ENGLISH-STRUCTURE II

Chapter 1&2

Universitas Terbuka Korea Selatan

2015

Maulida Mazaya

TUTOR INTRODUCTION

Maulida Mazaya

fb: Maulida Mazayaskype: maulidamazaya

Computational Biology, Master Integrated, University of Ulsan

(010) 2401-2302maulidamazaya@gmail.com

RULES AND GRADING 8x classes: lecture,

question & answer, exercise

Be active in class and have fun with English

Grading system (except from UT Pusat) 50% Grade from tutor

Usually >75% A Task 1-8 (40%, @5%, late

0)Exam (50%)

Participation incl presence (20%,@2.5%)

flexible

Structure is important, especially for you who want to have a good writing skills, or have a good job like announcer.

MODUL 1 : SENTENCES AND CLAUSES

UNIT 1 : CLAUSES

A. Independent Clauses B. Dependent ClausesC. Types of Dependent Clauses

UNIT 1 : CLAUSESA. INDEPENDENT CLAUSES

Independent Clause (main clause): Kelompok kata yang saling berhubungan yang mempunyai subjek dan predikat dan dapat berdiri sendiri sebagai kalimat yang lengkap dan utuh.

Clause [noun; countable] : kelompok kata yang saling berhubungan yang memiliki subjek dan predikat.

UNIT 1 : CLAUSESA. INDEPENDENT CLAUSES

• Rudy is my son.• I know that boy.• English is an international language.• I have been to Singapore.• We visited Kuta beach last year.

UNIT 1 : CLAUSESB. DEPENDENT CLAUSES

Dependent Clause (subordinate clause): Anak kalimat, mempunyai subjek dan predikat, tetapi tidak bisa berdiri sendiri sebagai kalimat yang lengkap karena tidak mengekspresikan pemikiran yang lengkap.

Menggunakan subordinate conjunctions: who, that, whether, if, when, until, after, although, because, since, whereas, before.

UNIT 1 : CLAUSESB. DEPENDENT CLAUSES

• That he is a banker.• If you go by bus or by train.• After you arrive in Bali.• Whereas Anita is diligent.• Why he cried.

UNIT 1 : CLAUSESC. TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES

Dependent Clause, dapat berfungsi sebagai

• Kata benda (noun clause)• Kata sifat (adjective clause)• Kata keterangan (adverbial clause)

UNIT 1 : CLAUSESC. TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES

1. Noun ClauseDapat berfungsi sebagai:• Subjek• Objek kata kerja atau preposisi• Pelengkap

Subordinate conjunction yang digunakan:That, whether, if, what,....etc.

UNIT 1 : CLAUSESC. TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES1. Noun Clause as subject• How he gets the money is his own affair.• What they did does not concern me.

2. Noun Clause as transitive object• I don’t know where he lives.• It is true that plants need water in order to live.

3. Noun Clause• My question is why you did not come last night.• My concern is how to pay the workers.

Karena sifatnya sebagai kata benda, noun clause bisa diganti dengan kata ganti “it”.

UNIT 1 : CLAUSESC. TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES

2. Adjective ClauseBerfungsi sebagai:• Kata sifat (menerangkan kata benda)

Relative pronouns yang digunakan:which,who, whom, whose....etc.

UNIT 1 : CLAUSESC. TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES

2. Adjective Clause• The boy who/that gave me the book is Mr.Anwar’s

son.• The car that he drives is very expensive.• He gave the money to the man who had done the

work.• Here is the book which/that describes animals.

UNIT 1 : CLAUSESC. TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES

3. Adverbial ClauseBerfungsi sebagai:• Kata kata keterangan (menjelaskan kata kerja,

kata keterangan, atau seluruh kalimat)

Relative pronouns yang digunakan:When, after, while, before, as soon as....etc.

UNIT 1 : CLAUSESC. TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES

3. Adverbial Clause• You may begin when you are ready.• While he was walking home, he saw an accident.• After she finished dinner, she went to bed.• They sat down wherever they could find empty

seats.

UNIT 2 : SENTENCES

A. Classification by TypesB. Classification by the Number of Full

Prediction

Sentence [noun; countable] : kelompok kata yang yang memiliki subjek, predikat, dan mengekspresikan suatu informasi yang utuh.

UNIT 2 : SENTENCESA. CLASSIFICATION BY TYPES

1. Declarative sentences (statement)• Carol is happy.• The child ate dinner.• I have just bought the books.

UNIT 2 : SENTENCESA. CLASSIFICATION BY TYPES

2. Interrogative sentences (questions)• Did the child eat his dinner?• Is it your dictionary?• Are you Surya?

UNIT 2 : SENTENCESA. CLASSIFICATION BY TYPES

3. Imperative sentences (commands and request)

• Stop that bus!• Be quite, please!• Help!

UNIT 2 : SENTENCESA. CLASSIFICATION BY TYPES

4. Exclamation sentences (exclamation)• What a good dinner that was!• What beautiful hair she has!• How beautiful she is!• How far his house is!

What + countable/uncountable nounHow + adjective or adverb

UNIT 2 : SENTENCESB. CLASSIFICATION BY THE NUMBER OF

FULL PREDICTION

1. Simple sentence• Tedi bought a house.• Ratih is happy.• Ratih and Rita swim everyday. (compund

subject)• I like to swim and hike everyday.

(compound predicate)

UNIT 2 : SENTENCESB. CLASSIFICATION BY THE NUMBER OF

FULL PREDICTION

2. Compound sentencea) The rain fell, and the wind blew.b) I want to attend school, but my family needs me.c) He was tired, so he went to bed.d) The players tried their best to win; however, I do not expect them

to win.e) Mr. Sujudi is the richest man in his town; moreover, he is very

generous.

a) to c) : main clause + coordinate conjuction + main claused) to e) : main clause + transition (; linking word,) + main clause

UNIT 2 : SENTENCESB. CLASSIFICATION BY THE NUMBER OF

FULL PREDICTION

3. Complex sentence• You should lock the doors before you leave

the house.• Although John is a good athlete, he does

not spend too much time in sports.• Since that happend a long time ago, I

would not hold it again.

UNIT 2 : SENTENCESB. CLASSIFICATION BY THE NUMBER OF

FULL PREDICTION

4. Compound – complex sentence• Although the farmers always work long hours,

they seem to enjoy their work, and they usually have a long time rest during the dry season.

• Some people fell on other people, and some people landed on the floor when the bos stopped abruptly.

MODUL 2: CONJUNCTIONS (UNIT 1)

CONJUNCTIONS

• Unit 1 Coordinate Conjunctions• Unit 2 Subordinate Conjunctions• Unit 3 Correlative Conjunctions

UNIT 1 COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS

A. Structural Unit Joined by Coordinate Conjunctions

B. Functional Unit Joined by Coordinate Conjunctions

UNIT 1 COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONSA. STRUCTURAL UNIT JOINED BY

COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS

• and• but• or• yet• so• for

UNIT 1 COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONSA. STRUCTURAL UNIT JOINED BY

COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS

• Anton and Tony. [nouns]• Wind, earth, or fire. [nouns]• Slipped and fell. [verbs]• Listen, write, or read. [verbs]• Tall and slim. [adjectives]• Stupid but pretty. [adjectives]• Slowly and carefully. [adverbs]• Late or early. [adverbs]

UNIT 1 COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONSA. STRUCTURAL UNIT JOINED BY

COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS

Joining Words• Anton and Tony fought each other.• Is she laughing or crying?• That blond girl is pretty, sexy, but stupid.• The thief moved quickly and quitely.

UNIT 1 COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONSA. STRUCTURAL UNIT JOINED BY

COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS

Joining Phrases• My mother, my eldest sister, and my little brother

look alike.• Is he typing his English report or playing games

on the computer?• He spends his free time to play the piano,

compose music, and writing poetry.• Is Juno here on vacation or on business?

UNIT 1 COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONSA. STRUCTURAL UNIT JOINED BY

COORDINATE CONJUNCTIONS

Joining Clauses• I don’t know when he left town, or why he

wanted to do so.• I will go with you after I have finished my work,

or after I have my lunch.• Nothing will change if you tell him now and then

leave or if you just leave without telling him anything.

SEE YOU!