StuartMcDermidTableMountainFacility

JetPropulsionLaboratory,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology

with acknowledgment to:

Michael J. Kurylo & Geir O. Braathen(Steering Committee Co-Chairs)

NDACC Steering Committee & Working GroupsMore than 200 Members of the NDACC Science Team

BriefHistoryofNDACC TheinternationalNetworkfortheDetectionofStratosphericChange

(NDSC)wasformedtoprovideaconsistent,standardizedsetoflong‐termmeasurementsofatmospherictracegases,particles,andphysicalparametersviaasuiteofgloballydistributedresearchstations

Thiswasinresponsetotheurgentneedtodocumentandunderstandworldwidestratosphericperturbationsresultingfromincreasedanthropogenicemissionsoflong‐livedhalogenatedgaseswithstrongozonedepletingandglobalwarmingpotentials Formalizedduringthelate1980s‐“Official”start1991

TheinitialobjectiveoftheNDSCwastomonitor,frompoletopole,thetemporalevolutionofthestratosphereandozonelayer,andtounderstandthecausesandimpactsofobservedchangesontheunderlyingtroposphereandearthsurface

Thiswasachievedthroughtheimplementationofadistributednetworkofground‐basedstationsequippedwithasuiteofremotemeasurementinstruments Quasi‐simultaneousobservationsofalargenumberofchemicalcompounds

andphysicalparameters

BriefHistoryofNDACC

Whilethenetworkremainscommittedtomonitoringchangesinthestratosphere,withanemphasisonchangesintheozonelayer(decay–recovery),itsprioritiesandcapabilitieshavebroadenedconsiderably

TobetterreflectthefreetroposphericandstratosphericcoverageoftheNetworkmeasurements,andtoconveythelinkagetoclimatechange,theSteeringCommitteedebatedchangingthenameandfinallyreachedaccordwith:

NetworkfortheDetectionofAtmosphericCompositionChange:

TrackingChangesintheEarth’sAtmosphereNDACC

WhatistheNDACC?

Asetofmorethan70high‐quality,remotesensingresearchsitesfor: Observingandunderstandingthephysical/chemicalstateofthe

stratosphereanduppertroposphere Assessingtheimpactofstratosphericchangesontheunderlying

troposphereandonglobalclimate

WhatistheNDACC?

Amajorcomponentoftheinternationalupperatmosphereresearcheffortformulatedto: Documentandunderstandnaturallyoccurringandhuman‐induced

stratosphericanduppertroposphericchanges Furtherourcapabilitytoforecastthefuturestateoftheatmosphere

NDACCPriorities

Studyingthetemporalandspatialvariabilityofatmosphericcompositionandstructure

Detectingtrendsinoverallatmosphericcompositionandunderstandingtheirimpactsonthestratosphereandtroposphere

Establishinglinksbetweenclimatechangeandatmosphericcomposition

Calibratingandvalidatingspace‐basedmeasurementsoftheatmosphere

Supportingprocess‐focusedscientificfieldcampaigns

Testingandimprovingtheoreticalmodelsoftheatmosphere

NDACCPriorities&InstrumentsMeasurement Instrument

O3 Column Dobson, Brewer, FTIRUV-Vis spectrometer

O3 Profile Lidar, Ozonesonde, (FTIR)Microwave Radiometer

Temperature Profile Lidar

ClO Profile Microwave Radiometer

H2O Profile Lidar, Hygrometer Sonde,Microwave Radiometer, (FTIR)

Aerosol Profile Lidar, Backscatter Sonde

NO2 Stratosphere Column FTIR, UV-Vis Spectrometer

HCl, ClONO2 Column FTIR

N2O, CH4, CFCs Column FTIR, Microwave Radiometer

HNO3, NO Column FTIR

HF, COF2 Column FTIR

Other (OH, HO2, OCS, …) Research Mode

UV Radiation UV Spectroradiometer

NDACCOrganization

ThesuccessoftheNDACChasresultedprimarilyfromitssimpleandflexibleorganization:aSteeringCommitteeandaScienceTeam

TheSteeringCommitteeconsistsof: TwoCo‐Chairs RepresentativesofthevariousScienceTeamWorkingGroups Independentscientistsservingaspeerreviewers Ex‐officiorepresentativesofthemainNDACCsponsoringorpartnering

internationalagenciesorinstitutions RepresentativesfromthevariousCooperatingNetworks

PrimarymanagerialbodyoftheNetwork: Responsiblefortaskssuchasinternaloperationalandscientificoversight Recommendsimplementationandfundingactions Meetsonceayear

NDACCOrganization

TheScienceTeamconsistsof: thePrincipalInvestigators(PIs)atallNDACCstations/sites

• ActsasaforumforconductingNDACCoperationscoordinatedthroughWorkingGroups(WGs)

WGsareorganizedaroundspecificinstrumenttypes:• DobsonandBrewer, • FTIR• Lidar, • Microwave• OzoneandAerosolSondes • SpectralUV• UV/Visible

WGsarealsoorganizedforotherrelevantactivities• Satellites •Archiving• TheoryandModeling

andspecies/parametersoffocus• presentlyOzoneandWaterVapor

EachWGincludestheassociatedPIsandhastheresponsibilityofsettingactionstoreachmaximuminternalconsistencyamongtheNetwork’sdata

• WGsmeetregularly,someannually,someeverytwoyears

QualityControl

ACommitmenttoDataQuality

NDACCInvestigatorssubscribetoinstrumentspecificprotocolsdesignedtoensurethatarchiveddataareofashighaqualityaspossiblewithintheconstraintsofmeasurementtechnologyandretrievaltheory

Validationisacontinuingprocess

InstrumentsanddataanalysismethodsareevaluatedpriortoNDACCacceptanceandarecontinuouslymonitoredthroughouttheiruse.

Formalintercomparisonsareusedtoevaluatealgorithmsandinstruments

OzoneProfileIntercomparison

Ozonesonde: Red

Strato lidar: Green

Tropo lidar: Blue

TMF, 24 Feb 2006 0324 - 0524 UT

Altitude (

km

)

Ozone number density (1e12 molec/cm3)

Simultaneous LIDAR andOzonesonde measurements

Two different LIDARs Excellent agreement

between profiles Note profile structure below

20km Shows intrusion of polar

air filament

DataArchivingandAvailability

Datamustbesubmittedtothecentralarchivewithinoneyearofthemeasurement NDACC‐DataHostFacility,NOAA,Washington,DC

AlldataarepubliclyavailableviaanonymousftpfromtheNDACCwebsitewithintwoyearsofmeasurement http://www.ndacc.org

MostNDACCinvestigatorshaveagreedtomaketheirdatapubliclyavailableregularlyonashortertimescale(i.e.,immediatelyuponarchiving)

TheuseofanyNDACCdatapriortoitsbeingmadepubliclyavailable(e.g.,forfieldcampaigns,satellitevalidation,etc.)ispossibleviacollaborativearrangementwiththeappropriatePI(s)

NDACCCooperatingNetworks

NDACCestablishedthedesignationof“CooperatingNetwork”toformalizetherelationshipwithregional,hemispheric,orglobalnetworksofinstrumentsthatoperateindependentlyofNDACC,butwherestrongmeasurementandscientificcollaborationismutuallybeneficial. AERONET

• TheAErosolROboticNETworkprogramisafederationofground‐basedremotesensingnetworksmeasuringaerosolopticaldepth,inversionproducts,andprecipitablewater

AGAGE• TheAdvancedGlobalAtmopshericGasesExperimentperformsreal‐time,high‐frequencymeasurementsof45

tracegasesatstationsaroundtheworld

HATS• TheHalocarbonsandotherAtmosphericTraceSpeciesnetworkmeasuresover30tracespeciesinthe

atmosphereatNOAAandcooperatingstations

MPLNET• TheNASAMicroPulseLidarNETworkisafederatednetworklidarsystemsdesignedtomeasureaerosoland

cloudverticalstructure

SHADOZ• TheSouthernHemisphereADditionalOZonesondesisaprojecttoaugmentballoon‐borneozonesondelaunches

intropicalandsub‐tropicallocations

TCCON• TheTotalCarbonColumnObservingNetworkisanetworkofground‐basedFourierTransformSpectrometers

recordingdirectsolarspectrainthenear‐infraredspectralregion

SPARC/IOC/WMO‐IGACO

WorkshoponUnderstandingPastChangesintheVerticalDistributionofOzone

WMO,Geneva,January2011 JohannesStaehelin–tomorrow

Aworkshoptodiscusshowtoimproveourknowledgeandunderstandingofthepastchangesintheverticaldistributionofozone

ManyNDACCstationsnowhavedatarecordsextendingover20years

AnactionplanwasdevelopedwiththeaimofprovidingmuchimprovedknowledgeofozonechangesfortheUNEP/WMOAssessmentexpectedin2014

NDACCWorkingGroups(Lidar,Microwave,FTIR,Ozonesondes,Dobson/Brewer)areworkingoncriticalassessmentsoftheirinstrumentalanddatarecords

WMO/GAW‐IO3C

AbsorptionCrossSectionsofOzone(ACSO) TheACSOCommittee,establishedinspring2009,isajointadhoc

commissionoftheScientificAdvisoryGroup(SAG)oftheGlobalAtmosphereWatch(GAW)andtheInternationalOzoneCommission(IO3C)

ThecommitteeincludesmanyrepresentativesfromNDACC Lidar,UV‐Vis,Dobson,Brewer,FTIR

ThemandateofACSOincludes: Reviewthepresentlyavailableozonecrosssections

Determinetheimpactofchangingthereferenceozoneabsorptioncrosssectionsforallofthecommonlyusedatmosphericozonemonitoringinstruments

Recommendwhetherachangeneedstobemadetothepresentlyusedstandardozoneabsorptioncrosssectiondata(Bass&Paur,1995)

ThereareclearlyproblemswiththeBass&Paurcrosssection,especiallythetemperaturedependence CurrentlypreferreddataarefromBrion,Daumont,&Malicet Newmeasurementsarebeingundertaken

Ozoneisshowingsignsofrecovery

MontrealProtocolisworking

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

-505

-505

-505

35 to 4

5 k

m o

zone a

nom

al y

[%

]

-505

-20-15-10-505

F 10.7cm

Lidar, µWave, SAGE, HALOE, SBUV, GOMOS, SCIA, all

Hohenpeissenberg/Bern(48°N)

Haute Provence(44°N,6°E)

Table Mountain(35°N,118°W)

Hawaii (20°N,156°W)

Lauder (45°S,170°E)

-ESC(4 yr, 2wd, 0Br)

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

-10

0

10

20

30

ozone

anom

aly

[%

]

ozone anomalies, ~40 km (2 hPa), 60°S to 60°N

SBUV-MOD (Stolarski & Frith, ACP, 2006)

SAGE (I+II), SCIAMACHY, GOMOS5 lidar stations (Steinbrecht et al., IJRS, 2009)

3 Umkehr stations (Petropavlovskikh et al., GRL, 2005)

CCMVAL ±2! (Eyring et al., JGR, 2006, 2007)

lines: 21 month running means

error bars: 2! of station running means

Steinbrechtetal.,IJRS,2009

UpperStratosphere(35‐45km)OzoneAnomalies

RecordOzoneLossintheArcticin2011

SAOZ/NDACCUV‐VisspectrometersArcticnetwork

F.Goutail,J.P.Pommereau,A.Pazmino,CNRS

Averageozoneinsidevortex@eΘ=465K

2011

2000

2005

1999

Antarctic2003

Minimumreachedduring1985Antarcticozoneholeatthislevel.

MarkusRexandtheMatchteam**includestheMatchcoordinationgroupatAWIandPIsandoperatorsofabout40

ozonesoundingstationsinthehighlatitudesofbothhemispheres

Ozonelossprofiles:Arctic‐Antarctic

500

550

450

400

Potentialtem

perature

0 1 2 3Ozoneloss[ppmv]

2000

2005

2011(asofMarch31)

Arctic:

Ozoneholerange(indicatedby1985&2003)

Antarctic:

MarkusRexandtheMatchteam**includestheMatchcoordinationgroupatAWIandPIsandoperatorsofabout40

ozonesoundingstationsinthehighlatitudesofbothhemispheres

FTIRMeasurementsatThule

A)MeanMarchO3profileforthe10y2000‐2009outsideofthevortexB)samedatasetbutfordaysinthevortex(definedbyPV>2.5PVUatPT=440K)C)meanMarch2011

J.Hannigan

0 2 4 6 8VMR (ppm)

0

20

40

60

Altitu

de

(k

m)

CB

A

180 200 220 240 260 280Temperature (K)

0

20

40

60

Altitu

de

(k

m)

C

B

A

TimeSeriesofOzonePartialPressure

Antarctica,70°S

WeeklyECCradiosondes

Valuesat70hPa(~17km)representvaluesintheozonelayer

G.König‐Langlo

OzoneTrendsfromLidaratMLOandTMFMaunaLoa

(Hawaii,19.5°N,155.6°W)TableMountain

(California,34.5°N,117.7°W)

G.Kirgis,T.LeblancandI.S.McDermid

LongTermanti‐correlationbetweenOzoneandUV

R.McKenzie,B.ConnorandG.Bodeker

Mean Summer Ozone and Estimated UV IndexLauder, New Zealand

File: uvnz/summeruv/sci_2010/QOS_2.grfR McKenzie5/6/10

b

a

78-7

979-8

080-8

181-8

282-8

383-8

484-8

585-8

686-8

787-8

888-8

989-9

090-9

191-9

292-9

393-9

494- 9

595-9

696-9

797-9

898-9

999-0

000-0

101-0

202-0

303-0

404-0

505-0

606-0

707-0

808-0

909-1

0

NZ Summer (December to February)

255

265

275

285

295

305

315

325

Ozo

ne

(D

U)

9.5

10.0

10.5

11.0

11.5

12.0

UV

I nd

ex

(a

t n

oo

n)

NetworkfortheDetectionofAtmosphericCompositionChange

2011NDACCSymposium

AnInternationalSymposiumCelebrating20YearsofGlobalAtmosphericResearchFosteredbyNDACC/NDSCObservations

7–10November2011,ReunionIsland,Francehttp://ndacc2011.univ‐reunion.fr/

Long‐termevolutionandtrendsinozone,atmosphericcomposition,temperature,aerosols,andsurfaceUVradiationinthepolarregionsandatmid‐latitudes

Tropicalandsub‐tropicalobservationsandanalyses

Interactionsbetweenatmosphericcompositionandclimate,incollaborationwithNDACCCooperatingNetworks

Satellitecalibration/validation

Newobservationalcapabilities