Student:..................................................

Scone High School

TAS Department

Stage 6Preliminary

Industrial Technology Timber

Timber Products and Furniture Technologies

Industry Related Manufacturing Technology

Fittings and Allied Materials

Index

Students learn about: Students learn to:MaterialsFittings and allied materials• hardware

– screws– nails– nuts– bolts– knockdown fittings– hinges– handles– knobs– staples/staple guns

• other materials– composite materials– glass– metal– polymers– upholstery materials– adhesives

• identify and select appropriate fittings and allied materials to use in practical projects

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ScrewsReference: www.timbertech.wikisaces.comPreliminary Course > Industry Related Manufacturing Technology > Materials > Hardware

When a screw is driven into timber the threaded shank of a screw cuts its way through the fibres and this gives greater holding power than nails.

1. Name the parts of a screw

2. The types of screws are named after the shape of their heads.

Name the screws shown below

3. Name the type of screw which would be most suited to the following jobs.

Jobs needing a flush finish(hinges - furniture – brackets)

Securing hinges to gates.

Fixing decorative handles to cabinets

Constructing particle board boxes using an electric drill and driver bit

Fixing thin material to timber

Securing plaster board to studs

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Word BankBodyCore or root diameterHeadLengthShankSlotThreadPoint

4. List the materials that screws maybe made from.

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5. List three types of finishes used on timber screws

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6. What is the advantage of the modern rolled thread over the machined thread?

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7. Name the types of drives shown below.

8. Length of screws

(a) What is the general rule when deciding the length of a screw?

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(b) Why should a longer screw be used when screwing into end grain?

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9. When drilling near the end of a board splitting of the timber may occur. How can this be avoided?

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10. Boring for Screws – traditional wood screws or long threads (Cross out the incorrect word)

Step 1: The top member is bored with a drill size slightly larger/smaller than shank diameter of the screw

Step 2: Countersink if necessary / always required

Step 3: In hardwood a pilot hole slightly less than the root diameter/ shank diameter of the screw should be drilled

In softwood no pilot hole is required or a bradawl maybe used

Reference: A Guide to Modern Screws

1. Below are shown the traditional timber screw and a modern timber screw.

Compare three differences between the two screws

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2. No Pilot Holes

To eliminate the need for a pilot hole, many modern wood screws are self-driving. Various serrations and grooves help ease the screw into the wood.

List three methods of creating a self-drilling screw

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3. Bridging

Threads that extend across a joint line can sometimes cause the two parts to separate as the screw is driven home.

Describe how bridging can be avoided.

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Nails1. Name the nails shown below and sate use for each.

Name Picture Use

2. What should be stated when ordering nails?

refers to the shape of the head or usemay range from 12mm – 150mmrefers to the diameter of the shanksteel (bright), brass etc(if applicable) galvanised, zinc plated, florentinein kilograms – blister packs sold by number

3. Write an order to purchase the box of nails shown

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......................................................................................4. How do you determine the required length of the nail?

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5. a) Draw sketches to distinguish between dovetail nailing and skew nailing.

b) Name the type of nailing from the definitions given.

The nails are angled towards each other and this makes it a little more difficult for the two pieces of wood to be pulled apart.Used where the timber thickness or position prevents normal nailing methods from being used.

6. Describe two times that it may be necessary to predrill a hole before nailing.

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7. a) Where are collated nails used?

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b) What materials are used to hold the collated nails together?

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Nuts and BoltsName the following bolts and match their uses.

Used instead of hexagonal bolt for a more decorative and smooth finish.

Fasteners apply controlled pressurebetween joint members.(bench tops)

Used to join larger members where strength is required e.g. bunk beds

Used with connector bolts for making strong right angle joints.

Used to joined units together such as kitchen cabinets.

Used with T-nuts to secure table legs to table tops

Use in timber, particle board or composite materials. This fastener will leave a flush surface that allows the correct size bolt to be used in the fixing

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Knock Down FittingsReference: www.timbertech.wikispaces.com Materials > Hardware and Allied Materials > Knock Down Fittings

Knock-down fittings are a modern way of joining materials quickly and easily without the use of clamps and glue.

They allow products to be dismantled and assembled whenever necessary.

1. List three advantages of using knock down fittings.

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2. (a) Name the following type of knock down fitting.

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(b) Name two other knock down fittings shown below that the above fitting can be used with to secure furniture members together.

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3. (a) Describe how a cam lock works.

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(b) Sketch a diagram of a cam lock.

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4. Name the following knock down fittings pictured below.

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HingesReference: www.timbertech.wikispaces.comMaterials > Hardware and Allied Materials > Cabinet Door Hinges

1. List the features of hinges that must be considered when selecting what type of hinge to use.

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2. Differentiate between an overlay door and an inset door. (Use sketches to enhance your answer)

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3. Hinge Finishes

Most cabinet door hardware comes in a variety of materials and finishes.

Name 6 types of finishes available for hinges.

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4. Identify each of the hinges below.

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Door / Drawer Knobs and PullsName each of the cabinet hardware shown below.

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LatchesIdentify each of the cabinet door latches shown.

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Shelf SupportsThere is a wide range of adjustable shelf support. A few are shown below.

Adjustable Pilaster Standards and Clips

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Staples and Staple GunsA staple gun or powered stapler is a hand-held machine used to drive heavy metal staples into wood, plastic, or masonry.

1. List some applications for the staple gun

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2. List the forms of power by which staple guns use to operate.

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3. What advantages do power operated staple guns have over hand-powered staple guns?

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AdhesivesReference: www.timbertech.wikispaces.com

Materials > Hardware and Allied Materials > Adhesives

The correct use of glue plays an important part in many wood-using industries, such as furniture construction and cabinet making. Used mainly for securing pieces of wood together, as for joints, inlaying, plywood and for fixing mouldings.

In general, surfaces to be bonded should be free from moisture, dust, dirt and grease and the assembled parts should form a good fit.

Distinguish between the following glues.

Contact Adhesive……………………………………………………………………………………………………

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P.V.A. (polyvinyl acetate)……………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Urea-Formaldehyde……………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Epoxy Resin……………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Polyurethane Glue............................................................................................................................................

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Resorcinal Glue............................................................................................................................................

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1. Briefly describe the desired general condition of surfaces to be bonded with an adhesive.

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2. PVA glue bonds instantly on contact a. True b. False

3. Which of the following does not apply to PVA glue?

a. White in colour b. Ready to use gluec. Completely waterproof d. Cramping time around 3 hours

4. Which of the following could be bonded with PVA adhesives?

a. A metal plaque on a wooden shield. b. b. A timber edge strip on a particleboard shelf. c. c. Acrylic letters on a metal sign. d. d. An aluminium extrusion to a piece of timber.

5. Which of the following does not apply to contact glue?

a. Natural rubber based adhesive. b. Used to bond plastic laminate to manufactured boards. c. Applied to both surfaces and allowed to become touch dry. d. Bonds on contact.

6. What is the most suitable timber adhesive for furniture that is going to be used outdoors?

a. Contact b. Hot melt glue c. Polyvinyl acetate d. Resorcinol formaldehyde

7. At room temperature epoxy resin adhesives (not quick setting types) require a holding or cramping time of:

a. One hour b. Two hoursc. Four hours d. Up to twenty-four hours

8. Briefly describe the constituents of epoxy resin adhesive and how it is prepared for use.

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9. Which of the following materials would preferably be bonded with epoxy resin adhesive?

a. Plastic laminate to wood b. Aluminium to glassc. Wallpaper to plasterboard d. Vinyl sheet to flooring

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Complete the table below which compares the features of the adhesives.

Reference: A Guide to Woodworking Glues

Adhesive Working Time

Clamping Time Clean up Main Properties Uses

P.V.A.

Urea-Formaldehyde

Epoxy Resin

Contact Adhesive

Polyurethane Glue