Students will explain the influence of geography on Greek history, and also Greek religion, society, democracy, Sparta and Athens, the Persian Wars, and the Peloponnesian Wars. Students will also explain Greek contributions in drama, poetry, history, sculpture, architecture, science, mathematics, and philosophy, and why Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were important.

Ancient Greece to AlexanderAncient Greece to AlexanderLearning Objectives (WHI.5)

Los estudiantes explicarán la influencia de la geografía en la historia Griega , y también la religión Griega , la sociedad , la democracia , Esparta y Atenas, las Guerras Médicas , y las Guerras del Peloponeso . Los estudiantes también explicar las contribuciones Griegas en el teatro, la poesía , la historia , la escultura , la arquitectura , la ciencia , las matemáticas y la filosofía , y por qué Sócrates , Platón y Aristóteles eran importantes .

DO NOW / Haga Ahora:DO NOW / Haga Ahora:

Please take out a sheet of paper and write the following ten Please take out a sheet of paper and write the following ten vocabulary words. Using your dictionary, please write the vocabulary words. Using your dictionary, please write the definition of the word in English.definition of the word in English.

Por favor saque una hoja de papel y escribir las siguientes diez palabras de vocabulario. Con su diccionario, por favor, escriba la definición de la palabra en Inglés.

Ancient Greece to AlexanderAncient Greece to Alexander

Presented by Ernest F. Lissabet

Ancient Greece VocabularyAncient Greece Vocabulary

GovernmentDemocracyAgoraPhilosophyAmphitheaterMonumentsDramaPotteryFestivalsSculpture

Geography of Greece

• Mountains

• Few flat places

• Small river valley cities

• Coastal cities

Greek Colonies

• Overpopulation = colonization

• Greeks settled northern coast of Mediterranean

Greek Religion Greek Religion Olympus

Zeus

Hera

Ares

Poseidon

Hades

Aphrodite

Athena

Demeter

Hephaestus

Dionysus

Apollo

Artemis

Hermes

Greek Society types

• Monarchy: Government by Kings

• Oligharcy: Government by business and aristocrats

• Democracy: Government by citizens

τὰ Ὀλύμπια 

The Olympic Games The Olympic Games

• Established 776 B.C.

• Pleasing to the gods when men strive

• All warfare banned

• Brotherhood of Greeks

• Suppressed 394 A.D.

Sparta & Spartan MilitarismSparta & Spartan Militarism• Sparta = military society

• Trained from age 7 to be warriors

• Best Army in Greece

Greek Warfare Greek Warfare

• Greek armies superior because of heavy infantry

• Large shields, protective armor

• Phalanx formation invented bv Sparta, used by all Greeks

Athens & Athenian DemocracyAthens & Athenian Democracy

• Established by Cleisthenes 507 B.C.

• Citizens defined as adult males able serve in the army

• Direct Democracy

• Women and slaves could not vote.

• Athenian style democracy spread to other Greek cities

Athenian Naval PowerAthenian Naval Power

• Athenian navy became strongest in Greece

• Basic warship was the Trireme = 3 banks of oarsmen

• 547 B.C. Darius the Great conquers Greek cities of Asia Minor

• Greek city-states unite against Persia

• 490 BC Darius invades Greece with small army, defeated at Marathon by Athens.

The Persian Wars BeginThe Persian Wars Begin

The First Marathon The First Marathon After the Battle of Marathon, the Athenian soldier Pheidippides ran the 26 mile distance from Marathon to Athens to tell the city of their victory. When he arrived at Athens, he cried out the words, “We have won !” and then died from his exertion. This is why to this day, a 26 mile run is still known as a ‘Marathon.”

Después de la Batalla de Maratón, el soldado Pheidippides corrió la distancia de 26 millas del Maratón hasta Atenas para decir a la ciudad de su victoria. Cuándo llegó a Atenas, gritó las palabras, “¡Hemos ganado! ” y luego murió de su esfuerzo. Esto es por qué hasta este día, 26 millas dirigidas todavía se conocen como un ‘Maratón.”

The Battle of Thermopylae The Battle of Thermopylae

• 480 B.C. King Xerxes invades Greece.

• Huge army delayed at Thermopylae by King Leonidas & Spartans.• Monument:

“Go tell the Spartans, passerby,

that here we lay, in obedience

to their laws.”

Battle of SalamisBattle of Salamis

• Persia attacked Athens but the population sailed to the island of Salamis• Persian navy defeated by Athenian navy

After Salamis, the Persians eventually retreated from Greece.

The Golden Age of Greece The Golden Age of Greece

PhilosophyArchitecture

SculptureDrama & Theatre

The defeat of the Persian Empire marks the beginning of the ‘Golden Age” of ancient Greece. For 100 years, the city states of Greece, but especially Athens, experienced an explosion of art, theatre, science, mathematics and philosophy that is unmatched in human history.

Famous Greeks ! Famous Greeks ! Pericles was the principal statesman of Athens during the Golden Age. He is regarded as one of the first great politicians. Pericles fue el principal estadista de Atenas durante la Edad de Oro. Es considerado como uno de los primeros grandes políticos.

Herodotus was the first writer to distinguish between primary and secondary sources, so because of this he is regarded as “The Father of History.” Herodoto fue el primer escritor para distinguir entre las fuentes primarias y secundarias, de modo que debido a esto, se considera como el "Padre de la Historia".

Archimedes was a Greek engineer, inventor and astronomer. He discovered the Principle of Buoyancy and cried out “Eureka!” (I have found it!”) at his discovery. Arquímedes fue un Griego ingeniero, inventor y astrónomo. Descubrió el principio de flotabilidad y gritó " ¡Eureka!" (¡ lo he encontrado! ") en su descubrimiento.

The Greek poet Homer wrote The Illiad and the Odyssey, the most famous literature of the ancient Greeks. El poeta griego Homer escribió El Illiad y la Odisea, la literatura más famosa de los griegos antiguos.

The Greek mathematician Euclid is regarded as the “Father of Geometry.” El matemático griego Euclid se considera como el “Padre de la Geometría.”

The Greek sculptor Praxiteles created some of the most beautiful sculptures in history and his statues are in museums all over the world. El escultor Griego Praxiteles creado algunas de las más hermosas esculturas de la historia y sus estatuas se encuentran en museos en todo el mundo.

The Athenian politician Demosthenes was a famous orator who opposed the expansion of Macedonia. El político Ateniense Demóstenes fue un famoso orador que se opuso a la expansión de Macedonia.

Greek Drama Greek Drama

• The ancient Greeks loved theatre and built stone theatres like this one, everywhere the Greeks established colonies.

• The Greek theatres showed plays that dealt with drama, love, tragedy and various stories from Greek mythology.

Greek Sculpture Greek Sculpture

• Greek sculptors such as Praxiteles carved statues in an extremely realistic and natural style.

• Not until the Italian Renaissance did any people equal the skill of the Greeks in sculpture.

Greek Architecture Greek Architecture

• Greek architecture was also perfected during the Golden Age.

• During the Golden Age, the Greeks built such beautiful buildings such as:

* the Acropolis in Athens

* and the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus

Greek PhilosophyGreek Philosophy

Socrates

Plato

Aristotle

* Socrates devised the method of questioning and inquiry that today is known as “the Socratic Method” of investigation.

• Plato was a student of Socrates and his famous Dialogues set forth the philosophy of Socrates. He was also the founder of the famous Academy (school) of Athens.

• Aristotle was the student of Plato and a scientist and philosopher who wrote about science, physics, mathematics and government. Later in his life he became the teacher of Alexander the Great.

The Peloponnesian WarsThe Peloponnesian Wars• The Golden Age ended when Athens and Sparta went to war over which city would control Greece.

• Sparta had the better army and Athens had the better navy.

• After 30 years Sparta occupied Athens, but

• The war weakened all of Greece and left the Greek cities open to invasion from the rising power of Macedonia in the north.

Ionian Sea

Dardanelles

Mediterranean Sea

Anatolia

Macedonia

Peloponnesus

Troy

Rhodes

Review / Persian Wars & Golden Age

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-Mgb1mav_U 10 minutes