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STRUCTURAL ORGANSTAION IN ANIMALSIN ANIMALS
ANIMAL TISSUES :- Are Classified in to four typesyp1.Epithelal Tissues2.Connective Tissues3.Muscular Tissues4.Neural Tissues
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1.Epithelial Tissues
Cells are arranged in one or more layersCells are held together by three types of Cells are held together by three types of junctions like tight junctions , adhering junctions and gap junctionsCells are compactly arranged.There are two types epithelial tissue
a. Simple epitheliumb. Compound epithelium
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Types of Simple Epithelium
Squamous epitheliumCuboidal epitheliumCuboidal epitheliumColumnar epithelium
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SQUAMOUS EPITHILIUM
Single thin layer of flattened cells with irregular boundaries
They found in walls of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs.
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COBOIDAL EPITHILIUMCells are cube like with single layer
Found in ducts of glands and tubular parts of pnephrons.
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COLUMNAR EPITHILIUM
Cells are tall pillar lik like Nuclei are located at h bthe base
Free surface may h i llihave microvelli.They found in the li i f t h d lining of stomach and intestine.
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CILIATED EPITHILIUM
The columnar or cuboidal cells bear cilia on their cells bear cilia on their free surface they are called ciliated epitheliumcalled ciliated epithelium.Their functions to move particles or move particles or mucus in a specific direction over the direction over the epithelium.
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GLANDULAR EPITHILIUM
Some of the l columnar or
cuboidal cells i li d get specialised
for secretion ll d are called
glandular ith li
MULTICELLULAR GLAND
epithelium
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COMPOUND EPITHILIUM
It is made of more than one la erthan one layerThey provide protectionprotection
They found in the They found in the regions with rapid wear and tear wear and tear
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CONNECTIVE TISSUEThere are three types of connective tissuesLoose connective tissues
Areolar and AdiposeDense connective tissues Dense connective tissues
Regular—Tendon and LigamentIrregular—present in skinSpecialized connective tissuespCartilage,bone and blood
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AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Macrophage
FibroblastCollagenFibresFibres
Mast Cell
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ADIPOSE TISSUE
It store fats.Located beneath the skin.
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CARTILAGEIt is present in It is present in the tip of nose, outer ear, outer ear, vertebral coloumn, limbs coloumn, limbs & hands in adults.adults.
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BLOOD
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MUSCULAR TISSUES
Muscle is made of many long cylindrical fibres.
These fibers are composed of numerous fine fibrils are called myo fibrils.
There are three types of muscles.Skelital, smooth & cardiac
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SKELETAL MUSCLE
Skeletal Muscle (striated, voluntary)
Unbranched
multinucliated .
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SMOOTH MUSCLE
They are involuntary, non striated, visceral muscles.They are spindle shaped having Nucleustapering ends. Nucleus
Uninucleate.
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CARDIAC MUSCLE
They found in heartThey found in heartLight and dark bands are presentI l tInvoluntaryUninucleateThey joined end to end by flatdens, zig‐ zag junctions calleddens, zig zag junctions calledintercalated discs or booster rings
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MULTIPOLAR NEURON
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The common Indian earthworms are
Pheretima&LumbricusCylindrical body with
metamerismAnterior end consits
f h h & hof the mouth & theprostomium(mouth cover h l t k i th
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helps to open cracks in the soil)
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Stomach contain calciferos glands neutralisethehumic acid presnt p
in the soil.Typhlosole(foldigsofdoTyphlosole(foldigsofdo
rl ll fi t ti )
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salwallofintestine)
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Closed blood vascular system Consisting of blood vessels, capillaries &heart Blood glands produce &heart.Blood glands produce blood cells and haemoglobin is dissolved inhaemoglobin is dissolved in
blood plasma
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Annelida --> Nephridia
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Nephridia are coiled ptubular segmentally arranged structuresarranged structures
Three types Septal(sides of inter
sgmental septa)g p )Integumentary
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(body wall)Pharyngeal
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Earth worm is hermophrodite(bisexual)Th i f i There are two pairs of testes present in the 10th &11th segment .One pair of i i h d h i l ovaries is attached at the inter segmental
septum of the 12th &13th M & ll d segments.Mature sperm & egg cells and
nuetritive fluid are deposited in cocoons d d b h l d ll f produced by the gland cells of
clitellum.After three weeks each cocoon d b b D l
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is direct. Friends of farmers.
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MORPHOLOGY OF COCKROACH
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MOUTH PARTS OF COCKROACH
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF COCKROACH
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f kRespiratory system consists of a net work oftrachea that opens through ten pairs of
ll h l ll d i l small holes called spiracles.Nervous system of cockroach consists of a series of fussed
ll d li d d bl segmentally arranged ganglia and a double ventral nerve cord.Nerve cord bears nine
li h i h h d i i h ganglia ,three in the thorex and six in the abdomenThe nervous system of cockroach is
d h h h b d h h d h ld spread through out the body. the head holds a bit of a nervous system so that the head of
k h i ff i ill ill li f acockroach is cut off it will still live for as long as one week.
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMAbdomin is narrow anal Abdomin is narrow ,anal styles are presentA pair of testes-A pair of testesvasadeferens opens in to ejaculatory duct through ejaculatory duct through seminalvesicle.Sperms are stored in the Sperms are stored in the seminal vesicle which are discharged during
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discharged during copulation.
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Each ovary is formed of 8 ovarian tubules.Firtilized eggs are encased in capsules called oothica
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Excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys.Ureters, cloaca and urinary bladder., yDark red bean shaped kidneys situatedposteriorly in the body cavity on either sides of the vertebral the body cavity on either sides of the vertebral column.Structural and functional units called nephrons Frog is a ureotelic animalnephrons.Frog is a ureotelic animalThe system for controle and coordination is highly evolved in the frog It includes both neural system evolved in the frog. It includes both neural system and endocrine glands.Nervous system consists of CNS PNS and ANS Brain is divided in to fore brain
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CNS,PNS and ANS Brain is divided in to fore‐ brain, mid‐brain and hind‐brain
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