structures, specialties, & pathology
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Structures, Specialties, & Pathology . Urinary system Ch 9. Structures. Kidneys 2 layers that surround the renal pelvis Renal cortex the outer layer Contains over one million nephrons Renal medulla Inner layer Contains most of the urine-collecting tubules. Structures. Nephrons - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Structures, Specialties, & Pathology
Urinary system Ch 9
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Structures• Kidneys
– 2 layers that surround the renal pelvis• Renal cortex
– the outer layer–Contains over one million nephrons
• Renal medulla– Inner layer–Contains most of the urine-collecting
tubules
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Structures• Nephrons
– Glomerulus– Renal pelvis
• Ureters– Carry urine from kidneys to bladder– 10 to 12 inches long
• Bladder – Hollow muscular organ– Located in the anterior portion of the pelvic cavity– Holds about one pint of urine
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Structures • Urethra
– Two urinary sphincters, one at each end– Urethral meatus or urinary meatus is the external
opening of the urethra– Female urethra is about 1.5 inches long– Male urethra is about 8 inches
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Specialties • Nephrologist
– Specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys
• Urologist – Specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and
disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males
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Pathology • Renal failure
– Acute renal failure– Chronic renal failure– Anuria – End-stage renal disease– Uremia
• Uremic poisoning• A toxic condition caused by excessive amount
of urea and other waste products in the bloodstream
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Pathology • Nephrotic syndrome
– Edema– Hyperlipidemia– Hypoproteinuria– Hyperproteinuria
• Abnormally high concentration of protein in the urine
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Pathology• Kidneys
– Glomerulonephritis– Hydronephrosis
• Dilation of the renal pelvis of one or both kidneys.
• The result of an obstruction of the flow of urine– Nephrectasis
• Distention of a kidney
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Pathology – Nephritis– Nephroptosis– Nephropyosis– Pyelitis– Pyelonephritis
• Inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney
– Renal colic
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Pathology • Stones
– Calculus• Nephrolithiasis
– Kidney stone• Cystolith
– Stone found in the bladder
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Pathology • Ureters
– Hydroureter– Ureterectasis
• The distention of a ureter– Ureterorrhagia– Ureteralgia
• Pain in the ureter– Ureterostenosis
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Pathology • Urinary bladder
– Cystalgia• Bladder pain
– Cystitis– Interstitial cystitis– Cystocele– Cystorrhagia
• Bleeding from the bladder– UTI– Vesicovaginal fissure
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Pathology • Urethra
– Reflux– Urethralgia– Urethritis– Urethrorrhagia– Urethrorrhea– urethrostenosis
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Pathology• Urethra continued
– Abnormal openings• Epispadias• Hypospadias• Paraspadias
–A congenital abnormality in males in which the urethral opening is on one side of the penis
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Pathology• Urination
– Diuresis• The increased excretion of urine
– Dysuria• Difficult or painful urination
– Enuresis• Involuntary discharge of urine• Nocturnal enuresis also known as bed-wetting
– Nocturia• Excessive urination during the night
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– Oliguria– Polyuria
• Excessive urination– Urinary retention– Incontinence
• Stress incontinence• Urge incontinence