Student Mobility in Georgia Establishing Patterns and Predictors

Pascael Beaudette

June 2014

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iStudent Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

Each school year, thousands of Georgia students transfer schools for reasons other than grade promotion. Student mobility not only affects the individual student but also the teacher and students in his or her classes. This report utilizes data from the new statewide longitudinal data system, GA•AWARDS, to assess mobility patterns in Georgia public schools during the 2012-13 academic year.

To count as “mobile” for the purposes of this analysis, students must have entered or withdrawn from a school between October 2 and May 1. October 2 is the Georgia Department of Education’s (GaDOE) fall enrollment count date. May 1 represents a consistent date that is prior to the end of the school year in all Georgia districts. Students who withdrew and reentered the same school within seven days are not counted as mobile.

To assess mobility at the school and district level, the Governor’s Office of Student Achievement (GOSA) calculated a churn rate for each school and district, which represents the number of student entries and exits during the school year divided by the number of students in the school on the Georgia Department of Education’s fall count date of October 2. In 2012-13, the average school churn rate was 23.0%, but the median rate was 16.9%. The rates ranged from 1.1% (Newton County Theme School at Ficquett) to 756.3% (DeKalb Alternative School). At the district level, the average churn rate was 17.5%, and the median rate was 14.8%.

Controlling for the region of the state, the presence of a military base, and demographic characteristics of the districts, regression analysis on school churn rates finds:

• As the percentage of Students with Disabilities (SWD) and Free/Reduced-Price Lunch (FRL) students increased, a school’s churn rate also increased.

• As the percentage of gifted students and the percentage of English Language Learner (ELL) students increased, the school’s churn rate decreased.

• The percentage of minority students, the region of the state, and the presence of military bases did not have a statistically significant relationship with school churn rates when holding constant other factors.

At the student level, of the 1.7 million public school students in the 2012-13 academic year, approximately 176,000 students, or 10.3%, were mobile during the school year. Among mobile students, 59.0% transferred to another public school within Georgia. Regression analysis on the likelihood an individual student was mobile finds:

• Students who qualified for FRL were 3.9% more likely to be mobile than non-FRL students.

• Differences in student mobility by race/ethnicity were minimal once other factors, such as FRL status, were held constant.

• SWD were 1.3% more likely to be mobile than non-SWD.

• Gifted students were 11.3% less likely to be mobile than non-gifted students.

While this study provides information on patterns in student mobility, many questions remain regarding the effects of student mobility. In particular, future studies should examine the relationship between student mobility and academic achievement and whether mobile students are moving to better, worse, or comparable schools.

Executive Summary

iiStudent Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................iAcknowledgments ............................................................................................................................ivIntroduction ......................................................................................................................................1Data and Methodology .....................................................................................................................2School and District Churn Rates .......................................................................................................3 Churn Rate Formula ....................................................................................................................3 State-Level Churn Rate ................................................................................................................3 Churn Rate by RESA ...................................................................................................................5 Churn Rates and Student Demographics ......................................................................................6 School Churn Rates and Gifted Students .....................................................................................7 Regression Analysis on School Churn Rates .................................................................................8Student-Level Mobility in Georgia ..................................................................................................12 Mobility by Month ....................................................................................................................12 Mobility by Race/Ethnicity ........................................................................................................13 Mobility among Students Who Qualify for FRL ........................................................................14 Other Student Characteristics ....................................................................................................15 Student-Level Regression Analysis ..............................................................................................16Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................17Endnotes .........................................................................................................................................18

Appendix A: District Churn Rates ...................................................................................................20Appendix B: School Churn Rates ....................................................................................................25Appendix C: Schools Dropped from the Regression ........................................................................67Appendix D: Results from Student-Level Model .............................................................................69

Table of Contents

iiiStudent Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

Table of Tables

Table 1: Churn Rate by RESA ...........................................................................................................5Table 2: Geographic Distribution of High and Low Poverty Schools .................................................6Table 3: Summary Statistics at the School Level ................................................................................9Table 4: Regression Results at the School Level ...............................................................................10Table 5: Top Reasons for Mobility ...................................................................................................12

Table of Figures and Tables

Table of Figures

Figure 1: RESA Map ........................................................................................................................ 5 Figure 2: Churn Rates and FRL ........................................................................................................6Figure 3: Churn Rates and Percent Gifted .........................................................................................7Figure 4: Mobility Timing ...............................................................................................................12Figure 5: Total Population and Mobile Population by Race/Ethnicity ............................................13Figure 6: Mobility by Race/Ethnicity and FRL Status ....................................................................14Figure 7: Mobility by other Subgroups ............................................................................................15Figure 9: Increased Likelihood of Mobility Due to FRL Status ........................................................16Figure 8: Substantive Effects of Select Demographic Variables ........................................................16

ivStudent Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

The Governor’s Office of Student Achievement (GOSA) would like to thank Dr. Moshe Haspel, Director of Research at Emory University’s Center for Community Partnerships for his technical assistance and advice throughout the course of this project. Dr. Haspel, Emory University’s Center for Community Partnerships, and Neighborhood Nexus were vital in the creation of the map of district churn rates and the interactive education data map.

Acknowledgments

1Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

Each school year, thousands of Georgia students transfer schools for reasons other than grade promotion. Student mobility not only affects the individual student but also the teacher and students in his or her classes. This report utilizes data from the new statewide longitudinal data system, GA•AWARDS, to assess mobility patterns in Georgia public schools during the 2012-13 academic year.1

Transferring schools disrupts student learning. For the student, transferring schools places him or her into a new environment with different teachers, classmates, and curricula. Studies on mobility show that mobile students tend to underperform academically; however, mobile students also tend to belong to subgroups, such as low income students, English Language Learners (ELL), and Students with Disabilities (SWD), that also tend to underperform.2 In addition, it is difficult to measure and disentangle the causes of student mobility from mobility in order to determine the causal effect on student achievement. Thus, the effect of mobility on student achievement is often unclear.

For teachers and classmates, student mobility disrupts the classroom environment. Teachers

must determine how best to serve new incoming students and manage the effects of changing classroom composition. Stable students must deal with the classroom disruption as mobile students enter and exit, and they often experience a slower pace of instruction as new students are incorporated into the class. Student mobility also imposes administrative costs, as schools must transfer or obtain student records.

Although student mobility affects students, teachers, and schools, very little is known about student mobility in Georgia. Using data from GA•AWARDS, this report analyzes mobility at the student, school, and district levels. It does not examine the causal relationship between mobility and student achievement.

This report begins with a description of the data and methodology. The third section includes an analysis of mobility at the school and district level, including calculating 2012-13 churn rates for each school and district in the state. The fourth section examines the correlation between certain demographic indicators and student mobility and presents a student-level regression analysis. The report concludes with a summary and avenues for further research.

Introduction

“Mobile students tend to underperform academically; however, mobile students also tend to belong to subgroups that also tend to underperform. Thus, the effect of mobility on student achievement is often unclear.”

2Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

This analysis utilizes data on every public K-12 student in Georgia in 2012-13, which is housed in GA•AWARDS. It uses an anonymous GA•AWARDS unique identifier (ID) at the student level that is assigned to the data when it is received from the Georgia Department of Education (GaDOE).

The unit of observation is GA•AWARDS unique ID per school entry date. In other words, each time a student has a new school entry date, he or she represents another observation. For the 2012-13 school year, there were approximately 1.85 million observations and 1.7 million unique students.

Demographic information is not always consistent across observations. For example, a student’s listed race/ethnicity sometimes changes when he or she moves. This may occur because one parent registered the child at the first school as one race/ethnicity, and the other parent registered the child at his second school under another race/ethnicity. Or, the change could be a data entry error. For the purposes of this analysis, a student’s race/ethnicity is the last race/ethnicity listed.

Student classifications in other subgroups, such as Free and Reduced-Price Lunch (FRL), SWD, gifted, and ELL, also sometimes change within a school year. If the student is identified in one of these categories once during the year, he or she is considered a part of that subgroup in this analysis because these students are likely more similar to students in that subgroup than those not in the subgroup.

To count as “mobile” for the purposes of this analysis, students must have entered or withdrawn from a school between October 2 and May 1. October 2 is the Georgia Department of Education’s (GaDOE) fall enrollment count date. May 1 represents a consistent date that is prior to the end of the school year in all Georgia districts. Students who withdrew and reentered the same school within seven days are not counted as mobile. It should be noted that the entry data and withdrawal data do not necessarily reflect the actual date of enrollment and withdrawal. Rather, it is the date that the school entered or removed the student in the student information system.

GOSA also analyzed data from the 2010-11 and 2011-12 school years, and the patterns are consistent with the 2012-13 results. Consequently, only 2012-13 results are presented in this report.3

Data and Methodology

“To count as “mobile” for the purposes of this analysis, students must have entered or withdrawn from a school between October 2 and May 1. Students who withdrew and reentered the same school within seven days are not counted as mobile.”

3Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

This section measures the percentage of a school’s or district’s students who entered or exited during the school year. This measure of “churn” shows the stability of a school or district’s student population within the school year. This section presents school and district churn rates and analyzes statewide churn patterns by Regional Educational Service Area (RESA) and demographics.

Churn Rate Formula

To develop the churn rate, GOSA used a formula similar to one used in a 2012 study on Ohio conducted for the Thomas B. Fordham Institute.4 The numerator in the churn rate uses the same definition of mobility as discussed above, where the numerator increases by one each time a student entered or withdrew from a school between the GaDOE’s fall enrollment count date (October 2) and May 1.5 Students who withdrew and reentered the same school within seven days were not included. The denominator is the number of students in the school on the GaDOE’s fall enrollment count date. The district level churn rates simply roll up the school-level data.

State-Level Churn Rate

In 2012-13, the average school churn rate was 23.0%, but the median rate was 16.9%. The average churn rate was significantly higher than the median primarily because several alternative

schools were outliers with high churn rates. Consequently, the median is a better measure of statewide churn, meaning that generally 16.9% of students in a school were mobile during the 2012-13 school year.

The rates ranged from 1.1% (Newton County Theme School at Ficquett) to 756.3% (DeKalb Alternative School). Forty-one schools—all alternative schools—had churn rates greater than 100.0%. 95% of schools had a churn rate of less than 44.0%.

Using GOSA churn rate calculations, Neighborhood Nexus and Emory University’s Center for Community Partnerships mapped the district churn rates, as presented on the following page. In general, school districts in metro Atlanta and those near military bases exhibited the highest churn rates, while many city districts and counties in south central Georgia had lower churn rates.

At the district level, the average churn rate was 17.5%, and the median rate was 14.8%. The rates ranged from 3.4% to 289.2%.6 Only the Provost Academy of Georgia, a state virtual charter school, had a churn rate above 100% (289.2%). 95% of districts had a churn rate less than 27.3%.

Appendices A and B contain the school and system churn rates for 2012-13.

School and District Churn Rates

School Churn Rate

District Churn Rate

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 5

Churn Rate by RESA

Georgia school districts are divided by location into 16 RESAs.7 Table 1 below presents the average and median school level churn rate by RESA. First District RESA in southeast Georgia had the highest median school-level churn rate of 20.2%, followed by the Metro and Okefenokee RESAs with average churn rates of 20.0% and 18.7%, respectively. Oconee RESA, which serves the counties of Baldwin, Hancock, Johnson, Putnam, Washington and Wilkinson in central Georgia, had the lowest median churn rate of 10.6%.

In all RESAs, the average churn rate was higher than the median rate. The difference is particularly stark for the Heart of Georgia RESA, primarily because 2 of its 40 schools had churn rates above 100% (Middle Georgia Wilderness Institute and Community Hope Center).

Table 1: Churn Rate by RESA

RESA Average Churn

Rate Median Churn

Rate Number of

Schools Central Savannah River 21.4% 18.4% 127 Chattahoochee-Flint 22.8% 17.7% 99 Coastal Plains 23.6% 18.3% 74 First 23.6% 20.2% 183 Griffin 21.5% 16.8% 136 Heart of Georgia 33.9% 13.0% 40 Metro 26.9% 20.0% 759 Middle Georgia 26.3% 18.4% 107 North Georgia 17.4% 14.5% 94 Northeast Georgia 17.8% 13.7% 111 Northwest Georgia 17.9% 16.2% 166 Oconee 10.7% 10.6% 24 Okefenokee 19.5% 18.7% 47 Pioneer 19.6% 14.1% 114 Southwest Georgia 16.5% 14.1% 88 West Georgia 19.5% 16.4% 97

Figure 1: RESA Map

Source: Georgia Department of Education

6Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

Churn Rates and Student Demographics

This section examines the relationships between demographic information and mobility at the school level.

School Churn Rates and Percent FRL

In general, a school’s churn rate increased as the percentage of students qualified for FRL increased. The figure below shows the scatterplot of churn rates and the percentage of students who qualified for FRL.8

This pattern is apparent when comparing low-poverty schools (25% or less FRL students) with high-poverty schools (75% or more FRL students). 9 The median churn rate in low-poverty schools was 7.6% (204 schools). In high-poverty schools, the median rate almost tripled to 25.7% (899 schools). 39.0% of all high-poverty schools are located within Metro RESA, but this RESA also contains 67.2% of all low-poverty schools. In five RESAs, a majority of schools are high poverty. Low-poverty schools are not a majority in any RESA. Table 2 compares the median churn rates of high- and low-poverty schools in each RESA.10

 

020

4060

8010

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3 C

hurn

Rat

e

0 20 40 60 80 100Percent Qualified for Free/Reduced-Price Lunch

Churn Rates and Free/Reduced-Price Lunch

Table 2: Geographic Distribution of High and Low Poverty Schools

RESA Total

Schools

High Poverty Schools

Median Churn Rate

Low Poverty Schools

Median Churn Rate

Central Savannah River 127 70 22.1% 11 8.3% Chattahoochee-Flint 99 69 20.5% 3 2.8% Coastal Plains 74 28 21.8% 0 - First 183 59 25.6% 2 9.3% Griffin 136 36 27.8% 18 8.6% Heart of Georgia 40 21 14.9% 1 84.8% Metro 759 351 32.2% 137 7.2% Middle Georgia 107 45 27.8% 2 8.5% North Georgia 94 27 18.5% 14 8.5% Northeast Georgia 111 24 19.2% 7 8.8% Northwest Georgia 166 30 24.5% 6 5.5% Oconee 24 16 11.5% 0 - Okefenokee 47 23 25.1% 0 - Pioneer 114 20 18.8% 0 - Southwest Georgia 88 56 16.0% 0 - West Georgia 97 22 22.6% 3 8.4% All Schools 2,271 899 25.7% 204 7.6%

Figure 2: Churn Rates and FRL

a“In general, a school’s churn arate increased as the percentage aof students qualified for FRL aincreased.”

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 7

School Churn Rates and Minority Students

A similar pattern existed between churn rates and the percentage of minority students—schools with a higher percentage of minority students tended to have higher churn rates. Schools in which a 50% or more of students were white had a median churn rate of 13.4% (1,041 schools). In schools with a majority of minority students, the median churn rate was 21.4% (1,230 schools). This relationship does not factor in FRL status, which is considered in the next section.

School Churn Rates and Gifted Students

Plotting churn rates against the percent gifted showed the opposite pattern. When the percentage of gifted students was small, schools had high and low churn rates. However, when the percentage of gifted students was high, churn rates were low.11 The following figure shows this relationship.12

 

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hurn

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0 20 40 60 80 100Percent Gifted

Churn Rates and Percent Gifted

“When the percentage of gifted students was small, schools had high and low churn rates. However, when the percentage of gifted students was high, churn rates were low.”

Figure 3: Churn Rates and Percent Gifted

8Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

Regression Analysis on School Churn Rates

To isolate the effects of the abovementioned demographic variables and other probable predictors of mobility at the school level, GOSA used following model:13

The first five variables are the percentage of the student population in each of those subgroups as defined on GOSA’s Report Card. Based on the summary statistics presented above, mobility is expected to increase as the percentage of FRL, SWD, ELL, and minority students in the school increase.14 The percentage of gifted students in the school is expected to have the opposite effect.15

To control for regional variation, Metro Atlanta, North Georgia, and Middle Georgia are indicator variables for the schools’ location.16 South Georgia is the omitted category. Since military families are often highly mobile, a military variable is included that indicates a military base is within the metropolitan area of the school’s district.17

The change in unemployment rate is included to control for variation caused by job loss. This variable measures the difference in the school’s county unemployment rate from June 2012 to June 2013.18 If students are moving to accommodate parental employment relocation or financial struggles associated with job loss, this variable will have a positive coefficient. In general, unemployed Americans move more than those who are employed.19

To control for the size of the school, school enrollment counts are included in the model.20 Because small schools have fewer students in the denominator of the churn rate, small changes in the numerator have a larger impact on the overall churn rate.

The model also controls for the population of the county in which the school’s district is predominantly located.21 Analysis of national mobility patterns has shown that urban and suburban residents are more mobile than those living in rural areas.22 Because a large gap exists between the minimum and maximum values of this variable, the log transformation of this number is used.23

As a proxy for wealth in the surrounding community, the median household income in the school’s county as a percentage of the state median household income is included.24 National data show that individuals with higher household incomes are less likely to move.25

It should be noted that this regression model is not intended to measure the causes of changes in the churn rate. Rather, the goal is to estimate what factors predict changes in the churn rate.

Table 3 (found on the next page) provides summary statistics of these variables for the observations included in the regression. GOSA calculated 2012-13 churn rates for 2,271 schools. However, the regression analysis does not include 103 schools due to missing data, mostly on the percent gifted variable. A list of the schools dropped from the regression is included in Appendix C.

School Churn Rate

= β0 + β1*(Percent FRL) + β2*(Percent SWD) + β3 *(Percent ELL) + β4 *(Percent Gifted) + β5*(Percent Minority) + β6*(Metro Atlanta) + β7*(North Georgia) + β8*(Middle Georgia) + β9*(Military) + β10*(Change in Unemployment Rate) + β11*(School Size) + β12*(Log(County Population)) + β13*(County Median Income as % of State Median Income) + ε

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 9

Variable Mean MedianStd. Dev. Min Max

2012-13 Churn Rate 20.5 16.7 24.3 1.1 756.3Percent FRL 63.6 67 24.2 1.0 100.0Percent SWD 10.6 10.3 3.9 0.0 83.1Percent LEP 6.8 3 11.3 0.0 85.0Percent Gifted 10.1 8.2 8.5 0.1 95.5Percent Minority 56.6 54 29.7 2.0 100.0Metro Atlanta 0.3 0 0.5 0.0 1.0North Georgia 0.2 0 0.4 0.0 1.0Middle Georgia 0.2 0 0.4 0.0 1.0Military 0.2 0 0.4 0.0 1.0Change in Unemployment Rate -0.3 -0.3 0.6 -2.4 4.4School Enrollment 740.3 640 428.6 9.0 3568.0County Population (Log) 11.8 11.8 1.4 7.9 13.8County Median Income (% of State) 102.0 105.2 25.6 55.5 185.5

 

Table 3: Summary Statistics at the School Level

“The average school churn rate was 23.0%, but the median rate was 16.9%. At the district level, the aver-age churn rate was 17.5%, and the median rate was 14.8%. ”

10Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

Variable Coeff. Robust

SE Percent FRL 0.256* (0.034) Percent SWD 1.539* (0.512) Percent ELL -0.182* (0.038) Percent Gifted -0.314* (0.056) Percent Minority -0.025 (0.027) Metro -0.380 (1.958) North Georgia -0.681 (1.145) Middle Georgia -1.201 (0.792) Military 0.718 (1.026) Change in Unemployment Rate 0.102 (0.516) School Enrollment -0.007* (0.002) Log County Population 4.455* (0.523) County Median Income as % of State 0.039* (0.016) Constant -60.089* (10.079) N 2,168 R-sq 0.238 F-Statistic 41.98* * p<0.05

Table 4: Regression Results at the School Level

The table below presents the coefficients and robust standard errors for the regression model.

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 11

Among the school demographic variables in the model, the percentage of SWD had the strongest relationship with the school’s churn rate. The churn rate increased by 1.54 percentage points for each percentage point increase in students with disabilities, holding constant the other variables in the model. In other words, a change from the 25th percentile in terms of percentage SWD (8.3%) to the 75th percentile (12.5%) resulted in a 6.5 percentage point increase in the predicted churn rate.

The level of poverty in the student body also correlated strongly with mobility. For each one-point increase in the percentage of students qualified for FRL, the churn rate increased by 0.26 percentage point, all else constant. In other words, as a school went from a low poverty school to a high poverty school, the predicted churn rate increased by 12.8 percentage points.26

Conversely, as the percentage of ELL students and gifted students increased, the churn rate decreased. A school at the 75th percentile in terms of the percentage of gifted students (13.3%) had a predicted churn rate of 2.9 percentage points lower than a school at the 25th percentile (4.2%). For each percentage point increase in the ELL population, the expected churn rate fell by 0.18 percentage points. A school in the 75th percentile in terms of ELL students (8.0%) had an expected churn rate that is 1.27 percentage points lower than a school in the 25th percentile (1.0%). The percentage of minority students did not have a statistically significant effect.

As the size of the school increased, the churn rate decreased. However, the effect was small (-0.007), meaning the churn rate decreased by 0.7 percentage points for every 100 additional students in a school. Conversely, as the county population increased, so did the school’s churn

“The percentage of SWD had the strongest relationship with the school’s churn rate. The churn rate increased by 1.54 percentage points for each percentage point increase in students with disabilities.”

rate, but again the effect was small. A 50% increase in the county’s population resulted in a churn rate this was only 1.81 percentage point higher.27

The model also includes the county’s median household income as a percentage of the state median income, which showed a small, positive effect (0.039). In other words, as the county’s median household income increased, so did the churn rate. Moving from the 25th percentile (81.4%) to the 75th percentile (124.0%) increased the predicted churn rate by only 1.66 percentage points.

The change in the county unemployment rate, the regional location, and the presence of a military base did not have a statistically significant relationship.

12Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

This section describes patterns in mobility at the student level, in particular the reason for moving and the timing and differences in mobility rates among subgroups. The section concludes with a regression analysis of individual mobility.

Of the 1.7 million public school students in the dataset, approximately 176,000 students, or 10.3%, were mobile during 2012-13 school year. Among mobile students, 59.0% transferred to another public school within Georgia. The top six reasons for transferring out of a Georgia public school are listed below in Table 5.

Mobility by Month

Students withdrew from schools at similar rates in each month during the year, with the exception of April, when a relatively smaller percentage of students withdrew. The distribution of student entries was not as evenly distributed, with a spike in January but relatively few in December and April. Figure 4 below shows the distribution of exits and entries by month. As noted previously, the entry data and withdrawal data do not necessarily reflect the actual date of enrollment and withdrawal. Rather, it is the date that the school entered or removed the student in the student information system.

Student-Level Mobility in Georgia

17.1%15.0%

16.1%17.0%

13.7% 13.5%

7.6%

16.9%

13.7%

6.6%

27.9%

13.2% 12.8%

8.7%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

October November December January February March April

% of Withdrawals % of Entries

Reason for Moving Percent of All Exits Transferred to another GA public school outside district 35.0% Transferred within district 24.0% Transferred out of state or country 17.2% Unknown 6.6% Removed for Lack of Attendance 4.5% Attended Home Study 3.7% Miscellaneous Other Reasons 9.0%

Table 5: Top Reasons for Mobility

Figure 4: Mobility Timing

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 13

Mobility by Race/Ethnicity

Native American and black students were the most mobile subgroups, with 13.6% of Native American students and 13.3% of black students moving at least once during the school year. White and Asian students were the least mobile, with 7.8% and 8.6% in those groups, respectively, transferring schools during 2012-13.

These patterns held when comparing the race/ethnicity breakdown in the total student population to the racial/ethnic breakdown in the mobile population, as seen in the figure below.28 Black students comprised 37.1% of the student population but accounted for 47.9% of the mobile students. Conversely, white students comprised 43.2% of all students, but only 32.7% of mobile students were white.

 

Figure 5: Total Population and Mobile Population by Race/Ethnicity

“Black students comprised 37.1% of the student population but accounted for 47.9% of the mobile students. Conversely, white students comprised 43.2% of all students, but only 32.7% of mobile students were white.”

14Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

Mobility among Students Who Qualify for FRL

Fifty-seven percent of Georgia students qualified for FRL in 2012-13. FRL students were significantly more likely to be mobile; 12.7% of FRL students moved during the year, compared with 7.1% of non-FRL students.29

This pattern generally held when broken down by race/ethnicity. Figure 6 below compares the percentage of all students who qualified for FRL to the percentage of mobile students qualified for FRL by race/ethnicity.

With the exception of Hispanic students, FRL students were more likely to move than non-FRL students within each racial/ethnic group.30 The difference between FRL and non-FRL students was particularly large among white students. In the overall population, 36.2% of white students qualified for FRL, but 57.2% of mobile white students qualified for FRL. Based on this figure, it appears that FRL status is at least partially driving racial/ethnic differences in mobility, but regression analysis is needed to parse out the effects.

Figure 6: Mobility by Race/Ethnicity and FRL Status

“FRL students were significantly more likely to be mobile; 12.7% of FRL students moved during the year, compared with 7.1% of non-FRL students.”

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 15

Other Student Characteristics

Figure 7 displays the differences in mobility between students in other subgroups, including ELL, SWD, and gifted students. It also includes percentages by grade cluster (elementary, middle, and high school).

ELL students comprised 7.0% of Georgia students in 2012-13. ELL students were slightly more mobile than non-ELL students (11.4% compared with 10.2%).31

SWD were also more likely to move than non-SWD. 12.6% of SWD were mobile, compared with 10.0% of students who were not identified as SWD.32 In 2012-13, 11.5% of Georgia students were identified as SWD.

Gifted students were far less mobile than non-gifted students.33 Only 2.8% of gifted students were mobile, compared with 11.3% of non-gifted students. Gifted students were also much less likely to be FRL students. While 57.0%

of Georgia public school children qualified for FRL, only 26.4% of gifted students qualified. Consistent with the patterns seen above, FRL status may play a significant role in the mobility of gifted students. Roughly half of all gifted students who were mobile also qualified for FRL. Compared with the mobile population, gifted students were more likely to transfer between semesters. More specifically, they were more likely to withdraw in December (21.7% compared with 16.1%) and enter a new school in January (35.8% compared with 27.9%).34

Elementary and high school students were slightly more mobile than middle school students. 10.6% of elementary and 10.5% of high school students were mobile, compared with 9.6% of middle school students.35 Compared with all mobile students, high school students were more likely to enter a new school in January (34.4% compared with 27.9%) and to withdraw from a school in January (20.4% compared with 17.0%).36

 

Figure 7: Mobility by other Subgroups

16Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

Student-Level Regression Analysis

As mentioned above, regression analysis is needed to isolate the relationship between the above variables and student mobility. Logistic regression allows for the examination of the effect of each variable on the likelihood that a student is mobile, while holding the other variables constant. The model includes free and reduced-price lunch status, disability status, English Language Learner status, gifted status, grade cluster, and race/ethnicity as follows:37

where represents the standard logistic distribution. White students are the reference category for race/ethnicity, and elementary students are the reference category for grade cluster. Coefficients from this model must be converted to probabilities. The probabilities are presented below, and the coefficients are presented in Appendix D.38

Of the variables included in the model, being gifted had the largest marginal effect on mobility. On average, gifted students were 11.3% less likely to be mobile than non-gifted students, holding constant the other variables in the model. FRL status had the second largest effect. FRL students were 3.9% more likely to be mobile than non-FRL students. Interestingly, FRL status decreased the likelihood a gifted student will move by 3.7%.39 ELL students and SWD were 0.6% and 1.3% more likely to be mobile, respectively, compared with students not in those subgroups.

The summary statistics indicated that student mobility patterns differed by race/ethnicity. However, once the other variables in the model are held constant, the effect of qualifying for

FRL had a fairly consistent effect on mobility across races. The greatest disparity was between Native American students and white or Hispanic students, but even here the effect of FRL differed only by 1.6 percentage points.40

Pr(Mobilityi=1)

=Λ(β0 + β1*(FRL) + β2*(SWD) + β3 *(ELL) + β4 *(Gifted) + β5*(Middle) + β6*(High)+ β7*(Asian) + β8*(Black) + β9*(Hispanic) + β10*(Native American) + β11*(Multi-Racial) + β12*(Middle School Student)+ β13*(High School Student) + ε)

Λ

 

 

Figure 8: Substantive Effects of Select Demographic Variables

Figure 9: Increased Likelihood of Mobility Due to FRL Status

“Once the other variables in the model are held constant, the effect of qualifying for FRL had a fairly consistent effect on mobility across races.”

17Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

Student mobility affects all students, teachers, and schools. However, prior to this study, little was known about student mobility in Georgia. This report utilizes data from GA•AWARDS to analyze student mobility at the individual, school, and district levels.

The median school had a 2012-13 churn rate of 16.9%, but variation among schools is great. The lowest school churn rate was 1.1%, and 41 schools, all alternative schools, had churn rates above 100%. In the school-level regression, as the percentage of SWD and FRL students increased in a school, the school’s churn rate also increased. However, as the percentage of ELL and gifted students increased, the churn rate decreased. The percentage of minority students was not a statistically significant predictor of school-level mobility when controlling for other factors. School size, county population, and median household income had small effects. Regional indicator variables, the presence of a military base, and change in the unemployment rate did not have a statistically significant effect.

At the student level, 10.3% of students were classified as mobile during the 2012-13 school year. Regression analysis shows that gifted and ELL students were less likely to be mobile than students not in those subgroups, while FRL students were more likely to be mobile than non-FRL students. The mobility patterns of FRL and non-FRL students were mostly consistent, regardless of student race/ethnicity.

While this study provides information on patterns in student mobility, many questions remain regarding the effects of student mobility. In particular, future studies should examine the relationship between student mobility and academic achievement and whether mobile students are moving to better, worse, or comparable schools.

Conclusion

“ As the percentage of SWD and FRL students increased in a school, the school’s churn rate also increased. However, as the percentage of ELL and gifted students increased, the churn rate decreased.”

18Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

1. GOSA analyzed data from the 2010-11 and 2011-12 school years for comparison. Both years exhibited mobility patterns similar to 2012-13, so only 2012-13 is presented in this report. 2. See, for example: Community Research Partners. 2012. “Student Nomads: Mobility in Ohio’s Schools.” Research conducted for the Thomas B. Fordham Institute. Education Research & Data Center. 2010. “A First Look at Student Mobility.” State of Washington. O’Donnell, Robert and Anna Gazos. 2010. “Student Mobility in Massachusetts” Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education.3. GOSA did not run regressions on school level churn rates in 2010-11 and 2011-12.4. Community Research Partners. 2012. “Student Nomads: Mobility in Ohio’s Schools.” Research conducted for the Thomas B. Fordham Institute.5. These dates can be found on GaDOE’s website and are as follows: 2010-11: October 5, 2010; 2011-12: October 4, 2011; 2012-13: October 2, 2012. May 1 represents a consistent date that is prior to the end of the school year in all Georgia districts. Students may enter/withdraw on or before May 1.6. The GaDOE treats all state and commission charter schools as separate districts. 7. Five schools in the dataset were not assigned to a RESA because they serve the entire state of Georgia: Georgia Con-nections Academy, Atlanta Area School for the Deaf, Georgia School for the Deaf, Provost Academy Georgia, Odyssey School.8. For ease in presentation, schools with a churn rate of more than 100% were recoded to equal 100%. 9. High poverty and low poverty definitions follow those used by the National Center of Education Statistics. Schools that had between 25% and 75% FRL had a median churn rate of 14.7% (1,162 schools).10. The Georgia School for the Deaf and the Atlanta Area School for the Deaf were “high poverty” schools but were not assigned a RESA for the purposes of this analysis because they serve the entire state of Georgia. They are included in the All Schools line in the table. The only “low poverty” school in Heart of Georgia RESA was the Dublin City Alternative School.11. Seven schools had a majority of gifted students: Esther F. Garrison School of Visual and Performing Arts and Savannah Arts Academy in Chatham County; Kittredge Magnet School, Wadsworth Magnet School for High Achiev-ers, DeKalb School of the Arts in DeKalb County; Marietta Center for Advanced Academics in Marietta City; and the Gwinnett School of Mathematics, Science, and Technology in Gwinnett County.12. For ease in presentation, schools with a churn rate of more than 100% were recoded to equal 100%. 13. White’s original heteroskedasticity test rejected the null hypothesis of homoskedasticity. Multicollinearity is not an issue; variance inflation factors of the independent variables range from 1.12 to 5.84. 14. With regard to race/ethnicity, national data also show that Hispanics and African Americans are more mobile than people of other races/ethnicities. Source: Ihrke, David K. and Carol S. Faber. 2012. “Geographical Mobility: 2005-2010.” 15. The data provided contained 190 missing values for percent gifted. GOSA consulted student records to populate these missing values and added values to an additional 92 schools. 16. North equals one for the districts in the Northwest Georgia, Northeast Georgia, North Georgia, and Pioneer RE-SAs. Metro Atlanta equals one for the districts in the Metro Atlanta RESA. Middle equals one for districts in the West Georgia, Griffin, Middle Georgia, Oconee, and Central Savannah River RESAs. South Georgia includes the districts in the Chattahoochee-Flint, Heart of Georgia, First, Southwest Georgia, Coastal Plains, and Okefenokee RESAs. 17. This analysis uses metropolitan statistical areas, delineated by the Office of Management and Budget, which contain “a large population nucleus and adjacent communities that have a high degree of integration.”(Source: Federal Register. “Part IV: Office of Management and Budget: 2010 Standards for Delineating Metropolitan and Micropolitian Statistical Areas; Notice.” June 28, 2010.). To obtain information on the latest delineations, see OMB Bulletin No. 13-01. The military variable equals one for districts in the metropolitan statistical areas that contain Albany Marine Corps Logistics Base, Fort Gordon, Kings Bay Submarine Base, Fort Benning, Fort Stewart, Moody Air Force Base, and Warner-Robins Air Force Base. These districts are: Baker County, Brantley County, Brooks County, Bryan County, Burke County, Cha-tham County, Chattahoochee County, Columbia County, Dougherty County, Echols County, Effingham County, Glynn County, Harris County, Houston County, Lanier County, Lee County, Lincoln County, Lowndes County, Marion

Endnotes

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 19

County, McDuffie County, McIntosh County, Muscogee County, Peach County, Pulaski County, Richmond County, Worth County, and Valdosta City.18. Seven schools are not associated with one county because they serve students of multiple counties or all the students in Georgia. In these cases, the county-level variables are coded as missing and are thus not included in the regression analysis. These schools are Pataula Charter Academy, Odyssey School, Provost Academy Georgia, Georgia Connections Academy, Atlanta Area School for the Deaf, Georgia School for the Deaf, and the Mountain Education Center School. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics 19. Source: Ihrke, David K. and Carol S. Faber. 2012. “Geographical Mobility: 2005-2010.” See also: Ihrke, David K., Carol S. Faber, & William K. Koeber. 2011. “Geographical Mobility: 2008-2009.” 20. School size is measured by the number of students enrolled in that school as of October 2, 2012. This is the same number as the churn rate’s denominator. Source: Author’s calculations. 21. For example, Atlanta Public Schools draws students predominantly from Fulton County but also from DeKalb County. For this analysis, it is associated with Fulton County.22. Source: Schachter, Jason P., Rachel S. Franklin, & Marc J. Perry. 2003. “Migration and Geographic Mobility in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan America: 1995 to 2000.” See also this Census Bureau graph of historical trends.23. The school’s county population is measured by the 2012 estimate. 2013 data are not available. Source: US Census Bureau24. This variable reflects 2011 estimates. 2012 data were not available at the time the analysis was conducted. Source: US Census Bureau25. Source: Ihrke, David K. and Carol S. Faber. 2012. “Geographical Mobility: 2005-2010.” 26. See endnote 9 for low and high poverty definitions27. Because this variable is log transformed, this effect is calculated by multiplying the value of the coefficient by log(1.5). 28. The difference between the percent of the overall population and the percent of the mobile population was statis-tically significant for all groups, except for Native American students, as determined by one-sample test of proportions (p<0.5).29. Differences between groups were statistically significant, as determined by Pearson’s Chi-Squared (p<.05).30. Differences were statistically significant, as determined by one-sample test of proportions (p<.05).31. Differences between groups were statistically significant, as determined by Pearson’s Chi-Squared (p<.05). 32. Differences between groups were statistically significant, as determined by Pearson’s Chi-Squared (p<.05). 33. Differences between groups were statistically significant, as determined by Pearson’s Chi-Squared (p<.05). Gifted students comprised 11.9% of the population in 2012-13. 34. Differences were statistically significant, as determined by one-sample test of proportions (p<.05).35. Differences between groups were statistically significant, as determined by Pearson’s Chi-Squared (p<.05). 36. Differences were statistically significant, as determined by one-sample test of proportions (p<.05).37. Using unduplicated data. The student is the unit of observation. Using the definition above, a student is consid-ered mobile if he or she ever moves during the academic year.38. Substantive effects estimates were derived using the margins package in Stata 12.39. The likelihood that a student who was gifted and qualified for FRL was mobile is -9.05%. This likelihood de-creases if the student was gifted and not qualified for FRL— -12.71%. 40. That is to say that Native American students in the FRL category were 5.0% more likely to be mobile than are Native American students in the non-FRL category, while white and Hispanic students in the FRL category were 3.4% more likely to be mobile than are white students in the non-FRL category.

20Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

Appendix A: District Churn RatesDistrict 2012-13 Churn RateAppling County 14.5%Atkinson County 16.2%Bacon County 12.8%Baker County 19.9%Baldwin County 12.6%Banks County 11.7%Barrow County 15.5%Bartow County 19.1%Ben Hill County 13.6%Berrien County 16.9%Bibb County 23.6%Bleckley County 10.7%Brantley County 18.3%Brooks County 20.5%Bryan County 13.8%Bulloch County 19.4%Burke County 12.9%Butts County 20.0%Calhoun County 11.2%Camden County 18.5%Candler County 16.7%Carroll County 20.5%Catoosa County 13.5%Charlton County 16.1%Chatham County 25.3%Chattahoochee County 27.4%Chattooga County 19.9%Cherokee County 12.4%Clarke County 19.1%Clay County 11.1%Clayton County 31.0%Clinch County 15.1%Cobb County 15.9%Coffee County 19.5%Colquitt County 17.4%Columbia County 13.8%Cook County 15.5%Coweta County 14.5%Crawford County 14.6%Crisp County 14.3%Dade County 12.7%Dawson County 13.4%Decatur County 15.1%DeKalb County 27.9%Dodge County 11.6%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 21

District 2012-13 Churn RateDooly County 13.5%Dougherty County 15.3%Douglas County 20.3%Early County 7.2%Echols County 17.6%Effingham County 14.0%Elbert County 14.3%Emanuel County 13.9%Evans County 11.9%Fannin County 13.1%Fayette County 10.4%Floyd County 15.3%Forsyth County 8.5%Franklin County 13.6%Fulton County 18.7%Gilmer County 13.4%Glascock County 12.3%Glynn County 21.7%Gordon County 18.8%Grady County 17.7%Greene County 10.9%Gwinnett County 17.0%Habersham County 14.9%Hall County 15.3%Hancock County 7.4%Haralson County 21.2%Harris County 8.4%Hart County 14.2%Heard County 18.7%Henry County 20.6%Houston County 18.3%Irwin County 12.4%Jackson County 15.4%Jasper County 16.4%Jeff Davis County 12.6%Jefferson County 11.8%Jenkins County 15.0%Johnson County 12.9%Jones County 10.8%Lamar County 13.8%Lanier County 23.5%Laurens County 11.7%Lee County 11.1%

22Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

District 2012-13 Churn RateLiberty County 29.2%Lincoln County 7.5%Long County 26.1%Lowndes County 17.2%Lumpkin County 18.5%Macon County 13.1%Madison County 13.9%Marion County 14.8%McDuffie County 11.4%McIntosh County 13.7%Meriwether County 15.6%Miller County 16.1%Mitchell County 12.0%Monroe County 14.3%Montgomery County 23.9%Morgan County 10.0%Murray County 21.2%Muscogee County 22.5%Newton County 23.0%Oconee County 7.7%Oglethorpe County 12.6%Paulding County 14.2%Peach County 17.0%Pickens County 13.5%Pierce County 14.3%Pike County 8.9%Polk County 19.4%Pulaski County 14.0%Putnam County 11.2%Quitman County 15.2%Rabun County 12.1%Randolph County 16.7%Richmond County 26.6%Rockdale County 22.0%Schley County 7.8%Screven County 14.5%Seminole County 12.6%Spalding County 24.6%Stephens County 15.2%Stewart County 14.0%Sumter County 12.2%Talbot County 9.5%Taliaferro County 18.9%Tattnall County 19.8%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 23

District 2012-13 Churn RateTaylor County 18.9%Telfair County 13.0%Terrell County 11.2%Thomas County 16.1%Tift County 17.8%Toombs County 18.2%Towns County 12.1%Treutlen County 11.5%Troup County 16.6%Turner County 17.9%Twiggs County 18.1%Union County 11.7%Thomaston-Upson County 10.9%Walker County 18.3%Walton County 15.7%Ware County 22.6%Warren County 11.2%Washington County 8.6%Wayne County 18.6%Webster County 20.0%Wheeler County 11.9%White County 15.6%Whitfield County 16.7%Wilcox County 11.9%Wilkes County 7.5%Wilkinson County 9.3%Worth County 13.5%Atlanta Public Schools 29.8%Bremen City 7.6%Buford City 9.6%Calhoun City 15.3%Carrollton City 10.4%Cartersville City 14.1%Chickamauga City 4.0%Commerce City 11.9%Dalton City 15.8%Decatur City 5.5%Dublin City 27.3%Gainesville City 16.6%Jefferson City 8.0%Marietta City 26.2%Pelham City 18.9%Rome City 19.2%Social Circle City 15.2%

24Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

District 2012-13 Churn RateThomasville City 13.9%Trion City 3.4%Valdosta City 25.9%Vidalia City 13.1%State Charter Schools- Mountain Education Center School 90.1%State Charter Schools- Odyssey School 24.1%State Charter Schools- Scholars Academy Charter School 20.3%State Charter Schools- Provost Academy Georgia 289.2%State Charter Schools- Cherokee Charter Academy 10.3%State Charter Schools- Heritage Preparatory Academy School 17.3%State Charter Schools- Georgia Connections Academy 67.6%State Charter Schools- Ivy Preparatory Young Men's Leadership Academy School 13.6%State Charter Schools- Ivy Prep Academy at Kirkwood for Girls School 9.0%Commission Charter Schools- CCAT School 29.5%Commission Charter Schools- Ivy Preparatory Academy School 17.5%Commission Charter Schools- Pataula Charter Academy 9.0%Commission Charter Schools- Fulton Leadership Academy 8.1%Commission Charter Schools- Atlanta Heights Charter School 14.0%Commission Charter Schools- Coweta Charter Academy 4.7%State Schools- Atlanta Area School for the Deaf 14.2%State Schools- Georgia School for the Deaf 21.0%

25Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateAltamaha Elementary School Appling County 9.1%Appling County Elementary School Appling County 15.0%Appling County High School Appling County 13.9%Appling County Middle School Appling County 11.7%Appling County Primary School Appling County 15.4%Baxley Wilderness Institute Appling County 100.0%Fourth District Elementary School Appling County 34.4%Atkinson County High School Atkinson County 15.4%Atkinson County Middle School Atkinson County 14.7%Pearson Elementary School Atkinson County 14.7%Willacoochee Elementary School Atkinson County 25.4%Adamsville Primary School Atlanta Public Schools 46.3%APS-Forrest Hills Academy Atlanta Public Schools 427.8%Atlanta Charter Middle School Atlanta Public Schools 6.1%Atlanta Preparatory Academy Atlanta Public Schools 20.9%Bazoline E. Usher/Collier Heights Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 37.7%Beecher Hills Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 22.3%Benteen Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 43.1%Bethune Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 49.4%Bolton Academy Atlanta Public Schools 16.2%Booker T. Washington - Early College Small School Atlanta Public Schools 9.7%Booker T. Washington High School - Banking, Finance and Investment Small School Atlanta Public Schools 41.0%Booker T. Washington High School - Health, Sciences and Nutrition Small School Atlanta Public Schools 42.7%Boyd Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 37.1%Brandon Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 5.8%Brown Middle School Atlanta Public Schools 39.7%Bunche Middle School Atlanta Public Schools 35.9%Burgess-Peterson Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 16.1%Cascade Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 56.5%Centennial Place Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 33.1%Charles R. Drew Charter School Atlanta Public Schools 4.0%Cleveland Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 45.8%Coan Middle School Atlanta Public Schools 36.7%Connally Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 43.5%Continental Colony Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 52.2%Coretta Scott King Young Women's Academy High School Atlanta Public Schools 15.7%Coretta Scott King Young Women's Academy Middle School Atlanta Public Schools 28.6%Crim High School Atlanta Public Schools 94.7%D. H. Stanton Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 38.6%Deerwood Academy School Atlanta Public Schools 20.2%Dobbs Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 37.4%Douglass High School Atlanta Public Schools 39.7%Dunbar Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 50.3%Early College High School at Carver Atlanta Public Schools 4.5%F. L. Stanton Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 49.0%Fain Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 39.8%Fickett Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 34.6%Finch Elementary Atlanta Public Schools 41.0%

Appendix B: School Churn Rates

26Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateGarden Hills Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 14.6%Gideons Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 31.1%Grady High School Atlanta Public Schools 15.3%Grove Park Intermediate School Atlanta Public Schools 42.0%Harper-Archer Middle School Atlanta Public Schools 55.5%Heritage Academy Elementary Atlanta Public Schools 36.3%Hillside Conant School Atlanta Public Schools 254.5%Humphries Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 26.5%Hutchinson Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 44.0%Imagine Wesley International Academy Charter Facility Atlanta Public Schools 3.3%Inman Middle School Atlanta Public Schools 19.7%Intown Charter Academy Atlanta Public Schools 30.4%Jackson Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 7.5%Kennedy Middle School Atlanta Public Schools 29.5%Kimberly Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 60.2%Kindezi Atlanta Public Schools 1.8%King Middle School Atlanta Public Schools 41.1%KIPP Atlanta Collegiate Atlanta Public Schools 18.4%Kipp Strive Academy Atlanta Public Schools 5.8%KIPP Strive Primary Atlanta Public Schools 6.3%KIPP VISION Atlanta Public Schools 16.5%KIPP West Atlanta Young Scholars Academy Atlanta Public Schools 11.6%Latin Academy Charter School Atlanta Public Schools 11.0%Lin Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 5.2%Long Middle School Atlanta Public Schools 45.8%M. A. Jones Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 36.9%Maynard H. Jackson, Jr. High School Atlanta Public Schools 29.3%Mays High School Atlanta Public Schools 20.8%Miles Intermediate School Atlanta Public Schools 35.3%Morningside Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 7.8%Neighborhood Charter School Atlanta Public Schools 2.5%North Atlanta High School Atlanta Public Schools 13.4%Parks Middle School Atlanta Public Schools 16.8%Parkside Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 19.8%Perkerson Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 34.3%Peyton Forest Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 39.2%Price Middle School Atlanta Public Schools 39.1%Rivers Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 14.2%School of Health Sciences and Research at Carver Atlanta Public Schools 36.4%School of Technology at Carver Atlanta Public Schools 42.0%Scott Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 43.5%Slater Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 51.4%Smith Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 8.0%South Atlanta Law and Social Justice School Atlanta Public Schools 36.0%South Atlanta School of Computer Animation and Design Atlanta Public Schools 31.3%South Atlanta School of Health and Medical Science Atlanta Public Schools 26.8%Springdale Park Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 11.8%Sutton Middle School Atlanta Public Schools 12.4%Sylvan Hills Middle School Atlanta Public Schools 55.7%The Best Academy at Benjamin S. Carson Atlanta Public Schools 25.8%The Best Academy High School at Benjamin S. Carson Atlanta Public Schools 22.4%The John Hope-Charles Walter Hill Elementary Schools Atlanta Public Schools 41.2%The School of the Arts at Carver Atlanta Public Schools 28.6%Therrell School of Engineering, Math, and Science Atlanta Public Schools 36.5%Therrell School of Health and Science Atlanta Public Schools 30.7%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 27

School District 2012-13 Churn RateTherrell School of Law, Government and Public Policy Atlanta Public Schools 50.4%Thomasville Heights Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 34.4%Toomer Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 26.1%Towns Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 34.7%Venetian Hills Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 46.7%West Manor Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 13.9%Whitefoord Elementary School Atlanta Public Schools 22.8%Woodson Primary School Atlanta Public Schools 42.8%Young Middle School Atlanta Public Schools 29.4%Bacon County Elementary School Bacon County 13.7%Bacon County High School Bacon County 11.2%Bacon County Middle School Bacon County 9.9%Bacon County Primary School Bacon County 16.7%Baker County K12 School Baker County 19.9%Baldwin High School Baldwin County 13.2%Blandy Hills Elementary School Baldwin County 12.7%Creekside Elementary School Baldwin County 13.2%Eagle Ridge Elementary School Baldwin County 10.2%Midway Elementary School Baldwin County 16.5%Oak Hill Middle School Baldwin County 11.3%Banks County Elementary School Banks County 10.0%Banks County High School Banks County 11.2%Banks County Middle School Banks County 10.5%Banks County Primary School Banks County 15.4%Apalachee High School Barrow County 13.9%Auburn Elementary School Barrow County 19.1%Bethlehem Elementary School Barrow County 14.3%Bramlett Elementary School Barrow County 12.6%College and Career Preparatory Academy Barrow County 108.5%County Line Elementary School Barrow County 17.1%Haymon-Morris Middle School Barrow County 12.9%Holsenbeck Elementary School Barrow County 20.5%Kennedy Elementary School Barrow County 17.5%Russell Middle School Barrow County 12.8%Statham Elementary School Barrow County 13.8%Westside Middle School Barrow County 16.5%Winder-Barrow High School Barrow County 12.6%Winder-Barrow Middle School Barrow County 14.5%Yargo Elementary School Barrow County 8.6%Adairsville Elementary School Bartow County 16.9%Adairsville High School Bartow County 18.2%Adairsville Middle School Bartow County 14.7%Allatoona Elementary School Bartow County 24.4%Cass Middle School Bartow County 15.6%Clear Creek Elementary School Bartow County 19.6%Cloverleaf Elementary Bartow County 27.3%Emerson Elementary School Bartow County 29.9%Euharlee Elementary School Bartow County 14.6%Hamilton Crossing Elementary School Bartow County 19.8%Kingston Elementary School Bartow County 34.2%Mission Road Elementary School Bartow County 17.3%New Cass High School Bartow County 19.9%Pine Log Elementary Bartow County 21.0%South Central Middle School Bartow County 23.8%Taylorsville Elementary School Bartow County 14.3%

28Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateWhite Elementary School Bartow County 19.1%Woodland High School Bartow County 16.3%Woodland Middle School at Euharlee Bartow County 13.1%Ben Hill County Middle School Ben Hill County 16.7%Ben Hill County Primary School Ben Hill County 13.7%Ben Hill Elementary School Ben Hill County 11.3%Fitzgerald High School Ben Hill County 12.7%Berrien Academy Performance Learning Center Berrien County 60.3%Berrien Elementary School Berrien County 13.9%Berrien High School Berrien County 16.5%Berrien Middle School Berrien County 13.9%Berrien Primary School Berrien County 18.7%Alexander II Magnet School Bibb County 2.8%Appling Middle School Bibb County 22.3%Ballard Hudson Middle School Bibb County 35.8%Barden Elementary School Bibb County 34.0%Bernd Elementary School Bibb County 21.8%Bloomfield Middle School Bibb County 29.6%Brookdale Elementary School Bibb County 29.0%Bruce Elementary Bibb County 29.9%Burdell Elementary School Bibb County 26.9%Burghard Elementary School Bibb County 44.1%Carter Elementary School Bibb County 19.5%Central High School Bibb County 19.9%Hartley Elementary School Bibb County 42.3%Heard Elementary School Bibb County 12.4%Heritage Elementary School Bibb County 16.9%Howard High School Bibb County 23.2%Howard Middle School Bibb County 24.0%Ingram/Pye Elementary School Bibb County 32.6%Jones Elementary School Bibb County 21.6%King - Danforth Elementary School Bibb County 43.1%Lane Elementary School Bibb County 36.7%Macon Behavioral Health System Bibb County 531.3%Miller Magnet Middle School Bibb County 16.8%Morgan Elementary School Bibb County 35.4%Northeast High School Bibb County 28.0%Porter Elementary School Bibb County 18.7%Price Educational Center Bibb County 138.5%Rice Elementary School Bibb County 25.7%Riley Elementary School Bibb County 28.8%Rosa Taylor Elementary School Bibb County 21.1%Rutland High School Bibb County 18.2%Rutland Middle School Bibb County 17.3%Skyview Elementary School Bibb County 9.3%Southwest High School Bibb County 27.6%Springdale Elementary School Bibb County 11.5%Union Elementary School Bibb County 28.8%Vineville Academy Bibb County 5.3%Weaver Middle School Bibb County 20.2%Westside High Bibb County 25.6%William S. Hutchings Career Center Bibb County 15.1%Williams Elementary School Bibb County 34.7%Bleckley County Elementary School Bleckley County 10.2%Bleckley County High School Bleckley County 9.2%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 29

School District 2012-13 Churn RateBleckley County Primary School Bleckley County 11.8%Bleckley Middle School Bleckley County 8.6%Middle Georgia Wilderness Institute DJJ Facility Bleckley County 142.9%Atkinson Elementary School Brantley County 21.7%Brantley County High School Brantley County 12.9%Brantley County Middle School Brantley County 16.8%Hoboken Elementary School Brantley County 20.6%Nahunta Elementary School Brantley County 16.0%Nahunta Primary School Brantley County 22.4%Waynesville Primary School Brantley County 26.7%Bremen 4th & 5th Grade Academy Bremen City 9.7%Bremen High School Bremen City 4.8%Bremen Middle School Bremen City 5.6%Jones Elementary School Bremen City 10.5%Brooks County High School Brooks County 15.1%Brooks County Middle School Brooks County 22.5%North Brooks Elementary School Brooks County 24.6%Quitman Elementary School Brooks County 21.2%Bryan County Elementary School Bryan County 16.9%Bryan County High School Bryan County 17.1%Bryan County Middle School Bryan County 16.9%Dr. George Washington Carver Elementary School Bryan County 10.9%Lanier Primary School Bryan County 19.8%Richmond Hill Elementary School Bryan County 12.4%Richmond Hill High School Bryan County 11.4%Richmond Hill Middle School Bryan County 12.2%Richmond Hill Primary School Bryan County 17.7%Buford Academy Buford City 10.0%Buford Elementary School Buford City 12.2%Buford High School Buford City 8.1%Buford Middle School Buford City 9.1%Brooklet Elementary School Bulloch County 12.5%Bryant Elementary School Bulloch County 13.1%Langston Chapel Elementary School Bulloch County 33.7%Langston Chapel Middle School Bulloch County 32.1%Mattie Lively Elementary School Bulloch County 19.2%Mill Creek Elementary School Bulloch County 22.3%New Nevils Elementary School Bulloch County 10.2%New Southeast Bulloch High School Bulloch County 15.8%Portal Elementary School Bulloch County 20.2%Portal Middle/High School Bulloch County 18.0%Sallie Zetterower Elementary School Bulloch County 21.2%Southeast Bulloch Middle School Bulloch County 16.0%Statesboro High School Bulloch County 18.5%Stilson Elementary School Bulloch County 21.8%William James Middle School Bulloch County 17.3%Blakeney Elementary Burke County 12.4%Burke County High School Burke County 10.3%Burke County Middle School Burke County 13.3%S G A Elementary School Burke County 21.5%Waynesboro Primary School Burke County 13.6%Hampton L. Daughtry Elementary School Butts County 24.0%Henderson Middle School Butts County 17.3%Jackson High School Butts County 19.5%New Jackson Elementary School Butts County 18.2%

30Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateStark Elementary School Butts County 22.4%Calhoun Elementary School Calhoun City 15.7%Calhoun High School Calhoun City 11.2%Calhoun Middle School Calhoun City 12.1%Calhoun Primary School Calhoun City 21.4%Calhoun County Elementary School Calhoun County 9.8%Calhoun County High School Calhoun County 13.2%Calhoun County Middle School Calhoun County 12.1%Camden County High School Camden County 9.9%Camden Middle School Camden County 14.4%Crooked River Elementary School Camden County 30.6%David L Rainer Elementary School Camden County 22.4%Kingsland Elementary School Camden County 24.7%Mamie Lou Gross Elementary School Camden County 31.2%Mary Lee Clark Elementary School Camden County 24.4%Matilda Harris Elementary School Camden County 21.5%Saint Mary's Elementary School Camden County 24.0%Saint Mary's Middle School Camden County 18.6%Sugarmill Elementary Camden County 24.4%Woodbine Elementary School Camden County 17.8%Metter Elementary School Candler County 18.9%Metter High School Candler County 15.0%Metter Intermediate School Candler County 19.8%Metter Middle School Candler County 12.9%Bay Springs Middle School Carroll County 18.0%Bowdon Elementary School Carroll County 16.7%Bowdon High School Carroll County 16.4%Bowdon Middle School Carroll County 16.0%Central Elementary School Carroll County 17.2%Central High School Carroll County 18.2%Central Middle School Carroll County 14.5%Glanton-Hindsman Elementary Carroll County 21.3%Ithica Elementary Carroll County 22.8%KidsPeace Carroll County 173.7%Mount Zion Elementary School Carroll County 20.9%Mt. Zion High School Carroll County 17.3%Mt. Zion Middle School Carroll County 24.1%Providence Elementary School Carroll County 22.9%Roopville Elementary School Carroll County 15.8%Sand Hill Elementary School Carroll County 23.4%Sharp Creek Elementary School Carroll County 28.2%Temple Elementary School Carroll County 29.2%Temple High School Carroll County 19.5%Temple Middle School Carroll County 21.5%Villa Rica Elementary School Carroll County 22.2%Villa Rica High School Carroll County 19.0%Villa Rica Middle Carroll County 22.5%Whitesburg Elementary School Carroll County 16.7%Carrollton Elementary School Carrollton City 13.4%Carrollton High School Carrollton City 8.7%Carrollton Jr. High School Carrollton City 10.4%Carrollton Middle-Upper Elementary School Carrollton City 8.4%Cartersville Elementary School Cartersville City 13.8%Cartersville High School Cartersville City 11.9%Cartersville Middle School Cartersville City 13.8%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 31

School District 2012-13 Churn RateCartersville Primary School Cartersville City 17.5%Battlefield Elementary School Catoosa County 13.5%Battlefield Primary Catoosa County 17.2%Boynton Elementary School Catoosa County 10.3%Cloud Springs Elementary School Catoosa County 12.6%Graysville Elementary School Catoosa County 12.5%Heritage High School Catoosa County 7.1%Heritage Middle School Catoosa County 8.7%Lakeview Middle School Catoosa County 18.9%Lakeview-Fort Oglethorpe High School Catoosa County 14.5%Ringgold Elementary School Catoosa County 11.9%Ringgold High School Catoosa County 14.1%Ringgold Middle School Catoosa County 14.4%Ringgold Primary School Catoosa County 16.4%Tiger Creek Elementary School Catoosa County 20.2%West Side Elementary School Catoosa County 28.5%Woodstation Elementary School Catoosa County 9.2%Bethune Middle School Charlton County 19.1%Charlton County High School Charlton County 10.4%Folkston Elementary School Charlton County 16.0%St. George Elementary School Charlton County 20.0%Bartlett Middle School Chatham County 36.2%Bartow Elementary School Chatham County 24.4%Beach High School Chatham County 31.2%Bloomingdale Elementary School Chatham County 20.0%Butler Elementary School Chatham County 24.5%Coastal Empire Montessori Charter School Chatham County 15.9%Coastal Middle School Chatham County 13.0%DeRenne Middle School Chatham County 42.2%East Broad Street School Chatham County 35.4%Ellis Elementary School Chatham County 4.4%Esther F. Garrison School of Visual and Performing Arts Chatham County 4.4%Gadsden Elementary School Chatham County 24.3%Garden City Elementary School Chatham County 35.9%Georgetown School Chatham County 21.2%Godley Station School Chatham County 23.9%Gould Elementary School Chatham County 28.3%Groves High School Chatham County 31.1%Haven Elementary School Chatham County 30.2%Heard Elementary School Chatham County 16.8%Hesse School Chatham County 12.9%Hodge Elementary School Chatham County 34.7%Howard Elementary School Chatham County 16.2%Hubert Middle School Chatham County 46.0%Islands High School Chatham County 18.9%Isle of Hope School Chatham County 16.9%Jacob G. Smith Elementary School Chatham County 12.6%Jenkins High School Chatham County 19.6%Johnson High School Chatham County 22.7%Largo-Tibet Elementary School Chatham County 24.2%Low Elementary School Chatham County 26.1%Marshpoint Elementary School Chatham County 10.7%Mercer Middle School Chatham County 45.1%Myers Middle School Chatham County 30.3%New Hampstead High School Chatham County 30.5%

32Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateOglethorpe Charter School Chatham County 3.9%Pooler Elementary School Chatham County 24.2%Port Wentworth Elementary School Chatham County 37.5%Pulaski Elementary School Chatham County 37.0%Savannah Arts Academy Chatham County 2.3%Shuman Elementary School Chatham County 36.2%Southwest Elementary School Chatham County 36.0%Southwest Middle School Chatham County 29.7%Spencer Elementary School Chatham County 32.4%The School of Liberal Studies at Savannah High Chatham County 33.6%Thunderbolt Elementary School Chatham County 25.6%UHS of Savannah Coastal Harbor Treatment Center Chatham County 322.2%West Chatham Elementary School Chatham County 20.7%West Chatham Middle School Chatham County 31.8%White Bluff Elementary School Chatham County 33.6%Windsor Forest Elementary School Chatham County 29.1%Windsor Forest High School Chatham County 26.8%Woodville-Tompkins Technical and Career High School Chatham County 5.9%Chattahoochee County Education Center Chattahoochee County 25.0%Chattahoochee County High School Chattahoochee County 30.8%Chattahoochee County Middle School Chattahoochee County 20.7%Chattooga Academy Chattooga County 109.9%Chattooga High School Chattooga County 9.5%Leroy Massey Elementary School Chattooga County 22.5%Lyerly Elementary School Chattooga County 15.4%Menlo Elementary School Chattooga County 14.3%Summerville Middle School Chattooga County 24.0%Arnold Mill Elementary School Cherokee County 10.8%Avery Elementary School Cherokee County 6.9%Ball Ground Elementary School Cherokee County 6.4%Bascomb Elementary School Cherokee County 7.4%Booth Middle School Cherokee County 11.2%Boston Elementary School Cherokee County 14.6%Canton Elementary Cherokee County 19.1%Carmel Elementary School Cherokee County 15.4%Chapman Intermediate School Cherokee County 10.5%Cherokee High School Cherokee County 21.3%Clark Creek Elementary School Cherokee County 18.6%Clayton Elementary School Cherokee County 9.0%Creekland Middle School Cherokee County 7.6%Creekview High School Cherokee County 9.7%Etowah High School Cherokee County 14.4%Free Home Elementary School Cherokee County 12.7%Freedom Middle School Cherokee County 7.3%Hickory Flat Elementary School Cherokee County 9.4%Holly Springs Elementary School Cherokee County 17.3%Indian Knoll Elementary Cherokee County 13.3%J. Knox Elementary Cherokee County 10.1%Johnston Elementary School Cherokee County 13.5%Liberty Elementary School Cherokee County 8.5%Little River Elem. Cherokee County 9.4%Macedonia Elementary School Cherokee County 6.0%Mill Creek Middle School Cherokee County 9.5%Mountain Road Elementary School Cherokee County 8.6%Oak Grove Elementary School Cherokee County 18.8%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 33

School District 2012-13 Churn RateR. M. Moore Elementary School Cherokee County 14.7%River Ridge High School Cherokee County 12.1%Rusk Middle School Cherokee County 12.1%Sequoyah High School Cherokee County 10.8%Sixes Elementary School Cherokee County 8.1%Teasley Middle School Cherokee County 15.1%William G. Hasty, Sr. Elementary School Cherokee County 19.3%Woodstock Elementary School Cherokee County 17.3%Woodstock High School Cherokee County 12.8%Woodstock Middle School Cherokee County 13.9%Chickamauga Elementary School Chickamauga City 4.1%Gordon Lee High School Chickamauga City 3.3%Gordon Lee Middle School Chickamauga City 4.8%Alps Road Elementary School Clarke County 28.5%Barnett Shoals Elementary School Clarke County 16.0%Barrow Elementary School Clarke County 16.0%Burney-Harris-Lyons Middle School Clarke County 10.9%Cedar Shoals High School Clarke County 16.9%Chase Street Elementary School Clarke County 10.6%Clarke Central High School Clarke County 15.1%Clarke Middle School Clarke County 17.3%Classic City High School Clarke County 96.0%Cleveland Road Elementary School Clarke County 19.1%Coile Middle School Clarke County 19.4%Fowler Drive Elementary School Clarke County 32.1%Gaines Elementary School Clarke County 33.2%Hilsman Middle School Clarke County 18.6%Howard B. Stroud Elementary School Clarke County 43.4%Judia Jackson Harris Elementary Clarke County 11.5%Oglethorpe Avenue Elementary School Clarke County 20.9%Timothy Elementary School Clarke County 13.7%Whit Davis Road Elementary School Clarke County 15.4%Whitehead Road Elementary School Clarke County 11.6%Winterville Elementary School Clarke County 22.0%Clay County Elementary Clay County 10.1%Clay County Middle School Clay County 13.1%Adamson Middle School Clayton County 21.9%Anderson Elementary School Clayton County 32.0%Arnold Elementary School Clayton County 13.1%Babb Middle School Clayton County 23.8%Brown Elementary School Clayton County 33.5%Callaway Elementary School Clayton County 35.0%Charles R. Drew High School Clayton County 30.3%Church Street Elementary School Clayton County 35.7%East Clayton Elementary School Clayton County 21.4%Eddie White Academy Clayton County 26.0%Edmonds Elementary School Clayton County 41.7%Elite Scholars Academy School Clayton County 4.7%Forest Park High School Clayton County 26.4%Forest Park Middle School Clayton County 34.9%Fountain Elementary School Clayton County 37.4%Harper Elementary School Clayton County 42.6%Hawthorne Elementary School Clayton County 33.5%Haynie Elementary School Clayton County 34.3%Huie Elementary School Clayton County 46.5%

34Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateJames Jackson Elementary School Clayton County 26.0%Jonesboro High School Clayton County 24.5%Jonesboro Middle School Clayton County 37.8%Kemp Elem School Clayton County 33.0%Kemp Primary Clayton County 35.1%Kendrick Middle School Clayton County 24.4%Kilpatrick Elementary School Clayton County 32.2%Lake City Elementary School Clayton County 19.9%Lake Ridge Elementary School Clayton County 30.0%Lee Street Elementary School Clayton County 36.0%Lovejoy High School Clayton County 23.2%Lovejoy Middle School Clayton County 34.3%M. D. Roberts Middle School Clayton County 13.2%Martin Luther King, Jr. Elementary School Clayton County 39.6%Morrow Elementary School Clayton County 32.6%Morrow High School Clayton County 27.6%Morrow Middle School Clayton County 31.3%Mount Zion Elementary School Clayton County 26.3%Mount Zion High School Clayton County 25.1%Mount Zion Primary Clayton County 37.1%Mundy's Mill High School Clayton County 27.3%Mundys Mill Middle School Clayton County 30.7%North Clayton High School Clayton County 36.8%North Clayton Middle School Clayton County 38.9%Northcutt Elementary School Clayton County 42.3%Oliver Elementary School Clayton County 32.2%Pointe South Elementary School Clayton County 40.7%Pointe South Middle School Clayton County 35.3%Rex Mill Middle School Clayton County 23.7%Riverdale Elementary School Clayton County 48.1%Riverdale High School Clayton County 32.0%Riverdale Middle School Clayton County 32.2%River's Edge Elementary School Clayton County 27.4%Roberta T. Smith Elementary School Clayton County 24.5%Sequoyah Middle School Clayton County 40.1%Suder Elementary School Clayton County 36.2%Swint Elementary School Clayton County 41.3%Tara Elementary School Clayton County 50.6%Thurgood Marshall Elementary School Clayton County 31.4%Unidos Dual Language Charter School Clayton County 9.2%West Clayton Elementary School Clayton County 58.6%William M. McGarrah Elementary School Clayton County 34.3%Clinch County Elementary School Clinch County 20.6%Clinch County High School Clinch County 11.4%Clinch County Middle School Clinch County 11.1%Acworth Intermediate School Cobb County 18.2%Addison Elementary School Cobb County 8.1%Allatoona High School Cobb County 7.0%Argyle Elementary School Cobb County 29.3%Austell Elementary School Cobb County 30.3%Awtrey Middle School Cobb County 12.1%Baker Elementary School Cobb County 16.9%Barber Middle School Cobb County 11.4%Bells Ferry Elementary School Cobb County 25.0%Belmont Hills Elementary School Cobb County 38.5%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 35

School District 2012-13 Churn RateBig Shanty Elementary School Cobb County 13.9%Birney Elementary School Cobb County 29.5%Blackwell Elementary School Cobb County 16.7%Brown Elementary School Cobb County 21.2%Brumby Elementary School Cobb County 38.5%Bryant Elementary School Cobb County 29.5%Bullard Elementary School Cobb County 10.8%Campbell High School Cobb County 21.0%Campbell Middle School Cobb County 28.1%Chalker Elementary School Cobb County 11.7%Cheatham Hill Elementary School Cobb County 10.7%Clarkdale Elementary School Cobb County 30.0%Clay Elementary School Cobb County 24.3%Compton Elementary School Cobb County 33.0%Cooper Middle School Cobb County 23.3%Daniell Middle School Cobb County 15.1%Davis Elementary School Cobb County 10.8%Devereux Ackerman Academy Cobb County 294.9%Dickerson Middle School Cobb County 5.5%Dodgen Middle School Cobb County 4.0%Dowell Elementary School Cobb County 19.0%Due West Elementary School Cobb County 9.8%Durham Middle School Cobb County 5.6%East Cobb Middle School Cobb County 22.6%East Side Elementary School Cobb County 7.3%Eastvalley Elementary School Cobb County 15.3%Fair Oaks Elementary School Cobb County 26.0%Floyd Middle School Cobb County 28.2%Ford Elementary School Cobb County 5.5%Frey Elementary School Cobb County 9.5%Garrett Middle School Cobb County 28.3%Garrison Mill Elementary School Cobb County 6.4%Green Acres Elementary School Cobb County 26.6%Griffin Middle School Cobb County 23.7%Harmony-Leland Elementary School Cobb County 19.5%Harrison High School Cobb County 4.7%Hayes Elementary School Cobb County 23.2%Hendricks Elementary School Cobb County 21.9%Hightower Trail Middle School Cobb County 5.2%Hillgrove High School Cobb County 6.1%Hollydale Elementary School Cobb County 25.0%International Academy of Smyrna Cobb County 4.4%Keheley Elementary School Cobb County 11.6%Kell High School Cobb County 11.5%Kemp Elementary School Cobb County 3.4%Kennesaw Charter School Cobb County 8.0%Kennesaw Elem School Cobb County 17.5%Kennesaw Mountain High School Cobb County 8.6%Kincaid Elementary School Cobb County 11.5%King Springs Elementary School Cobb County 18.2%LaBelle Elementary School Cobb County 35.8%Lassiter High School Cobb County 5.6%Lewis Elementary School Cobb County 11.4%Lindley 6th Grade Academy Cobb County 24.6%Lindley Middle School Cobb County 22.5%

36Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateLost Mountain Middle School Cobb County 4.3%Lovinggood Middle School Cobb County 7.4%Mableton Elementary School Cobb County 23.3%Mabry Middle School Cobb County 4.1%McCall Primary School Cobb County 19.0%McCleskey Middle School Cobb County 10.4%McClure Middle School Cobb County 9.1%McEachern High School Cobb County 14.4%Milford Elementary School Cobb County 37.5%Mount Bethel Elementary School Cobb County 3.9%Mountain View Elementary School Cobb County 7.9%Murdock Elementary School Cobb County 6.9%Nicholson Elementary School Cobb County 13.2%Nickajack Elementary School Cobb County 20.9%North Cobb High School Cobb County 12.3%Norton Park Elementary School Cobb County 45.2%Oakwood Digital Academy Cobb County 124.3%Osborne High School Cobb County 30.5%Palmer Middle School Cobb County 11.9%Pebblebrook High School Cobb County 19.7%Pickett's Mill Elementary Cobb County 5.9%Pine Mountain Middle School Cobb County 19.2%Pitner Elementary School Cobb County 16.1%Pope High School Cobb County 5.7%Powder Springs Elementary School Cobb County 29.8%Powers Ferry Elementary School Cobb County 32.4%Riverside Intermediate School Cobb County 33.5%Riverside Primary School Cobb County 35.8%Rocky Mount Elementary School Cobb County 9.7%Russell Elementary School Cobb County 24.2%Sanders Elementary School Cobb County 28.1%Sedalia Park Elementary School Cobb County 22.4%Shallowford Falls Elementary School Cobb County 8.3%Simpson Middle School Cobb County 6.3%Smitha Middle School Cobb County 26.7%Sope Creek Elementary School Cobb County 9.7%South Cobb High School Cobb County 20.7%Sprayberry High School Cobb County 12.8%Still Elementary School Cobb County 6.0%Tapp Middle School Cobb County 21.1%Teasley Elementary School Cobb County 25.4%Timber Ridge Elementary School Cobb County 4.2%Tritt Elementary School Cobb County 4.4%Varner Elementary School Cobb County 13.8%Vaughan Elementary School Cobb County 6.8%Walton High School Cobb County 4.6%Wheeler High School Cobb County 17.4%Ambrose Elementary School Coffee County 21.3%Broxton-Mary Hayes Elementary Coffee County 26.5%Coffee County High School Coffee County 13.4%Coffee Middle School Coffee County 11.7%Eastside Elementary School Coffee County 25.2%George Washington Carver Freshman Campus Coffee County 21.1%Indian Creek Elementary Coffee County 19.8%Nicholls Elementary School Coffee County 26.8%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 37

School District 2012-13 Churn RateSatilla Elementary School Coffee County 30.8%West Green Elementary School Coffee County 28.0%Westside Elementary School Coffee County 25.1%CA Gray Junior High School Colquitt County 13.2%Colquitt County Achievement Center Colquitt County 134.8%Colquitt County High School Colquitt County 10.0%Cox Elementary School Colquitt County 32.6%Doerun Elementary School Colquitt County 24.5%Funston Elementary School Colquitt County 18.7%Hamilton Elementary School Colquitt County 12.9%Norman Park Elementary School Colquitt County 16.9%Odom Elementary School Colquitt County 22.8%Okapilco Elementary School Colquitt County 17.1%Stringfellow Elementary School Colquitt County 41.6%Sunset Elementary School Colquitt County 14.6%Willie J. Williams Middle School Colquitt County 10.5%Wright Elementary School Colquitt County 11.0%Bel Air Elementary School Columbia County 20.7%Blue Ridge Elementary School Columbia County 14.7%Brookwood Elementary School Columbia County 18.5%Cedar Ridge Elementary School Columbia County 23.9%Columbia Middle School Columbia County 12.3%Euchee Creek Elementary School Columbia County 14.5%Evans Elementary School Columbia County 11.3%Evans High School Columbia County 9.7%Evans Middle School Columbia County 16.5%Greenbrier Elementary School Columbia County 8.6%Greenbrier High School Columbia County 7.4%Greenbrier Middle School Columbia County 7.1%Grovetown Elementary School Columbia County 25.4%Grovetown High School Columbia County 20.5%Grovetown Middle School Columbia County 21.0%Harlem High School Columbia County 9.7%Harlem Middle School Columbia County 14.1%Lakeside High School Columbia County 11.0%Lakeside Middle School Columbia County 17.1%Lewiston Elementary School Columbia County 13.4%Martinez Elementary School Columbia County 17.5%New School Columbia County 14.4%North Columbia Elementary School Columbia County 11.4%North Harlem Elementary School Columbia County 19.1%River Ridge Elementary Columbia County 8.3%Riverside Elementary School Columbia County 12.6%Riverside Middle School Columbia County 5.7%South Columbia Elementary School Columbia County 25.8%Stallings Island Middle School Columbia County 8.1%Stevens Creek Elementary School Columbia County 9.4%Westmont Elementary School Columbia County 16.2%Commerce Elementary School Commerce City 10.7%Commerce High School Commerce City 9.8%Commerce Middle School Commerce City 10.9%Commerce Primary Commerce City 16.3%Atlanta Heights Charter School Commission Charter School 14.0%CCAT School Commission Charter School 29.5%Coweta Charter Academy Commission Charter School 4.7%

38Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateFulton Leadership Academy Commission Charter School 8.1%Ivy Preparatory Academy School Commission Charter School 17.5%Pataula Charter Academy Commission Charter School 9.0%Cook County Middle School Cook County 16.9%Cook Elementary School Cook County 13.4%Cook High School Cook County 12.4%Cook Primary School Cook County 19.7%Arbor Springs Elementary Coweta County 10.3%Arnall Middle School Coweta County 15.4%Arnco-Sargent Elementary School Coweta County 16.6%Atkinson Elementary School Coweta County 33.2%Brooks Elementary Coweta County 8.8%Canongate Elementary School Coweta County 12.8%East Coweta High School Coweta County 10.3%East Coweta Middle School Coweta County 12.2%Eastside Elementary School Coweta County 15.6%Elm Street Elementary School Coweta County 22.4%Evans Middle School Coweta County 16.0%Glanton Elementary Coweta County 24.4%Jefferson Parkway Elementary School Coweta County 24.5%Lee Middle School Coweta County 12.0%Madras Middle School Coweta County 9.9%Moreland Elementary School Coweta County 22.0%Newnan Crossing Elementary School Coweta County 14.9%Newnan High School Coweta County 13.8%Northgate High School Coweta County 8.4%Northside Elementary School Coweta County 18.7%Poplar Road Elementary School Coweta County 14.6%Ruth Hill Elementary School Coweta County 21.2%Smokey Road Middle School Coweta County 21.2%Thomas Crossroads Elementary School Coweta County 9.7%Welch Elementary School Coweta County 18.7%Western Elementary School Coweta County 20.9%White Oak Elementary School Coweta County 13.9%Willis Road Elementary Coweta County 14.0%Crawford County Elementary School Crawford County 15.9%Crawford County High School Crawford County 13.3%Crawford County Middle School Crawford County 13.5%A. S. Clark Elementary School Crisp County 16.2%Blackshear Trail Elementary School Crisp County 20.5%Crisp County High School Crisp County 14.0%Crisp County Middle School Crisp County 13.6%J. S. Pate Elementary School Crisp County 15.1%Southwestern Elementary School Crisp County 8.4%Dade County High School Dade County 11.1%Dade Elementary School Dade County 14.2%Dade Middle School Dade County 13.3%Davis Elementary School Dade County 11.6%Blue Ridge School Dalton City 17.9%Brookwood Elementary School Dalton City 15.6%City Park School Dalton City 16.9%Dalton High School Dalton City 8.1%Dalton Middle School Dalton City 10.1%Morris Innovative High School Dalton City 47.5%Park Creek Elementary School Dalton City 18.8%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 39

School District 2012-13 Churn RateRoan Elementary School Dalton City 18.5%Westwood Elementary School Dalton City 15.7%Black's Mill Elementary School Dawson County 15.3%Dawson County High School Dawson County 9.9%Kilough Elementary School Dawson County 13.7%New Dawson County Middle School Dawson County 13.2%Riverview Elementary School Dawson County 18.8%Riverview Middle School Dawson County 11.9%Robinson Elementary School Dawson County 17.1%Clairemont Elementary School Decatur City 3.8%Decatur High School Decatur City 7.1%Fifth Avenue Elementary Decatur City 4.4%New Glennwood Elementary Decatur City 8.8%Oakhurst Elementary School Decatur City 3.2%Renfroe Middle School Decatur City 5.9%Winnona Park Elementary School Decatur City 3.6%Bainbridge High School Decatur County 13.2%Bainbridge Middle School Decatur County 10.7%Elcan-King Elementary School Decatur County 21.9%Hutto Middle School Decatur County 12.2%John Johnson Elementary School Decatur County 16.4%Jones-Wheat Elementary School Decatur County 15.7%Potter Street Elementary School Decatur County 21.9%West Bainbridge Elementary School Decatur County 21.0%Allgood Elementary School DeKalb County 32.3%Arabia Mountain High School - Academy of Engineering, Medicine and Environmental Studies DeKalb County 2.3%Ashford Park Elementary School DeKalb County 15.0%Austin Elementary School DeKalb County 6.3%Avondale Elementary School DeKalb County 41.1%Bob Mathis Elementary School DeKalb County 29.5%Briar Vista Elementary School DeKalb County 23.2%Briarlake Elementary School DeKalb County 13.5%Brockett Elementary School DeKalb County 24.8%Browns Mill Elementary School DeKalb County 24.8%Canby Lane Elementary School DeKalb County 31.1%Cary Reynolds Elementary School DeKalb County 20.6%Cedar Grove Elementary School DeKalb County 33.9%Cedar Grove High School DeKalb County 28.2%Cedar Grove Middle School DeKalb County 30.1%Chamblee Charter High School DeKalb County 10.5%Chamblee Middle School DeKalb County 8.2%Chapel Hill Elementary School DeKalb County 36.6%Chapel Hill Middle School DeKalb County 23.6%Chesnut Elementary School DeKalb County 19.7%Clarkston High School DeKalb County 39.0%Clifton Elementary School DeKalb County 32.6%Columbia Elementary School DeKalb County 30.5%Columbia High School DeKalb County 34.0%Columbia Middle School DeKalb County 35.0%Coralwood Education Center DeKalb County 2.4%Cross Keys High School DeKalb County 19.9%DeKalb Academy of Technology and the Environment Charter School DeKalb County 4.8%DeKalb Alternative School DeKalb County 756.3%DeKalb Early College Academy DeKalb County 9.9%DeKalb Elementary School of the Arts DeKalb County 3.6%

40Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateDeKalb PATH Academy Charter School DeKalb County 3.8%DeKalb Preparatory Academy Charter DeKalb County 20.3%DeKalb School of the Arts DeKalb County 2.7%Destiny Achievers Academy of Excellence DeKalb County 52.7%Dresden Elementary School DeKalb County 15.6%Druid Hills High School DeKalb County 15.7%Druid Hills Middle School DeKalb County 21.8%Dunaire Elementary School DeKalb County 66.3%Dunwoody Elementary School DeKalb County 18.1%Dunwoody High School DeKalb County 11.6%East DeKalb Special Education Center DeKalb County 250.0%Edward L. Bouie, Sr. Elementary School DeKalb County 4.0%Eldridge L. Miller Elementary School DeKalb County 36.6%Elizabeth Andrews High School DeKalb County 107.5%Evansdale Elementary School DeKalb County 11.5%Fairington Elementary School DeKalb County 61.6%Fernbank Elementary School DeKalb County 6.6%Flat Rock Elementary School DeKalb County 32.1%Flat Shoals Elementary School DeKalb County 54.4%Freedom Middle School DeKalb County 38.9%Gateway to College Academy DeKalb County 101.9%Hambrick Elementary School DeKalb County 37.1%Hawthorne Elementary School DeKalb County 13.5%Henderson Middle School DeKalb County 15.3%Henderson Mill Elementary School DeKalb County 21.0%Hightower Elementary School DeKalb County 20.6%Huntley Hills Elementary School DeKalb County 22.3%Idlewood Elementary School DeKalb County 34.7%Indian Creek Elementary School DeKalb County 30.8%International Community School DeKalb County 13.4%International Student Center DeKalb County 117.4%Jolly Elementary School DeKalb County 35.8%Kelley Lake Elementary School DeKalb County 41.4%Kingsley Elementary School DeKalb County 9.8%Kittredge Magnet School DeKalb County 1.2%Knollwood Elementary School DeKalb County 47.7%Lakeside High School DeKalb County 14.0%Laurel Ridge Elementary School DeKalb County 23.0%Leadership Preparatory Academy DeKalb County 2.3%Lithonia High School DeKalb County 39.0%Lithonia Middle School DeKalb County 38.7%Livsey Elementary School DeKalb County 11.5%Marbut Elementary School DeKalb County 4.2%Margaret Harris Comprehensive School DeKalb County 7.6%Martin Luther King, Jr. High School DeKalb County 30.2%Mary McLeod Bethune Middle School DeKalb County 45.3%McLendon Elementary School DeKalb County 36.3%McNair High School DeKalb County 35.2%McNair Middle School DeKalb County 49.8%Meadowview Elementary School DeKalb County 40.5%Midvale Elementary School DeKalb County 18.9%Midway Elementary School DeKalb County 57.9%Miller Grove High School DeKalb County 29.0%Miller Grove Middle School DeKalb County 34.1%Montclair Elementary School DeKalb County 16.6%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 41

School District 2012-13 Churn RateMontgomery Elementary School DeKalb County 7.0%Murphy Candler Elementary School DeKalb County 50.0%Museum School Avondale Estates DeKalb County 3.5%Narvie Harris Elementary School DeKalb County 2.8%Oak Grove Elementary School DeKalb County 5.5%Oakcliff Elementary School DeKalb County 1.9%Oakview Elementary DeKalb County 44.2%Panola Way Elementary School DeKalb County 62.1%Peachtree Middle School DeKalb County 11.8%Pine Ridge Elementary School DeKalb County 40.9%Pleasantdale Elementary School DeKalb County 33.5%Princeton Elementary School DeKalb County 31.8%Rainbow Elementary School DeKalb County 39.9%Redan Elementary School DeKalb County 41.0%Redan High School DeKalb County 29.8%Redan Middle School DeKalb County 35.1%Robert Shaw Theme School DeKalb County 3.8%Rock Chapel Elementary School DeKalb County 32.2%Rockbridge Elementary School DeKalb County 33.1%Ronald E McNair Discover Learning Academy Elementary School DeKalb County 30.3%Rowland Elementary School DeKalb County 48.8%Sagamore Hills Elementary School DeKalb County 11.2%Salem Middle School DeKalb County 33.4%Sequoyah Middle School DeKalb County 16.2%Shadow Rock Elementary School DeKalb County 33.0%Smoke Rise Elementary School DeKalb County 17.7%Snapfinger Elementary School DeKalb County 52.7%Southwest DeKalb High School DeKalb County 19.5%Stephenson High School DeKalb County 23.1%Stephenson Middle School DeKalb County 23.1%Stone Mill Elementary School DeKalb County 52.1%Stone Mountain Elementary School DeKalb County 57.3%Stone Mountain High School DeKalb County 33.5%Stone Mountain Middle School DeKalb County 34.9%Stoneview Elementary School DeKalb County 46.0%The Champion Middle Theme School DeKalb County 4.0%Toney Elementary School DeKalb County 57.1%Towers High School DeKalb County 35.3%Tucker High School DeKalb County 19.2%Tucker Middle School DeKalb County 22.4%UHS of Laurel Heights DeKalb County 169.4%Vanderlyn Elementary School DeKalb County 14.6%Wadsworth Magnet School for High Achievers DeKalb County 2.5%Woodridge Elementary School DeKalb County 38.5%Woodward Elementary School DeKalb County 17.2%Wynbrooke Elementary School DeKalb County 2.2%Dodge County High School Dodge County 8.6%Dodge County Middle School Dodge County 9.2%North Dodge Elementary School Dodge County 15.0%South Dodge Elementary School Dodge County 14.1%Dooly County Elementary School Dooly County 14.8%Dooly County High School Dooly County 13.0%Dooly County Middle School Dooly County 11.6%Albany High School Dougherty County 16.1%Albany Middle School Dougherty County 18.6%

42Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateAlice Coachman Elementary School Dougherty County 19.9%Dougherty Comprehensive High School Dougherty County 18.6%Dougherty County Drop Back In Academy Dougherty County 130.1%Dougherty International Education Middle School Dougherty County 19.3%International Studies Elementary Charter School Dougherty County 5.3%Jackson Heights Elementary School Dougherty County 17.0%Lake Park Elementary School Dougherty County 8.1%Lamar Reese School of the Arts Dougherty County 5.1%Lincoln Elementary Magnet School Dougherty County 5.0%Live Oak Elementary School Dougherty County 12.5%Magnolia Elementary School Dougherty County 9.9%Martin Luther King, Jr. Elementary School Dougherty County 19.1%Merry Acres Middle School Dougherty County 14.1%Monroe High School Dougherty County 11.6%Morningside Elementary School Dougherty County 16.5%Northside Elementary School Dougherty County 20.6%Radium Springs Elementary School Dougherty County 25.1%Radium Springs Middle School Dougherty County 17.5%Robert A. Cross Middle Magnet Dougherty County 5.4%Sherwood Acres Elementary School Dougherty County 15.1%Southside Middle School Dougherty County 16.8%Sylvester Road Elementary School Dougherty County 24.4%Turner Elementary School Dougherty County 18.0%West Town Elementary School Dougherty County 13.5%Westover High School Dougherty County 7.6%Alexander High School Douglas County 14.0%Annette Winn Elementary School Douglas County 38.9%Arbor Station Elementary School Douglas County 19.6%Beulah Elementary School Douglas County 23.1%Bill Arp Elementary School Douglas County 18.4%Bright Star Elementary School Douglas County 33.2%Brighten Academy Douglas County 6.9%Burnett Elementary School Douglas County 36.4%Chapel Hill Elementary School Douglas County 15.1%Chapel Hill High School Douglas County 15.9%Chapel Hill Middle School Douglas County 11.0%Chestnut Log Middle School Douglas County 29.9%Dorsett Shoals Elementary School Douglas County 16.2%Douglas County High School Douglas County 17.1%Eastside Elementary School Douglas County 32.2%Factory Shoals Elementary School Douglas County 33.8%Factory Shoals Middle School Douglas County 17.7%Fairplay Middle School Douglas County 7.7%Holly Springs Elementary Douglas County 11.5%Lithia Springs Comprehensive High School Douglas County 28.0%Lithia Springs Elementary School Douglas County 23.9%Mason Creek Elementary School Douglas County 16.3%Mason Creek Middle School Douglas County 14.2%Mirror Lake Elementary School Douglas County 14.3%Mount Carmel Elementary School Douglas County 16.9%New Manchester Elementary School Douglas County 19.8%New Manchester High School Douglas County 17.7%North Douglas Elementary School Douglas County 27.4%South Douglas Elementary School Douglas County 10.8%Stewart Middle School Douglas County 25.7%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 43

School District 2012-13 Churn RateSweetwater Elementary School Douglas County 21.5%Turner Middle School Douglas County 26.0%Winston Elementary School Douglas County 17.9%Yeager Middle School Douglas County 20.9%Youth Villages at Inner Harbour Douglas County 327.3%Community Hope Center Dublin City 626.7%Dublin City Alternative School Dublin City 84.8%Dublin High School Dublin City 16.8%Dublin Middle School Dublin City 14.9%New School Dublin City 11.1%New School Dublin City 23.3%New School Dublin City 12.2%Early County Elementary School Early County 6.4%Early County High School Early County 8.2%Early County Middle School Early County 7.5%Echols County Elementary/Middle School Echols County 20.9%Echols County High School Echols County 9.3%Blandford Elementary School Effingham County 14.2%Ebenezer Elementary School Effingham County 14.4%Ebenezer Middle School Effingham County 10.8%Effingham County High School Effingham County 14.4%Effingham County Middle School Effingham County 14.8%Guyton Elementary School Effingham County 20.9%Marlow Elementary School Effingham County 12.7%Rincon Elementary School Effingham County 17.1%Sand Hill Elementary School Effingham County 23.0%South Effingham Elementary School Effingham County 11.3%South Effingham High School Effingham County 10.3%South Effingham Middle School Effingham County 9.7%Springfield Elementary School Effingham County 19.2%Elbert County Elementary School Elbert County 11.2%Elbert County High School Elbert County 13.4%Elbert County Middle School Elbert County 9.4%Elbert County Primary School Elbert County 14.7%Elberton Education Center Elbert County 187.8%Adrian School of Performing Arts Emanuel County 21.3%Emanuel County Institute Emanuel County 8.9%Swainsboro Elementary School Emanuel County 12.9%Swainsboro High School Emanuel County 13.6%Swainsboro Middle School Emanuel County 19.4%Swainsboro Primary School Emanuel County 14.3%Twin City Elementary School Emanuel County 11.6%Claxton Elementary School Evans County 11.2%Claxton High School Evans County 11.7%Claxton Middle School Evans County 14.2%Blue Ridge Elementary School Fannin County 19.3%East Fannin Elementary School Fannin County 15.4%Fannin County High School Fannin County 13.5%Fannin County Middle School Fannin County 7.8%West Fannin Elementary School Fannin County 12.5%Bennett's Mill Middle School Fayette County 9.0%Booth Middle School Fayette County 8.8%Braelinn Elementary School Fayette County 6.3%Brooks Elementary School Fayette County 10.4%Cleveland Elementary School Fayette County 10.1%

44Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateCrabapple Lane Elementary School Fayette County 10.1%Fayette County High School Fayette County 14.1%Fayette Middle School Fayette County 14.1%Fayetteville Intermediate School Fayette County 13.2%Flat Rock Middle School Fayette County 11.6%Hood Avenue Primary School Fayette County 18.9%Huddleston Elementary School Fayette County 6.9%Inman Elementary Fayette County 16.9%Kedron Elementary School Fayette County 11.8%McIntosh High School Fayette County 6.9%North Fayette Elementary School Fayette County 20.4%Oak Grove Elementary School Fayette County 16.1%Peachtree City Elementary School Fayette County 10.6%Peeples Elementary School Fayette County 4.4%Rising Starr Middle School Fayette County 7.8%Robert J. Burch Elementary School Fayette County 21.6%Sandy Creek High School Fayette County 13.4%Sara Harp Minter Elementary School Fayette County 13.1%Spring Hill Elementary School Fayette County 12.3%Starrs Mill High School Fayette County 5.1%Tyrone Elementary School Fayette County 8.1%Whitewater High School Fayette County 5.6%Whitewater Middle School Fayette County 8.4%Alto Park Elementary School Floyd County 21.0%Armuchee Elementary School Floyd County 12.7%Armuchee High School Floyd County 8.2%Armuchee Middle School Floyd County 8.5%Cave Spring Elementary School Floyd County 19.9%Coosa High School Floyd County 16.2%Coosa Middle School Floyd County 16.5%Garden Lakes Elementary School Floyd County 15.7%Glenwood Primary School Floyd County 19.5%Johnson Elementary Floyd County 13.3%McHenry Primary Floyd County 24.5%Midway Primary Floyd County 27.5%Model Elementary School Floyd County 18.6%Model High Floyd County 8.8%Model Middle School Floyd County 12.3%Pepperell Elementary Floyd County 13.5%Pepperell High School Floyd County 13.3%Pepperell Middle School Floyd County 16.2%Pepperell Primary Floyd County 25.3%Big Creek Elementary School Forsyth County 8.9%Brookwood Elementary Forsyth County 8.0%Chattahoochee Elementary School Forsyth County 12.7%Chestatee Elementary Forsyth County 15.2%Coal Mountain Elementary School Forsyth County 8.6%Cumming Elementary School Forsyth County 12.7%Daves Creek Elementary School Forsyth County 9.1%Forsyth Academy Forsyth County 56.6%Forsyth Central High School Forsyth County 13.6%George W. Whitlow Elementary Forsyth County 12.1%Haw Creek Elementary Forsyth County 5.6%i-Achieve Academy Forsyth County 54.5%Johns Creek Elementary Forsyth County 7.7%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 45

School District 2012-13 Churn RateKelly Mill Elementary Forsyth County 8.0%Lakeside Middle School Forsyth County 5.3%Lambert High School Forsyth County 3.5%Liberty Middle School Forsyth County 7.2%Little Mill Middle School Forsyth County 9.9%Mashburn Elementary School Forsyth County 10.8%Matt Elementary School Forsyth County 8.9%Midway Elementary School Forsyth County 14.0%North Forsyth High School Forsyth County 8.7%North Forsyth Middle School Forsyth County 7.9%Otwell Middle School Forsyth County 10.3%Piney Grove Middle School Forsyth County 5.3%Riverwatch Middle School Forsyth County 5.6%Sawnee Elementary School Forsyth County 9.0%Settles Bridge Elementary School Forsyth County 11.1%Sharon Elementary School Forsyth County 6.0%Shiloh Point Elementary Forsyth County 9.5%Silver City Elementary School Forsyth County 10.1%South Forsyth High School Forsyth County 4.7%South Forsyth Middle School Forsyth County 5.5%Vickery Creek Elementary School Forsyth County 5.1%Vickery Creek Middle School Forsyth County 5.2%West Forsyth High School Forsyth County 7.1%Carnesville Elementary School Franklin County 9.2%Central Franklin Elementary School Franklin County 19.0%Franklin County High School Franklin County 11.6%Franklin County Middle School Franklin County 10.9%Lavonia Elementary School Franklin County 19.3%Royston Elementary School Franklin County 17.3%Abbotts Hill Elementary School Fulton County 17.0%Alpharetta Elementary School Fulton County 13.6%Alpharetta High School Fulton County 8.0%Amana Academy School Fulton County 6.0%Autrey Mill Middle School Fulton County 4.5%Banneker High School Fulton County 46.9%Barnwell Elementary School Fulton County 8.9%Bear Creek Middle School Fulton County 27.1%Bethune Elementary School Fulton County 35.1%Birmingham Falls Elementary School Fulton County 9.1%Brookview Elementary School Fulton County 69.1%Cambridge High School Fulton County 10.4%Camp Creek Middle School Fulton County 48.4%Campbell Elementary School Fulton County 28.1%Centennial High School Fulton County 12.2%Chattahoochee High School Fulton County 7.7%Cliftondale Elementary School Fulton County 17.7%Cogburn Woods Elementary School Fulton County 8.5%Conley Hills Elementary School Fulton County 30.4%Crabapple Crossing Elementary School Fulton County 4.4%Crabapple Middle School Fulton County 8.3%Creek View Elementary School Fulton County 13.7%Creekside High School Fulton County 31.6%Dolvin Elementary School Fulton County 9.2%Dunwoody Springs Elementary School Fulton County 28.5%E. C. West Elementary School Fulton County 23.0%

46Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateElkins Pointe Middle School Fulton County 12.7%Feldwood Elementary School Fulton County 36.9%Findley Oaks Elementary School Fulton County 9.8%Fulton Science Academy High School Fulton County 18.5%Fulton Sunshine Charter Elementary Fulton County 7.8%Georgia Baptist Children's Home and Family Ministries Fulton County 188.2%Gullatt Elementary School Fulton County 49.8%Hamilton E. Holmes Elementary Fulton County 34.0%Hapeville Charter Career Academy Fulton County 11.3%Hapeville Charter Middle School Fulton County 7.8%Hapeville Elementary School Fulton County 23.0%Haynes Bridge Middle School Fulton County 10.3%Heards Ferry Elementary School Fulton County 5.8%Hembree Springs Elementary School Fulton County 13.7%Heritage Elementary School Fulton County 62.7%High Point Elementary School Fulton County 18.3%Hillside Elementary School Fulton County 19.3%Holcomb Bridge Middle School Fulton County 21.4%Hopewell Middle School Fulton County 9.1%Independence Alternative School Fulton County 116.8%Ison Springs Elementary School Fulton County 25.1%Jackson Elementary School Fulton County 20.1%Johns Creek High School Fulton County 5.6%KIPP South Fulton Academy School Fulton County 7.2%Lake Forest Elementary Fulton County 11.2%Lake Windward Elementary School Fulton County 11.0%Langston Hughes High School Fulton County 26.8%Lee Elementary School Fulton County 25.6%Liberty Point Elementary School Fulton County 28.7%Main Street Charter Academy Elementary Fulton County 8.3%Main Street Charter Academy Middle Fulton County 16.8%Manning Oaks Elementary School Fulton County 21.4%McClarin Alternative School Fulton County 102.2%McNair Middle School Fulton County 38.0%Medlock Bridge Elementary School Fulton County 15.6%Milton High School Fulton County 7.3%Mimosa Elementary School Fulton County 16.6%Mount Olive Elementary School Fulton County 48.9%Mountain Park Elementary School Fulton County 7.4%New Prospect Elementary School Fulton County 12.7%Nolan Elementary School Fulton County 31.6%North Springs High School Fulton County 22.7%Northview High School Fulton County 5.7%Northwestern Middle School Fulton County 6.9%Northwood Elementary School Fulton County 11.1%Oak Knoll Elementary School Fulton County 33.3%Oakley Elementary School Fulton County 30.2%Ocee Elementary School Fulton County 11.5%Palmetto Elementary School Fulton County 26.6%Parklane Elementary School Fulton County 39.3%Paul D. West Middle School Fulton County 24.9%Randolph Elementary School Fulton County 28.4%Renaissance ES Fulton County 22.2%Renaissance Middle School Fulton County 31.0%Ridgeview Charter School Fulton County 12.3%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 47

School District 2012-13 Churn RateRiver Eves Elementary School Fulton County 20.0%River Trail Middle School Fulton County 6.1%Riverwood International Charter School Fulton County 11.0%Roswell High School Fulton County 9.1%Roswell North Elementary School Fulton County 8.9%S. L. Lewis Elementary School Fulton County 39.1%Sandtown Middle School Fulton County 21.7%Sandy Springs Middle School Fulton County 21.9%Shakerag Elementary School Fulton County 10.6%Spalding Drive Elementary Fulton County 12.5%State Bridge Crossing Elementary School Fulton County 6.2%Stonewall Tell Elementary School Fulton County 17.3%Summit Hill Elementary Fulton County 6.9%Sweet Apple Elementary School Fulton County 5.3%Taylor Road Middle School Fulton County 7.3%Tri-Cities High School Fulton County 26.4%Tubman Elementary School Fulton County 46.7%Webb Bridge Middle School Fulton County 5.8%Westlake High School Fulton County 26.1%Wilson Creek Elementary School Fulton County 13.5%Woodland Elementary School Fulton County 33.2%Woodland Middle School Fulton County 41.4%Centennial Arts Academy Gainesville City 12.0%Enota Multiple Intelligences Academy Gainesville City 13.4%Fair Street International Baccalaureate World School Gainesville City 8.1%Gainesville Exploration Academy Gainesville City 19.9%Gainesville High School Gainesville City 14.0%Gainesville Middle School Gainesville City 14.1%New Holland Core Knowledge Academy Gainesville City 18.7%Wood's Mill Academy Gainesville City 120.7%Clear Creek Middle School Gilmer County 10.3%Ellijay Elementary School Gilmer County 15.7%Ellijay Primary School Gilmer County 16.5%Gilmer High School Gilmer County 10.9%Gilmer Middle school Gilmer County 11.1%Mountain View Elementary Gilmer County 20.5%Glascock County Consolidated School Glascock County 12.3%Altama Elementary School Glynn County 35.1%Brunswick High School Glynn County 15.2%Burroughs-Molette Elementary School Glynn County 29.7%Glyndale Elementary School Glynn County 29.6%Glynn Academy Glynn County 16.8%Glynn Middle Glynn County 15.8%Golden Isles Elementary School Glynn County 23.6%Goodyear Elementary School Glynn County 28.8%Greer Elementary School Glynn County 22.7%Jane Macon Middle Glynn County 21.2%Morningstar Treatment Services, Inc. Youth Estate Glynn County 92.7%Needwood Middle School Glynn County 24.1%Oglethorpe Point Elementary School Glynn County 18.6%Risley Middle School Glynn County 23.4%Satilla Marsh Elementary School Glynn County 18.4%St. Simons Elementary School Glynn County 23.9%Sterling Elementary School Glynn County 23.9%Ashworth Middle School Gordon County 16.1%

48Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateBelwood Elementary School Gordon County 26.5%Fairmount Elementary School Gordon County 22.2%Gordon Central High School Gordon County 16.2%Red Bud Elementary School Gordon County 25.3%Sonoraville East Middle School Gordon County 14.5%Sonoraville Elementary Gordon County 16.0%Sonoraville High School Gordon County 12.5%Swain Elementary School Gordon County 22.5%Tolbert Elementary School Gordon County 30.0%Cairo High School Grady County 12.6%Eastside Elementary School Grady County 23.5%Northside Elementary School Grady County 31.3%Shiver Elementary School Grady County 16.0%Southside Elementary School Grady County 18.2%Washington Middle School Grady County 15.6%Whigham Elementary School Grady County 17.0%Anita White Carson Middle School Greene County 10.6%Greene County High School Greene County 13.1%Greensboro Elementary Greene County 14.7%Lake Oconee Charter Greene County 2.0%Union Point Elementary Greene County 9.8%Alcova Elementary School Gwinnett County 12.5%Alton C. Crews Middle School Gwinnett County 5.0%Anderson-Livsey Elementary School Gwinnett County 23.6%Annistown Elementary School Gwinnett County 20.1%Arcado Elementary School Gwinnett County 10.0%Archer High School Gwinnett County 10.6%Bay Creek Middle School Gwinnett County 9.9%Beaver Ridge Elementary School Gwinnett County 30.2%Benefield Elementary School Gwinnett County 22.5%Berkeley Lake Elementary School Gwinnett County 18.2%Berkmar High School Gwinnett County 23.6%Berkmar Middle School Gwinnett County 24.2%Bethesda Elementary School Gwinnett County 19.1%Britt Elementary School Gwinnett County 20.8%Brookwood Elementary School Gwinnett County 6.9%Brookwood High School Gwinnett County 7.2%Burnette Elementary School Gwinnett County 14.6%Camp Creek Elementary School Gwinnett County 8.6%Cedar Hill Elementary School Gwinnett County 22.7%Centerville Elementary School Gwinnett County 22.8%Central Gwinnett High School Gwinnett County 19.5%Charles Brant Chesney Elementary School Gwinnett County 22.4%Chattahoochee Elementary School Gwinnett County 19.0%Collins Hill High School Gwinnett County 11.5%Corley Elementary School Gwinnett County 26.3%Couch Middle School Gwinnett County 9.5%Craig Elementary School Gwinnett County 10.3%Creekland Middle School Gwinnett County 11.7%Dacula Elementary School Gwinnett County 12.9%Dacula High School Gwinnett County 12.9%Dacula Middle School Gwinnett County 12.0%Duluth High School Gwinnett County 16.7%Duluth Middle School Gwinnett County 17.1%Duncan Creek Elementary Gwinnett County 9.3%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 49

School District 2012-13 Churn RateDyer Elementary School Gwinnett County 12.3%Ferguson Elementary School Gwinnett County 29.3%Five Forks Middle School Gwinnett County 9.4%Fort Daniel Elementary School Gwinnett County 8.3%Frank N. Osborne Middle School Gwinnett County 6.2%Freeman's Mill Elementary School Gwinnett County 8.5%Glenn C. Jones Middle School Gwinnett County 10.1%Grace Snell Middle School Gwinnett County 13.1%Grayson Elementary School Gwinnett County 7.5%Grayson High School Gwinnett County 11.9%Gwin Oaks Elementary School Gwinnett County 11.2%Gwinnett InterVention Education (GIVE) Center East Gwinnett County 305.3%Gwinnett InterVention Education (GIVE) Center West Gwinnett County 279.5%Gwinnett Online Campus Gwinnett County 96.6%Gwinnett School of Mathematics, Science and Technology Gwinnett County 10.2%Harbins Elementary School Gwinnett County 7.8%Harmony Elementary School Gwinnett County 9.5%Harris Elementary School Gwinnett County 16.5%Head Elementary School Gwinnett County 9.8%Hopkins Elementary School Gwinnett County 24.8%Hull Middle School Gwinnett County 9.3%Ivy Creek Elementary School Gwinnett County 11.2%J. A. Alford Elementary Gwinnett County 17.2%Jackson Elementary School Gwinnett County 12.4%Jenkins Elementary School Gwinnett County 20.9%Kanoheda Elementary School Gwinnett County 26.4%Knight Elementary School Gwinnett County 18.0%Lanier High School Gwinnett County 14.2%Lanier Middle School Gwinnett County 11.0%Lawrenceville Elementary School Gwinnett County 36.9%Level Creek Elementary School Gwinnett County 5.6%Lilburn Elementary School Gwinnett County 27.2%Lilburn Middle School Gwinnett County 26.2%Louise Radloff Middle School Gwinnett County 25.4%Lovin Elementary School Gwinnett County 15.4%M. H. Mason Elementary School Gwinnett County 17.1%Magill Elementary School Gwinnett County 13.5%Margaret Winn Holt Elementary School Gwinnett County 21.0%McConnell Middle School Gwinnett County 9.4%McKendree Elementary School Gwinnett County 18.5%Meadowcreek Elementary School Gwinnett County 29.0%Meadowcreek High School Gwinnett County 29.5%Mill Creek High School Gwinnett County 10.7%Minor Elementary School Gwinnett County 23.4%Moore Middle School Gwinnett County 20.6%Mountain Park Elementary School Gwinnett County 14.6%Mountain View High School Gwinnett County 9.9%Mulberry Elementary School Gwinnett County 9.5%Nesbit Elementary School Gwinnett County 27.1%New Life Academy of Excellence Gwinnett County 4.7%New Life Academy of Excellence Duluth Gwinnett County 2.9%Norcross Elementary School Gwinnett County 24.0%Norcross High School Gwinnett County 17.1%North Gwinnett High School Gwinnett County 5.9%North Gwinnett Middle School Gwinnett County 4.9%

50Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateNorton Elementary School Gwinnett County 23.2%Oakland Meadow School Gwinnett County 11.1%Parkview High School Gwinnett County 10.0%Parsons Elementary School Gwinnett County 11.0%Partee Elementary School Gwinnett County 16.7%Patrick Elementary School Gwinnett County 14.9%Peachtree Elementary School Gwinnett County 26.8%Peachtree Ridge High School Gwinnett County 9.8%Pharr Elementary School Gwinnett County 11.7%Phoenix High School Gwinnett County 125.9%Pinckneyville Middle School Gwinnett County 21.4%Puckett's Mill Elementary School Gwinnett County 5.9%Richards Middle School Gwinnett County 21.0%Riverside Elementary School Gwinnett County 5.7%Roberts Elementary School Gwinnett County 9.5%Rock Springs Elementary School Gwinnett County 12.6%Rockbridge Elementary School Gwinnett County 37.1%Rosebud Elementary School Gwinnett County 16.1%Shiloh Elementary School Gwinnett County 21.6%Shiloh High School Gwinnett County 21.8%Shiloh Middle School Gwinnett County 19.2%Simonton Elementary School Gwinnett County 20.5%Simpson Elementary School Gwinnett County 3.5%Snellville Middle School Gwinnett County 19.0%South Gwinnett High School Gwinnett County 18.5%Starling Elementary School Gwinnett County 10.6%Sugar Hill Elementary School Gwinnett County 11.9%Summerour Middle School Gwinnett County 24.9%Susan Stripling Elementary School Gwinnett County 24.9%Suwanee Elementary School Gwinnett County 7.2%Sweetwater Middle School Gwinnett County 19.3%Sycamore Elementary School Gwinnett County 15.2%Taylor Elementary School Gwinnett County 13.9%Trickum Middle School Gwinnett County 10.1%Trip Elementary School Gwinnett County 13.6%Twin Rivers Middle School Gwinnett County 11.0%W. J. Cooper Elementary School Gwinnett County 8.0%Walnut Grove Elementary School Gwinnett County 12.7%White Oak Elementary School Gwinnett County 10.8%Woodward Mill Elementary School Gwinnett County 19.5%9th Grade Academy Habersham County 15.0%Baldwin Elementary School Habersham County 24.3%Clarkesville Elementary School Habersham County 17.6%Cornelia Elementary School Habersham County 19.2%Demorest Elementary School Habersham County 14.3%Fairview Elementary School Habersham County 18.4%Habersham Central High School Habersham County 10.5%Hazel Grove Elementary School Habersham County 10.1%Level Grove Elementary School Habersham County 18.2%New School Habersham County 11.9%North Habersham Middle School Habersham County 9.9%South Habersham Middle School Habersham County 18.4%Woodville Elementary School Habersham County 10.3%C. W. Davis Middle School Hall County 10.5%Chestatee High School Hall County 12.5%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 51

School District 2012-13 Churn RateChestatee Middle School Hall County 12.4%Chestnut Mountain Elementary School Hall County 10.3%Chicopee Elementary School Hall County 30.0%East Hall High School Hall County 11.2%East Hall Middle School Hall County 15.8%Flowery Branch Elementary School Hall County 16.9%Flowery Branch High Hall County 9.1%Friendship Elementary School Hall County 15.0%Johnson High School Hall County 12.2%Lanier Career Academy Hall County 164.0%Lanier Elementary School Hall County 11.6%Lula Elementary School Hall County 17.8%Lyman Hall Elementary School Hall County 15.7%Martin Elementary School Hall County 14.5%McEver Elementary School Hall County 16.0%Mount Vernon Elementary School Hall County 12.1%Myers Elementary School Hall County 20.4%North Hall High School Hall County 8.2%North Hall Middle School Hall County 10.9%Oakwood Elementary School Hall County 20.7%Riverbend Elementary School Hall County 15.0%Sardis Elementary School Hall County 14.5%South Hall Middle School Hall County 11.7%Spout Springs Elementary School Hall County 7.2%Sugar Hill Elementary Hall County 12.2%Tadmore Elementary School Hall County 18.9%Wauka Mountain Elementary School Hall County 15.5%West Hall High School Hall County 9.4%West Hall Middle School Hall County 15.9%White Sulphur Elementary School Hall County 30.3%World Language Academy Hall County 5.5%Hancock Central High School Hancock County 3.3%Hancock Central Middle School Hancock County 9.3%Lewis Elementary School Hancock County 9.6%Buchanan Elementary School Haralson County 21.6%Buchanan Primary School Haralson County 29.2%Haralson County High School Haralson County 21.1%Haralson County Middle School Haralson County 15.5%Tallapoosa Primary School Haralson County 26.0%West Haralson Elementary School Haralson County 19.1%Creekside School Harris County 6.6%Harris County Carver Middle School Harris County 8.7%Harris County High School Harris County 6.3%Mulberry Creek Elementary School Harris County 10.6%New Mountain Hill Elementary School Harris County 14.6%Park Elementary School Harris County 11.0%Pine Ridge Elementary School Harris County 8.4%Hart County Academy Hart County 238.5%Hart County High School Hart County 12.5%Hart County Middle School Hart County 12.0%Hartwell Elementary School Hart County 14.3%North Hart Elementary School Hart County 11.3%South Hart Elementary School Hart County 12.8%Centralhatchee Elementary School Heard County 20.7%Ephesus Elementary School Heard County 13.8%

52Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateHeard County Middle School Heard County 19.4%Heard Elementary School Heard County 25.6%New Heard County High School Heard County 11.8%Austin Road Elementary School Henry County 21.8%Austin Road Middle School Henry County 17.3%Bethlehem Elementary School Henry County 9.6%Cotton Indian Elementary School Henry County 18.6%Dutchtown Elementary School Henry County 18.7%Dutchtown High Henry County 16.7%Dutchtown Middle School Henry County 15.2%Eagle's Landing High School Henry County 26.1%Eagle's Landing Middle School Henry County 27.3%East Lake Elementary Henry County 8.6%Fairview Elementary School Henry County 18.4%Flippen Elementary School Henry County 16.7%Hampton Elementary School Henry County 28.9%Hampton Middle School Henry County 19.7%Henry County High School Henry County 32.1%Henry County Middle School Henry County 35.0%Hickory Flat Elementary School Henry County 30.2%Locust Grove Elementary School Henry County 22.8%Locust Grove High Henry County 14.0%Locust Grove Middle Henry County 15.5%Luella Elementary School Henry County 11.4%Luella High School Henry County 16.4%Luella Middle School Henry County 14.8%McDonough Elementary School Henry County 33.2%Mount Carmel Elementary School Henry County 18.2%New Hope Elementary Henry County 6.9%Oakland Elementary School Henry County 38.4%Ola Elementary School Henry County 9.2%Ola High School Henry County 11.0%Ola Middle School Henry County 10.4%Pate's Creek Elementary School Henry County 14.7%Patrick Henry High School Henry County 298.3%Pleasant Grove Elementary School Henry County 22.8%Red Oak Elementary School Henry County 16.0%Rock Spring Elementary Henry County 11.9%Rocky Creek Elementary Henry County 14.5%Smith-Barnes Elementary School Henry County 33.2%Stockbridge Elementary School Henry County 35.0%Stockbridge High School Henry County 28.6%Stockbridge Middle School Henry County 26.0%Timber Ridge Elementary School Henry County 8.9%Tussahaw Elementary Henry County 24.7%Union Grove High Henry County 10.8%Union Grove Middle Henry County 10.1%Unity Grove Elementary School Henry County 12.3%Walnut Creek Elementary Henry County 30.0%Wesley Lakes Elementary School Henry County 34.0%Woodland Elementary School Henry County 14.7%Woodland High School Henry County 15.6%Woodland Middle School Henry County 15.8%Bonaire Elementary School Houston County 9.4%Bonaire Middle School Houston County 16.0%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 53

School District 2012-13 Churn RateCenterville Elementary School Houston County 20.7%David A. Perdue Primary Houston County 17.0%Eagle Springs Elementary Houston County 21.5%Feagin Mill Middle School Houston County 12.7%Hilltop Elementary School Houston County 17.8%Houston County Career Academy Houston County 53.3%Houston County High School Houston County 8.1%Huntington Middle School Houston County 26.3%Kings Chapel Elementary School Houston County 15.8%Lake Joy Elementary School Houston County 8.0%Lake Joy Primary School Houston County 13.1%Lindsey Elementary School Houston County 37.1%Linwood Elementary School Houston County 35.8%Matthew Arthur Elementary School Houston County 14.3%Miller Elementary School Houston County 29.3%Morningside Elementary School Houston County 18.4%Mossy Creek Middle School Houston County 12.7%Northside Elementary School Houston County 21.2%Northside High School Houston County 19.0%Northside Middle School Houston County 27.8%Parkwood Elementary School Houston County 29.3%Pearl Stephens Elementary School Houston County 30.6%Perdue Elementary School Houston County 12.1%Perry High School Houston County 16.5%Perry Middle School Houston County 14.5%Perry Primary School Houston County 16.3%Quail Run Elementary School Houston County 14.5%Russell Elementary School Houston County 24.6%Shirley Hills Elementary School Houston County 21.9%Thomson Middle School Houston County 27.6%Tucker Elementary School Houston County 16.6%Veterans High School Houston County 7.5%Warner Robins High School Houston County 17.3%Warner Robins Middle School Houston County 20.7%Westside Elementary School Houston County 36.1%Irwin County Elementary School Irwin County 13.5%Irwin County High School Irwin County 10.0%Irwin County Middle School Irwin County 12.7%Benton Elementary School Jackson County 22.4%East Jackson Comprehensive High School Jackson County 12.7%East Jackson Elementary School Jackson County 21.6%East Jackson Middle School Jackson County 18.1%Gum Springs Elementary School Jackson County 8.4%Jackson County High School Jackson County 11.0%Kings Bridge Middle School Jackson County 20.9%Maysville Elementary School Jackson County 25.2%North Jackson Elementary School Jackson County 27.3%South Jackson Elementary School Jackson County 18.4%West Jackson Intermediate School Jackson County 11.7%West Jackson Middle School Jackson County 9.6%West Jackson Primary Jackson County 19.0%Jasper County High School Jasper County 16.0%Jasper County Middle School Jasper County 15.0%Jasper County Primary School Jasper County 17.4%Washington Park Elementary School Jasper County 17.0%

54Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateJeff Davis Elementary School Jeff Davis County 13.6%Jeff Davis High School Jeff Davis County 11.4%Jeff Davis Middle School Jeff Davis County 10.3%Jeff Davis Primary School Jeff Davis County 15.3%Jefferson Academy Jefferson City 7.6%Jefferson Elementary School Jefferson City 8.2%Jefferson High School Jefferson City 8.9%Jefferson Middle School Jefferson City 7.0%Carver Elementary School Jefferson County 11.2%Jefferson County High School Jefferson County 8.4%Louisville Academy Jefferson County 10.4%Louisville Middle School Jefferson County 10.9%Wrens Elementary School Jefferson County 18.0%Wrens Middle School Jefferson County 13.4%Jenkins County Elementary School Jenkins County 19.1%Jenkins County High School Jenkins County 11.4%Jenkins County Middle School Jenkins County 11.8%Johnson County Elementary School Johnson County 12.2%Johnson County High School Johnson County 12.7%Johnson County Middle School Johnson County 14.6%Clifton Ridge Middle School Jones County 10.1%Dames Ferry Elementary School Jones County 11.3%Gray Elementary School Jones County 7.5%Gray Station Middle School Jones County 5.9%Jones County High School Jones County 10.9%Maggie Califf Learning Complex Jones County 7.2%Mattie Wells Elementary School Jones County 20.8%Turner Woods Elementary School Jones County 10.8%Lamar County Comprehensive High School Lamar County 13.1%Lamar County Elementary School Lamar County 12.0%Lamar County Middle School Lamar County 15.7%Lamar County Primary School Lamar County 14.6%Lanier County Elementary School Lanier County 23.5%Lanier County High School Lanier County 17.7%Lanier County Middle School Lanier County 21.3%Lanier County Primary School Lanier County 30.6%East Laurens Elementary School Laurens County 14.4%East Laurens High School Laurens County 13.9%East Laurens Middle School Laurens County 19.7%East Laurens Primary School Laurens County 16.1%Northwest Laurens Elementary Laurens County 7.4%Southwest Laurens Elementary Laurens County 12.7%West Laurens High School Laurens County 9.4%West Laurens Middle School Laurens County 8.9%Kinchafoonee Primary School Lee County 9.0%Lee County Elementary School Lee County 10.3%Lee County High School Lee County 11.9%Lee County Middle School Lee County 10.6%Lee County Primary School Lee County 14.1%Lee High School 9th Grade Campus Lee County 11.7%Twin Oaks Elementary Lee County 10.0%Bradwell Institute Liberty County 21.2%Button Gwinnett Elementary School Liberty County 39.2%Frank Long Elementary School Liberty County 34.6%Jordye Bacon Elementary School Liberty County 34.6%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 55

School District 2012-13 Churn RateJoseph Martin Elementary School Liberty County 26.7%Lewis Frasier Middle School Liberty County 27.2%Liberty County High School Liberty County 22.6%Liberty Elementary School Liberty County 30.9%Lyman Hall Elementary School Liberty County 29.9%Midway Middle School Liberty County 32.2%Snelson-Golden Middle School Liberty County 32.4%Taylors Creek Elementary School Liberty County 32.7%Waldo Pafford Elementary School Liberty County 37.2%Lincoln County Elementary School Lincoln County 8.7%Lincoln County High School Lincoln County 5.4%Lincoln County Middle School Lincoln County 8.1%Long County High School Long County 20.3%Smiley Elementary School Long County 31.5%Walker Middle School Long County 25.1%Clyattville Elementary School Lowndes County 26.5%Dewar Elementary Lowndes County 25.7%Hahira Elementary School Lowndes County 18.4%Hahira Middle School Lowndes County 13.6%Lake Park Elementary School Lowndes County 22.8%Lowndes High School Lowndes County 10.9%Lowndes Middle School Lowndes County 18.8%Moulton-Branch Elementary School Lowndes County 21.0%Pine Grove Elementary School Lowndes County 25.9%Pine Grove Middle School Lowndes County 15.5%Westside Elementary School Lowndes County 15.1%Blackburn Elementary School Lumpkin County 22.7%Long Branch Elementary School Lumpkin County 22.2%Lumpkin County Elementary School Lumpkin County 20.2%Lumpkin County High School Lumpkin County 15.8%Lumpkin County Middle School Lumpkin County 15.2%Macon County Elementary School Macon County 13.2%Macon County High School Macon County 13.5%Macon County Middle School Macon County 12.4%Colbert Elementary School Madison County 18.2%Comer Elementary School Madison County 12.7%Danielsville Elementary School Madison County 17.7%Hull-Sanford Elementary School Madison County 18.4%Ila Elementary School Madison County 16.2%Madison County High School Madison County 13.3%Madison County Middle School Madison County 9.1%Burruss Elementary School Marietta City 32.3%Dunleith Elementary School Marietta City 29.9%George W. Hartmann Center Marietta City 177.8%Hickory Hills Elementary School Marietta City 36.6%Lockheed Elementary School Marietta City 39.7%Marietta 6th Grade School Marietta City 21.1%Marietta Center for Advanced Academics Marietta City 4.6%Marietta High School Marietta City 22.4%Marietta Middle School Marietta City 25.6%Nelson L. Price Treatment Center of GBCH & FM, Inc. Marietta City 116.7%Park Street Elementary School Marietta City 31.7%Sawyer Road Elementary Marietta City 23.6%West Side Elementary School Marietta City 11.6%L. K. Moss Elementary School Marion County 19.0%

56Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateMarion County Middle/High School Marion County 11.5%Dearing Elementary School McDuffie County 13.2%Maxwell Elementary School McDuffie County 11.9%Norris Elementary School McDuffie County 9.8%Thomson Elementary School McDuffie County 11.1%Thomson High School McDuffie County 9.4%Thomson-McDuffie Middle School McDuffie County 13.4%McIntosh County Academy McIntosh County 9.0%McIntosh County Middle School McIntosh County 15.1%Oak Grove Intermediate School McIntosh County 15.5%Todd Grant Elementary School McIntosh County 16.4%George E. Washington Elementary School Meriwether County 26.3%Good Shepherd Therapeutic Center Meriwether County 66.7%Greenville High School Meriwether County 14.9%Greenville Middle School Meriwether County 15.0%Manchester High School Meriwether County 9.1%Manchester Middle School Meriwether County 12.5%Mountain View Elementary School Meriwether County 12.0%Unity Elementary School Meriwether County 23.6%Miller County Elementary School Miller County 16.9%Miller County High School Miller County 12.8%Miller County Middle School Miller County 18.8%Baconton Community Charter School Mitchell County 6.0%Mitchell County High School Mitchell County 11.9%Mitchell County Middle School Mitchell County 15.8%North Mitchell County Elementary School Mitchell County 18.4%South Mitchell County Elementary School Mitchell County 14.0%Katherine B. Sutton Elementary School Monroe County 25.8%Mary Persons High School Monroe County 12.5%Monroe County Middle School, Banks Stephens Campus Monroe County 11.1%Samuel E. Hubbard Elementary School Monroe County 17.8%T.G. Scott Elementary School Monroe County 12.4%Montgomery Co. High Montgomery County 20.6%Montgomery County Middle School Montgomery County 23.9%New Montgomery County Elementary School Montgomery County 26.6%Morgan County Elementary School Morgan County 8.7%Morgan County High School Morgan County 10.4%Morgan County Middle School Morgan County 10.3%Morgan County Primary School Morgan County 10.2%Chatsworth Elementary School Murray County 21.9%Coker Elementary School Murray County 23.5%Eton Elementary School Murray County 21.9%Gladden Middle School Murray County 15.0%Mountain Creek Academy School Murray County 136.1%Murray County High School Murray County 16.4%New Bagley Middle School Murray County 14.0%North Murray High School Murray County 11.9%Northwest Elementary School Murray County 16.5%Spring Place Elementary School Murray County 28.8%Woodlawn Elementary School Murray County 17.2%Allen Elementary School Muscogee County 28.9%Arnold Middle School Muscogee County 18.5%Baker Middle School Muscogee County 46.8%Blackmon Road Middle School Muscogee County 14.4%Blanchard Elementary School Muscogee County 15.5%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 57

School District 2012-13 Churn RateBrewer Elementary School Muscogee County 36.9%Britt David Elementary Computer Magnet Academy Muscogee County 2.8%Carver High School Muscogee County 21.8%Clubview Elementary School Muscogee County 15.7%Columbus High School Muscogee County 1.7%Cusseta Road Elementary School Muscogee County 62.3%Davis Elementary School Muscogee County 33.2%Dawson Elementary School Muscogee County 26.2%Dimon Elementary Muscogee County 21.8%Double Churches Elementary School Muscogee County 25.1%Double Churches Middle School Muscogee County 35.3%Downtown Elementary Magnet Academy Muscogee County 22.6%Eagle Ridge Academy Muscogee County 14.5%Early College Academy of Columbus at Waverly Terrace Muscogee County 9.5%East Columbus Magnet Academy Muscogee County 21.6%Eddy Middle School Muscogee County 42.7%Edgewood Elementary School Muscogee County 31.2%Forrest Road Elementary School Muscogee County 28.4%Fort Middle School Muscogee County 18.7%Fox Elementary School Muscogee County 52.1%Gentian Elementary School Muscogee County 17.9%Georgetown Elementary School Muscogee County 29.6%Hannan Elementary Muscogee County 26.8%Hardaway High School Muscogee County 14.2%Johnson Elementary School Muscogee County 22.5%Jordan Vocational High School Muscogee County 34.0%Kendrick High School Muscogee County 27.4%Key Elementary School Muscogee County 25.6%Lonnie Jackson Academy Muscogee County 27.3%Marshall Middle School Muscogee County 37.7%Martin Luther King, Jr. Elementary School Muscogee County 34.7%Mathews Elementary School Muscogee County 13.6%Midland Academy Muscogee County 17.7%Midland Middle School Muscogee County 16.8%Muscogee Elementary School Muscogee County 43.8%North Columbus Elementary Muscogee County 18.9%Northside High School Muscogee County 11.4%Reese Road Leadership Academy Muscogee County 13.9%Richards Middle School Muscogee County 17.2%Rigdon Road Elementary School Muscogee County 29.0%River Road Elementary School Muscogee County 21.9%Rothschild Middle School Muscogee County 28.5%Shaw High School Muscogee County 12.8%South Columbus Elementary School Muscogee County 45.0%Spencer High School Muscogee County 30.1%St. Mary's Video and Communication Technology Muscogee County 25.2%Veterans Memorial Middle School Muscogee County 14.8%Waddell Elementary School Muscogee County 30.4%Wesley Heights Elementary School Muscogee County 31.1%Wynnton Elementary School Muscogee County 26.9%Alcovy High School Newton County 21.7%Challenge Charter Academy Newton County 83.7%Clements Middle School Newton County 27.5%Cousins Middle School Newton County 21.8%East Newton Elementary School Newton County 20.6%

58Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateEastside High School Newton County 15.2%Flint Hill Elementary Newton County 25.1%Heard-Mixon Elementary School Newton County 30.9%Indian Creek Middle School Newton County 16.4%Liberty Middle School Newton County 26.4%Live Oak Elementary Newton County 30.0%Livingston Elementary School Newton County 29.7%Mansfield Elementary School Newton County 16.3%Middle Ridge Elementary School Newton County 38.2%New School Newton County 23.6%Newton County Theme School at Ficquett Newton County 1.1%Newton High School Newton County 24.8%Oak Hill Elementary School Newton County 20.2%Porterdale Elementary School Newton County 27.0%Rocky Plains Elementary School Newton County 16.5%South Salem Elementary School Newton County 21.1%Veterans Memorial Middle School Newton County 24.2%West Newton Elementary School Newton County 35.0%Colham Ferry Elementary School Oconee County 8.8%High Shoals Elementary School Oconee County 10.3%Malcom Bridge Elementary School Oconee County 10.3%Malcom Bridge Middle School Oconee County 8.6%North Oconee High School Oconee County 4.6%Oconee County Elementary School Oconee County 7.2%Oconee County High School Oconee County 4.2%Oconee County Middle School Oconee County 6.4%Oconee County Primary School Oconee County 13.9%Rocky Branch Elementary School Oconee County 10.6%Oglethorpe County Elementary School Oglethorpe County 8.8%Oglethorpe County High School Oglethorpe County 13.8%Oglethorpe County Middle School Oglethorpe County 9.5%Oglethorpe County Primary School Oglethorpe County 18.3%Allgood Elementary School Paulding County 20.6%Bessie L. Baggett Elementary Paulding County 19.1%Burnt Hickory Elementary School Paulding County 6.2%C. A. Roberts Elementary School Paulding County 9.6%Carl Scoggins Sr. Middle school Paulding County 16.9%Connie Dugan Elementary School Paulding County 13.8%Dallas Elementary School Paulding County 32.5%East Paulding High School Paulding County 12.2%East Paulding Middle School Paulding County 9.3%Floyd L. Shelton Elementary School at Crossroad Paulding County 6.7%Hal Hutchens Elementary Paulding County 13.6%Herschel Jones Middle School Paulding County 22.6%Hiram Elementary School Paulding County 22.6%Hiram High School Paulding County 14.2%Irma C. Austin Middle School Paulding County 8.8%J. A. Dobbins Middle School Paulding County 14.1%Lena Mae Moses Middle School Paulding County 12.8%Lillian C. Poole Elementary School Paulding County 22.1%McGarity Elementary School Paulding County 16.8%Nebo Elementary School Paulding County 19.3%New Georgia Elementary School Paulding County 20.9%North Paulding High School Paulding County 8.3%Northside Elementary School Paulding County 19.1%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 59

School District 2012-13 Churn RateP. B. Ritch Middle School Paulding County 17.2%Paulding County High School Paulding County 20.9%Roland W. Russom Elementary Paulding County 8.3%Sam D. Panter Elementary School Paulding County 25.3%Sammy McClure Sr. Middle School Paulding County 4.4%Sara M. Ragsdale Elementary Paulding County 18.0%South Paulding High School Paulding County 10.5%South Paulding Middle School Paulding County 14.7%Union Elementary School Paulding County 16.3%WC Abney Elementary Paulding County 12.0%Byron Elementary School Peach County 17.3%Byron Middle School Peach County 15.9%Fort Valley Middle School Peach County 15.0%Hunt Elementary School Peach County 14.3%Kay Road Elementary Peach County 19.3%Peach County High School Peach County 18.8%Pelham City Middle School Pelham City 20.8%Pelham Elementary School Pelham City 19.6%Pelham High School Pelham City 16.7%Harmony Elementary School Pickens County 13.9%Hill City Elementary School Pickens County 16.5%Jasper Elementary School Pickens County 19.9%Jasper Middle School Pickens County 10.2%Pickens County High School Pickens County 10.9%Pickens County Middle School Pickens County 12.6%Tate Elementary School Pickens County 15.3%Blackshear Elementary School Pierce County 17.8%Midway Elementary School Pierce County 15.5%Patterson Elementary School Pierce County 15.8%Pierce County High School Pierce County 12.2%Pierce County Middle School Pierce County 12.3%Pike County Elementary School Pike County 7.8%Pike County High School Pike County 9.0%Pike County Middle School Pike County 8.2%Pike County Primary School Pike County 10.9%Cedartown High School Polk County 14.3%Cedartown Middle School Polk County 12.7%Cherokee Elementary School Polk County 19.1%Eastside Elementary School Polk County 19.3%Harpst Academy Polk County 114.8%Northside Elementary Polk County 34.2%Rockmart High School Polk County 12.1%Rockmart Middle School Polk County 16.8%Van Wert Elementary School Polk County 23.2%Westside Elementary School Polk County 25.3%Youngs Grove Elementary School Polk County 22.8%Hawkinsville High School Pulaski County 14.7%Pulaski County Elementary School Pulaski County 14.5%Pulaski County Middle School Pulaski County 12.0%Putnam County Elementary School Putnam County 7.9%Putnam County High School Putnam County 10.8%Putnam County Middle School Putnam County 11.6%Putnam County Primary School Putnam County 14.2%Quitman County Elementary Quitman County 16.9%Quitman County High School Quitman County 10.5%

60Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateRabun County Elementary School Rabun County 9.2%Rabun County High School Rabun County 11.5%Rabun County Middle School Rabun County 13.1%Rabun Gap Community School Rabun County 25.7%South Rabun Elementary School Rabun County 10.4%Randolph Clay High School Randolph County 12.0%Randolph Clay Middle School Randolph County 20.0%Randolph County Elementary School Randolph County 18.6%Academy of Richmond County High School Richmond County 22.9%Barton Chapel Elementary School Richmond County 42.5%Bayvale Elementary School Richmond County 51.3%Blythe Elementary School Richmond County 41.5%Butler High School Richmond County 28.2%Collins Elementary School Richmond County 38.7%Copeland Elementary School Richmond County 50.6%Craig-Houghton Elementary School Richmond County 53.3%Cross Creek High School Richmond County 18.5%Davidson Magnet School Richmond County 1.3%Deer Chase Elementary School Richmond County 26.3%Diamond Lakes Elementary School Richmond County 27.3%Freedom Park Elementary Richmond County 43.0%Garrett Elementary School Richmond County 20.4%Glenn Hills Elementary School Richmond County 36.5%Glenn Hills High School Richmond County 25.1%Glenn Hills Middle School Richmond County 19.2%Goshen Elementary School Richmond County 16.3%Gracewood Elementary School Richmond County 24.1%Hains Elementary School Richmond County 34.6%Hephzibah Elementary School Richmond County 18.8%Hephzibah High School Richmond County 20.2%Hephzibah Middle School Richmond County 20.9%Jamestown Elementary School Richmond County 23.3%Jenkins-White Elementary Charter School Richmond County 37.0%Johnson Magnet Richmond County 3.0%Josey High School Richmond County 28.7%Lake Forest Hills Elementary School Richmond County 18.4%Lamar - Milledge Elementary School Richmond County 51.1%Laney High School Richmond County 22.6%Langford Middle School Richmond County 28.5%Lighthouse Care Center of Augusta Richmond County 229.3%McBean Elementary School Richmond County 31.6%Meadowbrook Elementary School Richmond County 29.9%Merry Elementary School Richmond County 43.0%Monte Sano Elementary School Richmond County 41.2%Morgan Road Middle School Richmond County 34.2%Murphey Middle Charter School Richmond County 34.0%National Hills Elementary School Richmond County 31.0%Pine Hill Middle School Richmond County 20.0%Richmond County Technical Career Magnet School Richmond County 3.7%Rollins Elementary School Richmond County 27.6%Sego Middle School Richmond County 21.6%Southside Elementary School Richmond County 31.6%Spirit Creek Middle School Richmond County 22.7%Sue Reynolds Elementary School Richmond County 24.8%Terrace Manor Elementary School Richmond County 39.8%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 61

School District 2012-13 Churn RateTobacco Road Elementary School Richmond County 16.0%Tutt Middle School Richmond County 19.3%W.S. Hornsby K-8 School Richmond County 31.5%Walker Traditional Elementary School Richmond County 3.0%Warren Road Elementary School Richmond County 21.8%Westside High School Richmond County 16.4%Wheeless Road Elementary School Richmond County 34.6%Wilkinson Gardens Elementary School Richmond County 34.7%Willis Foreman Elementary School Richmond County 26.9%Windsor Spring Road Elementary School Richmond County 32.9%Barksdale Elementary School Rockdale County 19.3%Conyers Middle School Rockdale County 20.8%Edwards Middle School Rockdale County 20.1%Flat Shoals Elementary School Rockdale County 26.8%General Ray Davis Middle School Rockdale County 13.5%Heritage High School Rockdale County 19.2%Hicks Elementary School Rockdale County 29.2%Hightower Trail Elementary School Rockdale County 17.7%Honey Creek Elementary School Rockdale County 21.8%House Elementary School Rockdale County 13.8%Lorraine Elementary School Rockdale County 14.3%Memorial Middle School Rockdale County 20.2%Peek's Chapel Elementary Rockdale County 33.9%Pine Street Elementary School Rockdale County 31.9%Rockdale County High School Rockdale County 20.4%Salem High School Rockdale County 25.2%Shoal Creek Elementary School Rockdale County 30.9%Sims Elementary School Rockdale County 26.5%East Central Elementary School Rome City 13.0%Elm Street Elementary Rome City 21.3%Main Elementary School Rome City 30.3%North Heights Elementary School Rome City 31.0%Rome High School Rome City 11.3%Rome Middle School Rome City 18.3%Southeast Elementary School Rome City 26.4%West Central Elementary School Rome City 28.3%West End Elementary School Rome City 20.3%Schley County Elementary School Schley County 8.2%Schley Middle High School Schley County 7.4%Screven County Elementary School Screven County 17.7%Screven County High School Screven County 12.1%Screven County Middle School Screven County 11.3%Seminole County Elementary School Seminole County 14.1%Seminole County Middle/High School Seminole County 11.4%Social Circle Elementary School Social Circle City 13.6%Social Circle High School Social Circle City 16.3%Social Circle Middle School Social Circle City 14.8%Social Circle Primary School Social Circle City 15.4%Anne Street Elementary School Spalding County 26.3%Atkinson Elementary School Spalding County 28.1%AZ Kelsey Academy Spalding County 92.9%Beaverbrook Elementary School Spalding County 31.3%Carver Road Middle School Spalding County 26.6%Cowan Road Elementary School Spalding County 27.0%Cowan Road Middle School Spalding County 35.0%

62Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateCrescent Road Elementary School Spalding County 13.1%Futral Road Elementary School Spalding County 16.3%Griffin High School Spalding County 21.2%Jackson Road Elementary School Spalding County 23.1%Jordan Hill Road Elementary School Spalding County 19.3%Kennedy Road Middle School Spalding County 30.6%Moore Elementary School Spalding County 31.0%Moreland Road Elementary Spalding County 23.3%Orrs Elementary School Spalding County 27.4%Rehoboth Road Middle School Spalding County 16.8%Spalding High School Spalding County 22.0%Cherokee Charter Academy State Charter School 10.3%Georgia Connections Academy State Charter School 67.6%Heritage Preparatory Academy School State Charter School 17.3%Ivy Prep Academy at Kirkwood for Girls School State Charter School 9.0%Ivy Preparatory Young Men's Leadership Academy School State Charter School 13.6%Mountain Education Center School State Charter School 90.1%Odyssey School State Charter School 24.1%Provost Academy Georgia State Charter School 289.2%Scholars Academy Charter School State Charter School 20.3%Atlanta Area School for the Deaf State Schools 14.2%Georgia School for the Deaf State Schools 21.0%Big A Elementary School Stephens County 15.7%Eastanollee Elementary School Stephens County 25.2%Liberty Elementary School Stephens County 20.0%Stephens County High School Stephens County 10.9%Stephens County Middle School Stephens County 9.8%Toccoa Elementary School Stephens County 21.4%Stewart County Elementary School Stewart County 16.4%Stewart County High School Stewart County 14.7%Stewart County Middle School Stewart County 7.4%Americus Sumter County High North Sumter County 14.2%Americus Sumter County High South Sumter County 13.7%Sarah Cobb Elementary School Sumter County 14.4%Staley Middle School Sumter County 13.9%Sumter County Elementary School Sumter County 8.1%Sumter County Middle School Sumter County 8.9%Sumter County Primary School Sumter County 12.9%Central Elementary/High School Talbot County 9.5%Taliaferro County School Taliaferro County 18.9%Collins Elementary School Tattnall County 24.6%Collins Middle School Tattnall County 22.5%Glennville Elementary School Tattnall County 22.0%Glennville Middle School Tattnall County 19.0%Reidsville Elementary School Tattnall County 19.5%Reidsville Middle School Tattnall County 21.1%Tattnall County High School Tattnall County 16.1%Georgia Center Taylor County 251.1%Taylor County High School Taylor County 8.9%Taylor County Middle School Taylor County 13.8%Taylor County Primary School Taylor County 13.3%Taylor County Upper Elementary Taylor County 10.2%Telfair County Elementary Telfair County 15.3%Telfair County High School Telfair County 9.0%Telfair County Middle School Telfair County 12.9%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 63

School District 2012-13 Churn RateCarver Elementary School Terrell County 12.7%Cooper Primary School Terrell County 12.1%Terrell High School Terrell County 9.1%Terrell Middle School Terrell County 11.2%Bishop Hall Charter School Thomas County 72.5%Cross Creek Elementary School Thomas County 12.7%Garrison-Pilcher Elementary School Thomas County 15.9%Hand In Hand Primary Thomas County 20.1%Thomas County Central High School Thomas County 12.9%Thomas County Middle School Thomas County 13.5%Upson-Lee High School Thomaston-Upson County 13.4%Upson-Lee Middle School Thomaston-Upson County 9.1%Upson-Lee North Elementary School Thomaston-Upson County 9.9%Upson-Lee South Elementary Thomaston-Upson County 10.3%Harper Elementary School Thomasville City 13.0%Jerger Elementary School Thomasville City 4.9%MacIntyre Park Middle School Thomasville City 14.4%Scott Elementary School Thomasville City 25.7%Thomasville High School Thomasville City 16.5%Annie Belle Clark Primary School Tift County 22.0%Charles Spencer Elementary School Tift County 18.3%Eighth Street Middle School Tift County 19.8%G. O. Bailey Primary School Tift County 17.8%J. T. Reddick School Tift County 11.5%Len Lastinger Primary School Tift County 22.3%Matt Wilson Elementary School Tift County 15.1%Northeast Campus, Tift County High School Tift County 19.8%Northside Primary School Tift County 25.6%Omega Elementary School Tift County 14.9%Tift County High School Tift County 13.6%Lyons Primary School Toombs County 20.2%Lyons Upper Elementary Toombs County 17.1%Toombs Central Elementary School Toombs County 24.4%Toombs County High School Toombs County 15.1%Toombs County Middle School Toombs County 17.1%Towns County Elementary School Towns County 15.8%Towns County High School Towns County 8.3%Towns County Middle School Towns County 10.8%Treutlen Elementary School Treutlen County 13.0%Treutlen Middle/High School Treutlen County 10.0%Trion Elementary School Trion City 4.2%Trion High School Trion City 1.4%Trion Middle School Trion City 4.3%Berta Weathersbee Elementary School Troup County 11.5%Bradfield Center - Ault Academy Troup County 83.3%Callaway Elementary School Troup County 17.9%Callaway High School Troup County 15.1%Callaway Middle School Troup County 15.7%Ethel Kight Magnet Elementary School Troup County 26.7%Franklin Forest Elementary Troup County 20.6%Gardner-Newman Middle School Troup County 13.1%Hillcrest Elementary School Troup County 23.3%Hogansville Elementary School Troup County 25.9%Hollis Hand Elementary School Troup County 16.2%LaGrange High School Troup County 16.8%

64Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RateLong Cane Elementary School Troup County 19.6%Long Cane Middle School Troup County 11.8%Mountville Elementary School Troup County 20.5%Rosemont Elementary School Troup County 12.3%Troup County High School Troup County 11.3%Unity Elementary School Troup County 17.1%West Point Elementary School Troup County 14.7%Whitesville Road Elementary School Troup County 23.1%Turner County Elementary School Turner County 15.2%Turner County High School Turner County 8.9%Turner County Middle School Turner County 18.0%Turner County Specialty School Turner County 200.0%Jeffersonville Elementary Twiggs County 19.3%Twiggs County High School Twiggs County 16.4%Twiggs Middle School Twiggs County 18.1%Union County Elementary School Union County 12.5%Union County High School Union County 9.4%Union County Middle School Union County 10.4%Union County Primary School Union County 12.6%Woody Gap High/Elementary School Union County 34.8%J. L. Lomax Elementary School Valdosta City 36.7%Newbern Middle School Valdosta City 31.8%Nunn Elementary School Valdosta City 26.2%S.L. Mason Elementary School Valdosta City 26.9%Sallas Mahone Elementary Valdosta City 27.7%Southeast Elementary School Valdosta City 39.0%Valdosta High School Valdosta City 18.7%Valdosta Middle School Valdosta City 20.2%J. D. Dickerson Primary School Vidalia City 12.0%J. R. Trippe Middle School Vidalia City 13.3%Sally Dailey Meadows Elementary School Vidalia City 12.8%Vidalia Comprehensive High School Vidalia City 14.0%Chattanooga Valley Elementary School Walker County 21.5%Chattanooga Valley Middle School Walker County 12.8%Cherokee Ridge Elementary Walker County 17.0%Fairyland Elementary School Walker County 10.6%Gilbert Elementary School Walker County 23.9%LaFayette High School Walker County 10.5%LaFayette Middle School Walker County 12.2%Naomi Elementary School Walker County 32.2%North LaFayette Elementary School Walker County 14.7%Ridgeland High School Walker County 17.6%Rock Spring Elementary School Walker County 17.2%Rossville Elementary School Walker County 38.6%Rossville Middle School Walker County 22.2%Stone Creek Elementary School Walker County 20.2%Atha Road Elementary School Walton County 19.7%Bay Creek Elementary School Walton County 13.8%Carver Middle School Walton County 24.7%Harmony Elementary School Walton County 32.3%Loganville Elementary School Walton County 10.7%Loganville High School Walton County 12.6%Loganville Middle School Walton County 11.0%Monroe Area High School Walton County 19.6%Monroe Elementary Walton County 24.1%

Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors 65

School District 2012-13 Churn RateSharon Elementary School Walton County 9.6%Walker Park Elementary School Walton County 12.2%Walnut Grove Elementary School Walton County 12.5%Walnut Grove High School Walton County 13.8%Youth Elementary School Walton County 8.7%Youth Middle School Walton County 13.2%Center Elementary School Ware County 30.0%Memorial Drive Elementary School Ware County 25.7%Ruskin Elementary School Ware County 32.5%Wacona Elementary School Ware County 21.0%Ware County High School Ware County 16.9%Ware County Middle School Ware County 17.7%Waresboro Elementary School Ware County 35.9%Waycross Middle School Ware County 18.7%Williams Heights Elementary School Ware County 26.2%Freeman Elementary School Warren County 6.8%Warren County High School Warren County 12.0%Warren County Middle School Warren County 21.5%Ridge Road Elementary School Washington County 7.4%Ridge Road Primary School Washington County 8.9%T. J. Elder Middle School Washington County 9.0%Washington County High School Washington County 9.1%Arthur Williams Middle School Wayne County 16.0%Bacon Elementary School Wayne County 21.5%Jesup Elementary School Wayne County 25.7%Martha Puckett Middle School Wayne County 14.9%Martha Rawls Smith Elementary School Wayne County 26.9%Odum Elementary School Wayne County 17.6%Screven Elementary School Wayne County 22.7%Wayne County High School Wayne County 12.9%Webster County Elementary/Middle School Webster County 19.7%Webster County High School Webster County 21.0%Wheeler County Elementary School Wheeler County 14.3%Wheeler County High School Wheeler County 9.6%Jack P Nix Primary White County 22.3%Mossy Creek Elementary School White County 27.1%Mount Yonah Elementary School White County 23.9%White Co. Intermediate White County 16.3%White County 9th Grade Academy White County 10.8%White County High School White County 6.4%White County Middle School White County 12.3%Antioch Elementary School Whitfield County 15.4%Beaverdale Elementary School Whitfield County 20.4%Cedar Ridge Elementary Whitfield County 18.5%Coahulla Creek High School Whitfield County 19.1%Cohutta Elementary School Whitfield County 27.9%Dawnville Elementary School Whitfield County 19.8%Dug Gap Elementary School Whitfield County 13.2%Eastbrook Middle School Whitfield County 10.4%Eastside Elementary School Whitfield County 18.9%New Hope Elementary School Whitfield County 13.1%New Hope Middle School Whitfield County 10.0%North Whitfield Middle School Whitfield County 18.1%Northwest Whitfield County High School Whitfield County 10.3%Phoenix High School Whitfield County 148.7%

66Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School District 2012-13 Churn RatePleasant Grove Elementary School Whitfield County 15.9%Southeast Whitfield County High School Whitfield County 12.4%Tunnel Hill Elementary School Whitfield County 15.4%Valley Point Elementary School Whitfield County 19.0%Valley Point Middle School Whitfield County 12.5%Varnell Elementary School Whitfield County 14.6%Westside Elementary School Whitfield County 14.7%Westside Middle School Whitfield County 12.5%Wilcox County Elementary School Wilcox County 12.1%Wilcox County High School Wilcox County 11.7%Wilcox County Middle School Wilcox County 11.8%Washington-Wilkes Comprehensive High School Wilkes County 7.0%Washington-Wilkes Elementary School Wilkes County 4.3%Washington-Wilkes Middle School Wilkes County 10.4%Washington-Wilkes Primary School Wilkes County 7.4%Wilkinson County Elementary School Wilkinson County 7.6%Wilkinson County High School Wilkinson County 4.4%Wilkinson County Middle School Wilkinson County 10.4%Wilkinson County Primary School Wilkinson County 15.5%Worth County Elementary School Worth County 12.6%Worth County High School Worth County 11.4%Worth County Middle School Worth County 16.6%Worth County Primary School Worth County 13.7%

67Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

Appendix C: Schools Dropped from the Regression

School DistrictBaxley Wilderness Institute Appling CountyBaker County K12 School Baker CountyCollege and Career Preparatory Academy Barrow CountyBerrien Academy Performance Learning Center Berrien CountyBloomfield Middle School Bibb CountyPrice Educational Center Bibb CountyMacon Behavioral Health System Bibb CountyMiddle Georgia Wilderness Institute DJJ Facility Bleckley CountyBryan County High School Bryan CountyNew Southeast Bulloch High School Bulloch CountyKidsPeace Carroll CountyChattooga Academy Chattooga CountyClay County Middle School Clay CountyClay County Elementary Clay CountyDevereux Ackerman Academy Cobb CountyDeKalb Preparatory Academy Charter DeKalb CountyMuseum School Avondale Estates DeKalb CountyEast DeKalb Special Education Center DeKalb CountyMargaret Harris Comprehensive School DeKalb CountyUHS of Laurel Heights DeKalb CountyInternational Student Center DeKalb CountyMcNair High School DeKalb CountyTowers High School DeKalb CountyCoralwood Education Center DeKalb CountyAlbany Middle School Dougherty CountyRobert A. Cross Middle Magnet Dougherty CountyRadium Springs Middle School Dougherty CountyDougherty County Drop Back In Academy Dougherty CountyMagnolia Elementary School Dougherty CountyDougherty International Education Middle School Dougherty CountySouthside Middle School Dougherty CountyYouth Villages at Inner Harbour Douglas CountySwainsboro High School Emanuel CountyForsyth Academy Forsyth Countyi-Achieve Academy Forsyth CountyGeorgia Baptist Children's Home and Family Ministries Fulton CountyEllijay Primary School Gilmer CountyMorningstar Treatment Services, Inc. Youth Estate Glynn CountyBurroughs-Molette Elementary School Glynn CountyOakland Meadow School Gwinnett CountyLanier Career Academy Hall CountyEast Hall Middle School Hall CountyHart County Academy Hart CountyHouston County Career Academy Houston CountyLiberty County High School Liberty County

GOSA calculated 2012-13 churn rates for 2,271 schools. However, the regression analysis does not include 103 schools due to missing data, mostly on the percent gifted variable. This appendix lists schools dropped from the regression.

68Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

School DistrictGood Shepherd Therapeutic Center Meriwether CountyManchester High School Meriwether CountyMiller County High School Miller CountyBaconton Community Charter School Mitchell CountyMountain Creek Academy School Murray CountyEarly College Academy of Columbus at Waverly Terrace Muscogee CountyMarshall Middle School Muscogee CountyMartin Luther King, Jr. Elementary School Muscogee CountyShaw High School Muscogee CountyCusseta Road Elementary School Muscogee CountyGeorgetown Elementary School Muscogee CountyRothschild Middle School Muscogee CountyDavis Elementary School Muscogee CountyDawson Elementary School Muscogee CountyJordan Vocational High School Muscogee CountyChallenge Charter Academy Newton CountyHarpst Academy Polk CountyQuitman County High School Quitman CountyQuitman County Elementary Quitman CountyRandolph Clay Middle School Randolph CountyRandolph Clay High School Randolph CountyRandolph County Elementary School Randolph CountyLighthouse Care Center of Augusta Richmond CountyAZ Kelsey Academy Spalding CountyStewart County Elementary School Stewart CountyStewart County High School Stewart CountyCentral Elementary/High School Talbot CountyTaliaferro County School Taliaferro CountyGeorgia Center Taylor CountyBishop Hall Charter School Thomas CountyBradfield Center - Ault Academy Troup CountyTurner County Specialty School Turner CountyJeffersonville Elementary Twiggs CountyTwiggs County High School Twiggs CountyTwiggs Middle School Twiggs CountyWarren County High School Warren CountyWilkinson County Primary School Wilkinson CountyKIPP Atlanta Collegiate Atlanta Public SchoolsKIPP Strive Primary Atlanta Public SchoolsLatin Academy Charter School Atlanta Public SchoolsAPS-Forrest Hills Academy Atlanta Public SchoolsCommunity Hope Center Dublin CityDublin City Alternative School Dublin CityGeorge W. Hartmann Center Marietta CityNelson L. Price Treatment Center of GBCH & FM, Inc. Marietta CityMain Elementary School Rome CityVidalia Comprehensive High School Vidalia CityJ. D. Dickerson Primary School Vidalia CityMountain Education Center School State Charter Schools- Mountain Education Center SchoolOdyssey School State Charter Schools- Odyssey SchoolProvost Academy Georgia State Charter Schools- Provost Academy GeorgiaGeorgia Connections Academy State Charter Schools- Georgia Connections AcademyIvy Prep Academy at Kirkwood for Girls School State Charter Schools- Ivy Prep Academy at Kirkwood for Girls SchoolIvy Preparatory Academy School Commission Charter Schools- Ivy Preparatory Academy SchoolPataula Charter Academy Commission Charter Schools- Pataula Charter AcademyAtlanta Heights Charter School Commission Charter Schools- Atlanta Heights Charter SchoolAtlanta Area School for the Deaf State Schools- Atlanta Area School for the DeafGeorgia School for the Deaf State Schools- Georgia School for the Deaf

69Student Mobility in Georgia: Establishing Patterns and Predictors

Appendix D: Results from Student-Level Model

VariableCoeff. (SE)

Substantive Effect

FRL 0.431* 0.039(0.006)

SWD 0.144* 0.013(0.007)

ELL 0.066* 0.006(0.012)

Gifted -1.238* -0.113(0.014)

Asian 0.168* 0.015(0.016)

Black 0.354* 0.032(0.006)

Hispanic 0.002 0.000(0.010)

Native American 0.482* 0.044(0.049)

Multi-Racial 0.336* 0.031(0.014)

Middle -0.075* -0.007(0.007)

High 0.047* 0.004(0.006)

Constant -2.534*(.006)

N 1,705,785

The dependent variable is Pr(Individual Mobility=1),* p<0.05, two-tailedSubstantive effects estimates were derived using the margins package in Stata 12.