study of china by: kayli reyna, christopher perez, jeremy toda-ambaras, logan wilson, daequan...
TRANSCRIPT
Study of ChinaBy: Kayli Reyna, Christopher Perez, Jeremy Toda-Ambaras, Logan Wilson, DaeQuan Fitzgerald, Michael McShane
Historical, Cultural, and Social China
Kayli Reyna
ca 1700-1046BC
*Shang Dynasty- the first chinese state for which clear written records remain-unites much of north central China
*Zhou Dynasty- replaces shang as dominant force across northern China
*Zhou state collapses into loose association of warring states known as the Eastern Zhou
Imperial China
221 BC- 1279 AD*King Ying Zheng of Qin (first ruler to use the title emperor) -Builds 1st Great Wall of China*Han Dynasty*Thang Dynasty *Song Dynasty
History
Mongol Rule
1271 AD- 1901 AD
*Mongols conquer China and established their own Yuan Dynasty
*Ming Dynasty overthrows Mongols
- establishes agricultural economy, bureaucracy and military
Manchu Qing Dynasty
Boxer Rebellion
The Republic
1911 AD- 1937 AD*Military revolts by reform-minded officers lead to proclamation of Republic of China under Sun Yat-sen
*Japan invades in 1931 and gradually occupies more and more of China
Communist Victory
1949 AD- 1992 AD
*Mao Zedong- proclaims the founding of the people’s Republic of China
* China intervenes in the Korean War on the side of North Korea
* Tibet becomes part of the People’s Republic of China
* US Richard Nixon
* Russia and China sign declaration restoring friendly ties
Cultural norms
*Ethnic Make up- Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi , Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%
*Religions- Daoist (Taoist) , Buddhist, Muslim 1-2% , Christian 3-4%
*Language- In all over 1.2billion people speak one or more varieties of Chinese ------root: Sino-Tibetan family, Mandarin, Cantonese
*The importance of “Face”
* Confucianism
*Collectivism vs. individual
Fun Facts
* The color red is lucky
*The number 4 is unlucky similar to our number 13
* You cannot chew gum in public in Singapore
*You cannot touch the top of a person’s head
*Do not leave your chopsticks standing up in a rice bowl
*The Chinese New Year is huge
Political Economy andDevelopment
Logan Wilson
Political Economy
Political Callary
Political system has 5 layers: the center, provinces, prefectures, counties and townships
Role of parties in the Communist Party and Neo-Lesian
Can protect heritage
Taking Karl Marx philosophy in priority of economic growth
Functions of Trade Politics
Special Economic Zone
Marketism
Socialist market
restructure or expansion
dualistic trade
International trade and foreign investment with social benefits
Political turnover and corruption
Foreign investment
International Relations
The Darkside
4th largest economy behind Britain, France and United States
Bottom of economic freedom of 127 countries
parties make up 81% of executives
66% of senior executives
Employ around 85 million workers
indian companies up from 80% to 200%
Governance and Policy-Making
Christopher Perez
Government StructureXi JinpingLi KequiangZhang Dejiang
Politburo Standing Committee
Chinese Communist Party
National People’s CongressState Council Legislative Affairs OfficeUnited FrontMisc Organizations:
National Development and Reform CommissionMinistry of Finance
Government Structure cont.
Legislative: National People’s Congress
Executive: State Council
Judicial: Supreme People’s Court/Procuratorate
Military: People’s Liberation Army
Paramount Leader
Policy Making
1. Policy’s initially drafted by ministries2. SCLAO checks constitutionality of policy and law drafts3. SCLAO coordinates revision process4. Important drafts are sent to the NPC5. State and Local Ministries/Councils can interpret these
policies
Transparency ConcernsDiscipline Commission
Economy: Central → Market
Representation andPolitical Participation
DaeQuan Fitzgerald
China is a Communist Party State
“Neo-Leninism”
One Party Rule (Chinese Communist Party)
Government control of the economy
Elitism=>Power to military, police, and social elites
Chinese Communist Party
Maintains monopoly position
~88 million members
Capitalism
Political participation dictated by the wealthy
Political access to social elites
Chinese Communist Party
Authoritarian Rule
Supervises government, the justice system, and the mass media
CCP Membership provides access to contacts, information, and patronage needed to acquire wealth and power
Benefits/Legitimacy of communist party rule
Substantial Economic Growth
National Party Leaders are perceived as wise, educated and benevolent
Strong Nationalism
Belief that the party is building a powerful and independent country
Government Branches
Legislature
dictated by the National People’s Congress
3000 members
Executive
State Council
President serves as ceremonial head of state
Judiciary
Standing Committee
Underdeveloped
Non-Communist Parties
China Democratic League
China Revolutionary Committee of Kuomintang
China Democratic Construct Association
China Association for the Promotion of Democracy
Chinese Peasants and Workers’ Democratic Party
China Zhi Gong Dang
Jiusan Society
Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League
Politics in Transition
Michael McShane
Pre-Communism
- Nationalist state
- Mao Zedong (October 1st, 1949)
- Manchuria (North East China) was held by the Japanese until Russian forces entered and took over
- Held by Russians until the communist party was in power
- Americans helped chinese involvement with Japanese in order to prevent communism.
- Eventual success of communist revolution due to military strength (helped by Russians) and grassroot movement of the people of China.
Domination of State and Society
Four pillars of Leninist Roots
1)Military
a) People’s Liberation Army (2.25 million people)
b) People’s Armed Police (1.5 million people)
c) Internal Security Force (800,000 people)
2)“Control of personal apointments across all political institutions”
3)Media
4)Control of Judiciary and Internal Security
CCP: Chinese Communist Party
- In power for 65 years
- 4 away from USSR record
- Have lasted due to a greater willingess to adapt
- Low tolerance towards those who question the governing power’s right to rule
Recent Transition
- November 2012
- Chongqing Municipal Party Secretary
- Raised questions of other leaders
- Through ties to the military, brought up concerns of loyalty to the central Party intelegence
- Foreign media pressure
- Elected new military secretary as well as several other high ranking officials (see “Historical, Cultural, and Social China”)
Bo Xilai
International Relations
Jeremy Toda-Ambaras
● China maintains international relations with 171 countries and has embassies in 162 of them.
● China is a part of the United Nations as well as a permanent part of its Security Council.
● China used to lead the Non-Allied Movement, a group of which they are no longer a part.
● China is a part of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), a group of countries whose economies are rising and becoming more influential in global affairs.
● China maintains a strong economic and military relationship with Russia, and the two countries frequently vote the same way in the UN Security Council.
● China is a rising superpower.
General Information
● Recently, China has demanded for more free trade areas and security pacts among its Asia-Pacific neighbors.
● China co-founded the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.● China has been a member of the World Trade Organization since 11
December 2001.● China’s most significant export market is the United States, with whom
China has particularly large trade surplus.
Economics
● China continuously tries to claim ownership over Taiwan and its territories.
● China has had conflicts about land borders with India and Bhutan.● China wants to claim the Senkaku Islands and the Scarborough
Shoal.
Territorial Disputes
Finished
References
http://www.oecd.org/gov/governanceinchina.htmhttp://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/08/12/the-challenge-of-chinas-governance/http://www.nytimes.com/ref/college/coll-china-politics-006.htmlhttp://www.martinjacques.com/articles/articles-geopolitics-globalisation/understanding-chinese-governance/http://csis.org/files/publication/130124_Ahrens_ChinaPolicymaking_Web.pdfhttp://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-13017882https://intranet.ecu.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/499354/Cultural-Bytes-China-RHS-120903.pdfhttp://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/china-country-profile.html
References cont.
● “Bric Summit Ends in China with Plea for More Influence.” Bbc.com. BBC News, 14 Apr. 2011. Web. 8 Nov. 2015. <http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-pacific-13076229>.
● “China Denies Preparing War over South China Sea Shoal - BBC News.” BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-18045383>.
● “China Says Communication with Other Developing Countries at Copenhagen Summit Transparent.” - People's Daily Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://en.people.cn/90001/90776/90883/6847341.html>.
● “China's Quest for Asia by Dana Dillon and John J. Tkacik Jr. - Policy Review 134.” China's Quest for Asia by Dana Dillon and John J. Tkacik Jr. - Policy Review 134. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <https://web.archive.org/web/20060210135228/http://www.policyreview.org/134/dillon.html>.
● “How Uninhabited Islands Soured China-Japan Ties - BBC News.” BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-11341139>.
● “Perseverance Will Pay off at the UN - Taipei Times.” Perseverance Will Pay Off at the UN - Taipei Times. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2004/08/22/2003199768>.
● “A Point Of View: What Kind of Superpower Could China Be? - BBC News.” BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-19995218>.
● “Russia-China Unity on Syria as Putin Arrives in Beijing - BBC News.” BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-18327632>.
● “U.S. Relations With China.” U.S. Department of State. U.S. Department of State, 21 Jan. 2015. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/18902.htm>.
● “US Trade Gap Widens on Increased Chinese Imports - BBC News.” BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Nov. 2015. <http://www.bbc.com/news/business-11544677>.
References cont.
Branstetter, Lee, and Robert Feenstra. "Trade and Foreign Direct Investment in China: A Political Economy Approach." Web. 23 Oct. 2015.
Andrew G. Walder. American Sociological Review.Vol. 67, No. 2 (Apr., 2002), pp. 231-253
Wang, Yi, and Bill Bramwell. "Heritage Protection and Tourism Development Priorities in Hangzhou, China: A Political Economy and Governance Perspective." Tourism Management: 988-98. Print.
Li, Hongbin, and Li-An Zhou. "Political Turnover and Economic Performance: The Incentive Role of Personnel Control in China." Journal of Public Economics: 1743-762. Print.
References cont.
Pei, Minxin. The Dark Side of China's Rise. 2006. Print.
Kaplan, Robert D. "The Geography of Chinese Power." The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us about Coming Conflicts and the Battle against Fate. New York: Random House, 2012. Print.
"Choosing the Best Sourcing Destination: China's Complex Advantage." - The China Sourcing Blog. Web. 7 Nov. 2015.
http://www.chinasourcingblog.org/2008/10/choosing-the-best-sourcing-des.html
https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41007.pdf
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/chinese-rev
References cont.
Pei, Minxin. The Dark Side of China's Rise. 2006. Print.
Hague, Rod, and Martin Harrop. Comparative Government and Politics: An Introduction. 7th ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
http://www.china.org.cn/e-china/politicalsystem/politicalOrgnization.htm