeredDislocation Structures in Deformed Copper Single CrystalsYozo KAWASAKI

187

Internal Stresses Associated with Dislocation Walls

Georges SAADA

191

Experimental Evidence against the Thermofluctuational Nature of Macroyieldand Microyield Stress Temperature DependencesA. B. LEBEDEV

195

m

Two New Methods for Measuring the Effect of Strain Hardening on the Internal

Stress

Joel BONNEVILLE, Philippe SPATIG, Alena ORLOVA

and Jean-Luc MARTIN

199

Controlling Strain Rate in the Solid State Deformation of Strain Rate Sensitive

Materials

Ibrahim ULAS

203

Analysis of Die Drawing of Strain Rate Sensitive Mateirals Through Curved Dies

Ibrahim ULAS

207

Precision Strain Rate Sensitivity Measurements by Indentation Testing in

Aluminum

Bradley J. DIAK, Ramachandra K. UPADHYAYA and Shigeo SAIMOTO

211

Prediction of Flow Curves of Two-Ductile-Phase Steels Using Micromechanics

Yo TOMOTA and Takahisa OHNUKI

215

Strain Partition Coefficient in Ferrite-Martensite Steels

Minoru UMEMOTO, Tsuyoshi USHIDA, Hiroshi KIMURA and

Takahiko OGURA

219

Defects with Rotation Symmetry in Galvanic FCC Metals and their Behavior

under Load

Anatoliy A. VIKARCHUK and Aleksey A. VINOGRADOV

223

On Role of Disclinations in Deformation Processes in Polycrystals and Metallic

Glass-Nanocrystal CompositesMikhail GUTKIN and Ilia OVID'KO

227

Flow Stress Anisotropy in Coarse Grained Aluminium

Dorte Juul JENSEN and Niels HANSEN

231

Variations in the Modelling of Plastic Deformation with Grain Subdivision

Torben LEFFERS

235

Distribution of Strain of Grains during Compressive Deformation of Polycrystal-line Iron

Ichiro SHIMIZU and Takeji ABE

239

The Microstructure of Rolled CopperH. CHRISTOFFERSEN and T. LEFFERS

243

Inhomogeneities in the Plastic Deformation of 99.997% Pure Aluminium

PolycrystalsA. S0RENG, H. J. ROVEN and N. RYUM

247

IV

Effect of the Grain Size on the Rate of Energy Storage during Tensile Deforma¬

tion of Austenitic Steel

Wiera OLIFERUK and Maciej W. GRABSKI

251

On the Correlation between the Local Stored Energy and the Deformation

Texture ComponentsH. E. VATNE, S. HOFMANN, A. BARDAL and E. NES

255

Non-Destructive Measurements of Slip and Residual Stress in Metals by Neutron

ScatteringMasayoshi ONO

259

Restoration Mechanisms in Large-Strain Deformation of High Purity Aluminum

at Ambient TemperatureM. E. KASSNER, J. POLLARD, E. EVANGELISTA and E. CERRI

263

Shear Bands in High Nitrogen Steels

Nicole PAULUS, Peter J. UGGOWITZER and Markus O. SPEIDEL

267

Shear Bands and Texture Evolution in Polycrystalline Iron

A. KORBEL and M. RICHERT

271

Low Temperature Work Softening in Cu and Cu-Al Single Crystals Oriented for

Single Glide

Agnieszka WUSATOWSKA-SARNEK and Andrzej KORBEL

275

Strength and Strain Hardening of Ultra-Low-Carbon Iron Alloys

Tsuyoshi USHIDA, Alberto AGUIRRE, Akifumi HIRAMATSU,

Jose G. CABANAS-MORENO and Minoru UMEMOTO

279

Change in Deformation Behavior Related to y to a Transformation in Extra-Low

Carbon Steel

M. TAKASHIMA, T. OBARA and T. KAN

283

Strengthening by Deformation Induced Point Defects

B. MIKULOWSKI, M. ZEHETBAUER, B. MARCZEWSKA and B. WIELKE

287

Influence of Surface Alloying on Micro-Hardness and Tensile Properties in Cu

and Al PolycrystalsYuzo NAKAMURA and Hidekazu SUEYOSHI

291

Application of the Wave Theory of Plastic Deformation to a Novel Scheme of

Non-Destructive Analysis of Mechanical Behavior of Solid-State Object

S. YOSHIDA, Y. HIDA, V. E. PANIN and L. B. ZUEV

295

On the Mechanisms of Precipitates Affecting Serrated Flow

Erwin PINK, Janusz KROL and Subodh KUMAR

299

v

On the Propagation of Slip in Concentrated Solid Solutions at Ambient and

Elevated TemperaturesAlf ZIEGENBEIN, Holger VOSS, Jochen PLESSING, Andreas HAMPEL and

Hartmut NEUHAUSER

303

Diffusion-like Defect Kinetics: Application to Different Plastic Instabilities

Alexei E. ROMANOV and Elias C. AIFANTIS

307

Plastic Deformation and Phase Transformation of a Metastable Bainitic-

Austenitic Fe-C-Si-AlloyA. LUENENBUERGER, D. LOEHE and E. MACHERAUCH

311

Pseudoelasticity and Calorimetric Measurements in In-Tl Shape Memory Alloy

Single CrystalsSei MIURA, Hiroyuki KATO and Norihiko NAKANISHI

315

Pseudoelastic Deformation in Combined Tension and Torsion

Petr SITTNER, Yasuhiro HARA and Masataka TOKUDA

319

Strength of Materials 323

Strengthening Mechanism of Ausformed Martensite in Mo Bearing Steels

Makoto FUJINO, Kaneaki TSUZAKI and Tadashi MAKI

325

Influence of Chemical Composition on the Strength of Austempered Ductile Iron

A. NAJAFI-ZADEH and M. A. GOLOZAR

329

Strengthening of Aluminium-Lithium-Alloys by Ordered d'-PrecipitatesCornelia SCHLESIER and Eckhard NEMBACH

333

The Influence of Lamellar Interfaces on the Mechanical Properties of (a2+y)Titanium Aluminides

Fritz APPEL, Ulrich CHRISTOPH and Richard WAGNER

337

Yielding and Work Hardening Behaviour of Two-Phase (a2 +y) Titanium

Aluminides

Fritz APPEL, Uwe LORENZ, Ulf SPARKA and Richard WAGNER

341

The Effect of Orientation and Lamellar Structure on the Fatigue Behaviour of

TiAl PST CrystalsY. UMAKOSHI, H. Y. YASUDA and Y. NAKANO

345

X-Ray Stress Measurement of a2+y Two-Phase TiAl AlloysHiroyuki TABATA, Toshihiko SASAKI, Yukio HIROSE and

Kouichi MARUYAMA

349

VI

Mechanical Properties of Ni3(Al, Hf) Single Crystals

Philippe SPATIG, Joel BONNEVILLE and Jean-Luc MARTIN

353

Dislocation Microstructure in Ll2-Type Ni3Si PolycrystalsMitsuhiko YOSHIDA and Takayuki TAKASUGI

357

Anomalous Strength Behavior in IVa-VIII B2 Intermetallic CompoundsTakayuki TAKASUGI, Mitsuhiko YOSHIDA, Shuji HANADA and

Daisuke SHINDO

361

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of a Ni3Al Synthesized under Compres¬sion

Gang LI, Zhong-Guang WANG, Chang-Xu SHI and V. OVCHARENKO

365

Serrated Flow in High Temperature Deformation of L12-(A1, X)3Ti AlloysKei-ichi FUKUNAGA and Yasuhiro MIURA

369

Strengthening Mechanism of Magnetic Intermetallic Compound

Nd2(FeCoNi)I4B by Precipitation of TiB2M. SHIMOTOMAI and Y. FUKUDA

373

Thermal Residual Stresses in Planar Random Fibre MMCs

B. JOHANNESSON, T. LORENTZEN and O. B. PEDERSEN

377

Hardening Behaviour of Metal Matrix Composites Coupled to Numerical

Predictions

N. HANSEN, D. Juul JENSEN, Y. L. LIU and N. J. S0RENSEN

381

Flow Stress of Al-SiC Composites Deformed to a Large Range of Strains

Y. L. LIU, D. Juul JENSEN and N. HANSEN

385

Mesomechanical Approach to Temperature-Dependence of Tensile Strength of

Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites

Shojiro OCHIAI, Kozo OSAMURA, Masaki HOJO, Kenji MATSUNAGA,

Yoshiharu WAKU and Takemi YAMAMURA

389

Feature of Aging Microstructure in SiCw/AZ91 Magnesium Alloy Composite

Kun WU, Jihong LI, Akihiko KAMIO and Congkai YAO393

Fracture and Toughness 397

Nucleation of an Elliptic Dislocation Loop from a Crack Tip

D. H. KIM and Jin YU399

Interactions of a Crack with Crystal Defects and Their Effect on Crack Extension

Nobutaka NARITA, Katsuyuki MATSUNAGA, Kenji HIGASHIDA and

Hirohiko ADACHI403

vii

Crack Tip Shielding/Antishielding by Dislocations in Ionic CrystalsKenji HIGASHIDA, Nobutaka NARITA, Manabu KAMURA,Sadami MINATO, Katsuyuki MATSUNAGA and Ryuta ONODERA

407

A New Model of the Brittle-to-Ductile Transition Based on a Collective Disloca¬

tion Generation InstabilityM. KHANTHA, D. P. POPE and V. VITEK

411

Physical Mezomechanics of Plastic Deformation and Fracture of Solids

Victor E. PANIN

415

Strength, Toughness and Microstructure in TiAl Type Casting Intermetallic

CompoundMitsuo NIINOMI, Toshiro KOBAYASHI, Masahiko IWAI, Yasushi ITO and

Tomoaki HIROTA

419

Effects of Hydrogen on Microstructure and Fracture of Titanium Aluminide

AlloysAnthony W. THOMPSON, Xavier PIERRON and David B. ALLEN

423

Fracture Characterization of Recrystallized Ni3Al Unidirectionally Solidified bya Floating Zone Method

Fukuji INOKO, Dong Cheng ZHANG, Minoru TAGAMI and

Toshiyuki HIRANO427

Brittle Fracture Mechanisms of CoSi2 Single Crystals at Room TemperatureP. N. B. ANONGBA, S. OBERLI and S. G. STEINEMANN

431

Micro-Indentation Fracture of Zr02(Y203)-25 vol%Al203 Composite Studied byTransmission Electron Microscopy

Byong-Taek LEE, Akio NISHIYAMA and Kenji HIRAGA

435

Phosphorus Influence on the Intergranular Brittleness of Single and Double

Phase Iron Alloys

Georgij A. PAKHARENKO, Yurij MESHKOV and

Boris Y. YENDRZHIEVSKY

439

Determination and Assessment of Welding Residual Stresses and Their Effects on

the Fracture Toughness of 20 MnMoNi55 Steel

Abdel-Salam M. ELEICHE, Mohamed S. EL-FADALY and Winfred DAHL

443

Effect of Laminated Cracks on Toughness of Al-Li System AlloyToshiro KOBAYASHI, Mitsuo NIINOMI, Izuru KANOYA and

Hiroki YAMADA

447

Fracture Micromechanisms in an Al-Si-Mg Casting AlloyC. H. CACERES and J. R. GRIFFITHS

451

VUl

Fracture Strength and Microstructure Relations in Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al AlloyMitsuo NIINOMI, Toshiro KOBAYASHI, Yukitoshi OHYABU and

Osamu TORIYAMA

455

Development of Dislocation Substructure and Fracture Behaviour of HSLA Steel

S. T. MANDZIEJ

459

The Effect of the Morphology of Nonmetallic Inclusions on the Mechanical

Properties of Ultrahigh-Strength Low-Alloy Steel

Yoshiyuki TOMITA

463

Fatigue 461

A Static-Dynamic Model of Cyclic Saturation

O. B. PEDERSEN

469

Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Polycrystalline Copper

M. N. BASSIM and C: D. LIU

473

Temperature Influence on the Dislocation Structure and the Glide Heterogeneityin Cyclically Deformed Nickel MonocrystalsCarl HOLSTE, Jorg BRETSCHNEIDER and Thomas HACHE

477

On the Fatigue Behaviour of a-Iron Polycrystals and its Dependence onTempera¬

ture and Carbon Content

H. MUGHRABI, C. SOMMER and D. LOCHNER

481

Fatigue and Dislocation Structures in Short-Range Ordered Alloys

Klaus WOLF, Hector A. CALDERON and Gemot KOSTORZ

485

Phase Coupling and Low Cycle Fatigue in a Duplex Stainless Steel

M. T. JENSEN, P. BR0NDSTED, B. S. JOHANSEN, T. LORENTZEN and

O. B. PEDERSEN489

The Role of Hydrogen in the Fatigue Response of a Near Alpha Titanium Alloy

W. J. EVANS and M. R. BACHE

493

Impact Fatigue Behaviours and Dislocation Structures in Low Carbon Steel and

Austenitic Stainless Steel

Pingsheng YANG, Yuxu TAN and Huijiu ZHOU497

Defect Sensitive Fatigue in a Cast Aluminium Alloy

W. J. EVANS, H. V. JONES, J. A. SPITTLE and S. G. R. BROWN

501

Influence of Aging on Low Cycle Fatigue Behavior in 8090 Al-Li Alloy

S. H. AI, Z. G. WANG, Y. ZHANG, X. L. HAN and Y. Q. WU

505

ix

An In-Situ Study of the Fracture Mechanisms of 2024 Al-SiCw CompositesYu Hong LIU, Zhong Guang WANG and Zong Yi MA

509

Dependence of Crystallographic Orientation on Fatigue Crack Growth of

Fe-30%Cr Alloy Single CrystalsYoshihisa KANEKO, Satoshi HASHIMOTO, Takuro MIMAKI and Sei MIURA

513

Subsequent Recrystallizations Technique of Fatigue Damage Accumulation

around Notch in 304 Stainless Steel

Yutaka UNO

517

Fatigue Crack Closure for Microstructurally Small Cracks at a Notch Root

W. J. EVANS, A. GOULDING and S. H. SPENCE

521

Growth Behavior of Microstructurally-Short Cracks in the 6061 Aluminum AlloyReinforced with 22 vol% SiC Whisker

Hiroyuki TODA and Toshiro KOBAYASHI

525

Crack Initiation and Growth Characteristics in the Dynamic and Static Fracture

Toughness Tests of SiC Whisker/Al. Alloy CompositeToshiro KOBAYASHI, Hiroyuki TODA and Masashi MURAKAMI

529

Effect of Microstructure on Fatigue Crack Propagation in Alpha-Beta Titanium

AlloysJames C. CHESNUTT, Anthony W. THOMPSON and James C. WILLIAMS

533

Creep 537

The Evaluation of Strengthening Due to Solute Drag as a Function of Tempera¬ture and Strain Rate

Ramachandra K. UPADHYAYA, Bradley J. DIAK and Shigeo SAIMOTO

539

Kirkendall Effect and Deformation in Solid-Solid Diffusion CouplesAbdelaziz NACER, Mohamed BOURKIZA and Said RECHAK

543

Effect of Nitrogen on High Temperature Deformation of Alpha-Iron and its

Solid Solutions

Hiroyuki SATO, Takashi MOTOYOSHI and Hiroshi OIKAWA

547

A New Technique for the Threshold Stress Determination in Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys

Fuyuki YOSHIDA, Hideharu NAKASHIMA and Hideo YOSHINAGA

551

Creep Behavior of Mg-0.5 mol%Mn Alloy around 600 K

Mayumi SUZUKI, Hiroyuki SATO and Hiroshi OIKAWA

555

x

Indentation Creep Deformation by Pencil-Glide in Tin CrystalsMasami FUJIWARA

559Micromechanical Modelling of the Creep Behaviour of Superalloys Part I: SinglePhase Material

Martin HEILMAIER, Katharina WETZEL and Bernd REPPICH

563

Micromechanical Modelling of the Creep Behaviour of Superalloys Part II:

Particle-Strengthened Material

Martin HEILMAIER, Katharina WETZEL, Jorg WUNDER and

Bernd REPPICH

567

The Omega Method—An Effective Method for Life and Damage Prediction in

Creep Tests and Service

Martin PRAGER

571

Examination of the Effects of Materials Variables in Advanced Alloys byStudying Creep Deformation Behavior

Martin PRAGER and Fujimitsu MASUYAMA

575

The Effect of the Change of the Deformation Path at High Temperature in

Polycrystalline Metals

W. BOCHNIAK and A. KORBEL

579

Load and Strain Controlled Deformation of a Single Crystal Superalloy—Modelling and Validation

Li-Mei PAN, R. N. GHOSH and M. MCLEAN

583

High Temperature Creep/Fatigue Deformation of Single Crystal Nickel Base

SuperalloyJozef ZRNIK, Z. G. WANG, M. ZITNANSKY and P. PINKE

587

Microstructure- and Microtexture-Development during High Temperature Low

Cycle FatigueSabine WEIfi, Gabriele BRUCKNER and Giinter GOTTSTEIN

591

A Phenomenological Model of Creep Transient at Power Law Region

Bong Sang LEE, Hermann STAMM and Soo Woo NAM

595

The Effect of a Boundary Node on Intergranular Fracture of an a-CuAl Alloy at

Intermediate TemperaturesSusumu ONAKA, Fumihiko TAJIMA, Satoshi HASHIMOTO and Sei MIURA

599

Effect of Distribution of Grain-Boundary Particles on Intermediate-TemperatureEmbrittlement of Cu-Si02 BicrystalsHiromi MIURA, Taku SAKAI, Masaharu KATO and T. MORI

603

»

Fractal Dimension of Grain-Boundary Fracture in High-Temperature Creep of

Metallic Materials

Manabu TANAKA

607

Relaxation of Crack Tip Stresses by Diffusive Growth of Grain Boundary

Cavities

J. Y. JEON and Jin YU

611

Analysis of Crack Growth Behavior for Silicon Nitride Ceramics at High Temper¬ature

Michinari ASANO, Toshiro KOBAYASHI and Yoshihiro TAKASU

615

Experimental Evidence of Precipitate Coarsening due to Recovery, Recrystalliza-tion, and Grain Growth

W. KESTERNICH and D. MEERTENS

619

Development of Microstructure and Deformation Resistance of the Martensitic

Steel X 22 CrMoV 121 during Long-Term CreepStefan STRAUB, Peter POLCIK and Wolfgang BLUM

623

Phase Stability and Creep Behavior of 10Cr-30Mn Austenitic Steels

Fujio ABE

627

The Correlation of Dynamic Internal Friction with the Evolution of Dislocation

Substructure during CreepQ. P. KONG, X. M. LI, H. ZHOU and X. WANG

631

Microstructure Evolution in a Hydrogen-Alloyed Titanium Alloy During Defor¬

mation at Elevated TemperaturesO. N. SENKOV

635

Transformation-Induced Plasticity of a Hydrogen Alloyed Titanium AlloyO. N. SENKOV and E. G. PONYATOVSKY

639

Creep Strength of Materials 643

Abnormal Creep Deformation Behaviour and Inherent Creep Strength of

Carbon Steel

Kazuhiro KIMURA, Hideaki KUSHIMA and Koichi YAGI

645

Long-Term Stress Relaxation Behaviour of NCF 800H AlloyToshio OHBA, Osamu KANEMARU, Koichi YAGI and Chiaki TANAKA

649

Characterization of Long-Term Creep Strength for 12Cr Steels

Hideaki KUSHIMA, Kazuhiro KIMURA, Koichi YAGI and

Kouichi MARUYAMA

653

Xll

Effect of Structures and Residual Elements on Creep Behavior of Modified9Cr-lMo Steel

Fujimitsu MASUYAMA and Nobuhiko NISHIMURA

657On the Nature of Grain Refinement Influence on Mechanical Behaviuor of

Aluminium AlloysMeer Kh. RABINOVICH and Michael V. MARKUSHEV

661

Factors Affecting the Creep Rate and Creep Lifeof a 2.25Cr-lMo Steel underConstant Load

Takao ENDO and Jianzhong SHI

665Microstructure and Constitutive Equations in Creep of Cold Worked AISI 347Stainless Steel

E. EVANGELISTA, D. D'ANGELO, L. KLOC, A. ROSEN andS. SPIGARELLI

669Effects of Nitrides on the High Temperature Strength and Deformation Behaviorof High Manganese-Chromium Austenitic Steels

Kazuya MIYAHARA, Dong-Su BAE, Tetsuyuki KIMURA, Yukio SHIMOIDE

and Yuzo HOSOI

673

Effect of Cold Work on Creep Properties of Ni-22Cr-18Fe-9Mo AlloyYuji KURATA, Shozo HAMADA and Hajime NAKAJIMA

677

Study of High Temperature Deformation of Ni-Based Superalloy Single Crystalsby a Shear Creep Technique and Transmission Electron Microscopy

Michel DUPEUX, Helene ROUAULT-ROGEZ and Laurent MANIGUET

681

High Temperature High Voltage Electron Microscope In Situ Observation of

Deformation Mechanisms in Single Crystal SuperalloysMatthias KOLBE, Joseph PELISSIER, Michel IGNAT, Barbara SHOLLOCK,Malcolm MCLEAN, Michel DUPEUX, Avraam KALOGERIDIS,

Rosario MALDONADO and Eckhard NEMBACH

685

Dislocation Motion in Ni-Basis Superalloys, a Quantitative Comparison between

Simulation Calculations, TEM Observations and Bulk Measurements

Thomas PRETORIUS and Dietrich RONNPAGEL

689

Microstructural Changes in a Nickel Based Superalloy Single Crystal Submitted

to Bending Creep Tests at High Temperature

Jean-Yves BUFFIERE, Muriel VERON, Michel IGNAT, Michel DUPEUX and

Jean-Michel TERRIEZ

693

Cyclic Creep Behaviour of Nickel Base SuperalloysMaurizio MALDINI and Valentino LUPINC

697

xni

High Temperature Deformation in Ni-Al-Cr fi/y'/y AlloysHiroyuki SENBA and Masaaki IGARASHI

701

The Effect of Raft Formation on the High-Temperature Creep Deformation

Behaviour of the Monocrystalline Nickel-Base Superalloy CMSX-4

H. MUGHRABI, W. SCHNEIDER, V. SASS and C. LANG

705

Double Shear Creep Deformation of Superalloy Single CrystalsC. MAYR, G. EGGELER and A. DLOUHY

709

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Mechanisms Involved in the Deformation of the Matrix of

a yly' Superalloy In Situ ExperimentsN. CLEMENT, M. BENYOUCEF and A. COUJOU

713

High Temperature In-Situ TEM Observation of Dislocation Processes in Fe3AlHarald ROSNER, Guy MOLfiNAT and Eckhard NEMBACH

717

Deformation Behaviour of Ni3Al Single Crystal at Elevated TemperaturesShiomi KIKUCHI and Akiharu TAKAO

721

Dynamic Recrystallization and Deformation Mechanisms of Cu and Ni3AIduring Hot Deformation

Dirk PONGE, Eike BRUNGER and Gunter GOTTSTEIN

725

Dynamic Recrystallization Regions in the Creep of Ti-53A1 Intermetallics

Yukio ISHIKAWA, Norihiko HAMADA, Kouichi MARUYAMA and

Hiroshi OIKAWA

729

Creep Behavior and Substructures of a2 Ti-27 mol%Al Intermetallics

M. OHTSUKA, T. FUKUDA and H. OIKAWA

733

Plastic Deformation of SrTi03 Single CrystalsHirokazu KOIZUMI, Satoru KATAKURA, Takayoshi SUZUKI,Takahisa YAMAMOTO and Taketo SAKUMA

737

Dislocation Processes during the Plastic Deformation of Cubic Zirconia SingleCrystalsUlrich MESSERSCHMIDT, Bernd BAUFELD, Dietmar BAITHER,Martin BARTSCH, Ken J. MCCLELLAN and Arthur H. HEUER

741

Strengthening of NiAl at High TemperatureL. WANG and R. J. ARSENAULT

745The Structure and High-Temperature Deformation Properties in DispersionHardened MA A1-A1203-A14C3 AlloysNorio MATSUDA and Keisuke MATSUURA

749

XIV

Effects of Fibre Orientation on the Creep Strength of a Continuous Alumina

Fibre-Reinforced Aluminium CompositeKeisuke MATSUURA, Norio MATSUDA and Kazuhiro HONGO

753

A Physical Model of Creep in Short Fibre Reinforced Aluminium AlloysA. DLOUHY and G. EGGELER

757

A Creep Rupture Model of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Compo¬sites

Nobutada OHNO and Takushi MIYAKE

761

Analysis of Deformation Mechanisms in the High Temperature Creep of an

Alumina Matrix Composite Reinforced with SiC Whiskers

Kenong XIA and Terence G. LANGDON

765

Effects of Microstructural Parameters of Reinforcements on High Temperature

Creep Behavior of SiC/2124Al Metal Matrix CompositesSoon H. HONG and Kyung H. CHUNG

769

Microstructural Effects during High Temperature Deformation of A356 Alloy

and A356+15 v%SiCp CompositeH. J. MCQUEEN, E. KONOPLEVA and M. MYSHLYAEV

773

High Temperature Deformation Characteristics of Fine Grained Aluminum-

A1203 AlloysKoichi TSUCHIYA, Kenzaburo MARUKAWA and Julia R. WEERTMAN

777

High Temperature Deformation 781

Relationship of Energy Dissipation Efficiency to Flow Curve Shape and Micros¬

tructure

H. J. MCQUEEN783

Theory of High-Temperature Yielding in Solid-Solution Alloys

Akira NOHARA

787

Stress Oscillation in High Temperature Compressive Tests of Aluminum Single

Crystals of 99.999% Purity

Kosuke TANAKA, Masahisa OTSUKA and Hiroshi YAMAGATA

791

Yield Point Phenomenon and Dynamic Recrystallization of Cu-Be Alloy During

Hot Deformation

Taku SAKAI, Hiromi MIURA and Naokuni MURAMATSU

795

XV

Hot Working Behaviour of 7012 and 7075 Aluminum Alloys after Different

Thermal Treatments

Emanuela CERRI, Enrico EVANGELISTA, Archimede FORCELLESE and

Hugh MCQUEEN799

Comparison of Substructures in Al Al-llZn and Al-5Mg, Deformed at High

Temperatures to the Same Flow Stresses

Q. ZHU, V. DEMUTH, W. BLUM and H. MCQUEEN803

Strength and Ductility of Powder Metallurgy Aluminum Alloys under Hot

Working Conditions

Emanuela CERRI, Enrico EVANGELISTA, Archimede FORCELLESE,

Paolo FIORINI and Jerzy STOBRAWA

807

Work Hardening and Softening Processes during High Temperature Deforma¬

tion of Copper-Nickel AlloysS. WIERZBINSKI and A. KORBEL

811

On Creep and Superplasticity in Fine-Grained Structures Produced by Crystalliza¬tion of Amorphous AlloysFrank NUXOLL, Jens GOSSING, Holger BRANDT and

Hartmut NEUHAUSER

815

Fine-Grained Structure Evolution and Superplasticity in Warm-Worked 7075

Aluminum Alloy

Xuyue YANG, Hiromi MIURA and Taku SAKAI

819

Observations of Cooperative Grain Boundary Sliding in SuperplasticallyDeformed y-TiAlW. B. LEE, M. G. ZELIN and A. K. MUKHERJEE

823

Deformation Behavior of Titanium Alloys Samples with Superplastic Layer(s)Q. LI, M. G. ZELIN, H. S. YANG and A. K. MUKHERJEE

827

Hot Deformation Behavior of Rapidly Solidified Al-9Fe and Al-14Fe AlloysYeon Chul YOO, Jeong Sic JEON and Joon Hang LEE

831

Concurrent Grain Growth during High-Temperature Deformation in Alumina

Ceramics

P. THAVORNITI and T. SAKUMA

835

Tensile Ductility in Al2O3-10 wt%Zr02(2.5 mol%Y203)Kazuki OKADA and Taketo SAKUMA

839

Cavity Growth in a Fine-Grained Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia duringSuperplastic Deformation

Keijiro HIRAGA and Eijyu TAKAKURA

843

XVI

Strength of Small-Scale Materials 847

Analysis of the Mechanical Stability of Film on Substrate Systems by "In-Situ

Experiments"M. IGNAT and P. SCAFIDI

849The Scratch Test of Ceramic Films on WC-Co Alloy SubstrateJun-ichi ECHIGOYA

853Dislocation Damping and Microplasticity of Aluminum Thin Films on a

Substrate

Yoichi NISHINO and Shigeru ASANO

857Mechanical Properties of Cu-Ni Super-Laminates Fabricated by RollingShiomi KIKUCHI, Hideyuki KUWAHARA and Syunji URAI

861

An Interpretation of the Indentation Size/Load Effect on Diamond PyramidHardness

Kazuhiro YASUDA, Kazutoshi SHINOHARA, Chiken KINOSHITA and

Masahiko ARAI

865

High-Strength Quasicrystalline AlloysAkihisa INOUE, Hisamichi KIMURA, Mitsuru WATANABE and

Tsuyoshi MASUMOTO

869

A Grain Boundary Model of Hall-Petch Relationship in NanocrystallineMaterials

Shouxin LI, Lizhi SUN and Zhongguang WANG

873

The Role of Internal Stresses in the Deformation Behaviour of NanocrystalsAirat A. NAZAROV, Alexey E. ROMANOV, Rouslan Z. VALIEV and

Bernard BAUDELET

877

Grain Boundary Structure and Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Materi¬

als

Ruslan Z. VALIEV

881

Interface-Related Phenomena 885

Energetical Approach to Modelling Grain Boundary Misorientation SpectrumDetermined by Real ODF

A. P. ZHILYAEV, A. I. PSHENICHNYUK and R. Z. VALIEV

887

Damage Nucleation of Alpha-Zirconium PolycrystalsSabine CARE and Thierry BRETHEAU

891

XVll

Phase Reactions and Interface Strength of SiC/Nb CouplesM. NAKA and J. C. FENG

895

Interface Structure and Strength of Si3N4 Joint Brazed with Cu-Ti AlloysT. TAMAI and M. NAKA

899

Measurement of Nanometer Grain Boundary Sliding in Copper by Electron

Microscopy

Ryoichi MONZEN and Tsutomu MORI

903

The Effect of Grain Boundaries on Fatigue Behavior in High Purity TitaniumXiaoli TAN and Haicheng GU

907

Mechanical Relaxation across Grain Boundary and the Interaction of Dislocation

Substructures with Grain BoundaryT. S. KE (Ge Tingsui), P. P. CHEN and L. X. YUAN

911

Deformation and Damage of "/? treated" Zirconium during Tensile Test at

Room TemperatureJerome CREPIN and Thierry BRETHEAU

915

Observation and Interpretation of Grain Boundary Strengthening at Elevated

Temperatures in <10l0> Tilt Zinc BicrystalsAskar D. SHEIKH-ALI and Ruslan Z. VALIEV

919

Environmental Effects 923

Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pure Copper Single Crystals with Slow Strain Rate

TechniqueHitoshi UCHIDA, Shozo INOUE and Keiji KOTERAZAWA

925

Crack Propagation Process due to Hydrogen-Embrittlement in Iron SingleCrystal

Noriyuki TAKANO, Yusuke MORISAWA and Fukunaga TERASAKI929

Effect of Ordering on Susceptibility to Hydrogen Embrittlement of Ni-base

SuperalloysKaori MIYATA and Masaaki IGARASHI

933High Susceptibility to Hydrogen Embrittlement of Co3Ti IntermetallicCompoundsAkihiko KIMURA, Hiroyuki IZUMI and Toshihei MISAWA

937Influence of Hydrogen on Defects of Iron and Aluminium Investigated by TEMand Positron Annihilation

Bisong CAO, Debao WANG, Naifei GAO, Hengde LI, Yoichi ISHIDA andHideki ICHINOSE

941

xviii

Effect of Hydrogen on Shape Memory Behavior and Tensile Properties of TiNi

AlloysK. MIYAHARA, K. YAMASHITA, S. FUJIGAKI and Y. HOSOI

945

Effects of Stress Waveforms on Fatigue Crack Growth Rates of Steels in NaCl

Solutions

Sung Keun LEE and Dong Nyung LEE

949

Environmental Effects on Fatigue Crack Propagation in Alpha-Beta Titanium

Alloys

Anthony W. THOMPSON and James C. CHESNUTT

953

Hydrogen Embrittlement in Al-Mg AlloyNaohiro IGATA and Yuichi YANAGAWA

957

Late Arrivals 961

Regularities of Phase Transformations under Plastic Deformation

E. V. KOZLOV, L. A. TEPLYAKOVA, N. A. KONEVA, N. A. POPOVA and

L. N. IGNATENKO

963

The Effect of Grain Size and SiC Particulates on the Strength and Ductility of

MoSi2Amit K. GHOSH and Ajoy BASU

967

Author Index 971

XK