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Study on Carbon Budget for Ecosystems of China: Aspects and Progress
Yao Huang([email protected])
Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences
20th SC-IGBP Meeting, Feb. 19~23, 2005, Beijing
SCIENTIFIC THEMES FOR CHINESE SCIENTISTS
1. How do C sources and sinks vary over time for different ecosystems?
2. How do patterns of C sources and sinks distribute regionally?
3. Key factors driving the processes of C cycling in different ecosystems?
SCIENTIFIC THEMES FOR CHINESE SCIENTISTS
4. Responses of different ecosystems to the global change?
5. Options that can enhance the C storage and/or reduce the C emissions from different ecosystems?
Projects• Study on Carbon Budget in Terrestrial and
Marginal Sea Ecosystems of China, CBTSEClaunched by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2001~2005)
• Carbon Cycle and Driving Mechanisms in China Terrestrial Ecosystems, CCDMCTEsupported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2003~2007)
Objectives of the CBTSEC
1. To clarify the characteristics of C fluxes and reservoirs for different ecosystems
2. To address the role of climate, soil and human actions playing in the terrestrial C cycling processes
3. To compile an inventory of current C budget regarding to the terrestrial ecosystems of China
4. To evaluate the potential response of ecosystems to projected global change
5. To assess the contribution of land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) to C sink/source relationship during the last 100-year period
6. To develop techniques that can enhance the C storage and/or reduce C emissions
I: Measurements of C fluxes and reservoirs(Eddy covariance, Static chamber/GC system, RS)
Characteristics of C fluxes and reservoirsfor typical ecosystems
I: Measurements of C fluxes and reservoirs(Eddy covariance, Static chamber/GC system, RS)
Characteristics of C fluxes and reservoirsfor typical ecosystems
III: History of C
cycling: LUCCIII: History of C
cycling: LUCC
II: Biogeochemical processes of C cycling:
Responses of C cycling to climate, soil and human activities
II: Biogeochemical processes of C cycling:
Responses of C cycling to climate, soil and human activities
IV: C Model:Assimilation &
Respiration
IV: C Model:Assimilation &
Respiration
V: Patterns of C sources/ sinks and options1. Seasonal variation of C sources/sinks: Model output2. Regional distribution of C sources/sinks: Model + GIS + RS output3. Response of ecosystems to projected global change: C-model+GCM+GIS output4. Potential in enhancing C storage5. Options for mitigating C emissions and/or enhancing C storage
V: Patterns of C sources/ sinks and options1. Seasonal variation of C sources/sinks: 1. Seasonal variation of C sources/sinks: Model output2. Regional distribution of C sources/sinks: 2. Regional distribution of C sources/sinks: Model + GIS + RS output3. Response of ecosystems to projected global change: 3. Response of ecosystems to projected global change: C-model+GCM+GIS output4. Potential in enhancing C storage4. Potential in enhancing C storage5. Options for mitigating C emissions and/or enhancing C storage5. Options for mitigating C emissions and/or enhancing C storage
Framework of the CBTSECFramework of the CBTSECFramework of the CBTSEC
Topics and Progress of the CBTSEC
1 Carbon fluxes and reservoirs in typical Chinese terrestrial and marginal sea ecosystems
Key aspects:
Observations and measurements in situ
Eddy covariance
Static chamber/GC system
Remote sensing
Establishment of ChinaFlux networkEddy covariance, Static Chamber/GC, Remote Sensing
Observations and measurements in situ(Eddy Covariance)
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Ju l-02 O c t -02 Ja n -03 M a y -03 A u g -03 N o v -03 M a r-04 J u n -04 S e p -04
Temperate conifer-broadleaved forest (42°24’N, 128°28’E, 763m)Higher NEE in
forest
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
O c t -02 J a n -03 M a y -03 A u g -03 N o v -03 M a r-04 J u n -04 S e p -04
Cropland (36°57’N, 116°36’E, 20m)
Higher NEE in cropland
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
O c t -02 J a n -03 M a y -03 A u g -03 N o v -03 M a r-04 J u n -04 S e p -04
High-frigid brush (37°45’N, 101°12’E, 3200m)
Lower NEE in high-frigid brush
Observations and measurements in situ
Static chamber
Respiration from forest soil is higher than that from soils of cropland and grassland
0100
200300400
500600700
800900
07-03-02 10-01-02 12-30-02 03-30-03 06-28-03 09-26-03 12-25-03 03-24-04
Date (mm-dd-yy)
Soi
l res
pira
tion
(mgC
O2/
m2 /h
r) ForestCroplandGrassland
Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration enhanced CH4 emission from rice paddy
FACE
Ambient CO2
0
100
50
Percentage of land cover from RS
常绿针叶
落叶针叶
针阔混交
常绿阔叶
落叶阔叶
草地
灌丛
荒漠
农田
无植被
Identification of land cover from RS
0
750
375
Annual NPP from RS
2 Biogeochemical processes of C cycling in different ecosystems of China
Key aspects:Decomposition and retention of the litter-C in forest ecosystems as influenced by climate
Processes of C cycling in typical pasture ecosystems such as temperate grass and high-frigid meadow grass
Key factors and mechanisms regulating organic C balance in agricultural soils
Carbon released from litter decomposition accounted for ~30% of soil respiration in temperate conifer-broadleaved forest
Some 17% of net photosynthesis of maize and soybean is released through rhizospheric respiration
0
20
40
60
80
100
Aboveground-C Root-C Soil-C RhizosphericResp-C
Component
Par
titio
n of
net
phot
osyn
thes
is (%
)
R d = 4.74(0.36)N - 1.45(R 2 = 0.83, n =152)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 2 4 6 8
N (%)
R d (µ
mol
kg-1
s-1
)
wheatrice
Crop dark respiration increased with tissue N concentration
Plant root contributes greatly to soil carbon in grassland
3 Patterns of C sinks and sources and the response to global change
Key aspects:
Modeling C emission/assimilation
Integration of C models with GCMs, GIS and RS
Geographical and temporal patterns of C sources and sinks
Response of different ecosystems to the global change
Models are developed for the sections of forest, grassland, cropland and wetland, respectively.
Upscaling: integration of models and GIS and RS
Upscaling: daily weather (10km× 10km)
Upscaling: soil parameter (10km× 10km)
Upscaling: cropping system (10km×10km)
4 LUCC and mitigation optionsKey aspects:
Contribution of LUCC to the C cycling
Options for mitigating C emissions and/or enhancing C storage
Arable land increased from 1661 to 1950 while decreased thereafter
1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 200070
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110A
vera
ge C
LAI
Year
There is a great potential for enhancing C storage in agricultural soils
0102030405060
syntheticfertilizer
crop strawamendment
no-tillage
Agricultural practice
Con
tribu
tion
to S
OC
(%)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1/2OM CK NK NP NPK OM PK
Treatment
SO
M (g
kg-1
)
02468
1012141618
Original CK NK PK NP NPK
Treatment
SOM(
g kg
-1)
Fengqiu(after12-year)
Yingtan (after14-year)
Institutes are involved in the CBTSEC
Institute of geography science and resourceInstitute of Atmospheric PhysicsInstitute of Applied EcologyInstitute of Soil SciencesInstitute of Botany SciencesInstitute of Remote Sensing Center of Ecology and Environment SciencesChinese Ecosystem Research Network…
Thank You