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Strong interaction

The strong interaction orstrong force is today understood to represent the interactionsbetween quarks andgluons as detailed by the theory ofquantum chromodynamics

(QCD). The strong force is the fundamental force mediated by gluons, acting uponquarks, antiquarks, and the gluons themselves.

Although the strong force only acts upon elementary particles directly, the force isobserved between hadronsas the nuclear force. As has been shown by many failed free

quarksearches, the elementary particles affected are unobservable directly. This

phenomenon is called confinement, a theory which allows only hadrons to be seen.

History

Before the 1970s, whenprotons and neutrons were thought to be fundamental particles,

the phrase "strong force" was what is today known as the nuclear force or the residualstrong force. What were being observed were the "residual" effects of the strong force,which act on hadrons, bothbaryons and mesons. This force was postulated to overcome

the electric repulsion between protons in thenucleus, and for its strength (at short

distances) it was dubbed the "strong force". After the discovery of quarks, scientists

realized that the force was actually acting upon the quarks and gluons making up theprotons, not the protons themselves. For some time after this realization, the older notion

was referred to as the residual strong force, and the "new" strong interaction was calledcolour force.

DetailsQuantum chromodynamics, a part of the standard model of particle physics, is a typical

non-Abelian gauge theorybased on a local (gauge) symmetry group calledSU(3). All the

particles in this theory interact with each other, through the strong force. The strength ofthe interaction is parametrized by the strong coupling constant. This strength is, as usual,

modified by the gauge colour charge of the particle. This really refers to a group

theoretical property whose meaning is explained in the article on colour charge. Quarksand gluons are the only fundamental particles which carry non-vanishing colour charge,

and hence participate in the strong interactions.

See also

Weak interaction,electromagnetic interactionandgravity

Standard model ofparticle physics and its field theoretical formulation.

Quantum field theory and gauge theory

Quantum chromodynamics and Quark matter

Internucleon force and nuclear physics

Coupling constant

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Binding energy

References

Introduction to Elementary Particles, by David J. Griffiths (New York: John Wiley

& Sons, 1987) ISBN 0-471-60386-4

The Last Sorcerers: The Path from Alchemy to the Periodic Table, by Richard

Morris (Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press, 2003) ISBN 0-309-50593-3

Gordon L. Kane (1987). Modern Elementary Particle Physics. Perseus Books.

ISBN 0-201-11749-5.

External links

MISN-0-280: The Strong Interaction (PDFfile)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0471603864http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0309505933http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0201117495http://35.9.69.219/home/modules/pdf_modules/m280.pdfhttp://35.9.69.219/home/modules/pdf_modules/m280.pdfhttp://35.9.69.219/home/modules/pdf_modules/m280.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Formathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Formathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0471603864http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0309505933http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0201117495http://35.9.69.219/home/modules/pdf_modules/m280.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Document_Format