KEY STAGE 3 | LESSON PLAN 1 - MUSCLES AND BONES RESOURCE SHEET 1.1

BUILD YOUR OWN ELBOW JOINT 3• Standupandholdyourrightelbowwithyourlefthand.

• Withoutmovingyourupperarmswivelyourrightforearmthroughitsfullrangeofmotion.

• Canyoufeelhowyourelbowjointmoves?

Takealookatthediagramtotherightandseeifyoucanidentifythebonesyoucanfeelinyourarm.

Yourelbowjointisahingejoint.Itconsistsoftwoknobsatthebottomendofthehumeruswhichfitintotwogroovesatthetopoftheradiusandulna.

Yourtasknowistobuildyourownsimpleversionofanelbowjointandcarryoutsometestsonit.

Yourteacherwillgiveyouanelbowjointkitwhichshouldcontainthefollowingpieces:

• Aforearm• Anupperarm• Twolongballoons• Somestring• Twoplasticcableties• ApieceofsplitPVCtubing• Twothickelasticbands• Asetofslotmasses• Someelectricaltape

Nowfollowthestepsbelow:

1.TakethepieceofPVCtubingandslipitoverthebottomoftheupperarm.

Whatpartoftheelbowjointdoesthistuberepresent?Writeyouranswerintheboxbelow.

shoulder girdle

socket

head of humerus

socket

knob

aBall and socket joint- can move in any plane

BHinge joint- can move in only one plane

groove

radius

ulna

PVC tube

upper arm

naMe

2.Thisstepisabittricky.Cutfour3cmlengthsofelasticbandandusethemtoholdthejointtogether.Theyneedtobetightlyfastenedontotheforearmandupperarmwiththecableties.Youcanusetheelectricaltapetoholdtheminpositionwhileyoutightenthecableties.

Whatpartoftheelbowjointdotheelasticbandsrepresent?Writeyouranswerintheboxbelow.

3.Cuttheclosedendsofftwolongballoonssothatyouhavetwo20cmlengthsofballoon.Tieofftheendyouhavejustcut.Maketheknotniceandtightasyouwillnowneedtoinflatetheballoons.

4.Inflateeachballoonsothatoneisabout8to10cmindiameterandtheotherisabout5or6cmindiameter.Tietheotherendsoff.Thencutfour10cmlengthsofstringandtightlytiethemtotheendsoftheballoons,justbehindtheballoonknots.

Whatdoyouthinktheballoonsandstringswillrepresentinyourelbowjoint?Writeyouranswersintheboxbelow.

KEY STAGE 3 | LESSON PLAN 1 - MUSCLES AND BONES RESOURCE SHEET 1.1

elastic band

tape

cable ties

tape

balloon

string

string

knot

5.Connecttheballoonstotherestofthemodelasshowninthediagrambelow.Yourarmjointisnowcomplete.Trymovingthejointabouttogetafeelfortherangeofmovement.Lookattheballoonsandcrossouttheincorrectwordsinthesentencesbelow.Thediagramontherightmighthelpyouwiththis.

Theballoonmarked‘A’inthediagrambelowrepresentsthebiceps/triceps

muscle.Whentheforearmisraisedthismusclecontracts/relaxes.Asitdoesthisit

getsshorter/longerandthinner/fatter.

6.Nowusearetortstandtoholdyourarminposition,asshowninthediagram,belowandhangafewlightslotmassesontheendoftheforearm.Nowthatthemusclesareundertensionuseapairofscissorstocutoneortwooftheelasticbands.Whatkindofjointinjurydoyouthinkthisrepresents?Writeyourideasintheboxoverleaf.

KEY STAGE 3 | LESSON PLAN 1 - MUSCLES AND BONES RESOURCE SHEET 1.1

Forearm raising

this muscle contracts

this muscle relaxes

tendons (fibres which attach

muscle to bone)ligaments

(fibres which hold joint together)

tie knot in string to stop it sliding

through hole

a

KEY STAGE 3 | LESSON PLAN 1 - MUSCLES AND BONES RESOURCE SHEET 1.1

Howdoyouthinkyoucouldreceiveaninjurylikethisinreallife?Writeyourideasintheboxbelow.

Howhasthisaffectedthejoint?Makearoughsketchofwhathashappenedtothejointthentrytakingthejointthroughitsfullrangeofmotion.Doyoursketchandwriteadescriptionofwhatyouseeintheboxonthenextpage.

KEY STAGE 3 | LESSON PLAN 1 - MUSCLES AND BONES RESOURCE SHEET 1.1

NowimaginethatsomeonewiththiskindofinjuryhasjustbeenadmittedtoanAccidentandEmergency(A&E)department.Usetheflowchartbelowordrawoutyourownversiontoshowhowyouthinktheinjurywouldbediagnosedandtreated.Thefirstboxhasbeenfilledintohelpyougetstarted.

Trytoseparateeachboxintoanactionwhereyoudescribewhatishappeningandaseen bysectionwhereyoudescribewhichmemberofstaffatthehospitalhasbeeninvolvedinthataction.YoumightwanttouseStudentResourceSheet1.2–Torn Ligament Patient Journeytohelpwiththis.

Ifyouwanttodrawyourownflowchartuseanothersheetofpaper.

KEY STAGE 3 | LESSON PLAN 1 - MUSCLES AND BONES RESOURCE SHEET 1.1

Action:AdmittedtoA&Edepartmentwithseverepaininrightelbow.Unabletomovethejoint.Injuryreceivedinarugbymatch.

Seenby:Dutynurse