structural engineering laboratory iit kanpur and dynamic tests_dr k.k. bajpei.pdf · quasi-static...
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Structural Engineering LaboratoryIIT KanpurSTATIC/ PSEUDO STATIC/ DYNAMIC TESTING
K.K. BajpaiPrincipal Scientific OfficerStructural Engineering LaboratoryIIT Kanpur
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INTRODUCTION
Quasi-static loading test method
Shake table testing method
Pseudo-dynamic testing method
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Spece
espose
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Open Loop Tests
QuasStatc oa Cyc Sag Goud
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Quasi-static loading test method
a test specimen is subjected to slowly changing prescribed forces or deformations by means of hydraulic actuators
inertial forces within the structures are not considered in
this method.
purpose is to observe the material behavior of structural elements, components, or junctions when they are subjected
to cycles of loading and unloading.
dynamic nature of earthquakes are not captured
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Static Tests
Gear Driven (or Screw Driven Machines) Crosshead speed .001 to 500 mm/min 1 to 20 mm/min for quasi static testing
Servo-Hydraulic Machines Crosshead speed 1μm/h for creep/fatigue 1 cycle/day to 200 cycles/s for cyclic tests
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Load and Displacement Control modesStress
Load
OR
Strain
Displacement OR
Strain
Displacement OR
Stress
Load
OR
Static Tests Contd…
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Static Tests
Flexural Tests on RC Beams
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Static Tests Contd…
Flexural Tests on Masonry Walls
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Static Tests Contd…
Diagonal Shear Tests on Masonry Walls
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Seismic Performance Evaluation
Cyclic testing of structural elements & assemblies Post-ultimate strength and deformability up to failure
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LVDTLVDT
LVDT
Actuator
ReactionFrame
Specimen
Column
Beam
Cyclic Tests
Test set-up for cyclic tests on RC Beam-Column Joint
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-100-80-60-40-20
020406080
100D
ispl
acem
ent E
xcur
sion
(mm
)
Typical Cyclic Loading History
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Cyclic Test Facility
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Shake table testing method
test structures may be subjected to actual earthquake acceleration records to investigate dynamic effects
inertial effects and structure assembly issues are well represented
the size of the structures are limited or scaled by the size and capacity of the shake table
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IITK Uni-ax ial Shake table
Platform size 1.2x1.8 m Powered by 50 kN MTS servo-hydraulic actuator Velocities in the range of 1.5 m/s
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Servo-Hydraulic Actuators
Servo-Hydraulic Control Systems
Measurement Instrumentation
On-line computer
Pseudo-dynamic testing Method– Hardware Components
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Souto o quato app
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Pseudo-dynamic testing Method (Closed loop)
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Hybrid Testing & Computing Pseudo-Dynamic
Hybrid Testing System Fi
F2
F1
Applies forces in substructure through actuators only – real time operation is a benefit but not a must
Pseudo-dynamic testing Method
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applying slowly varying forces to a structural model
motions and deformations observed in the test specimens are used to infer the inertial forces that the model would have been exposed to during the actual earthquake
Substructure techniques
Pseudo-dynamic testing Method
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Define a model of the structure systemDefine the desired excitation – usually base
acceleration Calculate the expected response of structure –
displacement Use an actuator to apply the desired displacement in
the structureMeasure the resistance force in the structure (or
estimate it from measurements)Repeat the above steps – start from second
i i i i+ + =Md Cd R f
Pseudo-dynamic testing Method
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Input excitation fi (desired)
Impose di+1 on the structure
Measure ri+1
Set i - 1 = I
-1
i+1 i+1 i+1 i iΔt Δta = m+ c f -r -cv - ca2 2
( )i+1 i i i+1Δtv =v + a +a2
2
i+2 i+1 i+1 i+1Δtd =d +Δtv + a2
Pseudo-dynamic testing Method
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Pseudo-dynamic testing Method
Discretized equation of motion of the structure at time intervals for ,
i i i i+ + =Md Cd R f
it i t= ∆ 1i toN=
Equation solved in computer step by step, with Ri as the reaction force measured from the specimen under test. Result is the displacement command of next step that will be applied to the specimen at each node of mass by actuators.
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200 kN Double Girder EOT crane
Hydraulic Hard Lines
1000 kN Servo-Hydraulic Actuator
Pseudo Dynamic Test Facility @ IITK
:: View of the test facility from the outside ::
20 Ton double girder crane
Hydraulic hard lines –connected to existing laboratory equipment
1000 KN actuator s (MTS) with stroke lengths up to 1000 mm
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Pseudo-dynamic testing Facility @ IITK
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Special Testing Facility for Forced Vibration studies of prototype buildings/structures
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