Study Guide

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The following slide has all the flash cards you must know for the STAAR.

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Flash Cards I Must Know!!!!

• Yorktown• Patrick Henry• Saratoga• Declaration of Independence• Thomas Paine• Boston Tea Party• Thomas Jefferson• Lexington and Concord• George Washington• Treaty of Paris• Abigail Adams• Taxation without representation• Benjamin Franklin• Proclamation Line of 1763

• John Marshall• Alexander Hamilton• Unconstitutional• McCulloch v. Maryland• Gibbons v. Ogden• Marbury V. Madison• Monroe Doctrine• War of 1812• Law of Supply and Demand• Free Enterprise• Embargo Act• Dred Scott v. Sanford• Emancipation Proclamation• Sojourner Truth• 13th Amendment• 14th Amendment• 15th Amendment• Daniel Webster• 1861-1865• Abraham Lincoln• Reform (age of)• Abolitionist movement• Fort Sumter• Appomattox Courthouse• Fredrick Douglas• Elizabeth Cady Stanton• Battle of Gettysburg and Address• Harriet Beecher Stowe• Lincoln-Douglas Debates• Compromise of 1850

• Federalism• Checks and Balances• Due process• Executive Branch• Legislative Branch• Judicial Branch• Democracy• Republic• George Mason• Separation of Powers• Bill of Rights• Three-Fifths Compromise• James Madison• Federalist• Great Compromise• Articles of Confederation• Amendment• 1787

• Missouri Compromise of 1820• Lowell System• U.S. – Mexican War• Manifest Destiny• Industrial Revolution• 1803• Cotton Gin• Andrew Jackson• Texas Annexation• Mexican cession• Indian Removal Act• Oregon Territory• Gadsden Purchase• Nullification Ordinance• Internal Improvements• John C. Calhoun• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo• Virginia House of Burgesses• John Smith• Mayflower Compact• Albany Plan of Union• John Locke• William Penn• 1607• Middle Colonies• New England Colonies• Southern Colonies

Page 245 ReviewQUOTES

  

Colonial Era William Penn Pennsylvania… “a holy

experiment” 

Revolutionary Period Patrick Henry “Give me

liberty or give me death.”

 Thomas Paine Common

Sense The

American Crisis #1 “These are the times that try men’s souls.”

 Declaration of “We hold these

truths to Independence truths to be self-

evident that all men are created equal…”

  

Important Amendments: 1st freedom of Speech,

Religion, to assemble (meet), to address (petition) the

govt, and of the press.

2nd right to bear arms

5th innocent until proven guilty (Due

Process)

Double Jeopardy, don’t have to

testify against yourself, property can’t be

taken away without compensation.

10th any power not granted to the federal

government belongs to the States or to the

people.

13th Abolished Slavery throughout the nation.

14th Gave rights of citizenship to all

persons born in the U. S.

15th Forbade states from denying African-American males the right to Vote.

  

  

QUOTES – continuedEarly Republic

 Preamble to “We, the people of the Unitedthe States, in order to form a more Constitution perfect Union,…” George Farewell Address – Washington “…steer clear of permanent

alliances…” and political factions Daniel “Liberty and union,

now andWebster forever, one and

inseparable!” Response to southern opposition to the nullification crisis (1830), Congressional Debates, 21 Congress, 1st session. 1830

 Daniel “There can be no

such thing as a Webster peaceable secession…” Slavery

Debates in Congress led to the Compromise of 1850

 Abraham Nomination speech Lincoln “A house divided

against itself cannot stand.”

 Abraham 2nd Inaugural

Speech Lincoln “With malice toward

none; with charity for all;…”

 Abraham Gettysburg Address Lincoln “…government of

the people, by the people, and for the people,shall not perish from theearth.”

  

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & INVENTIONS

  Bifocals – Ben FranklinCotton Gin - Eli Whitney (1793); increased slaverySteamboat – Robert Fulton (1807); ClermontLowell System – employed women in textile factoriesRhode Island System – employed children in textilefactories (1791)Steam-driven train – Peter Cooper;Tom ThumbErie Canal – De Witt Clinton (1825) reduced shipping costs Steel Plow – John Deere; light-weight; cut tough sodMechanical reaper – Cyrus McCormick (1848); cut grain 28x faster; made Central Plains “bread basket”(1860s)  

SUPREME COURT/Constitution Judicial Review - Constitutional principle that gives the Supreme Court the authority to declare executive actions and legislative laws unconstitutional. Part of checks and balances.Marbury v. Madison – 1st judgment by Supreme Court to strengthen principle of judicial review, the power of judiciary to declare a law unconstitutional. (1803)Dred Scott v. Sanford – Denied slaves the right of citizenship. (1857)“necessary and proper” clause – Elastic clause in the Constitution . It makes the Constitution flexible and says that government has the power to do what it needs to do to fulfill its duties. The clause allows future generations to expand the meaning of the Constitution.Gibbons vs. Ogden - Court case that gave control of state-to-state commerce to the Federal Government.McCullock vs. Maryland - Ruled the federal Government as supreme over the states

IMPORTANT DATES 

1607 1st permanent English settlement in North America, Jamestown,

Virginia 1776 Declaration of Independence 1787 U.S. Constitution drafted 1803 Louisiana Purchase 1861 – Civil War1865 1863 Emancipation Proclamation

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