study of flora and fauna in study area and impacts of projects · study of flora and fauna in study...

Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd

Study Of Flora And Fauna In Study Area and impacts of projects

Biological environment

Ecology is the study of the relation and interactions between organisms and their

environment. It comprises the floral and faunal communities of an area. With changes in

environmental conditions, structure, density and composition of plants, animals also undergo

changes. For the proposed study, the study area has been identified as 10km around the

project site.

Himachal Pradesh is a predominantly mountainous state. Consequently, its climate is more

congenial to forests. It comprises four forest zones-subtropical, sub-temperate, wet temprate

and dry-temprate. The proposed mine area is situated in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh.

The forests of the tract are well scattered on both the banks of river Beas. Scrub forests,

Bamboo forests, Chil forests, Scrub mixed with chil, sal and other Broad Leaved forests are

present which occur due to altitude, edaphic and biotic factors. Kangra forest consist various

type of vegetation and faunal biodiversity.

Objectives of the Study

For sustainable and eco-friendly mining project development, biological environment is

studied. As per EIA 2006 norms study are classified in 2 parts. One is core zone where

mining proposed and another part is buffer zone that’s 10 km radius of mine lease area.

The present study was undertaken with the following objectives:

To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the project site;

To assess the distribution of animal life spectra;

To understand the productivity of the water bodies;

To assess the biodiversity and to understand the resource potential; and

To ascertain migratory routes of fauna and possibility of breeding grounds.

Methodology for Baseline Data Generation

To achieve the above objectives a detailed study of the area was undertaken in 10km radius

around proposed mine area. The different methods adopted were as follows:

Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the area;


Discussion with local people so as to elicit information about local plants, animals and

birds.

The primary data was generated through:-

Preparing a general checklist of all plants encountered in the study area. This would

indicate the diversity for plants.

Determining the bird population of migratory and local birds by taking 10 random

readings at every Location;

Observing mammals, amphibians and reptiles, noting their calls, droppings, burrows,

pugmarks and other signs.

Core zone: The study area of core zone consist river bed with rocks. There is no vegetation

present except some grasses.

Buffer zone: Buffer zone defined from mine lease area. It is 10km radius of ML area. There

are 6 forest namely Panjal Reseve Forest (3.67 Km, SE), Dadhoa protected forest (4.25 km,

NE), Sansarpur Reserve Forest (6.48 km, N), Chalan Protected Forest (7.33 Km, E),

Karanpur Reserve Forest (8.54 km, NW) and Pong Dam Bird Sanctuary (~9.0 km) shown in

Figure-1.


Figure 1: 10km Environmental Sensitivity Map

3.4. Flora

Study of biological environment is one of the important aspects in Environmental Impact

Assessment in view of the need for conservation of Environmental quality. We were carried

out a detailed enumeration of species occurrences of flora at various locations were observed

and typical plant species were collected. The visual observations of plants were recorded with

a view to obtaining some idea about the relative density of certain species and their

predominance. Project influence area have several floral species have been reported with

some prominent tree species are Cassia fistula, Ficus bengalenses, Aegle marmelos, Phoenix

sylvestris, Mangifera indica, Azadaricta indica, Dalbergia sisso, Calotropis procera,

Terminalica arjuna.

Sum of 111 plant species were recorded illustrated inTable-1.

Table 1: List of Flora Present in Study Area

S. No. Family Botanical Name Local Name

1. Acanthaceae Adhatoda zeylanica Basuti

2. Acanthaceae Strobilanthes auriculata Kapur minngar

3. Agavaceae Agave americana Ram ban

4. Amaranthaceae Deeringia amaranthoides Bhirang

5. Anacardiceae Mangifera indica Aam

6. Anacardiceae Pistacia integerrima Kakrain

7. Anonaceae Miliusa velutina Chopar chilla

8. Apocynceae Ichinocarpus frutescens Bakkarbel

9. Apocynceae Carissa opaca Garuna

10. Apocynceae Nerium oleander Ghanira Gandheela

11. Apocynceae Holarrhena pubescens Keor

12. Apocynceae Wrightia arborea Khalawa

13. Arecaceae Phoenix sylvestris Khajoor

14. Asclepiadaceae Calotropis procera Aak

15. Asclepiadaceae Cryptolepis buchananii Jaman khumb

16. Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides Gha buti

17. Bignoniaceae Stereospermum chelonoides Padal

18. Bignoniaceae Oroxylum indicum Tatplanga

19. Bombacaceae Bombax cieba Simal

20. Caeselpinaceae Cassia fistula Amaltas

21. Caeselpinaceae Cassia occidentalis Chakunda

22. Caeselpinaceae Bauhinia variegata Kachnar, Karal

23. Caeselpinaceae Bauhinia malabarica Kacnnar, Karal

24. Caeselpinaceae Cassia tora Panwar

25. Caeselpinaceae Caesalpinia decapetala Ralan, Arlu

26. Caeselpinaceae Bauhinia vahlii Taur

27. Cannabinaceae Cannabis sativa Bhang

28. Capparaceae Crataeva religiosa Barna

29. Celastraceae Euonymus pendulus Bharmela

30. Celastraceae Celastrus paniculatus Sankhiran

31. Combretaceae Terminalia arjuna Arjan

32. Combretaceae Terminalia bellirica Bahera

33. Combretaceae Anogeissus latifolius Chhal

34. Combretaceae Terminalia chebula Harar

35. Cuscutaceae Cuscuta reflexa Amar bel

36. Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea deltoides -

37. Dipterocarpaceae Shorea robusta Sal

38. Ebenaceae Diospyros cordifolia Kala dhao

39. Ehretiaceae Cordia vestita Kumbhi

40. Ehretiaceae Cordia dichotoma Lasura

41. Ehretiaceae Ehretia acuminata Sakar

42. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus emblica Amla

43. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion velutinum Chamar-saman

44. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia royleana Chhun

45. Euphorbiaceae Bridelia squamosa Gaddi

46. Euphorbiaceae Jatropha curcas Jamnota

47. Euphorbiaceae Mallotus philippensis Kamal

48. Euphorbiaceae Bischofia javanica Marak

49. Fabaceae Butea monosperma Dhak, Plah

50. Fabaceae Mucuna pruriens Gajal bel

51. Fabaceae Desmodium velutinum Jagru

52. Fabaceae Abrus precatorius Rattak

53. Fabaceae Pueraria tuberosa Salod

54. Fabaceae Dalbergia sissoo Shisham

55. Fabaceae Pongamia pinnata Sukhcha

56. Liliaceae Asparagus racemosus Musli

57. Lythraceae Woodfordia fruticosa Dhawi

58. Malpighiaceae Aspidopterys wallichii Dhur bel

59. Malpighiaceae Hiptage benghalensis Malti wan

60. Malvaceae Urena lobata Unga

61. Meliaceae Melia azedarach Drek

62. Meliaceae Azadirachta indica Neem

63. Meliaceae Toona ciliata Tun Tun

64. Menispermaceae Stephania elegans Batindu

65. Mimosaceae Albizia odoratissima Karmaru

66. Mimosaceae Acacia catechu Khair

67. Mimosaceae Acacia nilotica spp. indica Kikar

68. Mimosaceae Albizia chinensis Ohi

69. Mimosaceae Acacia modesta Phalai

70. Mimosaceae Acacia leucophloea Riur

71. Moraceae Ficus benghalensis Bohar

72. Moraceae Ficus hispida Dagur

73. Moraceae Ficus palmata Dogla

74. Moraceae Ficus nemoralis Dudla

75. Moraceae Ficus semicordata Kandroi

76. Moraceae Ficus subincisa Karanda

77. Moraceae Morus serrata Karun

78. Moraceae Ficus virens Padari

79. Moraceae Ficus rumphii Palakh

80. Moraceae Ficus religiosa Pipal

81. Moraceae Ficus sarmentosa Rudhar

82. Moraceae Ficus racemosa Rumbal

83. Moraceae Morus macroura Shah-tut

84. Moraceae Morus australis Sia-tut

85. Moraceae Morus alba Tut

86. Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Sanan

87. Myrsinaceae Maesa indica Burkani

88. Oleaceae Olea ferruginea Kao

89. Pinaceae Pinus roxburghii Chil

90. Poaceae Eulaliopsis binata Bagar

91. Poaceae Dendrocalamus strictus Bans Bain

92. Poaceae Chrysopogan montana Dholu

93. Poaceae Saccharum spontaneum Kahi

94. Poaceae Artistida adscensionis Lambi

95. Poaceae Hetropogon contortus Lambu

96. Poaceae Sorghum nitidum Lunji

97. Poaceae Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Mohar

98. Punicaceae Punica granatum Anar

99. Rubiaceae Hymenodictyon orixense Barthua

100. Rutaceae Aegle marmelos Bil

101. Rutaceae Murraya koenigii Gandhla

102. Rutaceae Murraya paniculata Nargan

103. Sterculiaceae Helicteres isora Maror phalli

104. Tiliaceae Grewia optiva Dhaman

105. Tiliaceae Grewia eriocarpa Phalsa

106. Urticaceae Boehmeria platyphylla Padara

107. Verbenaceae Vitex negundo Bana

108. Verbenaceae Premna barbata Ginani

109. Verbenaceae Tectona grandis Sagwan

110. Vitaceae Cayratia trifolia Chamar bel

111. Vitaceae Ampelocissus latifolia Giddar Dakh

112. Cactaceae Opuntia elatior -

3.5. Fauna

The information of important terrestrial animal groups such as birds, reptiles and mammals

were collected by trekking inhabiting areas, along the road, nearby village areas and

agricultural fields present in the impact zone. An inventory of the animals has been prepared

separately for mammals, reptiles and birds. The faunal species are reported as Common

Emmigrant, Pioneer, Monitor Lizard, Common myna, Gray Partridges, Indian Treepie,

Parakeet, Jungle Crow, House Crow, Rock Pigeon, Green Bee eater, Red Watlled lopwing,

Wood pecker and Indian hare. Some primary flora observed during the field survey presented

in below table

Out of which 17 species of mammals, 50 species of birds, 5 species of reptile,

fishes and 03 species of amphibians were recorded. Class wise list of species has been given

below in Table-2 to 6 and shown in

Figure 2: Class

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Mammals

No

. of

Sp

eci

es



present in the impact zone. An inventory of the animals has been prepared



le Crow, House Crow, Rock Pigeon, Green Bee eater, Red Watlled lopwing,


Out of which 17 species of mammals, 50 species of birds, 5 species of reptile,


and shown in Figure-2.

: Class-wise Status of fauna Species

Birds Reptile Fishes Amphibians

Fauna



present in the impact zone. An inventory of the animals has been prepared



le Crow, House Crow, Rock Pigeon, Green Bee eater, Red Watlled lopwing,


Out of which 17 species of mammals, 50 species of birds, 5 species of reptile, 4 species of


Table 2. List of Mammals recorded in study area

S.No. Zoological Name Common English

Name

Status as per Wildlife

Conservation Act,

1972 & amendments

1. Boselaphus tragocamelus Blue Bull III

2. Sus scrofa Wild boar III

3. Cervas unicolor Sambhar -

4. Canis aureus Jackal II

5. Herpestes edwardsi Common Mongoose -

6. Macaca mulatta Rhesus Monkey II

7. Panthera pardus Leopard I

8. Felis chaus Jungle cat II

9. Lepus nigricollis ruficaudatus Rufous tailed hare -

10. Presbytis entellus Langur II

11. Funambulus pennant Five striped Palm

Squirrel

IV

12. Mus booduga Indian Field Mouse -

13. Rattus rattus Common House Rat -

14. Mus musculus House Mouse -

15. Pteropus giganteus Flying Fox -

16. Rousettus leschenaultia Fruit bat -

Table 3. List of Reptiles Studied in Study Area

S. No. Zoological Name Common English name Status as per Wildlife

Conservation Act, 1972

& amendments

1. Lacerta vivipara Common lizard -

2. Calotes versicolor Garden lizard -

3. Bangarus caeruleus Common Indian crait -

4. Ancistrodon

himalayanus

Himalayan pit viper -

5. Naja naja Indian Cobra II

Table 7. List of Amphibians in the Study Area

Table 4. List of Fishes in the Study Area

S. No. Zoological Name Local Name

1. Labeo rohita Rohu

2. Catla catla Catla

3. Barbus (tor) putitora Mahasheer

4. Clarias batrachus Mangur

Table 5. List of Birds in the Study Area

S. No. English Name Scientific Name

1. Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant

2. Tachyboptus ruficollis Little Grabe

3. Ardea cinerea Grey Heron

4. Ardea purpurea Purple heron

5. Casmerodius albus Large Egret

6. Mesophoyx intermedia medin Erget

7. Bubulcus ibis Cattle erget

8. Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron

9. Ciconia episcopus White necked strock

10. Threkiornis melanocephalus Oriental white ibis

11. Anas platyrhynchos Mallard

12. Anas strepera Gadwal

13. Cotuornix coromandelica Rain Quail

14. Vanellus duvaucelii River lapwing

15. Vanellus indicus Red wattled lapwing

S. No. Scientific Name Local Name Status as per Wildlife

Conservation Act, 1972 &

amendments

1. Amolops sp Cascade frogs -

2. Rana sp. Pond frogs II

3. Bufo melanastictus Common Asian Toad -

16. Vanellus vanellus Northern lapwing

17. Columba livia Blue rock pigeon

18. Streptopellia senegalensis Little brown dove

19. Streptopelia chinensis Spotted dove

20. Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian collared dove

21. Psittacula eupatria Alexandrine Parakeet

22. Psittacula krameri Rose Ringed parakeet

23. Psittacula cyanocephala Plum headed parakeet

24. Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel

25. Centropus sinensis Greater coucal

26. Tyto alba Barn owl

27. Bubo nipalensis Forest eagle owl

28. Athene brama Spotted Owlet

29. Alcedo atthis Small blue kingfisher

30. Halcyon smyrensis white breasted kingfisher

31. Merops orientalis Small Bee eater

32. Caracias banghalensis Indian Roller

33. Upupa epops Common hoopoe

34. Megalaima zeylanica Brown headed barbet

35. Megalaima asiatica Blue throated barbet

36. Dndrocopos macei Fulvous breasted Pied Woodpecker

37. Picus xanthopygaeus Little scaly bellied green Woodpecker

38. Dinopium benghalense Lesser golden backed Woodpecker

39. Pycnonotus leucogenys Himalayan Bulbul

40. Pycnonotus cafer Red vented Bulbul

41. Acridotheres ginginianus Bank myna

42. Dicrurus macrocercus Black drango

43. Dendrocitta vagabunda Indian Treepie

44. Corvus splendens House crow

45. Corvus macrorhynchos Jungle Crow

46. Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin

47. Saxicoloides fulicata Indian Robin

48. Ficedula tricolor Slaty blue Flycatcher

49. Lonchura punctulata Spotted munia

50. Passer domesticus House Sparrow

Impact of Project on Environment And Their Mitigation

General

Identification of all potential environmental impacts due to project is an essential step of

Environmental Impact Assessment. In case of mining projects, impacts on biodiversity, air

pollution, water pollution, waste management and social issues are significant. Both direct

and indirect environmental impacts will be created on various environmental attributes due to

proposed mining activity in the surrounding environment, during the operational phase.

The occurrence of sand, bajri, boulder (minor mineral) deposits, being site specific, their

exploitation often does not allow for any choice except adoption of eco-friendly operation.

Positive impacts on socio-economic environment are expected due to creation of employment

opportunities. Mining activities are normally carried out over a long period which also

encourages development in the area such as roads, schools, hospitals etc.

Several scientific techniques and methodologies are available to predict impacts of physical

environment. Mathematical models are the best tools to quantitatively describe the cause and

effect relationships between sources of pollution and different components of environment. In

cases where it is not possible to identify and validate a model for a particular situation,

predictions have been arrived at based on logical reasoning/consultation/extrapolation.

The following parameters are of significance in the Environmental Impact Assessment and

are being discussed in detail:

1. Land Environment

2. Soil Environment

3. Water Environment

4. Air Environment

5. Noise Environment

6. Biological Environment

7. Socio-Economic Environment

8. Solid Waste

9. Traffic Environment

Land Environment

Since mining is being carried out by opencast manual method, it is expected to affect the land

environment essentially. Impact assessment study on land environment can be done by

considering land use pattern/land cover, topography, drainage pattern and geological features

of the mine site as well as the study area.

Anticipated Impact

Mining activity will impact river bed topography by formation of excavation voids.

River bed mining may bring in some change in topography at the nearby area of the

mine lease.

Stacks of solid waste generated from mining activity may hinder the flow of water in

monsoon season.

Mitigation Measures

Adopting suitable, site-specific mitigation measures can reduce the degree of impact of

mining on land. Some of the land-related mitigation measures are as follows:

Excavated pits will get replenished annually in monsoon itself & will be restored to

original.

The mine working will remain confined to allotted river bed only, so it will not disturb

any surface area outside the mine lease area which may affect topography or drainage.

Solid waste will not be stacked on the bank side as it will hinder the flow of water in

monsoon season.

Soil Environment

Anticipated Impacts

Operational activities like excavation and removal of sand, bajri, boulder would

invariably disturb the soil of the area.

No major impact on soil of the study area is envisaged due to mining activities as

there is no stack emission or any other activity involved in operational phase of

mining activity.

During operation of mine, the soil within or nearby mine lease areamay undergo

physico-chemical changes due to deposition of SPM and washout of gases (SO2 and

NOx) during the rains. However, the impacts of these are likely to be marginal.

Mitigation Measures

There is negligible amount of soil present in the river bed therefore impact will be

marginal.

Fugitive dust emission shall remain confined locally within working area and

emission at haul road will be controlled by water sprinkling and plantation.

Mining will not be carried out during rainy season and during other seasons these

fugitive emissions will not interact with soil as it is opencast mining so no harm to

soil will occur.

Water Environment

The impact of mining project on groundwater hydrology and surface water regime are site

specific and depends upon the characteristics of the mineral, hydrogeology and requirement

of groundwater for other uses.

Anticipated Impact

River recharges the groundwater; excessive mining will reduce the thickness of

the natural filter materials (sediments), through which the groundwater is

recharged.

Mining activity may intersect groundwater level.

Waste water generated from the mining activity will cause water pollution.

Domestic wastewater generated from temporary toilets may cause contamination

in water.

Mitigation Measures

Restriction in excavation depth will be made compulsory to avoid reduction in the

thickness of the natural filter materials.

Mining in the area will be done well above the water table as well as river bed water

level therefore; much impact on water regime is not anticipated.

No waste water will be generated from the mining activity of sand, bajri, boulder

(minor minerals) as the project only involves their extraction from river bed.

The domestic wastewater generated from temporary toilets used by the work force

will be treated in septic tank followed by soak pit. Therefore, impact on water

quality due to proposed unit would be insignificant.

Air Environment

The air quality in the mining area depends upon the nature and concentration of emissions

take place from mining activities and meteorological conditions.

Anticipated Impact

Mining operations carried out by opencast manual method generate dust particles due

to extraction, loading and transportation of sand/bajri/boulder. The dust liberated in

mining and other related operations is injurious to heath if inhaled in sufficient

quantity.

Gases, such as, Sulphur Dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen etc. get emitted from vehicular

exhaust.

Mitigation Measures

Proper mitigation measures like water sprinkling will be adopted to control dust

emissions. Masks will be provided to workers.

To control the fossil fuel gas emissions regular preventive maintenance of equipment

will be carried out on contractual basis.

Noise Environment

The area in general represents calm surroundings. There is no heavy traffic, industry or noisy

habitation in the area nearby proposed mine. As the project is proposed for opencast manual

mining method there will be no blasting or drilling activities involved in mining process.

Anticipated Impact

The source of Noise pollution will be the vehicular movements.

Noise will be generated by the digging of mine area using shovels, crowbars etc.

Mitigation Measures

Proper maintenance of all transportation vehicles will be carried out which help in

reducing noise during operations. No other equipments except the transportation

vehicles will be allowed.

Noise generated by hand equipments shall be intermittent and does not cause much

adverse impact.

Biological Environment

The mining activity will have insignificant effect on the existing flora and fauna. Data have

been collected from various Government Departments such as forests, agriculture, fisheries,

animal husbandry and various offices to establish the pre project biological environmental

conditions. The purpose of the project itself is to save the flora around the project area from

river widening, excessive erosion and floods. It was found that the proposed mining activity

will not have any significant impact on the biological environment of the region. Since the

river is mostly seasonal there shall be significant impact on the aquatic flora and fauna

downstream of the mining site due to increase in suspended particulate matter, movement of

vehicle, removal of sand, bajri and boulders shall disturb substratum.

Anticipated Impact

Flora

The proposed project of river bed sand, bajri, boulder mining shall be carried out on the

Sohan Khad, which does not have any trees. Hence, no tree cutting is involved. The project

shall also not lead to any change in landuse and will be replenished every year after

successive rain.

The project seeks permission to carry out the mining activity, which though is an

economically gainful activity, but also constitutes river training work. It allows for necessary

dredging activity which otherwise leads to flooding of nearby banks. With the proposed

riverbed mining activity, as the river bed deepens, the banks will eventually be available for

secondary succession of vegetation.

There shall be negligible air emissions or effluents from the project site. During loading the

truck, dust generation will be likely. This shall be a temporary effect and not anticipated to

affect the surrounding vegetation significantly.

Fauna

Animals are sensitive to noise and avoid human territory. The animals accessing the river at

the project stretch are likely to shift upstream or downstream of the stretch during the mining

activities.

There will be no impact on aquatic environment due to mining because the river dries up

considerably and is reduced to no flow during lean season. Water flows only in rainy season

through Sohan Khad Bed. No fishes are reported in the study stretch of the river.

Hence, no significant impact on the fauna is anticipated from the proposed project.

Mitigation Measures

Flora

Although, the project will not lead to any tree cutting, it is proposed to improve the greenery

of the locality by plantation services. To avoid dust emissions, the mined materials will be

covered with tarpaulin during transportation.

Fauna

The workers shall be directed to not venture out of the leased area for collecting fuel wood, or

hunting. They shall also be trained to not harm any wildlife, should it come near the project

site. No work shall be carried out after 6.00 pm.

Socio-economic Environment

The Socio–Economic Impact Assessment is the systematic analysis used during EIA to

identify and evaluate the potential socio-economic and cultural impacts of a proposed

development on the lives and circumstances of people, their families and their communities.

It can identify and distinguish numerous measurable impacts of a proposed development but

not every impact may be significant. The population who gets affected either directly or

indirectly by the proposed project can tell whether the impacts caused by project are

significant or not.

Anticipated Impact

As the project is proposed at government land, no resettlement and rehabilitation

(R&R) is required.

The local people’s only employment to depend on is agriculture, which is seasonal. In

the absence of any high employment potential activities, the people are economically

backward.

There are some people who are engaged in trading of sand, bajri, boulder. Therefore

due to mining of sand, bajri, boulder the per capita income of local people have been

improved.

Mitigation Measures

Increased funding for nearby people to improve social infrastructure and cultural

maintenance programs.

Various direct and indirect employment opportunities will be generated by the

proposed project. A better standard of living due to increased access to employment,

business opportunities, training and education will be there.

It is suggested that during mining, all safety provisions has to be ensured to negate

any likely impacts on social environment due to associated hazards.

Solid-Waste

Anticipated Impact

This RBM project does involve negligible quantity of waste generation in form of slit

mixed sand and soil which gets deposited as crust material on the bed profile and is

extracted during mining process.

No municipal waste other than domestic sewage shall be generated,

However, there will be about 20 workers on site. While cooking at site will not be

allowed, some food wastes can be expected to be generated which if not disposed

properly will render the site dirty.

Mitigation Measures

Silt mixed or soil generated during mining process will be either rod filling or can be

used for plantation purpose.

Domestic sewage shall be disposed into septic tank followed by soak pits.

However, solid wastes generated from the personal habits of people such as used

bidis, waste paper, food remains etc. cannot be ruled out. Dustbins shall be provided

at the rest places. These dustbins shall be emptied daily at the nearest dhalaos from

the site.

Traffic Environment

Mine site is well connected to SH-25 by Village Road. Road is wide enough to facilitate easy

and smooth movement of vehicles. At present the traffic load at village Road is 460 vehicles

per day and at SH-25 are 555 per day approximately. Due to the proposed project there will

be addition of 30 HMV and LMV in the existing traffic, hence the changes will be very

marginal and will not affect the existing environment.

Anticipated Impact

Increase in traffic density will lead to air pollution.

Movement of vehicles will cause noise pollution.

Increased traffic may cause accidental incidences.

Mitigation Measures

Vehicles with PUC Certificate will be hired. Regular maintenance of vehicles will be

done to ensure smooth running of vehicle.

Un- necessary blowing of horn will be avoided.

To avoid accidents the speed of vehicles will be low near habitation areas.

study of flora and fauna in study area and impacts of projects · study of flora and fauna in study...

Documents