studies in fibre reinforced composites

Studies in fibre reinforced composites

ByDhanraj Desai

Under the guidance ofProf.(Dr.) R V Adivarekar

Dr. S S Pariti

Contents• Introduction• Research Objective• Materials and Chemicals• PART – I : Preparation of Carbon/Sisal Composites

Experimental Work Result and Discussion

• PART – II : Preparation of Carbon/Jute Composites Experimental Work

Result and Discussion• Conclusion.

Introduction• CompositesEngineered or naturally occurring materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties which remain separate and distinct at the macroscopic or microscopic scale within the finished structure.• E.g.- Concrete, Plywood• Why Composites? Weight Saving Wide range of shapes Inherent Mechanical Properties Excellent fatigue Cost Ease of Assembly Ease of fabrication Tailor ability Don’t Corrode Directionality• Why Hybrid Composites?To take advantage of both natural and synthetic fibres, they can be combined in the same matrix to produce hybrid composites that take full advantage of the best properties of the constituents. Hybrid composites offers a attractive mode for fabricating products with reduced cost, high specific modulus, strength, corrosion resistance and in many cases excellent thermal stability.

Fibres used in composite makingSisal• Sisal Fiber is exceptionally

durable with a low maintenance with minimal wear and tear.

• It is Recyclable.• Sisal fibers are Anti-static,

does not attract or trap dust particles and does not absorb moisture or water easily.

• It exhibits good sound and impact absorbing properties.

• Its leaves can be treated with natural borax for fire resistance properties

Carbon• Highly chemically resistant.• Low specific gravity.• High specific tensile

strength.• High specific elastic

modulus.• Electrical conductivity.• Heat resistance• Low thermal expansion

coefficient.• Chemical stability.• Self-lubrication property.• High heat conductivity.

Jute• 100% bio-degradable and

recyclable and thus environmentally friendly.

• Jute is a natural fibre with golden and silky shine and hence called The Golden Fibre.

• Jute is the cheapest vegetable fibre .

• It is the second most important vegetable fibre after cotton, in terms of usage, global consumption, production, and availability.

• It has high tensile strength, low extensibility, and ensures better breathability of fabrics.

Chemical composition of fibre used Sisal

JuteCellulose 65%

Hemicelluloses 12%

Lignin 9.9%

Waxes 2%

Total 100%

Cellulose 65.2 %

Hemicelluloses 22.2%

Lignin 12.5%

Water Soluble Matter

1.5 %

Waxes 0.6 %

Total 100%

Application of fibres• Sisal• Sisal is used commonly in the

shipping industry for mooring small craft, lashing, and handling cargo.

• It is also surprisingly used as the fibre core of the steel wire cables of elevators, being used for lubrication and flexibility purposes.

• It is used in automobile industry with fiberglass in composite materials.

• Other products developed from sisal fiber include spa products, cat scratching posts, lumbar support belts, rugs, slippers, cloths and disc buffers.

• Sisal is used by itself in carpets or in blends with wool and acrylic for a softer hand.

• Carbon INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS

• Automobiles• Bicycles• Motorcycles• Cars and containers• Machinery parts• High-speed rotors• Electronic parts• Pressure vessels• Chemical equipment• Medical equipment• Office equipment• Precision equipment• Corrosion resistant equipment

SPORT AEROSPACE

• Fishing equipment Aircraft• Golf clubs Rockets• Rackets Satellites• Marine

• Jute• Jute is used chiefly to make cloth

for wrapping bales of raw cotton, and to make sacks and coarse cloth.

• The fibres are also woven into curtains, chair coverings, carpets, area rugs, hessian cloth, and backing for linoleum

• Jute can be used to create a number of fabrics such as Hessian cloth, sacking, scrim, carpet backing cloth (CBC), and canvas.

• Hessian, lighter than sacking, is used for bags, wrappers, wall-coverings, upholstery, and home furnishings.

• Jute is also used in the making of ghillie suits which are used as camouflage and resemble grasses or brush.

• Another diversified jute product is Geotextiles, which made this agricultural commodity more popular in the agricultural sector.

Construction of Composites

Research objective• Natural fibre as well as man made fibre to prepare hybrid

composite to study the best possible composition of fibre ratio which gives better properties.• Chemical modification technique to modify natural as well as

man made fibre surface by coupling agent called Silane.• Studied various Mechanical and Chemical properties of Hybrid

Composites.• The first and most important objective was to make

composite using carbon fibre along with natural fibre by surface modification and obtain composite that has competitive properties by reducing its carbon content as it is expensive and its use causes carcinogenic whereas natural fibres are eco-friendly as well as abundantly available and its cheapest too.

Material and chemicalsMaterial and Chemicals

Function Grade Supplier

Carbon fibre Reinforcement material - Kemrock Industries Limited, Vaodara.Sisal Fibre Reinforcement material Obtained from SeniorJute Fibre Reinforcement material Institute of Jute Technology, CalcuttaSilane XIAMETER OFS 6011 Coupling Agent - Dow Corning Chemicals Ltd.

Epoxy Lapox L 12 Resin - Atul Ltd.Hardener K6 Hardener - Atul Ltd.Ethanol Silane Application AR Jebsen & Jessen GmbH & Company.Ethyl Acetate Silane Application AR SD Fine Chemicals Ltd.Sodium carbonate Chemical Testing AR SD Fine Chemicals LimitedAcetic acid Pure Chemical Testing AR SD Fine Chemicals Limited.Toluene Chemical Testing AR Himedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd.Carbon tetrachloride Chemical Testing AR SD Fine Chemicals Limited.Hydrochloric acid Chemical Testing AR SD Fine Chemicals Limited.Nitric acid Chemical Testing LR SD Fine Chemicals Limited.Benzene Extrapure Chemical Testing AR SD Fine Chemicals Limited.

PART – I Preparation of sisal/Carbon

Composites

Experimental methodsSurface modification of Sisal Fibre

Chopped sisal fibre is treated with distilled water for 24 hrs to remove surface impurities

NaoH TreatmentTreated with 5% NaOH (on weight of fibres) at a temperature 50° C for 1 hour. Washed multiple times to remove remaining sodium hydroxide. After washing, treated fibres were neutralized with acetic acid to get a final pH of 7 and dried at temperature 80°C for 6 hours.

Silane TreatmentThis NaOH treated Sisal fibres were subsequently treated with 5% (on weight of fibre) 3 amino propyl triethoxy silane which was made in ethanol: water mixture in the ratio of 80:20. This was followed by curing at 110°C in hot air oven for 60 minutes.

Cont.….• Surface Modification of Carbon Fibre

Chopped carbon fibres were dried at 110°C for 45 minutes to remove any solvent present on the surface of fibre.

Silane TreatmentThen carbon fibres were subsequently treated with 3 amino propyl triethoxy Silane from Ethyl Acetate: Water in the ratio of 80:20. This was followed by curing in an oven at 110° C for 12 hours.

Cont.…

Mould of size of size 180mm x 180mm x 3mm

used for fabrication of composite

The fibres for hybrid reinforced composite were taken in the ratio

of 100: 0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 0:100 of sisal: carbon

respectively.

The required amount of Epoxy (Lapox L 12) resin and 10 % hardener (K 6) mixture taken

and poured uniformly on fibres manually.

The mould was left for 1 hour at temperature of

120°C for curing of composite in Compression

moulding machine.

Cont.…• Silane Treatment

3-Amino propyltriethoxy Silane Water Silanol Alcohol

Silanol Water Cellulose Bonding with Cellulose Water

Cont.….

Result and discussion• Tensile strength

Effect of Silane Treatment on Tensile Strength of Sisal: Carbon Hybrid Composites.

SR no

CompositionSisal : Carbon

Tensile strength (MPa) Silane Untreated composites

Tensile strength (MPa) Silane

Treated composites

1 Matrix 24.42 24.422 100:0 (A) 28.16 36.73 90:10 (B) 35.45 41.654 80:20 (C) 43.3 50.45 70:30 (D) 54.85 60.556 60:40 (E) 69.8 73.17 0:100 (F) 122.53 124.95

Cont.….• Tensile Strength

Effect of Silane Treatment on Tensile Strength of Sisal: Carbon hybrid Composites.

(A) (B) (C ) (D) ( E) (F )20

40

60

80

100

120

Silane Untreated Silane Treated

Fibre Composition

Ten

sile

stre

ngth

(MPa

)

Cont.…• Tensile Modulus

Effect of Silane Treatment on Tensile Modulus of Sisal: Carbon Hybrid Composites

Sr. No. CompositionSisal : Carbon

Tensile Modulus (GPa) Silane Untreated Composites

Tensile Modulus (GPa) Silane Treated Composites

1 Matrix 0.883 0.8832 100:0 (A) 1.42 1.963 90:10 (B) 1.67 1.994 80:20 (C) 1.95 2.175 70:30 (D) 2.28 2.566 60:40 (E) 2.52 2.757 0:100 (F) 2.98 3.26

Cont.….• Tensile Modulus

Effect of Silane Treatment on Tensile Modulus of Sisal: Carbon hybrid Composites.

(A) (B) (C ) (D) ( E) (F )0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Silane UntreatedSilane Treated

Fibre Composition

Ten

sile

Mod

ulus

(GPa

)

Cont…• Flexural Strength

Effect of Silane treatment on Flexural Strength of Sisal: Carbon Hybrid Composites

SR No. CompositionSisal : Carbon

Flexural Strength (MPa) Silane

Untreated Composites

Flexural Strength (MPa) Silane Treated

Composites

1 Matrix 58.11 58.112 100:0 (A) 64.87 68.783 90:10 (B) 71.34 77.894 80:20 (C) 82.41 91.315 70:30 (D) 96.55 104.146 60:40 (E) 121.53 130.537 0:100 (F) 178.66 182.45

Cont…• Flexural Strength

Effect of Silane treatment on Flexural Strength of Sisal: Carbon Hybrid Composites.

(A) (B) (C ) (D) ( E) (F )0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Silane Untreated

Silane Treated

Fibre Composition

Fle

xura

l Str

engt

h (M

Pa)

Cont.…• Izod Impact Test

Effect of Silane treatment on Izod impact strength of Sisal: carbon composites.

SR no CompositionSisal : Carbon

Impact (J/m2) of Silane Untreated Composites

Impact (J/m2) of Silane Treated Composites

1 Matrix 216 2162 100:0 (A) 290 2983 90:10 (B) 309 3214 80:20 (C) 322 3385 70:30 (D) 378 4026 60:40 (E) 395 4437 0:100 (F) 410 505

Cont.….• Izod Impact Test

Effect of Silane Treatment on Izod Impact Strength of Sisal: carbon Composites.

(A) (B) (C ) (D) ( E) (F )200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Silane Untreated Silane Teated

Fibre Composition

Impa

ct st

reng

th J

/m2

Cont.….• Chemical Resistance Test

Effect of Silane Treatment on Chemical Resistance of Treated Sisal: Carbon Hybrid Composites.

Composition Chemicals

Sisal: Carbon

Toluene

Benzene CCl4 H2O CH3COOH8 %

HCL10%

NaOH10%

Na2CO3

20 %

Matrix 0.0041 0.0054 0.0049 0.0008 0.0043 0.0028 0.0024 0.0029

100:0 0.0114 0.0288 0.0218 0.0352 0.0415 0.0480 0.0301 0.041090:10 0.0252 0.0147 0.0257 0.0322 0.0345 0.0556 0.0213 0.031980:20 0.0093 0.0116 0.0194 0.0148 0.0625 0.0287 0.0692 0.036570:30 0.0173 0.0091 0.0094 0.0160 0.0410 0.0298 0.0447 0.042060:40 0.0073 0.0086 0.0115 0.0098 0.0209 0.0223 0.0231 0.02230:100 0.0061 0.0027 0.0026 0.0016 0.0023 0.0036 0.0039 0.0048


Effect of Silane Treatment on Chemical Resistance of Untreated Sisal: Carbon Hybrid Composites.


Sisal: Carbon

Toluene


HCL10%

NaOH10%

Na2CO3

20 %

Matrix 0.0041 0.0054 0.0049 0.0008 0.0043 0.0028 0.0024 0.0029

100:0 0.0092 0.0410 0.0157 0.0097 0.0316 0.0350 0.0276 0.017290:10 0.0159 0.0548 0.0208 0.0056 0.0193 0.0430 0.0196 0.013480:20 0.0063 0.0430 0.0019 0.0054 0.0213 0.0307 0.0224 0.019270:30 0.0097 0.0933 0.0115 0.0042 0.0186 0.0144 0.0147 0.013360:40 0.0068 0.0508 0.0174 0.0040 0.0128 0.0264 0.0119 0.01690:100 0.0079 0.0072 0.0054 0.0033 0.0061 0.0035 0.0049 0.0091

Cont.….• Water Absorbency Test

Effect of Silane Treatment on Water Absorbency Treated Sisal: Carbon Hybrid Composites.

Composition Hours

Sisal: Carbon Initial Weight

24 Hrs 48 Hrs 72 Hrs 96 Hrs 120 Hrs 144 Hrs

Matrix0.59 0.918 0.92 0.922 0.922 0.924 0.923

100:00.485 0.743 0.8 0.803 0.811 0.814 0.813

90:100.498 0.799 0.825 0.826 0.834 0.839 0.84

80:200.43 0.677 0.696 0.697 0.703 0.706 0.705

70:300.462 0.725 0.752 0.744 0.756 0.755 0.754

60:400.822 1.278 1.297 1.299 1.305 1.311 1.309

0:1000.767 1.179 1.198 1.198 1.201 1.201 1.203


Effect of Silane Treatment on Water Absorbency Untreated Sisal: Carbon Hybrid Composites.

Composition Hours

Sisal: Carbon Initial Weight

24 Hrs 48 Hrs 72 Hrs 96 Hrs 120 Hrs 144 Hrs

Matrix 0.59 0.918 0.92 0.922 0.922 0.924 0.923100:0 0.625 1.019 1.032 1.031 1.042 1.049 1.04890:10 0.538 0.876 0.885 0.885 0.896 0.899 0.89780:20 0.795 1.278 1.276 1.286 1.295 1.302 1.370:30 0.732 1.175 1.182 1.181 1.187 1.189 1.19160:40 0.763 1.22 1.225 1.227 1.232 1.24 1.2410:100 1.111 1.739 1.737 1.748 1.749 1.745 1.747

Cont.….• Shor D Hardness Test

Effect of Silane Treatment on Hardness of Treated and Untreated Sisal: Carbon Hybrid Composites

SR No.

CompositionSisal : Carbon

Shore D Hardness of Silane Untreated composites

Shore D Hardness of Silane Treated composites

1 Matrix(A) 76 762 100:0 (B) 79 813 90:10 (C) 77 814 80:20 (D) 79 825 70:30 (E) 81 836 60:40 (F) 82 837 0:100 (G) 85 86

cOnt….• Shor D Hardness Test

Effect of Silane Treatment on Hardness of Treated and Untreated Sisal: Carbon Hybrid Composites.

(A) (B) (C ) (D) (E ) (F) (G)75

77

79

81

83

85

87

89

Shore D Hardness


Composition

Hardeness

Cont.….• TGA analysis

TGA of Sisal: Carbon Hybrid Composites

SR No. CompositionSisal : Carbon

Mid-point in OC

1 Matrix 375.62 Silane untreated 100:0 337.253 Silane treated 100:0 364.954 Silane untreated 60:40 373.615 Silane treated 60:40 386.796 Silane untreated 0:100 387.407 Silane treated 0:100 395.98

Cont….• TGA Analysis

TGA of Silane treated and untreated Sisal: Carbon Fibre Hybrid Composites.

PART – II Preparation of Jute/Carbon

Composites

Experimental methodsSurface modification of Sisal Fibre

Jute fibre is treated with distilled water for 24 hrs to remove surface impurities.

NaoH TreatmentTreated with 5% NaOH (on weight of fibres) at room temperature for 4 hour. Washed multiple times to remove remaining sodium hydroxide. After washing, treated fibres were neutralized with acetic acid to get a final pH of 7 and dried at temperature 80°C for 6 hours.

Silane TreatmentThis NaOH treated Jute fibres were subsequently treated with 5% (on weight of fibre) 3 amino propyl triethoxy silane which was made in ethanol: water mixture in the ratio of 80:20. This was followed by curing at 110°C in hot air oven for 60 minutes.

Cont.….• Surface Modification of Carbon Fibre

Chopped carbon fibres were dried at 110°C for 45 minutes to remove any solvent present on the surface of fibre.

Silane TreatmentThen carbon fibres were subsequently treated with 3 amino propyl triethoxy Silane from Ethyl Acetate: Water in the ratio of 80:20. This was followed by curing in an oven at 110° C for 12 hours.

Cont.…

Mould of size of size 180mm x 180mm x 3mm

used for fabrication of composite

The fibres for hybrid reinforced composite were taken in the ratio

of 100: 0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 0:100 of Jute: carbon

respectively.

The required amount of Epoxy (Lapox L 12) resin and 10 % hardener (K 6) mixture taken

and poured uniformly on fibres manually.

The mould was left for 1 hour at temperature of

120°C for curing of composite in Compression

moulding machine.

Cont.….

Result and discussion• Tensile Strength

Effect of Silane Treatment on Tensile Strength of Jute: Carbon Hybrid Composites.

SR No.

CompositionJute : Carbon

Tensile strength (MPa) Silane Untreated Composites

Tensile strength (MPa) Silane Treated Composites

1 Matrix 24.42 24.422 100:0 (A) 26.95 31.33 90:10 (B) 32.18 38.154 80:20 (C) 40.75 45.925 70:30 (D) 51.78 57.376 60:40 (E) 61.84 69.247 0:100 (F) 122.53 124.95

Cont.…• Tensile Strength

Effect of Silane Treatment on Tensile Strength of Jute: Carbon Hybrid Composites.

(A) (B) (C ) (D) ( E) (F )20

40

60

80

100

120


Fibre Composition

Ten

sile

stre

ngth

(MPa

)


Effect of Silane Treatment on Tensile Modulus of Jute: Carbon Hybrid Composites.

SR No. CompositionJute : Carbon

Tensile modulus (GPa) Silane Untreated composites

Tensile Modulus (GPa) Silane Treated composites

1 Matrix 0.883 0.8832 100:0 (A) 1.31 1.763 90:10 (B) 1.4 1.814 80:20 (C) 1.56 1.925 70:30 (D) 1.64 2.096 60:40 (E) 1.79 2.267 0:100 (F) 2.98 3.26


Effect of Silane Treatment on tensile Modulus of Jute: Carbon Hybrid Composites

(A) (B) (C ) (D) ( E) (F )0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Silane UntreatedSilane Treated

Fibre Composition

Ten

sile

Mod

ulus

(GPa

)

Cont.….• Flexural Strength

Effect of Silane Treatment on Flexural Strength of Jute: Carbon Hybrid Composites

SR No.


Flexural Strength (MPa) Silane Untreated composites

Flexural Strength (MPa) Silane Treated composites

1 Matrix 58.11 58.112 100:0 (A) 61.85 65.233 90:10 (B) 69.54 74.144 80:20 (C) 81.46 87.585 70:30 (D) 91.87 99.936 60:40 (E) 113.39 122.127 0:100 (F) 178.66 182.45

Cont.….• Flexural Strength

Effect of Silane Treatment on Flexural Strength of Jute: Carbon Hybrid Composites

(A) (B) (C ) (D) ( E) (F )0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Silane Untreated

Silane Treated

Fibre Composition

Fle

xura

l Str

engt

h (M

Pa)

Cont.…• Izod Impact Test

Effect of Silane Treatment on Izod Impact Strength of Jute: Carbon Hybrid Composites

SR no CompositionJute : Carbon

Impact (J/m2) of Silane Untreated composites

Impact (J/m2) of Silane treated composites

1 Matrix 216 2162 100:0 (A) 255 2613 90:10 (B) 298 3144 80:20 (C) 305 3225 70:30 (D) 326 3476 60:40 (E) 351 3737 0:100 (F) 410 505

Cont…• Izod Impact Test

Effect of Silane treatment on Izod Impact Strength of Jute: Carbon Composites

(A) (B) (C ) (D) ( E) (F )200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Silane Untreated Silane Teated

Composition

Impa

ct st

reng

th J

/m2

Cont….• Chemical Resistance Test

Effect of Silane Treatment on Chemical Resistance of Treated Jute: Carbon Hybrid Composites


Sisal: Carbon Toluene


HCL10%

NaOH10%

Na2CO3

20 %Matrix 0.0041 0.0054 0.0049 0.0008 0.0043 0.0028 0.0024 0.0029

100:0 0.0063 0.0103 0.0186 0.0046 0.0179 0.0129 0.0193 0.012190:10 0.0014 0.0078 0.0114 0.0120 0.0196 0.0158 0.0165 0.020980:20 0.0107 0.0058 0.0136 0.0074 0.0218 0.0228 0.0160 0.023170:30

0.0024 0.0014 0.0103 0.0061 0.0137 0.0193 0.0137 0.006860:40 0.0029 0.0040 0.0044 0.0088 0.0150 0.0125 0.0134 0.00590:100 0.0061 0.0027 0.0026 0.0016 0.0023 0.0036 0.0039 0.0048


Effect of Silane treatment on Chemical Resistance of Untreated Jute: Carbon Hybrid Composites


Sisal: Carbon

Toluene


HCL10%

NaOH10%

Na2CO3

20 %

Matrix 0.0041 0.0054 0.0049 0.0008

0.0043 0.0028 0.0024 0.0029

100:00.0208 0.0551 0.0123

0.0237 0.0220 0.0199 0.0189 0.0336

90:100.0126 0.0498 0.0125

0.0193 0.0164 0.0103 0.0185 0.2110

80:200.0154 0.0458 0.0173

0.0167 0.0139 0.0125 0.0183 0.0189

70:300.0131 0.0352 0.0185

0.0175 0.0122 0.0175 0.1086 0.0157

60:400.0125 0.0226 0.1031

0.0160 0.0116 0.0085 0.0107 0.0118

0:100 0.0079 0.0072 0.0054 0.0033

0.0061 0.0035 0.0049 0.0091


Effect of Silane treatment on Water Absorbency Treated Jute: Carbon hybrid Composites

Composition Hours

Jute: Carbon Initial Weight

24 Hrs 48 Hrs 72 Hrs 96 Hrs 120 Hrs

144 Hrs

Matrix 0.59 0.918 0.92 0.922 0.922 0.924 0.923100:0 0.462 0.703 0.735 0.737 0.738 0.741 0.74190:10 0.399 0.645 0.647 0.649 0.655 0.656 0.65580:20 0.502 0.798 0.803 0.806 0.812 0.814 0.81670:30 0.651 1.03 1.302 1.035 1.038 1.4 1.03960:40 0.749 1.181 1.183 1.184 1.188 1.191 1.1930:100 0.767 1.179 1.198 1.198 1.201 1.201 1.203

Cont.…• Water Absorbency Test

Effect of Silane treatment on Water Absorbency Untreated Jute: Carbon Hybrid Composites

Composition Hours

Jute: Carbon

Initial Weight

24 Hrs 48 Hrs 72 Hrs 96 Hrs 120 Hrs

144 Hrs

Matrix 0.59 0.918 0.92 0.922 0.922 0.924 0.923100:0 0.659 1.049 1.052 1.054 1.059 1.063 1.06290:10 0.812 1.278 1.29 1.293 1.3 1.301 1.30380:20 0.668 1.031 1.038 1.038 1.039 1.4 1.04270:30 0.672 1.052 1.06 1.059 1.063 1.065 1.06360:40 0.727 1.149 1.151 1.153 1.155 1.158 1.1590:100 1.111 1.739 1.737 1.748 1.749 1.745 1.745


Effect of Silane Treatment on Hardness of Treated and Untreated Jute: Carbon Hybrid Composites

SR No.


Shore D Hardness of Silane Untreated composites

Shore D Hardness of Silane Treated composites

1 Matrix (A) 76 762 100:0 (B) 81 813 90:10 (C) 80 814 80:20 (D) 80 825 70:30 (E) 82 836 60:40 (F) 82 847 0:100 (G) 85 86


Effect of Silane Treatment on Hardness of Treated and Untreated Jute: Carbon Hybrid Composites

(A) (B) (C ) (D) (E ) (F) (G)75

77

79

81

83

85

87

89

Shore D Hardness


Composition

Hardeness

Cont….• TGA Analysis

TGA of Jute: Carbon Hybrid Composites

SR No. CompositionJute : Carbon

Mid-point in OC

1 Matrix 375.62 Silane untreated 100:0 341.713 Silane treated 100:0 360.154 Silane untreated 60:40 334.585 Silane treated 60:40 378.346 Silane untreated 0:100 387.407 Silane treated 0:100 395.98

Cont.….• TGA Analysis

TGA of Silane treated and untreated Jute: Carbon Fibres Hybrid Composites.

Summary and conclusion• Alkali treated along with Silane treated and untreated fibres hybrid composite was

prepared and all the types of physical and chemical properties studied.

• Chemical modification using Silane as a coupling agent shows better improvement in properties of both Sisal/carbon and Jute/Carbon Hybrid composite as well as in Carbon Composite also.

• All the Silane treated composite shown better performance than untreated composite.

• Performance properties of composite having various application in textile and non textile.

• Silane has an added advantage both physical and chemical properties enhancement.

Scope for further work• In today’s world, composite is the most emerging field of material

science.• Different manufacturing techniques can be used for making hybrid

composites and the properties like micro structure, electric properties and weather resistant properties of composites need to be studied according to end use of composite.• Different fiber modification techniques (Physical or Chemical) can

be used to improve its mechanical as well as chemical properties.• Various natural fibers which are bio degradable and abundantly

available can be used as reinforcement material with man made fibers with various types of thermoset and thermoplastic resins.• Composite formed can be utilised for structural applications, for

making bumper of vehicles and inner paneling of vehicles and dashboards. It can help to improve rural economy.

acknowledgement• My research supervisor Prof. (Dr.) R.V.Adivarekar• Prof. (Dr.) M. D. Teli• Prof. (Dr.) S. R. Shukla• Dr. Usha Sayed• Prof. (Dr.) R. D. Kale• Dr. S. S Pariti• Prof. (Dr.) R.N.Jagtap• My Family• My lab mates• Other labs• My friends Juniors and Seniors• Non teaching staff

Thank You

studies in fibre reinforced composites

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