student will learn: 4 periodic trends : atomic radii trend ionization trend electronegativity trend...
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Student will learn:4 periodic trends :
atomic radii trend
ionization trend
electronegativity trend
reactivity trend
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Periodic Trends
Atomic Radius
Ionization Energy
Electronegativity
Reactivity
½ distance between nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded
Energy required to remove one electron
Atom’s ability to gain an electron.
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Atomic RadiiPeriod trends
Trend to larger radii because proton pull is less on e- of same energy level
Group trends Trend to larger atomsbecause e- are added to
NEXT energy level … farther away from nucleus.
Which has largest atomic radii? Mg, Cl, Na, P,
Which has largest atomic radii?
Ca, Be, Ba, Sr?
Which has smallest atomic radii? Li, O, C, F ?
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88888 Octet rule• Chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom
has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level. …
• ….atoms will try to get a group of 8 electrons in its outer orbit….
• Either by gaining,
losing,
sharing electrons
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Ion = an atom or group of bonded atoms that have a + or – charge.
lost an electron = postive……Na+ cation
gain an electron =negative…Cl- anion.
• Do oxidation numbers here
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Radii of IonsPositive Cations lost e- ….
» Lost therefore radii smaller
Negative Anion gained e- ….» gained therefore radii larger.
Describe the ion radii of the following as
increase or decrease.
Cl, N, Ca, Cu, S, Na,
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Ionization energy energy required to remove one electron
energy required to make it a cation Period trends
Increases across
period because more
protons pull greater on
e- in same energy level
Group trends Increases going
up group. Electrons are closer to
nucleus so protons pull electrons
Tighter therefore takes more energy
to take an e-.
Measured in k/joules
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1st Ionization = energy required to remove 1st electron.2nd ionization = energy required to remove 2nd electron.3rd ionization = energy required to remove 3rd electron.
“numbers will increase” “Arrange the following in increasing ionization energy.”
Li, O, C, K, Ne, FK,Li,C,O,F,Ne
Be, Ba,Ca,MgBa,Ca,Mg,Be
Which would least likely form?Sr2+, Al3+, K2+
K2+
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Electronegativity ability to gain electrons ability to become an anion
Period: increases
across period b/c
octet rule is being filled
Group: increases going
up b/c electron closer
to pull of protons
Which element would gain e- easier? Br, I, Cl, F
Which element is most electronegative?
C, N, O, Se, S
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• Reactivity
Which would react easier with chlorine?
Na or K
How about Sodium and Magnesium?
If Li and K and Br were mixed in a beaker. What compound would be the largest percentage?
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1. In a given group lowest first ionization energy is
a. Noble gas
b. Halogens
c. Alkali metal
d. Alkaline earth metals
2. Which element has an ion with a radius
that is larger than its atomic radius?
a. K
b. Cr
c. Zn
d. Cl
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3.Which element in period 3 has the greatest tendancy to gain electrons?
a. Ar
b. Cl
c. Si
d. Na
4. Arrange the following in
increasing order of atomic radii.
a. Al, Si, P
b. Li, Na, K
c. I, Br, Cl
d. N, O, F
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5. Which particle has the smallest radii?
a. Na
b. K
c. Na+
d. K+
6. Which element would be the most reactive with water?
a. Au
b. Mg
c. Fe
d. Na
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Student will learn:4 periodic trends :
atomic radii trend
ionization trend
electronegativity trend
reactivity trend