Stress and Anxiety:Time for a Change

Women’s Health Series

September 29, 2009

What we’ll cover today:

Definitions Agents of Disease:

Biochemical / Physiological root of anxiety Psychological root of anxiety

What Makes Populations Vulnerable: Social roots of anxiety Structural roots of anxiety

Making a Change!

Definition: StressStress is our own mental or physical response to

external changes and difficulties

Definition: Anxiety

Persistent stress that is not resolved through coping or adaptation, deemed distress, may lead to anxiety or

withdrawal behaviour (depression).

Anxiety is a psychological and physiological state characterized by cognitive, somatic, emotional, and

behavioural components. These components combine to create an unpleasant feeling that is

typically associated with uneasiness, fear, or worry.

AGENTS OF DISEASE Biochemical / Physiological Psychological

Biochemical / PhysiologicalFight or Flight

Alarm is the first stage. When the threat or

stressor is identified or

realized, the body's stress response is a

state of alarm.

Resistance is the second stage. If the stressor persists, it becomes necessary to attempt some means of coping with the stress. Although the body begins to try to adapt to the strains or demands of the environment, the body cannot keep this up indefinitely, so its resources are gradually depleted.

Biochemical / Physiological

Exhaustion is the third and final stage. At this point, all of the body's resources are eventually depleted and the body is unable to maintain normal function.

Ulcers Depression Diabetes Digestive troubles Cardiovascular disease Mental health problems

Biochemical / Physiological

Psychological Primary Appraisal Secondary Appraisal

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Wrongful thinking / negative thinking “A talent for worrying really well.”

“This limited thinking focus can have detrimental effects, for ‘by obscuring the role of external factors, these biases may reinforce women’s often highly developed inward focus and self-critical attitude, and ultimately may amplify rather than diminish depression’”

WHAT MAKES POPULATIONS VULNERABLE Social roots of anxiety Structural roots of anxiety

Social Roots of Anxiety Class position “Working class kids show prolonged rises in

cortisol under any kind of stress while upper class kids showed a quick spike and decline”

Change in social context and social location

Forced displacement

Immigration

Social Roots of Anxiety

Job security Housing Nutrition Childcare Care-giving

Social Roots of Anxiety

Structural roots of anxiety

“Rich countries have reached a level of development beyond which further rises in material living standards do not help reduce health or social problems”

Critical analysis of the “stress effects of social status” and how they “vary according to the nature of the dominance hierarchy and the quality of social relations”

Superstructure of Society Conditioning

& Social Location

Power Ability to

exert control

Systemic Racism & Patriarchy “High frequency, low

intensity insults … where one is constantly forced to make strategic decisions… “Am I walking so slowly that the cop will think I am loitering or am I walking so fast he will think I am running from the scene of a crime?”

Commodification of women & constant “social evaluative threats”

WHAT CAN WE DO TO MAKE A CHANGE?

Incorporate All 4 Perspectives Biochemical /

Physiological Psychological Social Structural

COLLECTIVE APPROACH Sharing stress reduction techniques “Friendship Networks” Demand adequate access to services Community organization for social change