study of turkic languages and cultures european

STUDY OF TURKIC LANGUAGES AND CULTURES

EUROPEAN CREDIT TRANSFER SYSTEM

1. INTRODUCTION

Turkic Studies as a scholarly discipline exists at many European and world universities where

foreign languages and cultures are studied and analyzed as part of world heritage, into which the

national culture of the country in question is by definition included. Turkic languages are spoken in a

vast geographical area – from the southwest of Turkey and its neighbours to the southeast, i.e. east

Turkestan and China; therefrom from south and north Siberia to the northeast, all the way up to the

Arctic, and in nortwest – from west Siberia to east Europe. After the breakup of the USSR, the

importance of some of these languages has risen side by side with the geopolitical and economic

importance of turkophone republics, suddenly independent.

Turkic Studies elaborated here have existed for ten years at the Zagreb Faculty of Philosophy and

can be compared with other related programs in Europe (primarily with those in Germany, Austria and

Hungary), the USA or Turkey. Nevertheless, since Turkic Studies beside common factors also have

certain differences that reflect the needs of each of the countries individually, the Zagreb School

understandably differs from the rest by the stress it places on Osmanli language (and thereby

somewhat on Arabic) and on general and cultural Osmanli history. Such emphasis enables reading and

understanding of Osmanli documents and narrative sources relevant for general and cultural history of

Croatia.

The Zagreb School shares with European universities those contents that are essential parts of

Turkic Studies: courses in contemporary Turkish language, this being the most important of all Turkic

languages, courses in Turkish literature and Islamic civilization, and courses in general and cultural

history of ancient and contemporary Turkic peoples. The program demands six semesters for the

prospect Bachelor and further four for the Master. Since the entrance requirements do not call for any

knowledge of Turkish, the minimum to enroll is familiarity with at least one discipline language –

English, German or Russian.

We hold that the study must be a binary one (double major) – on one hand because of the

possibilities and the ability to study two languages, language and linguistics or language and a suitable

non-linguistic program – and on the other because of favourable comparisons with programs abroad

that are all double majors. The sole exception is Turkey where the study of Turkish and Turkish

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literature is a ‚national discipline,‘ and can therefore be compared with the study of Croatian language

and literature here. Experience has so far shown that Turkic Studies are quite demanding but are

attended by the motivated student who achieves expected knowledge and skills. The double major

system essentially contributes to the depth and width of knowledge and skills for those students that

will devote their energies to the other discipline.

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2. GENERAL INFORMATION

2.1. Name of programme: Turkic Studies.

2.2. Institution: the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zagreb.

2.3. Department: Dept of Oriental and Hungarian Studies, Chair of Turkic Studies.

2.4. Duration of programme. The undergraduate study lasts for 6 semesters; graduate – four. The

total length of study, for the title of Master, is 10 semesters. The prospect for doctoral study is

then available.

2.5. Study preconditions: high school diploma, successful entrance exam results at the Faculty of

Philosophy, command of at least one world language (see discipline languages).

2.6. The undergraduate study enables students to proceed to graduate level or get employment in

the economy, cultural sector, libraries, institutes, trade representations etc., where a degree of

education is needed, i.e. linguistic, scholarly and methodological competence achieved during

the course of the study.

2.7. In order to attend the graduate course, the prerequisite is completion of the undergraduate

Turkic Studies program at the Zagreb Faculty of Philosophy, with the grade point average of

at least 3.5, or a comparably successful program at a university abroad. The graduate study

enables the student for beginner scholarly work in the discipline (that can eventually result in

a Ph.D.) or for employment in institutes, libraries, in science in general, likewise in culture,

diplomacy or the economy where education is needed, i.e. the linguistic, scholarly and

methodological competence gained with graduate work in Turkic Studies.

2.8. After completing the undergraduate program the student obtains the title of the Bachelor of

Arts in Turkic Studies, while having completed the graduate course the students obtains the

title of the Master of Turkic Studies.

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3. Undergraduate Programme

3.1 Credits: Courses in Turkic Studies are obligatory and total 12 points each, which makes 72 points

in the course of the undergraduate programme that lasts for six semesters (12 x 6 = 72). The sum

includes a foreign discipline language during the first year, which is taken after the first or the second

semester. The student garners the remaining points by taking non-Turkic optional subjects and

courses.

3.2 Foreign discipline languages: These are English, German and Russian. During the first and the

second semester of the Turkic Studies, the foreign language brings two points because of its inclusion

in the list of obligatory subjects. According to personal inclinations and needs, the students can, during

the third and the fourth semester, continue taking the chosen discipline language, but as an optional

subject only.

3.3 Undergraduate Programme Subject Scheme and Description:

1st Semester

A – Obligatory Subjects

SUBJECT NAME (1)* CLASSROOM WORK Number

of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Lectures 2 2

Exercises with

assistants

2 2

Turkish: Phonetics, Phonology,

Morphonology (I)

Exercises with lectors 4 2

6

* Subject ordinal number in the undergraduate programme subject description.

SUBJECT NAME (2) CLASSROOM WORK Number

of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Lectures 2 2 Introduction to Turkic Studies (I)

Seminars 1 1

2


of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Islam: History, Civilisation, Culture (I) Lectures 2 2

5

Seminars 1 1 2


of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Common programme basis: foreign

language

2

B – Optional subjects can be one already offered at the Faculty:

Introduction to Linguistics (any philological department)

Phonological Description (Linguistics Department)

2nd Semester



of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Lectures 2 2

Exercises with

assistants

2 2

Turkish: Phonetics, Phonology,

Morphonology (II)


6


of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Lectures 2 2 Introduction to Turkic Studies (II)

Seminars 1 1

2


of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Lectures 2 2 Islam: History, Civilisation, Culture (II)

Seminars 2 2

2


of hours

ECTS TOTAL

6


language

2


language

2


Introduction to Linguistics (any philological department)

Phonological Description (Linguistics Department)

3rd Semester



of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Lectures 2 2

Exercises with

assistants

2 2

Turkish Language: Morphology (I)


6


of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Lectures 2 2 History of the Osmanli Empire

Seminars 1 1

3


of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Lectures 2 2

Exercises 1 1

* The Arabic tongue is not an obligatory subject for students who want to attend the

undergraduate programme only and obtain the academic title of „baccalaurea / baccalaureus“.

In the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th semester students can choose from offered optional subjects instead.


Foreign discipline language (English, German, Russian)

Morphological Description (Linguistics Department)

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Standard Croatian – Grammar (Croatian Department)

Croatian for Non-Specialists

4th Semester



of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Lectures 2 2

Exercises with

assistants

2 2

Turkish: Morphology (II)


6


of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Lectures 2 2 History of the Republic of Turkey

Seminars 1 1

3


of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Lectures 2 2 Foundations of Arabic: the Arabic

Script, Phonetics and Phonology (II) Exercises 1 1

3


Foreign discipline language (English, German, Russian)

Morphological Description (Linguistics Department)

Standard Croatian – Grammar (Croatian Department)

Croatian for Non-Specialists

5th Semester



of hours

ECTS TOTAL

8

Lectures 2 2

Exercises with assistants 2 2

Turkish: Syntax Basics (I)


6


of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Lectures 2 2 Foundations of Arabic: Morphology

with Syntax Elements (I) Exercises 1 1

3


of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Lectures 2 2 Ancient Turkic Peoples and

Languages Seminars 1 1

3


Syntactic Description (Linguistics Department)

Standard Croatian – Syntax (Croatian Department)

Croatian Stylistics (Croatian Department)

6th Semester



of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Lectures 2 2

Exercises with assistants 2 2

Turkish: Syntax Basics (II)


6


of hours

ECTS TOTAL

Lectures 2 2 Foundations of Arabic: Morphology

with Syntax Elements (II) Exercises 1 1

3

SUBJECT NAME (20) CLASSROOM WORK Number ECTS TOTAL

9

of hours

Lectures 2 2 Contemporary Turkic Peoples and

Languages Seminars 1 1

3


Syntactic Description (Linguistics Department)

Standard Croatian – Syntax (Croatian Department)

Croatian Stylistics (Croatian Department)

Undergraduate Programme Subject Description:

1) Turkish: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphonology (I);

ECTS-points: 6;

Language: Croatian and Turkish;

Duration: 1 semester;

Status: obligatory;

Classroom work: 2 lecture slots, 2 exercises with assistants i 4 exercises with lectors per week;

Requirements: enrolment into the 1st semester and regular attendance;

Exam: written and oral;

Contents: the classification of Turkish vowels and consonants; the phonological description of

Turkish; changes at the morphonological level, assimilation rules;

Objective: to acquire the knowledge described in the contents section.

Basic course books:

Čaušević, E. (1996.), Gramatika suvremenoga turskog jezika, Zagreb.

Underhill, R. (1976.), Turkish Grammar, Cambridge.

Lewis, G. J. (1967.), Turkish Grammar, Oxford.

Additional literature:

Kissling, H. J. (1960.), Osmanisch-Türkische Grammatik, Wiesbaden.

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Kononov, A. N. (1956.), Grammatika sovremennogo tureckogo literaturnogo jazyka, Moskva,

Leningrad

Nilsson, B. (1985.), Case Marking Semantics in Turkish, Stockholm.

Jansky, H. (1986.11), Lehrbuch der türkischen Sprache (überarbeitet u. erweitert von Landmann, A.),

Wiesbaden.

2) Introduction to Turkic Studies (I);

ECTS-points: 2;

Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;

Classroom work: 2 lecture slots, 1 seminar hour per week;


Exam: oral;

Contents: History of Turkic Studies; ‘Altay languages’ – the proponents and adversaries of the Altay

theory; typological closeness of ‘Altay’ languages; Turkic languages; achievements, goals and aims of

the Turkic Studies scholarly method.


Basic course books:

Róna-Tas, A. (1991.), An Introduction to Turkology, Szeged.

Róna-Tas, A. (1998.), The Reconstruction of Proto-Turkic and the Genetic Questions, U: The Turkic

Languages (ed. by Lars Johanson and Éva Á. Csató), London, New York. (str. 67-80)

Mali pojmovnik za kolegij Uvod u turkologiju. (Skripta za internu uporabu).


Baskakov, N. A. (1969.), Vvedenie v izučenie tjurkskih jazykov, Moskva.

Eren, H. (1998.), Türklük Bilimi Sözlüğü, Ankara.

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3) Islam: History, Civilisation, Culture (I);

ECTS-points: 2;

Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;



Exam: oral;

Contents: political, social and cultural circumstances in the Arab peninsula before the rise of Islam; the

revelation, consolidation and spread of Islam; an overview of most significant historical events in the

Islamic world by the end of the 13th century; the consequences of the Mongol conquest;


Basic course book:

Hiti, F. (1989.), Istorija Arapa (preveo P. Pejčinović), Sarajevo.


Hourani, A. (1991.), A History of the Arab People, London. / (1992.), Die Geschichte der arabischen

Völker (prijevod na njemački), Frankfurt am Main.

4) Foreign discipline language (I);

ECTS-points: 2;

Language:


Status: obligatory;

Classroom work:


Exam:

Contents:


5) Turkish: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphonology (II);

ECTS-points: 6;

Language: Croatian and Turkish;


Status: obligatory;

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Classroom work: 2 lecture slots, 2 hours of assistant and 4 hours of lector exercises per week;



Contents: agglutination (vocal harmony) at the grammatical and lexical (creation) level; vocal

harmony deviations (with an emphasis on foreign lexis); accent, fundamental rules of orthoepy;


Basic course books:



Lewis, G. J. (1967.), Turkish Grammar, Oxford.




Leningrad

Nilsson, B. (1985.), Case Marking Semantics in Turkish, Stockholm.

Jansky, H. (1986.11), Lehrbuch der türkischen Sprache (überarbeitet u. erweitert von Landmann, A.),

Wiesbaden.

6) Introduction to Turkic Studies (II);

ECTS-points: 2;

Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;

Classroom work: 2 lecture slots and 1 seminar hour per week;


Exam: oral;

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Contents: the oldest European schools, diplomatic academies and Turkish language Chairs; the

development of European Turkic Studies, Turkic Studies in Europe and Turkey today; the

achievements and perspectives of contemporary Turkic Studies;


Basic course books:

A selection of encyclopaedic entries.

Eren, H. (1998.), Türklük Bilimi Sözlüğü, Ankara.


Todorova, M. (1997.), Imaginarni Balkan, Beograd.

Putopisi europskih putopisaca (po izboru i u dogovoru s nastavnikom).

7) Islam: History, Civilisation, Culture (II);

ECTS-points: 2;

Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;



Exam: oral;

Contents: the basic foundations of Islamic religious belief and world picture; Islam in relation to

Judaism and Christianity – similarities and differences; Islamic countries and the colonial heritage;

Arabic (Oriental) Studies as defined by Edward Said; contemporary problems in the Islamic world;


Basic course books:

Hamidullah, M. (1993.), Uvod u Islam, Zagreb.

Lunde, P. (2002.), Islam, vjera, kultura, povijest (prevela N. Jeny), Zagreb.

Schulze, R. (2000), A Modern History of the Islamic World, London, New York.

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Rodinson, M. (2000.), Muhamed (preveo D. Hlad), Zagreb 2000.

Schimmel, A. (2001.), Odgonetanje Božjih znakova: fenomenološki pristup islamu (preveo F.

Pašanović), Sarajevo.

Opći religijski leksikon (2002.), glavni urednik A. Rebić, Zagreb.

Smailagić, N. (1990.), Leksikon islama, Sarajevo.

Said, E. W. (1999.), Orijentalizam, Zagreb.

Said, E. W. (2003.), Krivotvorenje islama, Zagreb.

Du Ry & Carel, J. (1971), Islamski svijet ( s njemačkog preveo Z. Sušić), Rijeka.

Lewis, B. (1976.), The World of Islam, London.

Beltz, W. (1980.), Mitologija Kur’ana ( preveo N. Moačanin), Zagreb.

Kur’an (one of existing translations: Čaušević, Karabeg, Korkut, Karić…)

8) Foreign discipline language (II);

ECTS-points: 2;

Language:


Status: obligatory;

Classroom work:


Exam:

Contents:


9) Turkish: Morphology (I);

ECTS-points: 3;

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Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;

Classroom work: 2 lecture slots, 2 hours of exercises with assistants and 4 hours of exercises with

lectors per week;

Requirements: successful taking of last semester exams;


Contents: agglutination and the morphotactic rules of Turkish; the classification and meaning of

suffixes, word kinds; the categories of number and case; expressing possession, reduplication;


Basic course books:



Atabay, N. & Kutluk, İ. & Özel, S. (1983.), Sözcük Türleri, Ankara.



Leningrad

Zülfikar, H. (1991.), Terim Sorunları ve Terim Yapma Yolları, Ankara.


10) History of the Osmanli Empire;

ECTS-points: 3;

Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;



Exam: oral;

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Contents: Osmanli prehistory: the Oguz migrations; the Great and Asian (Anadolian) tribes; the

Mongol conquest in the 13th century and its consequences; the formation of Oguz-Turkmen emirates

(beyliks) in Asia; the growth of Osman’s emirate; the expansion of the emirate and its transformation

into the Osmanli Empire; the conquests in Anadolia and the Balkans, the fall of Istanbul; the peak of

the Osmanli power; the second siege of Vienna and the halt of Osmanli expansion; the period of

stagnation, backwardness and eventual fall of the Empire;


Basic course books:

Inalcik, H. (2002.), Osmansko Carstvo, klasično doba 1300-1600 (preveo D. Mujadžević), Zagreb.

Matuz, J. (1992.), Osmansko carstvo (preveo N. Moačanin), Zagreb.


Süleyman the Magnificent and His Age (1995.), ed. by Kunt, M. & Woodhead, Ch.; London, New

York.

McCarthy, J. (2001.), The Ottoman peoples and the end of Empire – The Ottoman Empire in the Early

Modern World, London.

11) Foundations of Arabic: the Arabic Script, Phonetics and Phonology (I);

ECTS-points: 3;

Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;

Classroom work: 2 lecture slots, 1 hour of exercises per week;



Contents: the Arabic script, the phonetic and phonological framework; the orthography and orthoepy

of Arabic;


Basic course books:

Janković, S. (1987.), Arapski izgovor s osnovama arapskog pisma, Sarajevo.

17

Abboud, P. F. (1983.), Elementary Modern Standard Arabic, Cambridge.


Cowan, D. (1964.), Modern Literary Arabic, Cambridge.

Muftić, T. (1982.), Arapsko pismo. Sarajevo.

12) Turkish: Morphology (II);

ECTS-points: 3;

Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;


lectors per week;



Contents: the Turkish verb; the finite and non-finite verb forms – morphological analyses (the

categories of time, means, person and number); the analytic and synthetic verb forms; verb aspects;

conjugation kinds, the modal and modality verb forms; the tense and means system; the morphological

framework in general;


Basic course books:



Atabay, N. & Kutluk, İ. & Özel, S. (1983.), Sözcük Türleri, Ankara.



Leningrad

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Zülfikar, H. (1991.), Terim Sorunları ve Terim Yapma Yolları, Ankara.


13) History of the Republic of Turkey;

ECTS-points: 3;

Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;



Exam: oral;

Contents: the Osmanli 19th century history: attempts to modernize the Empire – the Tanzimat reforms;

the political, social and cultural situation at the core and in the periphery of the Empire; the territorial

losses; the attempts to establish a constitutional monarchy, the dictatorship; the Young Turks

movement; the fostering of pan-Osmanli, pan-Turkish and Islamic ideas and doctrines; the 20th

century: Turkey and the First World War; the occupation and the war of liberation; the declaration of

the Republic; Kemal Ataturk; the rise of modern Turkey, the political framework, the army and

political parties; the problems of minorities and minority, cultural and religious rights; the problem of

Cyprus; the history of the Republic and its relations with the EU; possibly the education system,

culture, economic migrations and Turks in EU countries;


Basic course book:

Steinbach, U. (2003.), Geschichte der Türkei. München.


Şen, F. (1991.3), Türkei, München.

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi I, II (any edition in print)

14) Foundations of Arabic: the Arabic Script, Phonetics and Phonology (II);

ECTS-points: 3;

19

Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;




Contents: the Arabic orthography and orthoepy – revision and exercises; writing the hamza consonant;

the basic sound changes and their impact in the so-called irregular verbs and regular and fragmented

noun plurals paradigms; the definite and indefinite articles;


Basic course books:

Janković, S. (1987.), Arapski izgovor s osnovama arapskog pisma, Sarajevo.




Muftić, T. (1982.), Arapsko pismo, Sarajevo.

15) Foundations of Syntax (I);

ECTS-points: 6;

Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;


lectors per week;



Contents: syntagm kinds; the Turkish syntax as the syntax of attribution and classification; the

parataxic and hypotaxic structures of Turkish; basic sentence models;


Basic course books:

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Erguvanlı, E. (1984.): The Function of Word Order in Turkish Grammar, Los Angeles.


Atabay, N. & Özel, S. & Çam, A. (1981.), Türkiye Türkçesinin Sözdizimi, Ankara.


Leningrad.

16) Foundations of Arabic: Morphology with Syntax Elements (I);

ECTS-points: 3;

Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;




Contents: word kinds; the categories of gender, number (with an emphasis on the dual form and the

so-called fragmented noun plural) and case; more on changeable word kinds; the alignment of the

noun and its attribute (demonstratives, adjectives, numbers); the nominal sentence;


Basic course books:


Haywood, J. A. & Nahmad, H. M. (1976.), A new Arabic grammar, London



Muftić, T. (1998.), Gramatika arapskoga jezika, Sarajevo.

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17) Ancient Turkic Peoples and Languages;

ECTS-points: 3;

Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;



Exam: oral;

Contents: the general and cultural history of ancient Turkic peoples (Mongolia, China, Euroasia) and

their languages;


Basic course books:

Roemer, H. R. (2000.), History of the Turkic Peoples in the Pre-Islamic Period. Berlin.

Kafesoğlu, I. & Yıldız, H. Dursun & Merçil, E. & Saray, M. (1994.), A Short History of Turkish-

Islamic States (Excluding the Ottoman State, Ankara.


Jazyki mira – Tjurkskie jazyki (1997.), Moskva.

Bainbridge, M. (1993.), The Turkic Peoples of the World, London.

Tekin, T. & Ölmez. M. (1995.), Türk Dilleri – Les Langues Turques, Ankara.

Bozkurt, F. (1992.), Türklerin Dili, Istanbul.

18) Syntax Basics (II);

ECTS-points: 6;

Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;


lectors per week;

Requirement: successful taking of Turkish in the last semester;

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Contents: basic sentence types; Croatian main clauses and dependent compound sentences and their

translation equivalents in Turkish;


Basic course books:


Erguvanlı, E. (1984.): The Function of Word Order in Turkish Gramma, Los Angeles.


Atabay, N. & Özel, S. & Çam, A, Türkiye Türkçesinin Sözdizimi, Ankara.


Leningrad

19) Foundations of Arabic: Morphology with Syntax Elements (II);

ECTS-points: 3;

Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;




Contents: the Arabic verb; basic verb kinds; the categories of time, means, person, number, gender;

the Arabic deverbal nouns and adjectives: the masdars, participles; the simple verbal sentence;


Basic course books:


Haywood, J. A. & Nahmad, H. M. (1976.), A new Arabic grammar, London


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Muftić, T. (1998.), Gramatika arapskoga jezika, Sarajevo.

20) Contemporary Turkic Peoples and Languages;

ECTS-points: 3;

Language: Croatian;


Status: obligatory;



Exam: oral;

Contents: the contemporary Turkic peoples and their languages; the classification of Turkic languages;


Basic course books:

The Turkic Languages (1998.), ed. by L. Johanson and É. Á. Csató. London, New York.

Bainbridge, M. (1993.), The Turkic Peoples of the World, London.


Tekin, T. & Ölmez. M. (1995.), Türk Dilleri – Les Langues Turques, Ankara.

Jazyki mira – Tjurkskie jazyki (1997.), Moskva.

Bozkurt, F. (1992.), Türklerin Dili, Istanbul.

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