structural analysis and ultimate limit state
TRANSCRIPT
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrike Kuhlmann
Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart
Germany
Design of composite beams
according to Eurocode 4-1-1
Lecture:
Ultimate Limit States
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
A short introduction
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ulrike Kuhlmann
Universität StuttgartInstitute of Structural DesignMain Fields: Steel, Timber and Composite StructuresPfaffenwaldring 770569 StuttgartGermany
Phone +49 711 685 66245fax +49 711 685 66236Email [email protected]
http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/ke/
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Contents
1 - SCOPE
2 - SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
3 - METHODS OF GLOBAL ANALYSIS
4 - VERIFICATION FOR BENDING AND SHEAR FOR ULS
5 - SHEAR CONNECTION
Design of composite beams according to Eurocode 4-1-1
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Part 1:
SCOPE
Car park, Messe Stuttgart
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Definitions according EN 1994-1-1 [§1.5.2]
COMPOSITE MEMBERa structural member with components of concrete and of structural or cold-formed steel, interconnected by shear connection so as to limit the longitudinal slip between concrete and steel and the separation of one component from the other
SHEAR CONNECTIONan interconnection between the concrete and steel components of a composite member that has sufficient strength and stiffness to enable the two components to be designed as parts of a single structural member
COMPOSITE BEAMa composite member subjected mainly to bending
1 Scope
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
composite behaviour no composite behaviour
acting as one section
composite beam steel beam with concrete slab
COMPOSITE BEHAVIOUR
acting as two individual sections
ε ε
1 Scope
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
TYPICAL COMPOSITE BEAMS
Seite 4 von Hanswille einfügen
1 Scope
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Materials according EN 1994-1-1 [§ 3]
CONCRETE
REINFORCEMENT
STRUCTURAL STEEL
> C 20/25; LC 20/25
< C 60/75; LC 60/75
Acc. EN 1992-1-1 § 3.2
strength: 400 N/mm2 ≤ fy,k ≤ 600 N/mm2
ductility: 1,05 ≤ (ft/fy)k ≤ 1,35
fy ≤ 460 N/mm2
CONNECTING DEVICESHeaded stud shear connector acc. EN 13918
structural steel
connecting devices
reinforcement
concrete
1 Scope
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Part 2:
SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
source:[ESDEP]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
• Non-linear material behaviour
• Influence of erection and load history
• Influence of creep and shrinkage
• Influence of composite interaction
Characteristics
source:[ESDEP]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Non-linear material behaviour
q1
w1 w2 w3 w4
q2
q3
q4
q
w
w w
ϕ
M-pl,Rd
Cross-section
at supportin span
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
M+pl,Rd
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Non-linear material behaviour
q1
w1 w2 w3 w4
q2
q3
q4
q
w
w w
ϕ
M-pl,Rd
Cross-section
at supportin span
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
q1 – first cracking (concrete slab) at support
M+pl,Rd
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Non-linear material behaviour
q1
w1 w2 w3 w4
q2
q3
q4
q
w
w w
ϕ
M-pl,Rd
Cross-section
at supportin span
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
q2 – first yielding (steel section) at support
M+pl,Rd
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Non-linear material behaviour
q1
w1 w2 w3 w4
q2
q3
q4
q
w
w w
ϕ
M-pl,Rd
Cross-section
at supportin span
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
q3 – first plastic hinge M-pl.Rd at support
M+pl,Rd
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Non-linear material behaviour
q1
w1 w2 w3 w4
q2
q3
q4
q
w
w w
ϕ
Cross-section
at supportin span
M-pl,Rd
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
q4 – last plastic hinge M+pl.Rd in span
M+pl,Rd
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
M+pl,Rd
M+pl,Rd
M-pl,Rd
M-pl,Rd
Cross-section in span
Cross-section at support
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
Non-linear material behaviour
+
-αcfcd
fyd
fyd
fyd
fsd
++
-
q1
q2
q3
q4
q MM
κ
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
High efficiency of plastic hinge theory due to difference of plastic bending moment in span and at support - requires rotation capacity of section with first plastic hinge (at support)
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0
2,0
4,0
6,0
8,0
10,0
12,0
q4 = qpl
q3
Δq
ql2q =
Mpl,span
Mpl,span
Mpl,supportηpl =
load level q3
load level q4= qpl
Mpl,support
Mpl,support
Mpl,span
l l
qNon-linear material behaviour
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
Non-linear material behaviour
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
[Source: Hanswille]
Non-linear material behaviour
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
[Source: Hanswille]
Classes 1 and 2
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
Non-linear material behaviour
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
Non-linear material behaviour
[Source: Hanswille]
Class 3
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
[Source: Hanswille]
Classification with partial concrete encasement
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
Non-linear material behaviour
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Reinforcement in tension flanges
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
Non-linear material behaviour
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Influence of erection and load history
Example: Bridge Arminiusstraße in Dortmund
- erection steel structure
3 spansR = 900 m
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Raising at inner supportsExample:Bridge Arminiusstraße in Dortmund
- raising at inner supports- scaffolding hanging at steel structure- concreting and hardening of concrete- lowering at inner supports- finalizing (pavement etc.)- traffic opening
Influence of erection and load history
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
[Source: Hanswille]
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
Influence of erection and load history
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
A
B
C
unpropped construction
propped construction
propped construction + jacking of props
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
[Source: Hanswille]
Influence of erection and load history
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
The bending capacity Mpl,Rd is independent of the loading history in case of Class 1 or Class 2 cross sections
Using Class 3 or Class 4 cross sections the elastic behaviour of the loading history has to be taken into account in ULS
[Source: Hanswille]
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
Influence of erection and load history
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Influence of creep and shrinkage
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
The effects of shrinkage and creep of concrete result in internal forces in cross sections, and curvatures and longitudinal strains in members
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
Due to creep and shrinkage:
For statically determinate structures: only external deformations
For Class 1 and 2 sections bending capacity independent of creep and shrinkage
For Class 3 and 4 sections creep and shrinkage has to be considered
[Source: Hanswille]
Influence of creep and shrinkage
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
[Source: Hanswille]
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
In statically indeterminate structures the primary effects of shrinkage and creep are associated with additional action effects, such that the total effects are compatible;
These shall be classified as secondary effects and shall be considered as indirect actions in any case
Influence of creep and shrinkage
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Influence of composite interaction
[Source: Hanswille]
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
MRd MEd
MR
Mpl,Rd
Mpl,a,Rd
ηi 1,0 Ncf
Ncη =
A
B
CA
B
C
Ncf normal force in the concrete slab
due to Mpl,Rd
ε σ
Nc=0
η...degree of shear connections
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
2 Specific characteristics of structural analysis
MRd MEd
MR
Mpl,Rd
Mpl,a,Rd
ηi 1,0 Ncf
Ncη=
A
B
CA
B
C
Ncf normal force in the concrete slab
due to Mpl,Rd
e σ
Nc=0
η = 0
0 < η < 1
η = 1
no shear connection acting as 2 independent sections
full shear connection acting as one section without slip full plastic resistance Mpl,Rd
partial shear connection acting as one section with slip at interfacebending resistance depending on shear connection
Influence of composite interaction
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Part 3:
METHODS OF GLOBAL ANALYSIS
Bridge crossing Mosel at Bernkastel-Kues
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
• Structural stability
• Calculation of action effects
based on elastic theory
• Rigid plastic analysis
• Stresses based on elastic theory
3 Methods of global analysis
Bridge crossing Mosel at Bernkastel-Kues
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
General case
• Portal frames w/ shallow roofslopes
• Beam-and-column type plane frames
undeformedgeometry
10≥=αEd
crcr F
F
deformed geometry
10≥⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛
δ⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛=α
Ed,HEd
Edcr
hVH
n
5.2.1(3)
y
n
3 alternatives of verification
5.2.1(4)B
y
Structural stability
3 Methods of global analysis
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
3 alternatives of verification
Global second-order analysis + individual stability check of
membersEquivalent column method
EN 1994-1-1 5.2.2 (3)EN 1994-1-1 6.7.3.6 / 7
EN 1994-1-1 5.2.2 (6) b) and 5.2.2 (6) c)
Only for steel columns:EN 1993-1-1 5.2.2 (3) c)
5.2.2 (8)
Second-order analysisof whole system
3 Methods of global analysis
Structural stability
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Second-order analysisof whole system
accounting forglobal and localimperfections
φ0
w0
w0
3 alternatives of verification
3 Methods of global analysis
Structural stability
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
including global imperfections
Individual stability check of members acc. to EN 1994-1-1
6.7.3.4 or 6.7.3.5
Buckling length = system length
Global second-order analysis + individual stability check of
members
3 alternatives of verification
3 Methods of global analysis
Structural stability
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Equivalent column method
neither global nor localimperfections
Equivalent columnmethod for member acc. EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1/2/3
Buckling length by global eigenvalue determination
3 alternatives of verification
3 Methods of global analysis
Structural stability
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Second-order analysisof whole system
accounting forglobal and localimperfections
including global imperfections
Individual stability check of members acc. to EN1994-1-1
6.7.3.4 or 6.7.3.5
Buckling length = member length
Global second-order analysis + individual stability check of
membersEquivalent column method
neither global nor localimperfections
Buckling length by global eigenvalue determination
3 alternatives of verification
Equivalent columnmethod for member acc. EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1/2/3
3 Methods of global analysis
Structural stability
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Calculation of action effects based on elastic theory
3 Methods of global analysis
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
3 Methods of global analysis
Calculation of action effects based on elastic theory - General method
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
[Source: Hanswille]
3 Methods of global analysis
Calculation of action effects based on elastic theory
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
3 Methods of global analysis
Calculation of action effects based on elastic theory
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Relation Classification - method of global analysis - resistance
3 Methods of global analysis
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Rigid plastic analysis
[Source: Hanswille]
3 Methods of global analysis
Rigid plastic global analysis may be used for ultimate limit state verifications other than fatigue, where second-order effects do not have to be considered and provided that all the members and joints of the frame are steel or composite, the steel material satisfies ductility requirements EN 1993-1-1, the cross-sections of steel members have sufficient rotation capacity and the joints are able to sustain their plastic resistance moments for a sufficient rotation capacity.
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
3 Methods of global analysis
Μpl,Rd
+
-zpl
h
L
Fd
qd
> 0,5zpl
h≤ 0,15 if
Fd
Fd + qd L
Le Li
Lmax Lmin
Limitation of span ratio:
exterior span: Le < 1,15 Li
interior span: Lmax/Lmin ≤ 1,50
Beam with single load and rotation requirements at span:
Rigid plastic analysis
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Where rigid-plastic global analysis is used, at each plastic hinge location:
a) the cross-section of the structural steel section shall be symmetrical about a plane parallel to the plane of the web or webs,
b) the proportions and restraints of steel components shall be such that lateral-torsional buckling does not occur,
c) lateral restraint to the compression flange shall be provided a tall hinge locations at which plastic rotation may occur under any load case,
d) the rotation capacity shall be sufficient, when account is taken of any axial compression in the member or joint, to enable the required hinge rotation to develop and
e) where rotation requirements are not calculated, all members containing plastic hinges shall have effective cross-sections of Class 1 at plastic hinge locations.
3 Methods of global analysis
Rigid plastic analysis
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
For composite beams in buildings, the rotation capacity may be assumed to be sufficient where:
a) the grade of structural steel does not exceed S355,
b) the contribution of any reinforced concrete encasement in compression is neglected when calculating the design resistance moment,
c) all effective cross-sections at plastic hinge locations are in Class1; and all other effective cross-sections are in Class1 or Class2,
d) each beam-to-column joint has been shown to have sufficient design rotation capacity, or to have a design resistance moment at least 1,2 times the design plastic resistance moment of the connected beam,
e) adjacent spans do not differ in length by more than 50% of the shorter span,
f) end spans do not exceed 115% of the length of the adjacent span,
g) in any span in which more than half of the total design load for that span is concentrated within a length of one-fifth of the span, then at any hinge location where the concrete slab is in compression, not more than 15% of the overall depth of the member should be in compression; this does not apply where it can be shown that the hinge will be the last to form in that span,
h) the steel compression flange at a plastic hinge location is laterally restrained.
3 Methods of global analysis
Rigid plastic analysis
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Stresses based on elastic theory
3 Methods of global analysis
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Stresses based on elastic theory
Modular ratios taking into account effects of creep
3 Methods of global analysis
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Part 4:
VERIFICATION FOR BENDING AND SHEAR
FOR ULTIMATE LIMITE STATE
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
• General
• Resistance of class 1 and 2 sections
• Resistance of class 3 and 4 sections
• Lateral torsional buckling
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
General - Basis of design
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
Rd=Mpl,Rd
Ed ≤ Rd
Ultimate limitstate:
Ed ≤ Cd
Serviceabilitliylimit state:
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
Partial safety factor for concrete γC according to EN 1992-1-1 e.g. γC = 1.5
Partial safety factor for reinforcement steelγS according to EN 1992-1-1 e.g. γS= 1.15
Partial safety factor for structural steelγΜa according to EN 1993-1-1 e.g. γM0 = 1.0
General - Basis of design
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
General - Required verifications for composite beams
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
General - Required verifications for composite beams
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
General – Critical cross section
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
General – Non-linear bending resistance
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
Classification girders
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Resistance of class 1 and 2 sections - classification
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Reduction of plastic bending resistance
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
Resistance of class 1 and 2 sections
[Source: Hanswille]
0,5 1,0
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Resistance of class 1 and 2 sections - Full and partial shear connection
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Resistance of class 1 and 2 sections - Partial shear connection - general
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
[Source: Hanswille]
design resistance of studs
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Resistance of class 1 and 2 sections Partial shear connection – determination of moment resistance
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Resistance of class 3 and 4 sections - class 3
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
Resistance of class 3 and 4 sections - class 4
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Resistance of class 3 and 4 sections Resistance to vertical shear
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
Resistance of class 3 and 4 sections Resistance to vertical shear
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Lateral torsional buckling
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Lateral torsional buckling – elastic critical bending moment
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Lateral torsional buckling – without direct calculation
4 Verification for bending and shear for ULS
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Part 5:
SHEAR CONNECTION
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
• Longitudinal shear forces• Determination of longitudinal shear forces• Full and partial shear connection• Requirements for shear connectors
• Headed studs• Head studs as shear connector• Horizontally lying studs• Headed studs used with profiled steel sheeting
• Longitudinal shear forces in concrete slab Part 5:
SHEAR CONNECTION
5 Shear connection
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Part 5:
SHEAR CONNECTION
• Longitudinal shear forces• Determination of longitudinal shear forces• Full and partial shear connection• Requirements for shear connectors
• Headed studs• Head studs as shear connector• Horizontally lying studs• Headed studs used with profiled steel sheeting
• Longitudinal shear forces in concrete slab
5 Shear connection
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Longitudinal shear forces
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Determination of longitudinal shear forces - by simplified method for Nc
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Determination of longitudinal shear forces - general
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Partial shear connection – determination of longitudinal shear forces
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
M
Requirements for shear connection – uniformly distribution
qd
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Requirements for shear connection – minimum degree
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Requirements for shear connection – ductility
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Part 5:
SHEAR CONNECTION
• Longitudinal shear forces• Determination of longitudinal shear forces• Full and partial shear connection• Requirements for shear connectors
• Headed studs• Head studs as shear connector• Horizontally lying studs• Headed studs used with profiled steel sheeting
• Longitudinal shear forces in concrete slab
5 Shear connection
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Headed studs
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Headed studs – typical load-slip behaviour
Pw … flashPZ … stud inclinationPB … stud bendingPR … frictionflash
5 Shear connection
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Headed studs – design shear resistance
[Source: EC4-1
& Hanswille]
d diameter of stud shank 16 ≤ d ≤ 25mmfu specified ultimate tensile strength of the stud
material fu ≤ 500 N/mm²fck cylinder strength of concreteEcm secant modulus of elasticity of concretea =0.2 [(h/d)+1] for 3 ≤ h/d ≤ 4
=1.0 for h/d > 4γV =1.5 partial safety factor concrete failure
=1.25 partial safety factor steel failure
.
.
5 Shear connection
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Headed studs – detailing
.
.
.
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Headed studs – uplift forces
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Horizontally lying studs – examples
cast-in-place concrete
prefabricatedconcrete slab
5 Shear connection
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Horizontally lying studs – examples
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Longitudinal sheardue to beam bending
Vertical sheardue to vertical beam support
Edge position Middle position
Horizontally lying studs – failure modes and position
Concrete edgefailure
Splittingfailure
Vertical shear
Longitudinal shear
5 Shear connection
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
[Source: EN1994-2]
Horizontally lying studs – load resistance for longitudinal shear
middle position edge positionsection A-A
( ) ( )v
..'rckv
L,Rds/aadfk.P
γ
304041
=
a‘r effective edge distancea‘r = ar – cv - ∅s/2 ≥ 50 mm
kv factor for position of shear connectionkv = 1 edge positionkv = 1.4 middle position
γv partial factor 1.25
d … diameter of the stud shank 19 ≤ d ≤ 25 mmh … overall height of the stud h/d ≥ 4s … spacing of stirrups a/2 ≤ s ≤ a
s/a‘r ≤ 3∅s… diameter of stirrups ∅s ≥ 8 mm∅l… diameter of longitudinal reinforment ∅l ≥ 10 mm
L,Rdd P.T 30=stirrups
5 Shear connection
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
[Source: EN1994-2]
Horizontally lying studs – load resistance for vertical shear
middle position edge positionsection A-A
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )v
v.'
o,r...
ckV,Rd
kas/adf.P
γ
703040500120=
a … spacing of studs110 ≤ a ≤ 440 mm
h … overall height of the studh ≥ 100 mm
∅s… diameter of stirrups∅s ≥ 12 mm
∅l… diameter of longitudinal reinforment∅l ≥ 16 mm
∅l ∅s
12121
≤⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛+⎟
⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛.
V,Rd
V,d.
L,Rd
L,d
PF
PF
Interaction:
5 Shear connection
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Headed studs used with profiled steel sheeting
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Headed studs used with profiled steel sheeting – load-slip behaviour
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Headed studs used with profiled steel sheeting – load resistance
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Part 5:
SHEAR CONNECTION
• Longitudinal shear forces• Determination of longitudinal shear forces• Full and partial shear connection• Requirements for shear connectors
• Headed studs• Head studs as shear connector• Horizontally lying studs• Headed studs used with profiled steel sheeting
• Longitudinal shear forces in concrete slab
5 Shear connection
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Longitudinal shear forces in concrete slab - determination
Slab in compression
Slab in tension
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Longitudinal shear forces in concrete slab – strut-and-tie model
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Longitudinal shear forces in concrete slab – shear plane
section a-a: Acv= hc av
section b-b, c-c, d-d: Acv = Lv av
with Lv = Lb-b, Lc-c, Ld-d
section
5 Shear connection
[Source: Hanswille]
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Innovative composite bridge structures
6 Conclusion
Bridge Nesenbachtal, Stuttgart
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Nesenbachtal − Result of a design competition
6 Conclusion
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Acknowledgement
and many thanks to
My co-workersDipl.-Ing. Gunter HaufDipl.-Ing. Matthias KonradDipl.-Ing. Ana OžboltDipl.-Ing. Lars RölleDipl.-Ing. Markus Rybinskifor their support
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerhard Hanswille
for allowanceto base on his ppt - presentationprepared for lectures in Riga in 2006
6 Conclusion
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Thank you very much
for your kind attention !
6 Conclusion
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Literature
Bode, H.: Euro-Verbundbau, Konstruktion und Berechnung, publisher Werner Verlag, Düsseldorf, 1998
Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik: Slim-Floor Träger mit UPE-Profilen, Allgemeine bauaufsichtliche ZulassungNr. Z-26.2-48, Technical Approval, 2005.
DIN 18800-5: Steel structures – Part 5: Composite structures of steel and concrete – Design and Construction, German Standard, 2006.
DIN EN 1994-1-1: Design of composite steel and concrete structures: General rules and rules for buildings, European Standard, 2002
Hanswille, G., Schäfer, M., Verbundtragwerke aus Stahl und Beton, Bemessung und Konstruktion - Kommentar zu DIN V 188000 Teil 5 Ausgabe November 2004, Stahlbaukalender 2005, editor Ulrike Kuhlmann, publisher Verlag Ernst & Sohn, Berlin
Hanswille G.: The new German design code for composite bridges,Engineering Foundation Conferences Composite Construction V, South Africa, Juli 2004
Hanswille G., Bergmann R.: New design methods for composite columns including high strength steel,Engineering Foundation Conferences Composite Construction V, South Africa, Juli 2004
Hanswille G., Piel W.: Composite shear head systems for improved punshing shear resistance of flat slabs,Engineering Foundation Conferences Composite Construction V, South Africa, Juli 2004
Hanswille G., Porsch M.: Load introduction in composite columns with concrete filled hollow sections,Engineering Foundation Conferences Composite Construction V, South Africa, Juli 2004
Roik, K., Bergmann, R., Haensel, J., Hanswille, G. Verbundkonstruktionen: Bemessung auf der Grundlage des Eurocode 4 Teil 1, Betonkalender 1993, publisher Verlag Ernst & Sohn, Berlin
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Institute of Structural DesignUniversität Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Kuhlmann
Literature
Breuninger, U.; Kuhlmann, U.: Tragverhalten und Tragfähigkeit liegender Kopfbolzendübel unterLängsschubbeanspruchung, Stahlbau 70, p. 835-845, 2001.
Breuninger, U.: Zum Tragverhalten liegender Kopfbolzendübel unter Längsschubbeanspruchung, PhD-Thesis, Universität Stuttgart, Mitteilung Nr. 2000-1, 2000.
Kuhlmann, U.; Breuninger, U.: Behaviour of horizontally lying studs with longitudinal shear force, In: Hajjar, J.F., Hosain, M., Easterling, W.S. and Shahrooz, B.M. (eds), Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete IV, American Society of Civil Engineers, p.438-449, 2002.
Kuhlmann, U.; Kürschner, K.: Structural behaviour of horizontally lying shear studs, In: Leon, R.T. and Lange, J. (eds), Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete V, American Society of Civil Engineers, p.534-543, 2006.
Kuhlmann, U.; Rieg, A.; Hauf, G.; Effective Width Of Composite Girders With Reduced Height, Prof. Aribert - Symposium, July2006, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (Rennes), France, 2006.
Kürschner, K.; Kuhlmann, U.: Trag- und Ermüdungsverhalten liegender Kopfbolzendübel unter Quer- und Längsschub, Stahlbau 73, p.505-516, 2004.
Kürschner, K.: Trag- und Ermüdungsverhalten liegender Kopfbolzendübel im Verbundbau, PhD-Thesis, Universität Stuttgart, Mitteilung Nr. 2003-4, 2003.
Raichle, J.: Fatigue behaviour and application of horizontally lying shear studs, In: 6th International PhD Symposium in Civil Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland, 2006.
Rybinski, M.: Structural behaviour of steel to concrete joints on basis of the component method, In: 6th International PhD Symposium in Civil Engineering, Zurich, Switzerland, 2006.