structure and function of the cell
DESCRIPTION
Structure and Function of the Cell. Chapter 4. 4.1 Discovering the cell…. 1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes He named them “cells” 1673 – Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see living cells. Fast Forward…150 years!. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Structure and Function of the Cell
Chapter 4
![Page 2: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
4.1 Discovering the cell…
1665 – Hooke looked at plants under the microscope and saw little boxes– He named them “cells”
1673 – Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see living cells
![Page 3: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Fast Forward…150 years!
Schleiden – all plants are composed of cells
Schwann – all animals are composed of cells
Virchow – cells come only from other cells
These three scientists’ work lead to the modern CELL THEORY
![Page 4: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Cell Theory
1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of an organism
3. Cells only come from the reproduction of preexisting cells.
![Page 5: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cell Diversity
Red Blood Cells Bacterial Cells
Parasitic CellUlcer causing bacteria cells
![Page 6: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Your body has over 200 different types of cells!
![Page 7: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cell Size
Most cells are microscopic
Cell size is limited by the surface area tovolume ratio
![Page 8: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cell Shape
Shape is determined by the function of the cell
![Page 9: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Internal Organization
Prokaryotic Vs. Eukaryotic Cells
“Before Nucleus”
No Nucleus or Membrane organelles
Single cell organisms
“True Nucleus”
Yes Nucleus and Membrane organelles
Multicellular and singleCell organisms
![Page 10: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Surface Area to Volume Ratio
Surface Area : L x W x # of sides
Volume: L x W x H
Ratio : surface area/volume
![Page 11: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Now you try….
1. Obtain a copy of the lab: Modeling Cells: Surface Area to Volume AND box paper
2. Cut out boxes and tape them together (3 boxes total)
3. Complete lab worksheet about surface area to volume ratio
![Page 12: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
All Eukaryotic Cells Have…
1. A cell membrane
2. A nucleus
3. Other organelles
![Page 13: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Parts of the Eukaryotic Cell
The structures are determined by the functions of each part
![Page 14: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
1. Cell Membrane
Function: outer layer of a cell that allow substances into and out of the cell
Selectively permeable – allows only certain things to cross the membrane
![Page 15: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Parts of the Membrane
Membrane Lipids– Phospholipids
arranged due to their hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends
– Lipid bilayer– Steroid
(cholesterol) embedded within
![Page 17: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Parts of the Membrane (cont)
Membrane Proteins– Peripheral proteins
– attached to either side of the cell membrane
– Integral proteins – embedded within the cell membrane and extends out on both sides
![Page 18: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Fluid Mosaic Model
Membrane behaves like a liquid– Lateral movement of lipids and proteins
Mosaic – changing pattern of proteins and lipids in the membrane
![Page 19: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Organelles
“Mini organs” of the cell
Each organelle has its own structure and function
All cells have different types and numbers of organelles
![Page 20: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Nucleus
Function: to store the hereditary information of the cell (DNA) and to control the cell
Contains: nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleolus, and chromatin (chromosomes)
![Page 21: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Mitochondria
Function: makes ATP
“Powerhouse of the Cell”
Location: highly active cells
![Page 22: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function: Makes proteins, glycoproteins, and membranes for export out of the cell
Covered in ribosomes Location: surrounds
nucleus in cells that produce many proteins
![Page 23: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function: Makes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, and detoxification center for the cell
Location: abundant in liver, kidney, ovaries, and testes
![Page 24: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Ribosomes
Function: Protein synthesis
Location: Attached to E.R. or free in cytoplasm
Made in nucleus and completed in cytoplasm
![Page 25: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Golgi Apparatus Function:
Manufacturing, warehousing, sorting, and shipping materials out of the cell
Location: found in most cells
![Page 26: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Lysosomes Function: Digests
(breaks down) macromolecules the are in the cell, such as proteins and carbs.
Also breaks down dead cells
Location: abundant in liver and white blood cells
![Page 27: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Peroxisomes Function: Breaks
down fatty acids Detoxification
center in liver cells
Location: abundant in liver and kidney cells
![Page 28: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cytoskeleton
Function: Support system of the cell, aid in movement within the cell
3 Structural Types: microtubules microfilaments intermediate filaments
![Page 29: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cytoplasm
Function: Holds organelles in the cell
Site of all chemical reactions in cell
Location: contains organelles in cell
![Page 30: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Cilia and Flagella
Function: Locomotion and movement of materials around the cell
Location: outside of cell
Animal cells only
![Page 31: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Cell Wall
Function: Protects the cell, gives the cell shape and structural support
Plant cells
![Page 32: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Chloroplasts Function:
Photosynthesis Makes energy from
the sun Location: “green
parts” of plant In plant cells
![Page 33: Structure and Function of the Cell](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081519/56813141550346895d97bc12/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Central Vacuole
Function: Stores materials especially water and waste products
In plant cells