structure of chromosomes final
TRANSCRIPT
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By Ajinkya M Kadu M.Sc. - 1
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What are Chromosomes?
Size
Shape
Structure
Centromere
Structure of X & Y chromosome
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Chromosomes : Chroma – color, soma – body
Found in Nucleus of CellAbility of Self replicationRole in – heredity, variation,
mutation & evolution
CHROMOSOMES
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• Morphologically & genetically identical Chromosomes are called Homologous chromosomes.
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Euploidy – Presence of whole sets of Cromosomes
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Number of Chromosomes
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Example
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Chromosome No. in Different animals
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Varies from species to species
Normally 0.1 to 33 um in length
0.2 to 2 um in thickness
Size
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Depends on stage of Cell Division
In Interphase = less condensed
In Metaphase = max. condensation & appear short
Shape
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Metaphasic chromosome has 2 identical halves called Sister chromatids
Each chromatid is in turn made up of sub-chromatids called chromonemata
Both arms are joined at Centromere
Structure
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Centromere is also called the Primary constriction
During cell division spindle Fibres are attached at centromere
After primary constriction, secondary constriction is present
The part of the chromosome beyond the nucleolus is called satellite
Centromere
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Tip of chromosome is called Telomere
It prevents sticky ends of chromosome from attaching
The surface of a chromosome bears number of small swellings called chromomeres.
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Types of Chromosomes
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• X chr is longer than Y chr• X chr contains < Euchromatin & >
Heterochromatin • Y chr contains > Euchromatin & <
Heterochromatin • X and Y chromosomes show
homologous & Non-Homologous regions.
Structure of X & Y chr
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REFRENCE
• Human Chromosomes by Orlando J. Miller
• Chromosome biology by R. Appels
• http://www.chromodisorder.org/CDO/
• http://www.genome.gov/26524120
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zf7tbymrv9 o
• http://www.johnkyrk.com/chromosomestructu re.html
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