structure and functions of heart ppt, ssc ap srinivas nallapu

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1.12. Heart Structure


Heart is a hollow organ. Situated slightly towards left side in the middle of the thoracic cavity. It is made up of CARDIC MUSCLE.

It is conical shape with apex facing downwards and broad base directed upwards.

It is the size of the fist of the person.

It protected on all sides by rib case and by vertebral Coolum on the back side.

External features


Pericardium


Pericardium Heart is enclosed in a double layered, Transparent, Thin sac called “ PERICARDIUM”

The Space between the inner and outer layers is called “PERICARDIAL SPACE”

Pericardial space filled with a fluid called “PERICARDIAL FLUID”

Pericardium and Pericardial fluid protects the heart from physical shocks or blows.


Pericardium Heart is enclosed in a double layered, Transparent, Thin sac called “ PERICARDIUM”

The Space between the inner and outer layers is called “PERICARDIAL SPACE”

Pericardial space filled with a fluid called “PERICARDIAL FLUID”

Pericardium and Pericardial fluid protects the heart from physical shocks or blows.

Fluid.


Heart is internally divided in to Four chambers.

Two upper chambers called “AURICLES”

Two lower chambers called “VENTRICLES”

The verticle groove indicates the presence of right and left chambers.

Left Ventricle

Right Auricle.

Left Auricle.

Right Ventricle


Very large vein that brings the blood to heart from all parts of the body are called “ Vena Cavae” or Caval Veins.

Very large Arteries that brings the blood away from heart to all parts of the body are called “ AORTAE” (Aorta = singular)

Left Ventricle

Right Auricle.

Left Auricle.

Right Ventricle

Vena Cavae

Aorta

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Blood Vessels that bring Blood to heart


3 large veins that bring blood to all parts of the body.

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA INFERIOR VENA CAVA PULMONARY VEINS

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA; Collects deoxygenated blood from upper parts of the body ( Head and Neck)

INFERIOR VENA CAVA; Collects deoxygenated blood from lower parts of the body ( Abdomen, Hands and Legs)

PULMONARY VEIN; Brings oxygenated blood from lungs and opens in to the left Auricle.

Blood Vessels that bring Blood to heart

In addition to this CORONARY VEINS bring deoxygenated blood from the walls of the heart. These also opens into right auricle


Blood Vessels that carry Blood away from heart

systemic

Or Pulmonary Aorta


Heart receive oxygenated blood and supply to all parts of the body

2 large aortae that send blood to all parts of the body.

SYSTEMIC AORTA or SYSTEMIC TRUNK PULMONARY AORTA

SYSTEMIC AORTA or SYSTEMIC TRUNK Arises from left ventricle and carries blood to all parts of the body except lungs.

PULMONARY AORTA; Originates in the right ventricle.Out side the heart it divides in to 2 branches – RIGHT & LEFT PULMONARY ARTERIES. Which carry blood to left and right Lungs.

A pair of CORONARY ARTERIES carry oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

In some people coronary arteries get blocked, when this happen muscle cells do not receive oxygenated blood and stop working. This is called Heart Attack.Patient may die due to failure of heart muscle.

Blood Vessels that carry Blood away from heart


Heart has 4 chambers . 2 upper – Auricles. 2 lower - ventricles

These 4 chambers are separated by WALLS or SEPTAE ( Septum = Singular).

Rt and Lt Auricles – Vertical Inter Auricular Septum.

This wall prevents the mixing of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood (rt auricle , Lt auricle)

Rt and Lt Ventricles – Vertical Inter Ventricular Septum

This wall prevents the mixing of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood (rt ventricle , Lt ventricle)

1.12.2. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF HEART

Inter Auricular Septum.

Inter Ventricular Septum.


Walls of ventricles thicker and muscular because it pumps blood to various parts of the body.

Wall of Lt ventricle is thicker then rt ventricle. (Pumps more distence i;e fingers

Auricles and Ventricles separated from each other by transverse ( Horizontal) Septum – AURICULO - VENTRICULAR SEPTUM.

There are 2 openings in this septum called Auriculo ventricular Apertures

Rt auricle opens in to Rt ventricle through – Rt Auriculo ventricular AperturesLt auricle opens in to Lt ventricle through – Lt Auriculo ventricular Apertures

1.12.2. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF HEART

Rt Auriculo ventricular Apertures.

Lt Auriculo ventricular Apertures


Heart has valves which allow the blood flow in one direction And prevents its flowing back.

The valves held in position by tough connective Tissue strands.

These strands are called “CHORDAETENDINAE”

VALVES IN THE HEART


VALVES IN THE HEARTSno Name of the Valve Location Allows blood to flow

from

1 Tricuspid Valve(3 flaps or Cups )

Right Auriculo Ventricular Aperture

Right Auricle to Right Ventricle

2 Bicuspid (Mitral ) Valve(2 flaps or Cups)

Left Auriculo Ventricular Aperture

Left Auricle to Left Ventricle

3 Pulmunary Valve(3 half moon shape or semilunar valves)

At the origin of pulmonary aorta in the right ventricle.

Allows blood to flow right ventricle in to pulmonary aorta

4 Aortic Valve( 3 semilunar valves)

At the origin of aorta in the left ventricle

Allows blood to flow from left ventricle in to the aorta.


Diff between Right and Left AuriclesSno Right Auricle Left Auricle

1 Larger in size Smaller in size

2 Receives blood through superior and inferior vena cave

Receives blood through pulmonary vein

3 Receives deoxygenated blood from all parts of the body except lungs.

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs

4 Pumps blood in to right ventricle Pumps blood in to left ventricle


Sno Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

1 Smaller in Size Larger in size

2 Pulmonary aorta takes its origin Systemic aorta takes its origin

3 Receives deoxygenated blood from right auricle

Receives oxygenated blood from left auricle

4 Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs Pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body except lungs

5 Tricuspid valve guards the right auriculo ventricular aperture

Bicuspid (Mitral) Value guards the left ariculo-ventricular aperture.

Diff between Right and Left Ventricles


1.12.3. Heart – Mechanism of functioning Cardiac muscle responsible for Contraction and relaxation of Heart.

Heart contract and relaxes 70 – 80 times/ minute

HEART BEAT: Heart beat represent 1 contraction and 1 relaxation of the heart. Contraction phase called SYSTOLE. Relaxation phase called DIASTOLE

One Heart beat has 3 stages.1. Auricular Systole : Both auricles contract at the same time and

pump blood in to ventricles 2. Ventricular Systole: Both ventricles contract at the same time and pump blood in to vessels. (Auricles begin to relax during this stage)

3. Ventricular diastole : Both auricles and ventricles relax


Blood flow circuits There are two circuits for the flow of blood

PULMONARY CIRCUTE: Blood flow from Heart and Lungs.

SYSTEMIC CIRCUTE: Blood flow from Heart and Organs of the body.

Heart pumps blood in to two circuits called DOUBLE CIRCUTE HEART

P VP A

AORTAVena cava


Pulmonary Circuit Deoxygenated blood from organs is collected in to Rt auricle and then sent in to Rt Ventricle. From rt ventricle to lungs.

In the lungs blood is oxygenated and returned to the left Auricle by pulmonary veins.

P VP A

AORTAVena cava


Systemic Circuit Oxygenated blood from left Auricle is pumped in to left ventricle

From left ventricle blood is pumped into systemic aorta.

This aorta supplied blood to various parts of the body.

The deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body collected in to superior , inferior venacava and finally in to rt auricle.

P VP A

AORTAVena cava


Blood Pressure The blood with which blood flows in the blood vessel is called BLOOD PRESSURE.

ARTERIES – Receive blood so High BP in arteries.

The BP gradually decreases when blood flows in to capillaries.

When this blood is collected in veins BP greatly reduced.

BP high in Arteries. Less in Veins


Blood PressureBLOOD PRESSURE measured by doctors by a instrument called “SPHYGMOMANOMETER” and is written as 120 / 80 (systolic/diastolic)


Hypertension or High Blood PressureIn some people BLOOD PRESSURE will be very high more then the usual 120 / 80 such a condition is called High Blood Pressure.

Reason for high bp : Blocking of arteries by cholesterol.


Coronary Angioplasty


Thank you


External view of the heart

pulmonary artery

pulmonary vein

coronaryartery

left ventricle

right ventricle

inferior vena cava

right atrium

pulmonary vein

aorta

superiorvena cava


The vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium

superior vena cava(transports blood from the head)

inferior vena cava(transports blood from rest of body)


The right atrium collects deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the right ventricle

right atrium


The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

right ventricle


The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

aorta


The septum separates the left and right sides of the heart

septum


The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Pulmonary veins


The left atrium collects the oxygenated blood and pumps it to the left ventricle

Left atrium


The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta

Left ventricle


The aorta carries the oxygenated from the left ventricle to the rest of the body

Aorta

Aortic arch


Atrio-ventricular valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria when ventricles contract

Bicuspid valve(mitral valve)

Tricuspid valves

Tendon


The semi-lunar valves prevent backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles

Aortic semi-lunar valve

Pulmonarysemi-lunar valve


Summary Quiz

Identify the part of the heart indicated by an arrow .There are 10 questions in total.


Question 1


Question 2


Question 3


Question 4


Question 5


Question 6


Question 7


Question 8


Question 9


Question 10


Answers1 left ventricle2 vena cava3 right atrium4 pulmonary artery5 aorta6 pulmonary vein7 left atrium8 atrio-ventricular (tricuspid) valve9 semi-lunar (aortic) valve10 right ventricle


Finish

structure and functions of heart ppt, ssc ap srinivas nallapu

Education

pericardium heart

deoxygenated blood

heart systemic

blood vessels

heart structure

blood flow

heart sno

heart attack