STRENGTHENING GERMPLASM SECURITY FOR NGOS AND

SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN INDONESIA

ByFransiskus Harum and James Roshetko

Delivering trees to farmers: improving for germplasm supplyTraining workshop, Monday the 29th October to 2nd of November 2007

Nairobi, Kenya

Introduction Purpose of the work: i). To

strengthen the technical awareness and skills of NGOs and smallholders regarding tree germplasm; and ii) to increase the availability and use of quality germplasm by NGOs and smallholders

Partners and Collaborators• Indonesia Forest Seed

Project (DANIDA)• Directorate of Forest

Tree seed, Ministry of Forestry

• Tree Seed Centres• ICRAF-SEA• Local NGOs• Seed Dealers

International research organizations

National research organizations

International seed companies

Farmers and Farmer Groups

Large private plantations

National NGOs

Small private nurseries

National extension organizations

Qua

ntit

yQ

uali

ty

Farmers and NGOs have weak linkages to tree seed resources

They need to develop their own seed security – seed production one part

Local (farmer & NGO) pathwaysLocal (farmer & NGO) pathwaysFarmers/NGOs acquire seed from informal sources

* Collect from local forests, woodlots, or farms* Exchange with family or friends

This local pathways operate in recurrent isolation – * Seed collected repeatedly from the same sources* ‘New seed’ only occasional enters the local population

Farmers/NGOs do not follow suitable seed collection protocol* Collect seed from 1-5 trees* Collect from trees that are easy to access* Quality of mother tree rarely considered* Distance between trees not considered* Origins of trees not considered (unknown or small population)

Locally collected seed is often of suspect quality

Why Farmer Seed Production ?

Seed quality and quantity !!!

Problem for all partners Seed shortages are common Use whatever seed is available No direct access to quality seed

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Flow of seed in and out of Wonogiri-PonorogoFlow of seed in and out of Wonogiri-PonorogoFlow of seed in and out of Wonogiri-PonorogoFlow of seed in and out of Wonogiri-Ponorogo

INDONESIA

17% from Sumatra

75% from Wonogiri-Ponorogo 5% from

Madura1% from

Nusa Tenggara

10% to Java

19% toSumatra

28% to Kalimantan

0.5% Abroad

20% toSulawesi

5% toNusa Tenggara

0.5% to Bali

17% toWest Papua

Key:In flow of seedOut flow of seed

INDONESIAINDONESIA

17% from Sumatra

75% from Wonogiri-Ponorogo 5% from

Madura1% from

Nusa Tenggara

10% to Java

19% toSumatra

28% to Kalimantan

0.5% Abroad

20% toSulawesi

5% toNusa Tenggara

0.5% to Bali

17% toWest Papua

Key:In flow of seedOut flow of seed

Wonogiri-Ponorogo Seed Pathway - 4 types of actorsWonogiri-Ponorogo Seed Pathway - 4 types of actors Wonogiri-Ponorogo Seed Pathway - 4 types of actorsWonogiri-Ponorogo Seed Pathway - 4 types of actors

• Farmers collect seed• Local dealers organize seed collection for

dealers/middlemen• Middlemen purchase from dealers/companies• Companies: dry, clean, sort, store and supply seed to

local, national and international customers

Remarks: % = percentage of seed flowing to next actor

* 24% (362 tons) is exchanged between suppliers

Seed ProcurementWonogiri – Ponorogo 873 tons

Seed Procurement1,149 tons

Seed companie

s

Middlemen

Consumers24%*(362 tons)

93%(1.069 tons)

7%80 tons

Wonogiri & Ponorogo

Seed collectors

Local dealers

9%(79

tons)

37%(323 tons)

Other Location

276 tons

46%(402 tons)

54%(471 tons)

Seed procurement and distribution pathways in Central and East Java

Interventions (activities) Surveys, meetings and participatory appraisals to identify

current pathways, capacity and constraints Training courses, field visits and workshops to enhance

germplasm awareness and skills (focused on topics identified in 1)

Technical documents in English and Indonesian on priority topics.

Design and establishment of ‘farmer demonstrations trials (FDTs)’

Evaluate the formation of NGO- or farmer-based seed procurement/diffusion entities (with appropriate links to seed centres)

Procurement of good quality germplasm Develop NGOs – farmers tree seed supply enterprise Design and establishment of community base seed orchard

Major Constraints Selection of NGOs and Smallholder farmers as

local partner. It is very important to work with NGOs who is dealing with the related activities (Agriculture sector) and has been working with selected community groups

Less support from government institution on working with NGOs and smallholder farmers

Limited of high quality germplasm from improved seed sources. Only 5 major species are available mainly for own consumption (big companies)

Lessons for the future Establishment and management of Community based Seed Orchards is

good approach for smallholder farmers. It is not meant to replace Seed Orchards, Seed Production Areas, or Seed Stands.

Key activities should be maintained Improving seed collection and management skills Enhancing access to technical information Promoting the use of technically sounds collection guidelines Establishing local seed sources and tree plantings with quality seed Strengthen linkages between farmers/NGOs and formal seed sector

(government, forest industry, seed suppliers)

These measures will make it possible for NGOs and farmers to improve theseed quality of the seed used at the local level!!!