STROKE

By: Anthony

Ayo

G. Bio. 1305 -11:30 am - 12:20 pm, MWF -Fall '11 -Dr. Saheba

Personal Reasons:

I chose this topic because my grandmother died of a stroke when I was in sixth grade. I was around 12 or 13 at that time. I didn’t know anything about strokes. My Grandmothers death hit me hard. While growing up I learned small information about strokes. I chose this topic personally because I want to know more about the disease that killed my grandmother and I also want to know more about it just incase I'm near someone that is having a stroke.

Education:Before doing this project I knew very little about the topic. My education in high school touched very little on this project and my mother just told me a stroke is a an Artery getting blocked .I just dismissed my grandmothers death and cause completely. I’m hoping to use this project to hopefully learn more about stroke. In my first year at UTEP I did a Paper on Heart disease and stroke but I focused mostly on just Heart disease. I barely focused on stroke so I wanted to do this research so I learn more about stroke

Myths about Strokes•There are several Myths about strokes:

•The first myth is that stroke is unpreventable. •Two Strokes cannot be treated. •Three stroke only strikes the elderly. Four strokes happen to the heart. •Fifth u recover from a stroke in the first few months after following a stroke.

Answer to the Myths

In reality a stroke is highly preventable. Strokes can be treated but in most cases its usually emergency treatment. Strokes happen mostly to the elderly but they can happen to anybody. Strokes are not in the heart but is actually an attack against the brain. To recover from a stroke actually is throughout the victims life not just in the few months after the stroke.

Introduction:There are two major types of heart

diseaseThe deadliest type heart Disease is

CAD or CHDThe second deadliest type of heart

disease is a StrokeStroke is the number 3 killer in

the United States.FYI(Cancer is 2nd)

Stroke

is the 3rd highest killer in Americais also called a “Brain Block”can also be caused when a blood

vessel around or in the brain popsSurviving a stroke gets harder the

longer it takes to receive medical attention

In 2005 Texas had the 34th most deaths due to stroke

Three Types of StrokeIschemic Stroke:

This is generally referred to as a brain block. This stroke is the most common type of stroke

and counts for 87% of all strokes Usually caused due to obstruction within a blood

vessel also called Atherosclerosis

Hemorrhagic Stroke This is usually a bleeding stroke This counts for about 13% of all stroke cases. There are two types of Hemorrhagic Strokes:

Intracerebral Hemorrhage Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Hemorrhagic and Ischemic FiguresHemorrhagic Stroke

Ischemic Stroke

Three Types of Stroke Cont.Transient Ischemic Attack:

Also known as a “Mini-Stroke” The effects are temporary and is the

sign that a bigger stroke is on the way The Warning signs for a stroke are the

same

Detailed Figures

Morbidity /Mortality /Cost

• A stroke is caused every 40 seconds in the USA.• Women have a higher chance of dying from a stroke than a man does but this changes the older an individual gets• Strokes in 2005 were the cause of 1 in 17 deaths• In 2005 every 3-4 minutes someone died due to a stroke• It is estimated that the overall cost for Stroke in 2009 will be 68.9 Billion Dollars

Morbidity /Mortality /Cost (Cont’d)

Ethnic or Racial Disparities:

Chance of death1st yr after stroke

Women 24%

Men 21%

White Male 40-69 14%

Black Male 40-69 19%

White Female 20%

Black Female 19%

Personal, Financial, and/or Social Costs•Personally a stroke can be very hard on a person. •Most if not all their bad habits (smoking, drinking, eating red meat Etc.) will have to change•There is also the fear of the possibility of having another stroke.•The of the stroke victim will also be afraid.•Financially this can be a hard on the person also. Hospital bills are expensive and could cost thousands

Individual Factors that Contribute to the Problem

Those who are at most risk are those who are smokers.

Smokers had twice the chance of getting a stroke than then those who do not smoke.

Also those who have high blood pressure have higher chance of having a stroke.

The Women’s Health Initiative or WHI did a trial which showed that women who are postmenopausal found that estrogen plus progestin had an increased chance of having an ischemic stroke.

Individual Factors that Contribute to the Problem

Individuals who have high blood cholesterol levels, hypertension, cigarette user, or has diabetes, or has some form of medication with a cholesterol lowering.

In a study of 52 countries (INTERHEART) there were 9 risk factors that could easily lead to 90 percent of all myocardial infarctions or MI.

1.Cigarette smoking

4. Diabetes 7. Low level of fruit and vegetables

2. Abnormal blood lipid levels

5. Abnormal Obesity

8. Alcohol overconsumption

3. Hypertension 6. Lack of physical activity

9. Psychosocial index

Environmental factors that contributed to both Stroke

Smoking also doubles the chance a person can have a stroke than if they did not smoke

A Report of the Surgeon General (2006) regarding second hand smoke said that those who don’t smoke but are exposed to smoke whether at work or at home have an increased risk of 25-30% chance of having some form of heart disease.

Treatment Options ( Ischemic stroke)

Treatment depends more the type of stroke u had. If u had an ischemic stroke then your best option is to get surgery where doctors try to restore the flow of blood to your brain. But if u cant get to surgery you will need to take pills with clot-busting drugs. Aspirin and Intravenous Injection of Tissue plasminogen Activator (TPA). In TPA it is an injection that is given through the arm.

Treatment Options (Hemorrhagic Stroke) This treatment focuses on Reducing

Pressure in your brain which is usually done through surgery:

Aneurysm Clipping: clam placed at the base of aneurysm to prevent it from bursting

Coiling: a catheter is used to get a coil inside the aneurysm and prevents it from connecting to other arteries.

Surgical AVM Removal: the AVM(aneurysm or Arteriovenous malformation) can be removed as long as It hasn’t grown too big

Surgery can also be done to prevent future risk

Drugs may be given to lower blood pressure

One Way that PH Professionals have tried to Eliminate or Prevent the Problem

1.Reduce Cigarette smoking

2. Reduce obesity 3.Increase level of fruit and vegetables

4. Increase amount of physical activity

6. Reduce Alcohol overconsumption

Warning Signs of a StrokeThe warning signs for stroke are

the same for all three: Numbness in the face, arms or leg Sudden Confusion, or trouble

speaking or understanding Sudden Trouble seeing in one or

both eyes Sudden trouble walking and loss of

balance or coordination Sever headache with no apparent

cause

Closing RemarksAfter doing my own research on stroke

I feel more confident in being able to possibly prevent stroke but the over all idea of stroke still scares me. Based on what I learned I know that even though stoke is a nearly incurable condition there is still hope. Stroke is some something that makes you as a person wonder about your Humanity because unlike most ailments this one relies mostly on luck.

Sources1. American Heart Association. (2009.). American Heart Association Statistics our guide to current and the

supplement to our heart & stroke fact 2009 update at-a-glance. Retrieved October 11, 2010, from http://www.americanheart.org/downloadable/heart/1240250946756LS1982%20Heart%20and%20Stroke%20Upda te.042009.pdf

2. CDC - DHDSP - About Stroke. (2010, January 14). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved October 11, 2010, from http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/about.htm

3. CDC - DHDSP - Types of Stroke. (2010, January 14). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved October 11, 2010, from http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/types_of_stroke.htm

4. Preventing Chronic Diseases: Investing wisely in Health: Preventing heart Disease and Stroke. (n.d.). CDC. Retrieved October 11, 2010, from http://www.usmayors.org/chhs/factsheets/hds.pdf

5. Hemorrhagic (Bleeds). (2011, January 14). www.strokeassociation.org. Retrieved November 4, 2011, from http://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/AboutStroke/TypesofStroke/HemorrhagicBleeds/Hemorrhagic- Bleeds_UCM_310940_Article.jsp#.Trw9c_KNOSo

6. Ischemic (Clots). (2011, September 6). www.strokeassociation.org. Retrieved November 4, 2011, from http://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/AboutStroke/TypesofStroke/IschemicClots/Ischemic-Clots_UCM_310939_Article.jsp#.Trw9KPKNOSo

7. Jordanian, M. A. (2011, January 23). Stroke. Muayad57: Stroke. Retrieved November 4, 2011, from http://muayad57.blogspot.com/2011/01/stroke.html

8. Preventing Chronic Diseases: Investing wisely in Health: Preventing heart Disease and Stroke. (n.d.). CDC. Retrieved October 11, 2010, from http://www.usmayors.org/chhs/factsheets/hds.pdf

9. Stroke. (2010, July 1). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved November 4, 2011, from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/stroke/DS00150/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs

10. Stroke Myths. (n.d.). National Stroke Association. Retrieved November 4, 2011, from http://www.stroke.org/site/PageServer?pagename=myth

11. TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack). (2011, April 26). www.strokeassociation.org. Retrieved November 10, 2011, from http://www.strokeassociation.org/STROKEORG/AboutStroke/TypesofStroke/TIA/TIA-Transient-Ischemic- Attack_UCM_310942_Article.jsp#.Trw9qfKNOSo