Minerals &

Rocks

Essentials of Geology

Bilingual groupFaculty of Education,UCM

Structure and composition of Earth

Solid Earth

Minerals

Identifying minerals

Rocks

Clasifying rocks

Bilingual groupFaculty of Education,UCM Contents

Bilingual groupFaculty of Education, UCM Minerals

http://geologykitchen.com/ep01.html

Bilingual groupFaculty of Education, UCM Identifying minerals

Reaction to acid

Taste

Smell

Magnetization

Optical properties

Elasticity

Specific gravity

Color

Luster

Hardness

Streak

Crystal form

Cleavage

Fracture

http://geologykitchen.com/ep02.html

Bilingual groupFaculty of Education, UCM Rocks

minerals

Definition:Comprised of one or more minerals Naturally occurring

rock mineralA collection of one or

more minerals

A collection of

one or more types

of atoms

Bilingual groupFaculty of Education, UCM

Three types of rocks:

Type of rocks

Formed by

cooling from

magma

Formed by the

breakdown of other rocks

Formed when

preexisting rocks

are heated under

pressure.

SedimentaryIgneous Metamorphic

http://geologykitchen.com/pilot.html

Rocks inform us about geologic

hazards, such as volcanic

eruptions, earthquakes, etc.

Rocks hold important clues for

understanding processes of

weathering and erosion.

Rocks enable us to understand our

past & place our lives in proper

evolutionary context.

Bilingual groupFaculty of Education, UCM Importance of rocks

Bilingual groupFaculty of Education, UCM Igneous rocks

Igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma or lava

When are formed by the

eruption of magma at

the surface are called

volcanic or extrusive,

whereas when they are

formed deep below the

surface are called

plutonic or intrusive.

Texture is controlled by

the cooling rate of the

magma

Cooling

Rate

Crystal

Size http://geologykitchen.com/ep11.html

Bilingual groupFaculty of Education, UCM Sedimentary rocks

Derived through the

weathering and erosion

of pre-existing rocks.

http://geologykitch

en.com/ep03.html

Bilingual groupFaculty of Education, UCM Sedimentary rocks

http://geologykitchen.com/ep05.html

Bilingual groupFaculty of Education, UCM Metamorphics rocks

Marble

http://geologykitchen.com/ep04.html

Coarse grained,

Parent: limestone

(calcite)

Color varies,

depending on the

presence of other

minerals.

Classifying Rocks

Rocks are classified by how they form and minerals are

classified by their physical properties.

Bilingual groupFaculty of Education,UCM

Essentials of Geology

Credits:

E.J. Tarbuck, F.K. Lutgens. Earth Science. Pearson 14th Ed. (2015).

Geology Kitchen

http://geologykitchen.com/home.html

Pilot Episode: The Three Types of Rocks

- #1 What is a Mineral?

- #2 Mineral Properties

- #3 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

- #4 Metamorphism

- #5 Chemical & Biological Sedimentary Rocks

- #11 Igneous Rocks

Please send your comments and suggestions regarding this

presentation to juan.pena@quim.ucm.es

Solid Earth