studio design safety

7/31/2019 Studio Design Safety

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Module UO8886

School of Technology

Studio Design - Safety


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My Background

Simon Williamson, Freelance Broadcast Engineer

www.crashrecordtv.co.uk

Email : [email protected]

Operations Supervisor, ITV Central News (Abingdon)

Senior Engineer at BBC TV (London)

BSc Electronic & Electrical Engineering (Birmingham University)

Operational Engineering experience in News, Studios & Facilities
http://www.crashrecordtv.co.uk/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.crashrecordtv.co.uk/


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Topics for today

Importance of Safety

Working with Electricity

Overload and Fail-safe Protection

Portable Appliance Testing

Safety in the Studio Manual Handling Awareness

Risk Assessment

In the workplace

On location

Practical Exercise


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The Importance of Safety at Work

Some facts about safety in the UK workplace

250 people lose their lives at work every year

Around 156,000 non-fatal injuries are reported each year

An estimated 2.3 million people suffer from ill health caused or madeworse by work

So what is health and safety all about? Its about preventing peoplefrom being harmed by work or becoming ill by taking the rightprecautions - and providing a satisfactory working environment.

Because health and safety at work is so important, there are ruleswhich require all of us not to put ourselves or others in danger. The lawis also there to protect the public from workplace dangers.


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Health & Safety Executive (HSE)

Health and Safety legislation applies to all businesses, however small;also to the self-employed and to employees.

Who enforces health and safety law?

Inspectors from the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) or the Local

Authority. HSE deals with factories, farms and building sites, whereasLocal Authorities deal with offices, shops, hotels and catering, andleisure activities.

HSE Inspectors visit workplaces to check that people are sticking to therules. They investigate some accidents and complaints but mainly theyhelp businesses understand what they need to do. They enforce onlywhen something is seriously wrong.


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Safety Issues in the Workplace

1. Tripping / Slipping hazards e.g. wet floors, trailing cables

2. Hazardous substances e.g. cleaning chemicals, dust, fumes

3. Working at heights, on ladders, scaffolding or ledges

4. Manual Handling

5. Working with computer (screens)

6. Noisy environments

7. Working with Electricity

8. Working near or with flammable materials

9. Working with machinery e.g. power saws, drills, etc

10.Stressful environments

Ive named tencan you come up with any more?


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Working with Electricity

Electricity can kill. Each year about 1000 accidents at work involvingelectric shock or burns are reported to the Health and Safety Executive(HSE). Around 30 of these are fatal. Most of these fatalities arise fromcontact with overhead or underground power cables. A current as lowas 30mA, at 230volts, has the potential to be fatal.

Even non-fatal shocks can cause severe and permanent injury. Shocksfrom faulty equipment may lead to falls from ladders, scaffolds or otherwork platforms.

Those using electricity may not be the only ones at risk: poor electrical

installations and faulty electrical appliances can lead to fires which mayalso cause death or injury to others. Most of these accidents can beavoided by careful planning and straightforward precautions.


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Reducing Electrical Risks

Ensure the electrical installation is safe

e.g. appropriate wiring, sockets not overloaded, etc.

Work with suitable equipment

e.g. use hydraulic or hand-powered tools in harsh environments, haveemergency switch-off at close proximity, etc.

Reduce the voltage, if possible

e.g. battery-operated tools, lighting run at 12/25/50 volts, etc.

Use a safety device, such as an RCD

Residual Current Devices can detect faulty wiring, and should beconnected at the earliest point in the supply.

Work safely i.e. make others aware of electrical hazards

Carry out preventative maintenance

e.g. regular visual inspection and testing of installations.


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Overload Protection

Fuses

A piece of wire which melts at a specified current, thereby breaking the supply tothe load. Usually designed to pass an overload for a few seconds. Forexample, a 10A fuse could probably pass 20A for 3-4 seconds before blowing.

Certain pieces of equipment are prone to drawing large switch-on currents,

e.g. old style TV Monitors. Using Anti-Surge fuses will let this current pass, butwill rupture if it is prolonged.


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Overload Protection cont.

MCBs (Miniature Circuit Breakers)

These are switches which automatically open when the current exceeds somespecified limit. Very common in modern domestic supplies. They can bemagnetically or thermally controlled.


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Device Protection

There are three basic methods of protecting users from shock whenusing electrical equipment.

Direct Earthing (Class I devices)

All exposed metalwork of the equipment is connected to earth, via thegreen/yellow wire in the triple core mains cable. If the line supply

comes into contact with this metalwork, the current will be large enoughto blow the fuse and isolate the equipment.

Double Insulation (Class II devices)

Two independent layers of insulation are provided between the userand the supply conductors (the mains cable can be twin core). One ofthese layers is often just air.

Supply at Low Voltage (Class III devices)

Uses a transformer to step-down the voltage to


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Residual Current Devices (RCDs)

A Residual Current Device (RCD) uses an electronic circuit to detect even thesmallest imbalance between the live and neutral conductors and if it reaches atrigger level, disconnects the circuit. This disconnect is in the order ofmilliseconds and RCDs can be specified to sense fault levels as low as 5mA(typically 30mA). In modern electrical circuits many devices contain filteringcircuits for EMC compliance, some of these circuits contain deliberate "Earth

Leakage" leading to nuisance trips of RCDs.


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Portable Appliance Testing (PAT)

This type of testing is carried out on new equipment purchased byorganisations, or on hired-in equipment and individual mains leads.

Visual InspectionIdentify signs of overheating. Internal inspection; cord security, polarity,

connections. If non-rewirable plug; cord security, burning odours.Correct size fuse fitted. Security of plug cover

Earth Continuity Test

For Class I devices. Typically several amps are passed around theearth path to measure resistive continuity. Should be


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PAT cont.

Insulation Test

Typically 500volts passed across the line supply wire and theequipment earth system. Should measure >1M for Class I and >2Mfor Class II equipment

Optional TestsFlash Test:No flashover or breakdown shall occur

Operation/Load test:Compare reading with stated details on nameplate

Earth leakage test:Class 1 Handheld Appliances 0.75mA

Other Class 1 Appliances 3.5mAClass 2 Appliances 0.25mA


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Safety in the Studio

A typical TV Studio will have a number of potential risks and hazards

Cable runs

Electrical Supplies

Camera Pedestals

Robotic Camera mounts

Lighting Grid

Slung Equipment


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TV News Studio


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Studio Wallbox


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Camera Pedestal


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Lighting Grid


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Slung Monitor


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Manual Handling Awareness


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Manual Handling Awareness

Manual Handling is becoming anissue in a lot of organisations whichhave significantly reduced staffnumbers; employees working aloneoften risk injury through lifting heavyitems which are beyond their limits.

And often the organisation has notinvested in suitable equipment tomake handling/lifting easier.

Diagram illustrates safe weights

which could be lifted by a fit male, atdifferent body positions. Guidepurposes only, every individual willbe different.


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Risky Handling situations

Lifting from the floor. Lifting above head height.

Moving items with arms away from the body.

Working in cold, hot, greasy, humid environments.

Repetitive lifting and carrying.

Twisting and awkward body posture.

Handling loads that are awkward or difficult to hold.

Working on uneven surfaces.

Need to assess the movements and effort needed to carry out the task,and the individual capabilities of the operative. Does the environment

affect things? How much recovery period is allowed?

Are the movements unavoidable?


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Manual Handling Controls

Mechanical aids.e.g. hoists, lifts, etc

Improving the tasks.

Job rotation.

Redesign of the workstation.

Smaller, more manageable loads.

Improved manual handling training.


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Risk Assessment

Most Risk Assessments can be broken down into 3 Sub-headings,leading to 2 Outcomes and an overall assessment of Risk.

What Hazards can be observed?

Who is at risk?

What Controls can be put in place?

The outcomes are the Severity of the Risk and the Likelihood of ithappening.this leads to an Overall Risk Factor.

These outcomes are graded LOW, MEDIUM and HIGH.


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Risk Table

Severity

Low Med High

MR HR HR

MR MR HR

LR LR LR

High

Med

Low

Likelihood


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Example Workplace Risk Assessment

Hazards &Observations

At Risk Controls Severity Likelihood Overall Risk

Electricity(GeneralMaintenance)

Staff 1.Only usecompetentstaff.

2.Techmanualsavailable.

3.No loneworking.

4.Protectivedevices as

appropriate.

5.Signage.

HIGH LOW LOW


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Example Location Risk Assessment



Filming onboats

Staff &Crew

1.Suitable safecraft.

2.Competentcrew.

3.Goodcommunication

HIGH LOW LOW

Drowning Staff &Crew

1.Emergencyprocedures.

2.Work awayfrom edges.

HIGH LOW LOW


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Blank Risk Assessment Form




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Covering Fires

As with other disasters the potential risks from major fire situations may include:

Risks from the fire itself.

Secondary explosions (e.g.: factory premises).

Smoke or hazardous fumes.

Buildings collapsing.

Emergency vehicles or heavy rescue machinery. As with other disasters, advice must be taken from the emergency services

regarding safe vantage points, safe distances, protective equipment required.

When covering such incidents fluorescent jackets must be worn by all crewmembers.

Thought must be given to safe filming positions in terms of the risks from

emergency vehicles attending the scene. Crews must keep in regular contact with the relevant news desk and inform

them of any changes in plan, latest advice from the emergency services etc.


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Riot/Civil Disturbance Risk Assessment Form

Hazards &

Observations


Assault Crew(cameraman mostat risk)

1.Experiencedteam

2.Ongoingassessment

3.Safe

vantage points

4.No singleworking

5.Suitableclothing

6.Take advicefromauthorities

7.Plan escaperoutes

HIGH LOW LOW


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Riot/Civil Disturbance cont.

Hazards &

Observations


Assault and/orrobbery

Crew 1.As perprevious sheet

2.Allow theftto minimiseharm to crew

3.Use discretefilmingtechniques

HIGH LOW MEDIUM

PsychologicalStress

Crew 1.Havecounsellingservices

available

MEDIUM LOW LOW

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