study program 2021/2022 subjects of the 3-4. semesters

UP FP Pharmacy major – Obligatory subjects in the 3-4. rec. semester - Course descriptions – academic year of 2021/2022

1

University of Pécs Faculty of Pharmacy

PHARMACY Major

STUDY PROGRAM 2021/2022

Subjects of the 3-4. semesters

(obligatory subjects and criterion requirements)


2

Table of Contents

3rd semester

OPA-KD1-T Colloidics 1 _________________________________________________________________________________ 3

OPA-PC2-T Physical Chemistry 2 __________________________________________________________________________ 5

OPA-S1E-T Organic Chemistry 1 - Theory ___________________________________________________________________ 7

OPA-V1G-T Organic Chemistry 1 - Practice __________________________________________________________________ 11

OPO-AI2-T Human Anatomy, Histology and Embriology 2 _____________________________________________________ 13

OPO-G1E-T Pharmacobotany 1 - Theory ____________________________________________________________________ 15

OPO-G1G-T Pharmacobotany 1 - Practice ___________________________________________________________________ 17

OPO-H1E-T Human Physiology 1 - Theory __________________________________________________________________ 19

OPO-H1G-T Human Physiology 1 - Practice _________________________________________________________________ 24

ATT3-T Physical Education 3 _________________________________________________________________________ 28

4th semester

OPA-M1E-T Instrumental Analysis - Theory _________________________________________________________________ 29

OPA-MAG-T Instrumental Analysis - Practice _________________________________________________________________ 31

OPA-S2E-T Organic Chemistry 2 - Theory __________________________________________________________________ 33

OPA-V2G-T Organic Chemistry 2 - Practice __________________________________________________________________ 37

OPG-GI1-T Basic Principles of Pharmacy ___________________________________________________________________ 39

OPO-G1B-T Pharmaceutical Biochemistry 1 _________________________________________________________________ 42

OPO-G2E-T Pharmacobotany 2 - Theory ____________________________________________________________________ 44

OPO-G2G-T Pharmacobotany 2 - Practice ___________________________________________________________________ 47

OPO-H2E-T Human Physiology 2 - Theory __________________________________________________________________ 49

OPO-H2G-T Human Physiology 2 - Practice _________________________________________________________________ 55

ATT4-T Physical Education 4 _________________________________________________________________________ 60

OPR-HUF-O-T Final Examination in Hungarian Pharmaceutical Terminology - oral ____________________________________ 61

OPR-HUF-W-T Final Examination in Hungarian Pharmaceutical Terminology - written __________________________________ 62

OPR-SG1-T Professional Practice 1 ________________________________________________________________________ 63

ATT1..4-T Physical Education 1-4 courses _________________________________________________________________ 65


3

OPA-KD1-T COLLOIDICS 1

Course director: DR. BARNA SZILÁRD KOVÁCS, associate professor

Faculty of Natural Sciences - Department of General and Physical Chemistry [email protected]

2 credit ▪ semester exam ▪ Basic subject ▪ autumn semester ▪ recommended semester: 3

Number of hours/semester: 28 lectures + 0 practices + 0 seminars = total of 28 hours

Course headcount limitations (min.-max.): 3 – 999 Prerequisites: see your Recommended Curriculum

Topic

Learning about the types, structure, stability, chemical and physical-chemical properties and about laws of interaction of colloidal

systems.

Conditions for acceptance of the semester

Mid-term exams

Two written tests (after the 5th and 10th lessons) should be completed (min. 50%) during the semester.

Making up for missed classes

Reading material

- Obligatory literature

- Literature developed by the Department

- Notes

- Recommended literature

D. J. Shaw: Introduction to Colloid and Surface Chemistry, 4th ed. (or later), Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford 1992.,

D. F. Evans, H. Wennerström: The Colloidal Domain: Where Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Technology Meet, 2nd ed., Wiley-

VCH, New York 1999.

D. H. Everett: Basic Principles of Colloid Science, RSC, London 1988.

Lectures

1 The colloidal state

Dr. Kovács Barna Szilárd

2 Classification of colloidal systems


3 The structure of interfaces


4 Interfacial phenomena.


5 Surface tension.


6 Gas/liquid interface.


7 Interface of solution, phase boundary


8 Liquide/liquide interfaces


9 Solid/liquide interface


10 Capillary condensation. Wetting, wetting materials.


11 Adsorption phenomenon


12 Heat of adsorption, adsorption equations


13 Adsorption isotherms (Freundlich, Langmuir, Langmuir-Hückel, BET),


14 Adsorption hysteresis


15 Electric double-layer, electrokinetic potential



4

16 Electrokinetic phenomena


17 Properties of dispersed systems: distribution, morfology, degree of dispersity


18 Stability of colloidal systems, parameters that affect the stability


19 Aerosols, foams


20 Emulsions, suspensions


21 Reology, properties and methodology.


22 Macromolecular colloids


23 Properties, examination methods of macromolecular colloids


24 Association colloids


25 Micelle formation


26 Parameters that affect the micelle formation


27 Liposomes


28 Langmuir Blodget films, LB technique.


Practices

Seminars

Exam topics/questions

The colloidal state, classification of colloidal systems

The structure of interfaces, interfacial phenomena. Surface tension.

Gas/liquid interface. Interface of solution, phase boundary, liquide/liquide interfaces

Solid/liquide interface, capillary condensation. Wetting, wetting materials.

Adsorption phenomenon, heat of adsorption, adsorption equations, adsorption isotherms (Freundlich, Langmuir, Langmuir-Hückel,

BET), adsorption hysteresis.

Electric double-layer, electrokinetic potential, electrokinetic phenomena.

Properties of dispersed systems: distribution, morfology, degree of dispersity. Stability of colloidal systems, parameters that affect the

stability

Aerosols, foams, emulsions, suspensions.

Reology, properties and methodology.

Macromolecular colloids, properties, examination methods.

Association colloids, micelle formation, parameters that affect the micelle formation, liposomes, Langmuir Blodget films, LB technique.

Participants


5

OPA-PC2-T PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2

Course director: DR. GÁBOR LENTE, professor

Faculty of Natural Sciences - Department of General and Physical Chemistry [email protected]

4 credit ▪ midsemester grade ▪ Basic subject ▪ autumn semester ▪ recommended semester: 3



Topic

A strenghening of knowledge in physical chemistry by carrying out experiments in a laboratory


Completion of 12 laboratory practices according to the weekly schedule published at the beginning of the semester with at least a

satisfactory average,

Completion of the long test with at least a satisfactory result.

Mid-term exams

Long test on weeks 9 or 10 on a pre-announced date. Grading of the long test: <60% fail, 60-69% pass, 70-79% average, 80-89% good,

90-100% excellent.

Laboratory notebook records of the completion of a given task after each laboratory practice.


Perform the missing laboratory practice at a time individually agreed with the teacher, no more than once per semester. Participation at

the laboratory safety training during the first week of the semester is compulsory, students who miss it cannot begin experimental work.

Reading material


P. W. Atkins: Physical Chemistry (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000)


http://kemia.ttk.pte.hu/pages/fizkem/oktatas/Practical.pdf

- Notes



D B Hibbert; J Justin Gooding Data analysis for chemistry : an introductory guide for students and laboratory scientists, Oxford

University Press, 2006

Lectures

Practices

1-56 Temperature dependent decomposition of acetyl-salicylic acid

Determination of the dissociation constant of a weak acid by conductometry

Quantitative description of an adsorption process by the Langmuir isotherm

Partition equilibrium of I2 between two phases

Catalysis, inhibition and promoter effect in the decomposition reaction of H2O2

Determination of the selectivity coefficient of an ion selective electrode

Determination of solubility product and enthalpy of solution by conductometry

Determination of acid dissociation constant of a weak acid by pH-potentiometry

Determination of the dissociation constant of a pH-indicator

Measuring the viscosity of solutions with Ostwald viscometer

Determination of the enthalpy of neutralization by calorimetry

Measuring the surface tension of liquids

A phase study of the chloroform-acetic acid-water ternary system

Seminars


http://kemia.ttk.pte.hu/fizkem-en/OPA-PC2-T



http://kemia.ttk.pte.hu/fizkem-en/OPA-PC2-T


6

Participants

Dr. Kiss András (P25YGK), Dr. Lente Gábor (UKN03H), Dr. Ősz Katalin (UH9V32)


7

OPA-S1E-T ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 - THEORY

Course director: DR. TAMÁS KÁLAI, professor

Department of Organic and Pharmacological Chemistry [email protected]

4 credit ▪ semester exam ▪ Basic subject ▪ autumn semester ▪ recommended semester: 3



Topic

This subject is a part of chemistry basics. Its aim is to present the nomenclature, structure, physical and chemical properties, synthesis,

reaction mechanisms and application of organic compounds.


Maximum of 25 % absence allowed

Mid-term exams

Students write tests from the subject of the lecture on 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th week and at least three of them must be completed better

than 50 %. Those who can not complete these tests can not admit to the exam.

Further criterion of admission to the exam is the successful completion of the practice carried out in paralell (midsemester grade with the

result different from failed).


Students have to contact the lecturer of the subject.

Reading material


John McMurry, Eric Simanek: Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 6th ed., Thomson Brooks, Belmont, 2007.


The slides of the lectures are available on neptun Meet Street.

- Notes


T. W. Graham Solomons: Organic Chemistry, 7th edition, Wiley and Sons, New York, 2000.

William H. Brown: Organic Chemistry, Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth, 1995.

Lectures

1 The nature of chemical bonds; Hybridization; Polar covalent bonds, electronegativity; Acids and bases: Bronsted-Lowry and

Lewis definition

Dr. Kálai Tamás


Lewis definition

Dr. Kálai Tamás


Lewis definition

Dr. Kálai Tamás

4 Application of theoretical basics in examples

Dr. Kálai Tamás

5 The system of organic compounds, functional groups, reaction mechanisms

Dr. Kálai Tamás

6 The system of organic compounds, functional groups, reaction mechanisms

Dr. Kálai Tamás

7 Spectrometric structure identification of organic compounds

Dr. Kálai Tamás

8 Application of theoretical basics in examples

Dr. Kálai Tamás

9 Isomerism and stereochemistry: constitutional isomerism, conformation, cis-trans isomerism, chirality, optical activity, specific

rotation, enantiomers and diastereomers, relative and absolute configuration

Dr. Kálai Tamás


8



Dr. Kálai Tamás



Dr. Kálai Tamás

12 Application of basics of stereochemistry in examples

Dr. Kálai Tamás

13 Alkanes and cycloalkanes; Orbital hybridization and the structure of alkanes; Nomenclature, physical and chemical properties,

conformation

Dr. Kálai Tamás


conformation

Dr. Kálai Tamás


conformation

Dr. Kálai Tamás

16 The mechanism of radical substitution and the stability of radicals

Dr. Kálai Tamás

17 Unsaturated hydrocarbons: sp2 and sp hybridization, nomenclature, physical properties, reactions and synthesis of alkenes and

alkynes

Dr. Kálai Tamás


alkynes

Dr. Kálai Tamás


alkynes

Dr. Kálai Tamás

20 Examples for electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes and alkynes

Dr. Kálai Tamás

21 Importance of unsaturated hydrocarbons in industry and biology: polymerization, isoprene, terpenes, steroids, carotenoids

Dr. Kálai Tamás


Dr. Kálai Tamás


Dr. Kálai Tamás

24 Biosynthesis of terpenes

Dr. Kálai Tamás

25 Aromatic compounds: the structure of benzene, Hückel’s rule. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Substituent effects

in electrophilic aromatic substitution. Oxidation and reduction of aromatic compounds; Polycyclic compounds

Dr. Kálai Tamás



Dr. Kálai Tamás



Dr. Kálai Tamás

28 Application of directing effect in organic syntheses

Dr. Kálai Tamás

29 Alkyl halides: the character of C-X bonds, synthesis and reactions of alkyl halides; Nucleophilic substitution reactions, SN1,

SN2, eliminations; Organic halides in the environment

Pápayné Dr. Sár Cecilia







32 Classification of nucleophiles, examples for nucleophilic substitution reactions



9

33 Organometallic compounds: their importance in organic syntheses (Mg, Na, Li, Zn, Si, Cu, Cd compounds)






36 Examples for the usefulness of organometallic reagents in nucleophilic addition and substitution reactions


37 Alcohols: Structure, synthesis, physical and chemical properties, reactions; Their biological importance






40 Application of alcohols in nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions


41 Phenols and ethers: Structure, synthesis, physical and chemical properties, reactions; Their biological importance: polyphenols






44 Application of phenols in synthetic organic chemistry


45 Sulfur containing compounds: Physical, chemical properties and synthesis of thiols and sulfides; Their importance in biological

processes (in amino acids, peptides, methylation in biology, AcCo-A, drugs)








48 Some practical examples for the reactions of sulfur containing compounds


49 Overview of reaction mechanisms: radical, electrophilic and nucleophilic substitutions, electrophilic additions, eliminations






52 How to determine the mechanism of a given organic reaction?


53 Examples for solving exam questions


54 Examples for solving exam questions


55 Summary


56 Summary


Practices

Seminars


1.) Alkanes: Orbital hybridization and the structure of alkanes; Nomenclature, physical and chemical properties, combustion, free radical

chlorination, conformation, cycloalkanes, type of ring strains, demonstrate with examples.

2. Unsaturated hydrocarbons: sp2 and sp hybridization, nomenclature, physical properties, reactions and synthesis of alkenes and alkynes.

Electrophilic addition, Markovnikovs rule, 1,2- and 1,4-addition, conjugated and cumulated dienes.


10

3. Importance of unsaturated hydrocarbons in industry and biology; polymerization, isoprene, terpenes, steroids, carotenoids, polymers,

rubber

4. Aromatic compounds: the structure of benzene, Hückels rule. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. (Nitation, sulfonation,

bromination, Friedel-Crafts reactions), direction rules, classification of substituents, polyaromatics: examples, their chemical

reactions aromatic electophilic substitution, oxidation.

5. Alkyl halides: the character of C-X bonds, physical properties, reactivity of alkyl halides, synthesis of alkyl and aromatic halides, and

reactions of alkyl halides (substitution, elimination); Organic halides in the environment.

6. Organometallic compounds: their structure, their importance in organic syntheses (Mg, Na, Li, Si, Cu, Cd compounds).

7. Alcohols, phenols, ethers: Structure, physical and chemical properties, reactions; Their biological importance.

8. Stereochemistry: isomerism, absolute and relative configuration, chirality, racemates, diastereomers, polarimetry, resolution.

9. Sulfur containing compounds: Physical, chemical properties, importance in biological processes (in amino acids, peptides, methylation

in biology, AcCo-A, drugs, sulfonamides, penicillin, cefalosporin).

Participants


11

OPA-V1G-T ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 - PRACTICE



3 credit ▪ midsemester grade ▪ Basic subject ▪ autumn semester ▪ recommended semester: 3



Topic

The aims of this course are to introduce students into several basic laboratory techniques and to demonstrate some characteristic reactions

of organic compounds with various functional groups.



Mid-term exams

The organic chemistry laboratory course will be graded (1-5), based on the two written tests on 6th and 11th week, first of all. The

evaluation can be modified by grades of semi-micro preparations, success of unknown identification as well as the outlook of the records

of exercise book.


Students have to contact their lab TA within 48 hours of missing lab to make the necessary arrangements.

Reading material



Kálai, T., Bognár, B. Organic Chemisry Laboratory Manual, Dept. of Org. and Med. Chem., Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, 2010.

- Notes


Charles F. Wilcox, Jr., Mary F. Wilcox: Experimental Organic Chemistry: a Small-scale Approach, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, London, 1995.

Dana W. Mayo, Ronald M. Pike, Peter K. Trumper: Microscale Organic Laboratory with Multistep and Multiscale Syntheses, 3rd

ed., Wiley, New York, 1994.

Lectures

Practices

1 General instructions for work in the laboratory, safety precautions. Introduction to use of common laboratory apparatus.

Characteristic reactions of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.





4 Basic laboratory operations I.: Synthesis of acetanilide (heating, cooling, stirring, filtration with vacuum, crystallisation).



7 Basic laboratory operations II: Determination of the melting point, separation of dies with column chromatography; Characteristic

tube reactions of alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and alkenes.

8 Basic laboratory operations II: Determination of the melting point, separation of dies with column chromatography;

Characteristic tube reactions of alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and alkenes.

9 Basic laboratory operations II: Determination of the melting point, separation of dies with column chromatography; Characteristic

tube reactions of alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and alkenes.

10 Basic laboratory operations III: Synthesis of tert-butyl-chloride (extraction, drying, filtration, distillation, determination of the

boiling point); Identification of 1st unknown compound.





13 Synthesis of p-bromo-acetanilide and p-nitro-acetanilide. Characteristic tube reactions of alkyl halides.



16 1st written test; Characteristic tube reactions of alcohols, phenols and ethers.


12



19 Synthesis of fluorenol with reduction and fluorenone with oxidation; Identification of 2nd unknown compound;



22 Basic laboratory operations IV: thin layer chromatography, introduction to infrared spectroscopy. Isolation of piperine.



25 Preparation of 4-amino-benzenesulfonamide and nitrobenzene.






31 2nd written test. Characteristic reactions of amines.



34 Preparation of anthranilic acid; Identification of 3rd unknown compound.



37 Preparation of 2-iodobenzoic acid;



40 Evaluation.

41 Evaluation.

42 Evaluation.

Seminars


The written tests will contain the matter of practice.

Participants

Dr. Bognár Balázs (U34DM4), Dr. Kálai Tamás (BDF5M9)


13

OPO-AI2-T HUMAN ANATOMY, HISTOLOGY AND EMBRIOLOGY 2

Course director: DR. BALÁZS OPPER, assistant professor

Department of Anatomy [email protected]

2 credit ▪ semester exam ▪ Med.-biol. theoretical module and practical skills subject ▪ autumn semester ▪ recommended semester: 3



Topic

The subject describes the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the human body. Students will learn in lectures (1x45 min/week)

and seminars (1x90 min. every even week) how the organs are built up. In the second part of the 2-Semester study macroscopic and

microscopic anatomy of the reproductive system, endocrine organs and the nervous system are represented with the aid of formalin-fixed

cadavers, organ preparations and plastic models. General embryology includes the most important steps of the human development.



Mid-term exams


The seminars can be made up with the attendance in the seminar of another pharmacy group of the same week (only twice in a semester

possible)

Reading material


http://an-server.pote.hu



- Notes




Lectures

1 Male genital organs

Dr. Kiss Péter

2 Female genital organs 1. Ovarium, tuba uterina, uterus. The ovulation and the menstruation cyclus.

Dr. Tamás Andrea

3 Female genital organs 2. Pregnancy, placenta. Vagina, external genital organs.

Dr. Tamás Andrea

4 Parts of the nervous system. Peripheral nervous system.

Dr. Füredi Nóra Judit

5 Macroscopic structure of the central nervous system. (Main parts, ventricles, meninges, blood supply)

Dr. Gaszner Tamás

6 Nervous tissue.

Dr. Füredi Nóra Judit

7 The main parts of the human development. Main steps during the zygote and the embryonic period.

Dr. Kiss Péter

8 Sensory pathways

Dr. Kovács László Ákos

9 Motor pathways

Dr. Kovács László Ákos

10 The endocrine glands

Dr. Opper Balázs

11 The autonomic nervous system

Dr. Opper Balázs

12 Structure of the visual system

Dr. Horváth-Opper Gabriella

http://an-server.pote.hu/





14

13 Structure of the auditory and the vestibular system

Dr. Horváth-Opper Gabriella

14 Fetal period. Signs of the maturity od the newborn baby. Malformations and their causes.

Dr. Farkas Boglárka Anett

Practices

Seminars

1 Anatomy: organs of the lesser pelvis

2 Anatomy: organs of the lesser pelvis

3 Histology: ovary, uterus, vagina, testis, prostate gland

4 Histology: ovary, uterus, vagina, testis, prostate gland

5 Anatomy: spinal cord, meninges, cranial nerves

6 Anatomy: spinal cord, meninges, cranial nerves

7 Anatomy: macroscopic structure of the brain

8 Anatomy: macroscopic structure of the brain

9 Histology: peripheral nerve, spinal cord, cerebellum, neocortex

10 Histology: peripheral nerve, spinal cord, cerebellum, neocortex

11 Histology: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, suprarenal gland

12 Histology: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, suprarenal gland

13 Anatomy: eye, inner and middle ear with models

14 Anatomy: eye, inner and middle ear with models


Written test (A chance) at the beginning of the exam period. B, C and D chances are oral exams.


Participants

Dr. Füredi Nóra Judit (WD29KK), Dr. Pham Dániel (G6T2FO), Sparks Jason (JIMJ9I), Szabó Edina Ivett (CQY1BL)



15

OPO-G1E-T PHARMACOBOTANY 1 - THEORY

Course director: DR. ÁGNES FARKAS, associate professor

Department of Pharmacognosy [email protected]




Topic

Pharmacobotany covers all pharmaceutical aspects of botany, including cytology, histology and morphology of plants. Based on their

anatomical and morphological knowledge, students will be able to identify and characterize medicinal plant species. The thorough

knowledge of both general and specific pharmacobotany is a prerequisite of studying pharmacognosy.



Mid-term exams

Students have to pass (min. 60%) two written exams based on lecture materials.

For each test, maximum two other chances (B and C chance) will be offered for students who do not pass the exam on the first occassion

(A chance).


Lecture materials can be downloaded from the website of the Department of Pharmacognosy (Educational Materials).

Reading material


Á. Farkas: Pharmacobotany 1, University of Pécs, Institute of Pharmacognosy, Pécs, 2010


Farkas Á., Papp N., Bencsik T., Horváth Gy.: Digital Herbarium and Drug Atlas, electronic learning material, 2014 TÁMOP-

4.1.2.A/1-11/1-2011-0016

- Notes


D.F. Cutler, T. Botha, D.W. Stevenson: Plant Anatomy. An Applied Approach, Wiley-Blackwell, 2008

R.F. Evert, S.E. Eichhorn: Esaus Plant Anatomy: Meristems, Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body: Their Structure, Function and

Development, 3rd edition, Wiley

A. Fahn: Plant Anatomy, 4th edition

Lectures

1 Structure of the plant cell. Plastids and inclusions.

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

2 Structure of the cell wall.

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

3 Plant tissues I. Meristematic tissues.

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

4 Plant tissues II. Epidermal tissue; stomata, trichomes, secondary epidermis.

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

5 Plant tissues III. Vascular tissues; vascular bundle types.

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

6 Plant tissues IV. Ground tissues: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, secretory tissues.

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

7 1st written exam

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

8 Root morphology. Modified roots. Root anatomy

Dr. Filep Rita

9 Shoot morphology and anatomy. Shoot types.

Dr. Filep Rita

10 Leaf morphology and anatomy. Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis). Leaf venation.

Dr. Filep Rita


16

11 Flower morphology. Inflorescence types.

Dr. Purger Dragica

12 Fertilisation, embryogenesis, ovule and seed. Fruit types.

Dr. Purger Dragica

13 2nd written exam

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

14 Taxonomic categories, chemotaxonomic relations, rules of nomenclature.

Dr. Purger Dragica

Practices

Seminars


The criterion of admission to the exam is the successful completion of the practice carried out in paralell (midsemester grade with the


The grades of the 2 written lecture tests serve as the basis of the final course grade.

Exam topics:

1. Structure of the plant cell.

2. Plastids and inclusions.

3. Structure of the cell wall.

4. Meristematic tissues.

5. Epidermal tissue; stomata.

6. Trichomes, secondary epidermis.

7. Vascular tissues

8. Vascular bundle types.

9. Ground tissues: parenchyma, collenchyma.

10. Ground tissues: sclerenchyma, secretory tissues.

11. Root morphology and anatomy

12. Modified roots.

13. Shoot morphology and anatomy.

14. Shoot types.

15. Leaf morphology and anatomy.

16. Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis). Leaf venation.

17. Flower morphology.

18. Inflorescence types.

19. Fertilisation, embryogenesis, ovule and seed.

20. Fruit types: dehiscent fruits.

21. Fruit types: indehiscent fruits.

22. Fruit types: compound and aggregate fruits.

Participants


17

OPO-G1G-T PHARMACOBOTANY 1 - PRACTICE



1 credit ▪ midsemester grade ▪ Med.-biol. theoretical module and practical skills subject ▪ autumn semester ▪ recommended semester: 3



Topic

Pharmacobotany covers all pharmaceutical aspects of botany, including cytology, histology and morphology of plants. Based on their

anatomical and morphological knowledge, students will be able to identify and characterize medicinal plant species. The thorough

knowledge of both general and specific pharmacobotany is a prerequisite of studying pharmacognosy.



Mid-term exams

Students have to pass (min. 60%) two written exams based on the practice materials. For each test, maximum two other chances (B and

C chance) will be offered for students who do not pass the exam on the first occassion (A chance).

In the practice, students have to take notes and prepare drawings based on microscopic examinations. Students have to show their lab

notebook to the practice leader, who acknowledges fulfillment of the practice by his/her signature.

The grades of the 2 written practical tests and the lab notebook serve as the basis of the practical grade.


Participation is compulsory in lab practices; up to 2 absences are allowed. Missed practices can be made up either by joining the other

groups or taking extra time at the following lab practice. In all cases, students must make arrangements with their lab instructors in

advance.

Reading material


N. Papp: Pharmacobotany Practices, University of Pécs, Institute of Pharmacognosy, Pécs, 2011



4.1.2.A/1-11/1-2011-0016

- Notes

Á. Farkas: Pharmacobotany 1, University of Pécs, Institute of Pharmacognosy, Pécs, 2010


D.F. Cutler, T. Botha, D.W. Stevenson: Plant Anatomy. An Applied Approach, Wiley-Blackwell, 2008

Lectures

Practices

1 Use of the light microscope. Microscopic techniques and preparations (leaf clearing, cross sections, epidermal peels). Plastids

and inclusions of the plant cell. Microscopic examination of cleared leaves and starch grains.

2 Chemical substances (cellulose, lignin) and thickening types of the cell wall. Investigation of vacuolar content (inulin, alkaloids,

tannins, anthocyanins). Microscopic examination of calcium oxalate and calcium carbonate crystals.

3 The root and shoot tip; meristematic tissues. Microscopic examination of cambium types.

4 Examination of the leaf epidermis and its appendages with light microscope (cross sections, epidermal casts, cleared preparations)

and stereo microscope .

5 Microscopic study of the vascular tissue system and mechanical tissues in stem cross sections.

6 Microscopic examination of ground tissues. Plant secretory systems (schizogenous, lysigenous cavities, laticifers, glandular

trichomes, glandular scales, nectaries). Study of aerenchyma and nutrient storing gorund tissue.

7 Identification of various plant tissues in microscope slides.

8 Morphological analysis of the root and its modifications. Microscopic examination of the tissue structure of true and modified

roots.

9 Shoot system types, shoot modifications. Microscopic examination of the tissue structure of above ground and below ground

shoot types.

10 Leaf types, leaf arrangement, parts of the leaf. Shape, margin and venation of leaves, leaf modifications. Study of leaf traits on

herbarium specimens. Microscopic analysis of leaf cross sections.


18

11 Morphological analysis of the flower: perianth, androecium, gynoecium. Floral formula, floral diagram. Microscopic study of

flower parts.

12 Morphological investigation of inflorescences. Identification of inflorescence type on herbarium specimens. Microscopic

examination of capitulum.

13 Fruit morphology: Dry dehiscent and indehiscent fruits.

14 Fruit morphology: Fleshy fruits, compound fruits and false fruits.

Seminars


1. Structure of the plant cell.

2. Plastids and inclusions.

3. Structure of the cell wall.

4. Meristematic tissues.

5. Epidermal tissue; stomata.

6. Trichomes, secondary epidermis.

7. Vascular tissues

8. Vascular bundle types.

9. Ground tissues: parenchyma, collenchyma.

10. Ground tissues: sclerenchyma, secretory tissues.

11. Root morphology and anatomy

12. Modified roots.

13. Shoot morphology and anatomy.

14. Shoot types.

15. Leaf morphology and anatomy.

16. Leaf arrangement (phyllotaxis). Leaf venation.

17. Flower morphology.

18. Inflorescence types.

19. Fertilisation, embryogenesis, ovule and seed.

20. Fruit types: dehiscent fruits.

21. Fruit types: indehiscent fruits.

22. Fruit types: compound and aggregate fruits.

Participants

Dr. Farkas Ágnes (DKQUBQ), Dr. Filep Rita (F043XU), Dr. Papp Nóra (S3PA4G), Dr. Purger Dragica (FCCWBF)


19

OPO-H1E-T HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 1 - THEORY

Course director: DR. PÉTER BUZÁS, associate professor

Institute of Physiology [email protected]




The subject can only be registered in case of a PASSED and valid health aptitude test!

Topic

The most important mission of the Physiology Course in medical education is to familiarize students with the attributes of healthy

functions of the living organism.

While acquiring knowledge about the most important functional characteristics of the human body the students can rely on their prior

studies in biology, biophysics, chemistry-biochemistry and anatomy.

During the semester we introduce the most important elements of functioning of the organs and organ systems, as well as their cooperation

also required to adapting to the environment, and the factors affecting these processes.

Special emphasis is placed on the neural and humoral regulatory processes of these life-functions, which are vital to maintain and preserve

the homeostasis of the organism.

With the transfer of all this knowledge we would like to mould a holistic attitude and thinking of students, which will enable them to

better understand the functions of the now healthy, however, later dysfunctional human organism.



Mid-term exams

Written test on the 11th week Friday at 16:00.


The missed lab practice is advised to be covered by joining another group while the same topic is on schedule.

Reading material


Guyton & Hall: Textbook of Medical Physiology (Elsevier), 13th ed. (2015)


Figures of the lectures given are available on the homepage of Institute of Physiology and on the Neptun Meet Street.

Important messages on new information will be announced at the lectures and will be sent to you by course mails.

Please always find the current updated information and study materials on the homepage of the Institute of Physiology

(physiology.aok.pte.hu).

- Notes

Homepage of PTE ÁOK Institute of Physiology: Physiology Lab Practices 1, internet study material, printable notebook, 2019

Homepage of PTE ÁOK Institute of Physiology: Physiology Lab Practice Worksheets 1, internet study material, printable notebook, 2019


Kandel, Schwartz, Jessel, Siegelbaum, Hudspeth: Principles of Neural Sciences, 5th ed. (2012)

Kim Barrett, Susan Barman, Jason Yuan, Heddwen Brooks Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, McGraw-Hill Education 26th

Edition (2019)

Lectures

1 Introduction. Principles of the homeostatic regulations.

Dr. László Kristóf

2 Cellular transport processes. Humoral control mechanisms.

Dr. Környei József László

3 Basics of cellular excitability: equilibrium potential, electrotonic potential, and action potential.

Dr. Buzás Péter

4 Electrophysiology of synapses. Neurochemical basis of neurotransmission.

Dr. Buzás Péter

5 The functioning of the neuromuscular junction. Regulation of the motor unit function.

Dr. Buzás Péter

physiology.aok.pte.hu


20

6 Molecular mechanism of muscle contraction. Mechanics, energetics and heat production of muscle contraction.


7 Electric characteristics of muscle contraction, muscle tone, fatigue. Contraction of smooth muscle.


8 The functioning of sensory neurons.

Dr. Barabás Klaudia

9 The autonomic nervous system.


10 Fluid distribution in the body. The blood.

Dr. Zelena Dóra Tímea

11 The importance of the inorganic and organic components of the blood.

Kertes Erika

12 The physiological role of leukocytes.

Kertes Erika

13 Red blood cells. Hemoglobin. Iron metabolism.

Dr. Péczely László Zoltán

14 Thrombocytes. Blood clotting.

Dr. Szabó István

15 Blood group systems.

Dr. Szabó István

16 The cardiac cycle. Impulse generation and conduction in the heart.


17 Electrocardiogram.

Dr. Gálosi Rita

18 Pressure and volume changes in the heart. Heart sounds.


19 Cardiac output and cardiac work. Blood pressure, arterial pulse.


20 Principles of hemodynamics.

Dr. Kóbor Péter

21 Circulation through the capillaries. Venous circulation. The lymphatic system.

Dr. Kóbor Péter

22 Pulmonary circulation. Circulation of the skin and skeletal muscle. Splanchnic circulation.

Dr. Kóbor Péter

23 Cerebral blood flow. Coronary circulation.

Dr. Kóbor Péter

24 Local, neural and humoral regulation in the cardiovascular system.


25 Mechanics of respiration. Intrathoracic pressure changes. Compliance. Lung volumes and capacities. Functions of airways.

Dr. Ráczné Dr. Mikó-Baráth Eszter

26 Gas exchange in the lungs and tissues. O2 and CO2 transport, pH regulation.


27 Chemical control of respiration. Neural regulatory mechanisms of respiration. Acclimatization.

Dr. Pál József

28 The gastrointestinal tract. Digestive processes in the mouth. Digestion in the stomach.

Dr. Buzásné Dr. Telkes Ildikó

29 Duodenum and gallbladder. Digestion and absorption in the small intestine.


30 Physiology of liver function.


31 The function of the large intestine. Feces formation and defecation.

Dr. Ollmann Tamás

32 Humoral and neural control of the gastrointestinal system.


33 Energy balance. Metabolism.

Kertes Erika

34 Principles of nutrition. Vitamins.

Kertes Erika


21

35 Body temperature. Fever.

Kertes Erika

36 Peripheral and central control of body temperature.

Kertes Erika

37 The functioning of the glomerulus. Renal blood flow.


38 Regulation of GFR and RBF. Quantitative characterisation of kidney function.

Dr. Kovács Gergely

39 Transport processes in the tubular system.


40 Concentrating and diluting mechanisms in the kidney. Osmoregulation.


41 Fluid volume regulation. The renin-angiotensin system. Mechanism of micturition.


42 Regulation of the acid-base balance.

Péliné Dr. Kovács Anita

Practices

Seminars


Topics of questions for the theoretical examination

1. Membrane potential and action potential: explain their ionic mechanisms. Membrane properties of CNS neurons

2. The compound action potential. Conductive properties of various nerve fibres

3. Neurochemistry of synapses, neurotransmitters, postsynaptic receptors and neuromodulators. EPSP, IPSP

4. The neuromuscular junction

5. Structural and functional differences between skeletal and smooth muscles. Mechanism of smooth muscle contraction

6. Molecular mechanism of muscle contraction. The regulatory role of calcium ion

7. Mechanical characteristics of muscle. Differentiation of fast and slow twitch muscle fibres. Role of the connective tissue in the

function of muscles

8. Mechanism of fatigue

9. Electromyography (EMG)

10. The source of energy for muscle contraction (aerobe and anaerobe processes). Heat production during contraction-relaxation cycle

11. Describe the body fluid compartments and explain the methods used for measurement of body fluid volumes

12. Describe the major plasma proteins and the other non-electrolytic constituents of blood and explain their function in the body

13. Describe the intra- and extracellular ionic components and explain their physiological functions

14. The structure, function and origin of erythrocytes

15. Characterize the various leukocytes indicating their origins and functions

16. Origin and function of blood platelets

17. The basic structure and metabolism of haemoglobin and the metabolism of iron

18. Describe the two pathways involved in the initiation of blood coagulation

19. Specific mechanism of clot formation

20. Describe the mechanism of fibrinolysis. Explain the significance of anticlotting mechanism

21. Regulation of H+ ion concentration in the blood

22. A-B-0 blood groups. The Rh blood types

23. The role of leukocytes in the defence mechanism

24. Mechanical activity of the heart and the three-component model of heart muscle. Calcium ion movements within the cardiac muscle cell

25. Generators and conductors of impulses in the heart. Refractory periods

26. The sequence of events in the cardiac cycle

27. The human electrocardiogram (ECG). Electrocardiography: bipolar and unipolar leads

28. The heart sounds. Phonocardiography (PCG)

29. Cardiac output: measurement, normal standards and physiological variations

30. Metabolism and energetics of cardiac muscle

31. Ventricular wall tension and the Laplace relationship

32. The heart-lung preparation (Starling`s laws)

33. Arterial blood pressure: determinants of normal arterial blood pressure

34. The arterial and the venous pulse. Basic principles of hemodynamics.

35. Circulation through the capillaries


22

36. The properties, production and the movement of lymph

37. Circulation in the vein. Effect of gravity on circulation

38. The pulmonary circulation. Control of lung vessels

39. The coronary circulation

40. Cerebral circulation. The concept of blood-brain barrier.

41. Splanchnic circulation

42. Skeletal muscle circulation. Cutaneous circulation

43. Nervous control of the heart

44. Control mechanisms of the circulatory system: general considerations

45. Local control of the vascular smooth muscle

46. Autoregulation of blood flow in tissues and organs

47. The function and importance of baroreceptors in the regulation of circulation

48. Reflex control mechanisms of circulation

49. Mechanisms of vasoconstriction and vasodilatation

50. Mechanics of respiration (functions of respiratory muscles, compliance, intrathoracic pressures, respiratory volumes)

51. Alveolar air, alveolar ventilation, dead spaces. Function of the respiratory passageways

52. Gaseous exchange in the lungs and tissues

53. O2 and CO2 transport in the body

54. Peripheral and central regulatory mechanisms of respiration. Respiratory reflexes

55. Chemical control of respiration. Acidosis, alkalosis

56. Different types of hypoxia. Oxygen treatment. Mechanisms of acclimatisation. Nitrogen narcosis. Decompression sickness

57. Describe the origin, composition, function and control of salivary secretion

58. Describe the origin, nature and function of gastric secretion indicating the mechanisms of regulation

59. Mechanism and regulation of gastrointestinal movements

60. Identify the pancreatic secretions, their components, their action and the substrates on which they act. Control mechanism of

pancreatic secretion

61. Describe the basic ingredients and functions of the bile indicating the origin and fate of the components and the factors controlling

bile secretions and gall bladder functions

62. Identify the components and functions of the intestinal system

63. Describe how carbohydrate is digested and absorbed indicating the enzymes involved

64. Describe how fat is digested and absorbed indicating the enzymes and secretions involved

65. Describe how protein is digested and absorbed indicating the enzymes and secretions involved

66. Basal metabolic rate. Describe factors influencing the basal metabolism

67. Define metabolic rate explaining those factors influencing the total expenditure of energy by the body

68. Describe the necessary elements of normal diet

69. The normal body temperature and its physiological variations. Hyperthermia, fever, hypothermia

70. Chemical regulation of body temperature, changes of regulation at low and high environmental temperature

71. Physical regulation of body temperature, changes of regulation at low and high environmental temperature

72. Central regulatory mechanisms of heat production and heat loss

73. Dynamics of glomerular filtration. Glomerular filtration rate. Plasma clearance

74. Renal blood flow. Clearance of PAH. Extraction ratio. Filtration fraction

75. Regulation of renal blood flow and pressure. Renin-angiotensin system

76. Reabsorption and secretion of different substances in the renal tubule. Methods for their investigation

77. Concentrating and diluting mechanisms of the kidney

78. Fluid volume regulation of the body

79. Regulation of concentrations of ions in the extracellular fluid. Regulation of osmolality of body fluids

Questions for the student lab report:

1. Hematocrit

2. Red blood cell counting

3. White blood cell counting

4. Differential leukocyte count

5. Determination of osmotic resistance

6. Determination of hemoglobin concentration

7. MCV, MCH, MCHC values

8. Bleeding time. Clotting time. Prothrombin time.

9. Blood group determination (AB0 and Rh typing)

10. Respiratory pressure and volume changes: Donders model


23

11. Pulmonary function tests: volumes and capacities of the human lungs

12. Pulmonary function tests: dynamic parameters of respiration

13. Recording of heart beats "in situ"; Effect of thermal stimulations

14. How to use work stations for electrophysiological registrations

15. Electric stimulation of heart and demonstration of extrasystole

16. Investigation of pacemakers and electric conduction system of heart (Ligatures of Stannius)

17. Summation and the Bowditch's "All or nothing" law

18. Effect of ions on the isolated heart

19. Effect of adrenalin and acetylcholine on the isolated heart

20. Electrocardiography (ECG): the ECG leads and the normal electrocardiogram

21. Examination of the arterial pulse

22. Measurement of blood pressure in human

23. Cyclic changes in the blood pressure

24. Examination of saliva: pH, investigation of alfa-amylase

25. Gastric juice: Determination of BAO, MAO, PAO

26. Feces: Detection of blood

27. The muscle-nerve preparation. Registration of single twitch, superposition, incomplete and complete tetanus

28. Effect of load and fatigue on muscle contraction.

29. Electromyography in humans

30. Contraction and regulation of smooth muscle

Study material for the semester exam is the sum total of information covered in the obligatory textbook, on the homepage of the Institute,

as well as knowledge given at the lectures and lab practices.

Participants


24

OPO-H1G-T HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 1 - PRACTICE



2 credit ▪ midsemester grade ▪ Med.-biol. theoretical module and practical skills subject ▪ autumn semester ▪ recommended semester: 3




Topic













Mid-term exams




Reading material








- Notes






Edition (2019)

Lectures

Practices

1 Getting acquainted with the laboratory. General information, schedules. Personal- and equipment safety rules. Animal care

regulations.

2 Introduction: transport through cell membrane, membrane potentials, action potentials, neuromuscular junction

3 Experiments on muscles using computer simulation

4 Examination of fatigue. Electromyography.

5 Examinations of blood I.

6 Examinations of blood I.

7 Examinations of blood II.

8 Examinations of blood II.

9 Examinations of blood III.



25

10 Examinations of blood III.

11 Physiology of blood.

12 Physiology of blood. Oral report.

13 Work stations for electrophysiological registrations.

14 Work stations for electrophysiological registrations.

15 The heart and circulation I.

16 The heart and circulation I.

17 The heart and circulation II.

18 The heart and circulation II.

19 The heart and circulation III.

20 The heart and circulation III.

21 Physiology of the heart and circulation.

22 Physiology of the heart and circulation. Oral report.

23 Examinations of respiration.

24 Examinations of respiration.

25 Gastrointestinal tract.

26 Gastrointestinal tract. Oral report.

27 Discussion of the laboratory practices and oral examen.

28 Discussion of the laboratory practices and oral examen.

Seminars










function of muscles

















24. Mechanical activity of the heart and the three-component model of heart muscle. Calcium ion movements within the cardiac muscle

cell








32. The heart-lung preparation (Starling`s laws)



26







40. Cerebral circulation. The concept of blood-brain barrier.











































1. Hematocrit

2. Red blood cell counting

3. White blood cell counting

4. Differential leukocyte count

5. Determination of osmotic resistance

6. Determination of hemoglobin concentration

7. MCV, MCH, MCHC values

8. Bleeding time. Clotting time. Prothrombin time.


27

9. Blood group determination (AB0 and Rh typing)

10. Respiratory pressure and volume changes: Donders model

11. Pulmonary function tests: volumes and capacities of the human lungs

12. Pulmonary function tests: dynamic parameters of respiration

13. Recording of heart beats "in situ"; Effect of thermal stimulations

14. How to use work stations for electrophysiological registrations

15. Electric stimulation of heart and demonstration of extrasystole

16. Investigation of pacemakers and electric conduction system of heart (Ligatures of Stannius)

17. Summation and the Bowditch's "All or nothing" law

18. Effect of ions on the isolated heart

19. Effect of adrenalin and acetylcholine on the isolated heart

20. Electrocardiography (ECG): the ECG leads and the normal electrocardiogram

21. Examination of the arterial pulse

22. Measurement of blood pressure in human

23. Cyclic changes in the blood pressure

24. Gastric juice: Determination of BAO, MAO, PAO

25. Bile: detection of bile pigments

26. Feces: Detection of blood

27. The muscle-nerve preparation. Registration of single twitch, superposition, incomplete and complete tetanus

28. Effect of load and fatigue on muscle contraction.

29. Electromyography in humans

30. Contraction and regulation of smooth muscle

Study material for the semester exam is the sum total of information covered in the obligatory textbook, on the homepage of the Institute,

as well as knowledge given at the lectures and lab practices.

Participants

Dr. Kecskés Miklós (A5N84S), Péliné Dr. Kovács Anita (ML3CO0)


28

ATT3-T PHYSICAL EDUCATION 3

Course director: DR. ISTVÁN KARSAI, assistant professor

UP MS Sports Facilities [email protected]

0 credit ▪ signature ▪ Criterion requirement subject ▪ both semesters ▪ recommended semester: 3




Topic

This subject provides theoretical and practical information for the students to maintain and improve their physical condition and helps to

deepen the knowledge in the field of healthy lifestyle.

Theoretical and practical knowledge during different types of exercises e.g. how to improve endurance, muscle force, motor skills and

how to prevent the body from injuries.



Mid-term exams


We provide opportunities to attend extra lessons in the first week of the exam period in that case the requirements are not fulfilled till the

end of the teaching weeks with agreement of the PE Teacher.

Reading material



Not available.

- Notes


Lectures

Practices

1-28 For the list of actual courses please turn to the end of this document

Seminars


Participants

Farkas György (CL1MIY), Lipcsik Zoltán (EGE1AE), Németh Attila Miklós (EXB7TD), Téczely Tamás (P0OP8M)


29

OPA-M1E-T INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS - THEORY

Course director: DR. FERENC KILÁR, professor

Institute of Bioanalysis [email protected], [email protected]

2 credit ▪ semester exam ▪ Basic subject ▪ spring semester ▪ recommended semester: 4



Topic

The theory of instrumental analysis. Basic and modern instrumental techniques for pharmaceutical analysis.



Mid-term exams

Two written tests (7th and 13th weeks) during the semester. No possibility for the retake of the written tests. If the average of the written

tests is below the satisfactory grade an MRT should precede the oral exam.


No possibility for the retake of lectures.

Reading material



Material can be downloaded from the website of the Institute of Bioanalysis under the

Educational materials link: http://aok.pte.hu/en/egyseg/oktatas/160 (the username and password are provided in the lectures).

- Notes


D.A. Skoog, F.J. Holler, S.R. Crouch: Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th edition, Thomson, 2007

D.G. Watson: Pharmaceutical Analysis, Elsevier

Lectures

1 Basis of creating instrumental signals

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

2 Errors in instrumental analysis, signal collection

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

3 Basic chemometry

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

4 Electroanalysis (potentiometry, conductometry, voltammetry)

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

5 Spectrophotometry

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

6 Spectrophotometry

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

7 Infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

8 Infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

9 Liquid chromatography, HPLC

Dr. Felinger Attila

10 Liquid chromatography, HPLC

Dr. Felinger Attila

11 Gas-chromatography

Dr. Bufa Anita


Dr. Poór Viktória

13 Electrokinetic methods, electrophoresis

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

http://aok.pte.hu/en/egyseg/oktatas/160


30

14 Electrokinetic methods, electrophoresis

Fenyvesiné Dr. Páger Csilla

15 Atomic absorption spectrometry

Dr. Kilár Ferenc


Fenyvesiné Dr. Páger Csilla

17 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry

Dr. Berente Zoltán

18 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

19 Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

20 Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry

Dr. Dergez Tímea

21 Mass spectrometry

Dr. Kilár Ferenc


Dr. Kilár Ferenc

23 Analytical ultracentrifugation

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

24 Analytical ultracentrifugation

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

25 Mössbauer spectroscopy

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

26 ORD, CD, polarimetry

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

27 Thermal analysis

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

28 Thermal analysis

Dr. Kilár Ferenc

Practices

Seminars


Exam topics can be found in the website of the Institute of Bioanalysis under the

Education link: http://aok.pte.hu/en/egyseg/oktatas/160

The criterion of the admission to the exam is the successful completion of the practice. Examcourse cannot be taken if the practice has

not been completed.

Participants



31

OPA-MAG-T INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS - PRACTICE

Course director: DR. FERENC KILÁR, professor

Institute of Bioanalysis [email protected], [email protected]

4 credit ▪ midsemester grade ▪ Basic subject ▪ spring semester ▪ recommended semester: 4



Topic

Instrumental analysis practices, which are coupled to the theory of instrumental analysis.

Collection and evaluation of data, and preparation of laboratory report using several, major instrumental analytical techniques.



Mid-term exams

Each practice is preceded with a short written test, and the students should prepare a laboratory report of the measurements and the

evaluation. A final grade will be given for the practices, if 75 % of the practices is completed successfully (with a minimum satisfactory

grade). The short written test must be completed with at least 50 % success to be allowed to participate in the respective practice.


Maximum two absences are allowed, and one absence can be retaken in selected practices.

Reading material



Material can be downloaded from the website of the Institute of Bioanalysis under the

Educational materials link: http://aok.pte.hu/en/egyseg/oktatas/160 (the username and password are provided in the lectures).

- Notes


D.A. Skoog, F.J. Holler, S.R. Crouch: Principles of Instrumental Analysis, 6th edition, Thomson, 2007

D.G. Watson: Pharmaceutical Analysis, Elsevier

Lectures

Practices

1 Introduction to the laboratory practices.




5 Potentiometry

6 Potentiometry

7 Potentiometry

8 Potentiometry

9 Conductometry

10 Conductometry

11 Conductometry

12 Conductometry

13 Spectrophotometry














32

25 HPLC

26 HPLC

27 HPLC

28 HPLC

29 Capillary electrophoresis




33 Infrared spectrometry




37 NMR

38 NMR

39 NMR

40 NMR







47 Coupled separation techniques






53 Retake of missing practices




Seminars



Participants

Dr. Bufa Anita (OJC1T8), Dr. Dergez Tímea (HPZ74N), Dr. Felinger Attila (WKW3K8), Dr. Kilár Anikó Gyöngyvér (S8C2RV), Dr.

Kilár Ferenc (XOTCK1), Dr. Makszin Lilla (GWR9T4), Dr. Poór Viktória (MJELTX), Fenyvesiné Dr. Páger Csilla (L000VQ), Sándor

Viktor (EISV2E)



33

OPA-S2E-T ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 - THEORY



4 credit ▪ final exam ▪ Basic subject ▪ spring semester ▪ recommended semester: 4



Topic

This subject is a part of chemistry basics. Its aim is to present the nomenclature, structure, physical and chemical properties, synthesis,

reaction mechanisms and application of organic compounds.



Mid-term exams

Students write tests from the subject of the lecture on 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th week and at least three of them must be completed better

than 50 %. Those who can not complete these tests can not admit to the exam.

Further criterion of admission to the exam is the successful completion of the practice carried out in paralell (midsemester grade with the



Students have to contact the lecturer of the subject.

Reading material


John McMurry, Eric Simanek: Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, 6th ed., Thomson Brooks, Belmont, 2007.


The slides of the lectures are available on neptun Meet Street.

- Notes


T. W. Graham Solomons: Organic Chemistry, 7th edition, Wiley and Sons, New York, 2000.

William H. Brown: Organic Chemistry, Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth, 1995.

Lectures

1 Nitro compounds: electronic structure, physical, chemical properties, synthesis, reduction of nitro compounds, their nitro-aldol

reaction, biologically important nitro compounds.

Dr. Kálai Tamás



Dr. Kálai Tamás



Dr. Kálai Tamás

4 Usefulness of nitro compounds in organic syntheses.

Dr. Kálai Tamás

5 Amino compounds: Physical, chemical properties, basicity of amines.

Dr. Kálai Tamás

6 Amino compounds: Physical, chemical properties, basicity of amines.

Dr. Kálai Tamás

7 Synthesis and reactions of amines.

Dr. Kálai Tamás

8 Synthesis and reactions of amines.

Dr. Kálai Tamás

9 Biologically important amines derived from amino acid decarboxylation; Alkaloids: definition and some representatives

Dr. Kálai Tamás

10 Biologically important amines derived from amino acid decarboxylation; Alkaloids: definition and some representatives

Dr. Kálai Tamás


34

11 Aldehydes and ketones: electronic structure of carbonyl group, enol-oxo tautomerism, physical, chemical properties, synthesis

of aldehydes and ketones, their reactions.








14 Some representatives oxo compounds; Quinones, vitamin K.


15 Carbohydrates: classification of carbohydrates, hemiacetal formation, mutarotation, D- and L-sugars; alpha- and beta-anomers.


16 Carbohydrates: classification of carbohydrates, hemiacetal formation, mutarotation, D- and L-sugars; alpha- and beta-anomers.


17 Chemical-physical properties of carbohydrates: oxidation, acetylation, bromination, formation of O- and N-glycosides.

Epimerization. Formation of fructose 1,6-diphosphate in aldol reaction.


18 Chemical-physical properties of carbohydrates: oxidation, acetylation, bromination, formation of O- and N-glycosides.

Epimerization. Formation of fructose 1,6-diphosphate in aldol reaction.


19 Function and structure of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides; Reducing and non-reducing sugars, the invert sugar.






22 Chemical reactions of oligosaccharides.


23 Carboxylic acids and their derivatives: Electronic structure of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Formation and reactivity of

carboxylic acid derivatives, acidity of carboxylic acids. Physical and chemical properties of carboxylic acids.

Dr. Kálai Tamás



Dr. Kálai Tamás



Dr. Kálai Tamás

26 Some biologically important carboxylic acids; Structure of lipids and phospholipids

Dr. Kálai Tamás

27 Alpha-substituted carboxylic acids: their structure, acidity, biological importance.

Dr. Kálai Tamás

28 Alpha-substituted carboxylic acids: their structure, acidity, biological importance.

Dr. Kálai Tamás

29 Carbonic acid derivatives: syntesis, their utilization in amino acid synthesis and in drug industry.

Dr. Kálai Tamás

30 Carbonic acid derivatives: syntesis, their utilization in amino acid synthesis and in drug industry.

Dr. Kálai Tamás

31 Amino acids, peptides: physical and chemical properties of amino acids (zwitterion formation, chirality) peptide link formation,

amino acid synthesis.

Dr. Kálai Tamás



Dr. Kálai Tamás



Dr. Kálai Tamás

34 Peptide synthesis, structure of proteins, general features of proteins and their classification.

Dr. Kálai Tamás


35

35 5-Membered heterocycles with one or two heteroatoms: classification of heterocycles, their nomenclature, electronic structure,

aromaticity, aromatic electrophilic substitution, basicity, virtual tautomerism.

Dr. Kálai Tamás



Dr. Kálai Tamás



Dr. Kálai Tamás

38 Most important and biologically important representatives of 5-membered heterocycles

Dr. Kálai Tamás

39 6-Membered heterocycles with one or two heteroatoms: their nomenclature, basicity, electronic structure, enol-oxo, amino-imino

tautomerism, aromatic electrophilic substitution, nucleophilic substitution.

Dr. Kálai Tamás

40 6-Membered heterocycles with one or two heteroatoms: their nomenclature, basicity, electronic structure, enol-oxo, amino-imino


Dr. Kálai Tamás

41 6-Membered heterocycles with one or two heteroatoms: their nomenclature, basicity, electronic structure, eno-oxo amino-imino


Dr. Kálai Tamás

42 Most important and biologically active representatives of 6-membered heterocyles.

Dr. Kálai Tamás

43 Bases of nucleic acids. Structure of nucleic acids, chemical background to mutations.

Dr. Kálai Tamás


Dr. Kálai Tamás


Dr. Kálai Tamás

46 Nucleic acid derivatives in drug synthesis.

Dr. Kálai Tamás

47 Vitamins: classification of vitamins and their biological role. Fat soluble vitamins.


48 Vitamins: classification of vitamins and their biological role. Fat soluble vitamins.


49 Vitamins: classification of vitamins and their biological role. Water soluble vitamins.


50 Vitamins: classification of vitamins and their biological role. Water soluble vitamins.


51 Examples for solving exam questions.








55 Summary


56 Summary


Practices

Seminars


1. Alkanes: Orbital hybridization and the structure of alkanes; Nomenclature, physical and chemical properties, combustion, free radical

chlorination, conformation, cycloalkanes, type of ring strains, demonstrate with examples.

2. Unsaturated hydrocarbons: sp2 and sp hybridization, nomenclature, physical properties, reactions and synthesis of alkenes and alkynes.

Electrophilic addition, Markovnikov’s rule, 1,2- and 1,4-addition, conjugated and cumulated dienes.

3. Importance of unsaturated hydrocarbons in industry and biology: polymerization, isoprene, terpenes, steroids, carotenoids, polymers,

rubber


36

4. Aromatic compounds: the structure of benzene, Hückel’s rule. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. (Nitation, sulfonation,

bromination, Friedel-Crafts reactions), direction rules, classification of substituents, polyaromatics: examples, their chemical

reactions aromatic electophilic substitution, oxidation.

5. Alkyl halides: the character of C-X bonds, physical properties, reactivity of alkyl halides, synthesis of alkyl and aromatic halides, and

reactions of alkyl halides (substitution, elimination); Organic halides in the environment.

6. Organometallic compounds: their structure, their importance in organic syntheses (Mg, Na, Li, Si, Cu, Cd compounds).

7. Alcohols, phenols, ethers: Structure, physical and chemical properties, reactions; Their biological importance.

8. Stereochemistry: isomerism, absolute and relative configuration, chirality, racemates, diastereomers, polarimetry, resolution.

9. Sulfur containing compounds: Physical, chemical properties, importance in biological processes (in amino acids, peptides, methylation

in biology, AcCo-A, drugs, sulfonamides, penicillin, cefalosporin).

10. Nitro compounds: electronic structure, physical, chemical properties, synthesis (including aromatic electrophilic nitration), reduction

of nitro compounds, their nitro-aldol reaction, biologically important nitro compounds (glycerine trinitrate, chloroamphenicol).

11. Amino compounds - Physical, chemical properties, basicity of amines (compare aniline, ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine etc.)

their possible synthesis (alkylation of ammonia, Gabriel synthesis, reductive amination, Hofmann rearrangement), reactions:

Hinsberg reaction, oxidation of amines, reaction with HNO2.

12. Biologically important amines: structure and properties of histamine, tryptamine, choline, acetylcholine, taurine, putrescine,

adrenaline; Alkaloids: definition (structure of mescaline, nicotine, coniine, quinine, papaverine, morphine)

13. Aldehydes and ketones: electronic structure of carbonyl group, enol-oxo tautomerism, physical, chemical properties, synthesis of

aldehydes and ketones, their reaction: aldol condensation, Canizzaro-reaction, Silver mirror/Fehling test, oxidation, reaction with

amines, hydrazines, Grignard-reagent, oximes, Beckmann-rearrangement, ketenes, quinones, vitamin K.

14. Carbohydrates: classification of carbohydrates (ketose, aldose, pyranose, furanose, pentose, hexose), hemiacetal formation,

mutarotation, D- and L-sugars; alpha- and beta-anomers. Chemical-physical properties of carbohydrates. The following covalent

structures are required: glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, ribose, 2-deoxy-ribose, glyceraldehyde, ascorbic acid. Oxidation of

carbohydrates, acetylation, bromination, formation of O- and N-glycosides. Epimerization (glucose, mannose, fructose). Formation

of fructose 1,6-diphosphate in aldol reaction.

15. Function and structure of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides: sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, kitine, pectine, cellulose, starch.

Reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, the invert sugar. Chemical reactions of oligosaccharides.

16. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives (acyl chlorides, anhydrides, esters, amides): Electronic structure of carboxylic acids and their

derivatives. Formation of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives, acidity of carboxylic acids.

Physical and chemical properties of carboxylic acids. Ester synthesis, Claisen-condensation. Most important carboxylic acids: formic

acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, oleic acid, linolic and linoleic acid, palmitic and stearic acids, structure of lipids and phospholipids.

17. Alpha-substituted carboxylic acids and carbonic acid: halogenation, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, malonic acid, malonic acid synthesis,

oxalic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid. Their structure, acidity, biological importance. Carbonic acid

derivatives: carbonic acid and its esters, phosgene, chloroformic acid esters and their utilization in amino acid synthesis, urea,

thiourea, diureides, barbituric acid and its derivatives, guanidine, creatine.

18. Amino acids, peptides: the exact covalent structure of 20 amino acids, physical and chemical properties (zwitterion formation,

chirality) peptide link formation, amino acid synthesis, glutathione, peptide synthesis, structure of proteins (primary, secondary,

tertiary, quaternary), general features of proteins, their classification with examples, denaturation and colour-reactions of proteins

(Xantoprotein-test, Millon-test etc.)

19. 5-Membered heterocycles: classification of heterocycles, their nomenclature, most important representatives: furane, thiophene,

pyrrole. Heterocycles with two heteroatoms: oxazole, thiazole, imidazole, their electronic structure, aromaticity, aromatic

electrophilic substitution, basicity, virtual tautomerism. Biologically important representatives: biotin, ultraseptil, histamine,

penicillins, aminophenazone, furfural; Indole and its derivatives: serotonine, auxins, indigo.

20. 6-Membered heterocycles: their nomenclature, most important representatives: pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, pyrilium,

benzpyrilium cation, their basicity, electronic structure, eno-oxo amino-imino tautomerism, aromatic electrophilic substitution,

nucleophilic substitution, biologically important derivatives: rutin, vitamin E, cyanidium chloride, tetrahydrocannabinol,

nicotinamide, quinine, papaverine, vitamin B6, isoniazide, nifedipine, barbituric acid: veronal, sevenal bases of nucleic acids, base

pairs cytosine, guanine, adenine, timine, uracil, their exact covalent structure, structure of DNA, RNA, vitamin B1, purine: caffeine,

theophylline, theobromine, xanthine, pteridine, structure and function of folic acid.

21. Vitamins: classification of vitamins, their exact covalent structure, their biological role. Vitamin A, vitamin D, Vitamin E, vitamin

K, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, the role and function of the NAD, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B7, inosite, p-aminobenzoic acid,

folic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, Vitamin P and flavonoids, Vitamin U.

Participants


37

OPA-V2G-T ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 - PRACTICE



3 credit ▪ midsemester grade ▪ Basic subject ▪ spring semester ▪ recommended semester: 4



Topic

The aims of this course are to introduce students into several basic laboratory techniques and to demonstrate some characteristic reactions

of organic compounds with various functional groups.



Mid-term exams

The organic chemistry laboratory course will be graded (1-5), based on the two written tests on 6th and 11th week, first of all. The

evaluation can be modified by grades of semi-micro preparations, success of unknown identification as well as the outlook of the records

of exercise book.


Students have to contact their lab TA within 48 hours of missing lab to make the necessary arrangements.

Reading material



Kálai, T., Bognár, B. Organic Chemisry Laboratory Manual, Dept. of Org. and Med. Chem., Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, 2010.

- Notes


Charles F. Wilcox, Jr., Mary F. Wilcox: Experimental Organic Chemistry: a Small-scale Approach, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, London, 1995.

Dana W. Mayo, Ronald M. Pike, Peter K. Trumper: Microscale Organic Laboratory with Multistep and Multiscale Syntheses, 3rd

ed., Wiley, New York, 1994.

Lectures

Practices

1 General instructions for work in the laboratory, safety precautions; Purification of benzaldehyde, synthesis of benzoin.



4 Synthesis of 2,6-dibenzylidene-cyclohexanone; Characteristic tube reactions of oxo compounds.



7 Synthesis of benzil; Identification of 4th unknown compound.



10 Characteristic tube reactions of carbohydrates; Preparation of oxalic acid, isolation of citric acid.



13 Acetylation of glucose; Identification of 5th unknown compound;



16 1st written test; Synthesis of aspirin. Polarimetry.



19 Synthesis of lidocain (1st step); Characteristic tube reactions of carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives.



22 Synthesis of lidocain (2nd step);




38

25 Synthesis of heterocycles I. (five membered): benzimidazole, dilantin; Characteristic tube reactions of pyridine.



28 Synthesis of heterocycles II. (six membered): 4-phenyl-5-carbethoxy-6-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahyropyrimidin-2-one, 4-methyl-7-

hydroxycoumarine.


hydroxycoumarine.


hydroxycoumarine.

31 2nd written test. Isolation of caffeine.



34 Isolation of quercetin and myristic acid.



37 Characteristic tube reactions of amino acids and peptides.



40 Evaluation.

41 Evaluation.

42 Evaluation.

Seminars


The written tests will contain the matter of practice.

Participants

Dr. Bognár Balázs (U34DM4), Dr. Kálai Tamás (BDF5M9)


39

OPG-GI1-T BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACY

Course director: DR. LAJOS BOTZ, professor

Department of Pharmaceutics and University Pharmacy [email protected]

2 credit ▪ midsemester grade ▪ Pharm. theoretical module and practical skills subject ▪ spring semester ▪ recommended semester: 4



Topic

The basic aims of the course are to provide fundamental knowledge of pharmaceutics and gain insight into the pharmaceutical profession.

The subject will support further studies and the summer professional practice by improving vocabulary, professional knowledge, etc..

Further goals are to draw the attention of students towards specific topics (professionalism, roles of pharmacists in healthcare) of

pharmacy, to help students gain interest in practical aspects of pharmaceutical work and to introduce further professional studies.

The course gives an overview of the basic principles of pharmacy and pharmaceuticals. Definitions of the different groups of

pharmaceuticals, synopsis of the process of drug development, evolution and role of pharmacopoeias, sites and aims of manufacturing,

the role of community,hospital and clinical pharmacies. During the semester several on-site visits will be organized to familiarize students

with the different fields of the profession

Attendance of, and active participation in the lectures, furthermore understanding of given topics are the basic requirements of completing

the course. Students may be required hold short presentations regarding a previously discussed topic or complete individual tasks during

the semester, and shall attend the on site visits organized by the Institute. Topics discussed during the lectures, but not included in the

notes/books will also be included in the tests. Students can access the slides of the lectures and further reading material on a designated

web based interface (e.g. MS Teams or/and Neptun Meet Street).


• Regular attendance of classes (maximum 25 % of absence is accepted),

• Assignments given in class should be carried out during term-time, and

• mid-term and end-of-the term test must be written/taken. Passing the mid-term test is not obligatory for semester acceptance;

however advisable as you will likely have better results for the end-of-the-term test. There is no retake opportunity only for the mid-term

test.

Mid-term exams

Mid-term tests: During the semester a mid-term test will be written. In case of unsuccessful or missed test, additional questions will be

added to the end-of-the-term test. The number of additional questions may vary regarding the number of unsuccessful or missed mid-

term tests. There is no re-examination opportunity for the unsuccessful or missed mid-term tests.

End-of-the-term test: On the last week of the semester, a test will be written on the whole semester's curriculum. Further additional

questions are included in the end-of-the-term test, if the student has not carried out an assignment during the semester. The number of

these questions may vary according to the unsuccessful or missed assignments. In case of unsuccessful or missed end-of-the term test,

one re-examination opportunity is granted to make up until the end of the second week of the exam period. In case of Basic Principles of

Pharmacy there is midsemester grade.


Retake opportunity is possible following personal discussion for the end-of-the term test.

Reading material



All presentations can be downloaded from online educational platforms e.g. MS Teams and/or Neptun Meet Street.

- Notes


Christopher A Langley, Dawn Belcher: Applied Pharmaceutical Practice, 2nd edition, Pharmaceutical Press 2012

Medicines, Ethics and Practice: The Professional Guide for Pharmacists, 36th edition, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 2012

Judith A Rees, BPharm, Ian Smith and Jennie Watson: Pharmaceutical Practice, 5th Edition. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, 2014.

Lectures

1 Introduction to Basic Principles of Pharmacy. Pharmacy as a profession 1.

Dr. Fittler András Tamás

2 Pharmacy as a profession 2.

Dr. Bella Richárd

3 Product categories



40

4 Routes of administration


5 Classification and names of drugs


6 Pharmacopoieas and formularies

Dr. Bella Richárd

7 Prescription and labelling


8 Latin terms and pharmaceutical calculations

Dr. Somogyi-Végh Anna

9 Structure and tasks of community pharmacy: On site visit 1.


10 Structure and tasks of community pharmacy: On site visit 2.

Dr. Bella Richárd

11 Midterm test

Dr. Bella Richárd

12 Manufacturing of medicines. GMP.


13 Development of evidence based approach. History of clinical trials 1.


14 Development of evidence based approach. History of clinical trials 2.


15 Research and development of medicines. Clinical trials 1.

Dr. Vida Róbert György

16 Research and development of medicines. Clinical trials 2.

Dr. Vida Róbert György

17 University Pharmacy: Getting to know dosage forms 1.

Dr. Bella Richárd

18 University Pharmacy: Getting to know dosage forms 2.

Dr. Mayer Anna

19 Clinical Pharmacy On site visit 1.

Dr. Bella Richárd

20 Clinical Pharmacy On site visit 2.


21 History of Pharmacy and Medicine: Ancient and medieval times I.


22 History of Pharmacy and Medicine: Ancient and medieval times II.

Dr. Bella Richárd

23 History of Pharmacy and Medicine 2.: Early modern World - XIX. Century I.

Dr. Somogyi-Végh Anna

24 History of Pharmacy and Medicine 3.: XX. And XXI. Century II.


25 Roles of pharmacy studens during summer practice


26 Administration of pharmacy practices

Dr. Bella Richárd

27 End-of-the term test 1.


28 End-of-the term test 2.

Dr. Bella Richárd

Practices

Seminars


End-of-the-term test is organized in Neptun Unipoll at the regular time of lectures. The test will be on the whole semester’s curriculum.

Additional questions can be included in the end-of-the-term test, if the student has not carried out an assignment during the semester

or in case of unsuccessful midterm test. Students will be provided retake opportunities only for the end-of-the term test by the end of

the second week of the exam period.


41

In case of Basic Principles of Pharmacy there is midsemester grade. The end-of-the term test grade will have the greatest impact on the

midsemester grade.

Assessment of the student performance is carried out according to a five-grade scale:100-86,1% -excellent (5); 86-77,1% -good (4); 77-

68,1% -satisfactory (3); 68-60,1% -pass (2); and below 60,0% -fail (1) respectively.

Participants


42

OPO-G1B-T PHARMACEUTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 1

Course director: DR. KATALIN SIPOS, associate professor

Department of Forensic Medicine [email protected]

3 credit ▪ semester exam ▪ Med.-biol. theoretical module and practical skills subject ▪ spring semester ▪ recommended semester: 4



Topic

The two-semester biochemistry course provides the essential fundamental biochemistry knowledge for the pharmaceutical students. This

course deals with the metabolic pathways of the living cell: the reactions, steps and regulation of these pathways. In the first semester

students will be introduced to the life of the basic synthetic and anabolic biochemical pathways and they will study how energy is

produced in the cell. We will pay special attention to enzymes: their features, regulations, roles in the drug metabolism and action.



Mid-term exams

There is no written mid-term exam.


According to personal agreement

Reading material



The materials of the lectures and seminars will appear on Neptune.

- Notes

The e-notes of Biochemistry will appear on Neptune.


Ch. P. Woodbury: Biochemistry for the Pharmaceutical Sciences

Raymond S. Ochs: Biochemistry

Thomas M. Devlin: Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations

Lectures

1 Introduction

Dr. Sipos Katalin

2 Thermodynamics, biochemical reactions

Jánosa Gergely

3 Biomembranes. Transport processes I

Dr. Sipos Katalin

4 Transport processes II

Dr. Sipos Katalin

5 Enzymes: characteristics, types, catalytic activities

Pap Ramóna

6 Channels, action potential

Dr. Sipos Katalin

7 Basic regulatory mechanisms in metabolism

Dr. Sipos Katalin

8 Glycolysis

Dr. Sipos Katalin

9 Gluconeogenesis

Dr. Farkas Viktória

10 Glycogen metabolism


11 Cori cycle



43

12 Pentose phosphate pathway


13 Metabolism of complex carbohydrates

Dr. Sipos Katalin

14 Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex


15 Citric acid cycle

Dr. Sipos Katalin

16 Mitochondrial transport processes


17 Terminal oxidation, ATP synthesis I


18 Terminal oxidation, ATP synthesis II


19 Degradation of lipids

Dr. Sipos Katalin

20 Ketone bodies

Pap Ramóna

21 Biosynthesis of fatty acids

Dr. Sipos Katalin

22 Biosynthesis of complex lipids

Dr. Sipos Katalin

23 Cholesterol metabolism I


24 Cholesterol metabolism II


25 Characterization of amino acids

Pap Ramóna

26 Nucleic acids: building blocks, structures

Pap Ramóna

27 Preparation for exam

Dr. Sipos Katalin


Dr. Sipos Katalin

Practices

Seminars

1 Macromolecules in biochemistry

2 Nutrition and vitamins in biochemistry

3 Carbohydrates: biochemical characterization. Carbohydrates in the extracellular space

4 Clinical importance of carbohydrates

5 Regulation of enzymes

6 Enzymekinetics. Inhibition of enzymes

7 Structure, folding and degradation of proteins

8 Lipids: phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, fatty acids

9 Clinical importance of lipids

10 Clinical consequences of terminal oxidation.

11 Carbohydrate metabolism

12 Lipid metabolism

13 Enzyme inhibiting drugs



There are no given exam questions. The topics of the exam will be the materials of lectures and seminars.

Participants

Dr. Farkas Viktória (G9AV8T), Dr. Pandur Edina (ZP0077), Dr. Sipos Katalin (RUHPLE), Jánosa Gergely (U3SEOW), Pap Ramóna

(OGEM0W)


44

OPO-G2E-T PHARMACOBOTANY 2 - THEORY



1 credit ▪ semester exam ▪ Med.-biol. theoretical module and practical skills subject ▪ spring semester ▪ recommended semester: 4



Topic

Pharmacobotany covers all pharmaceutical aspects of botany. Plant systematics discusses the classification and geographical origin of

plant species, the possibilities of cultivation and nature conservation. A special emphasis is laid on chemotaxonomic aspects, since the

medicinal effect of a plant is often related to its taxonomic classification and chemical characteristics. The thorough knowledge of both

general and specific pharmacobotany is a prerequisite of studying pharmacognosy.



Mid-term exams

Students have to pass (min. 60%) two written exams based on lecture materials. If necessary, students will be provided maximum two

extra chances (B and C chance) besides the original exam date (A chance).


Lecture materials can be downloaded from the website of the Department of Pharmacognosy (Educational Materials).

Reading material


Á. Farkas: Pharmacobotany 2. University of Pécs, Institute of Pharmacognosy, Pécs, 2021



4.1.2.A/1-11/1-2011-0016

- Notes


Z. Yaniv, U. Bachrach (eds.): Handbook of Medicinal Plants, Haworth Press Inc., 2005

WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, Vol. 1. (1999), Vol. 2. (2002)

Lectures

1 Algae (Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta); Eumycota / Fungi (incl. Lichenes); Hepatophyta, Bryophyta;

Pteridophytes: Lycopodiophyta, Monilophyta

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

2 Gymnosperms: Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta, Pinophyta; Angiosperms: Monocots_1: Acoraceae, Araceae,

Dioscoreaceae, Colchicaceae, Liliaceae, Melanthiaceae

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

3 Monocots_2: Agapanthaceae, Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae, Convallariaceae,

Hyacinthaceae, Iridaceae, Orchidaceae, Ruscaceae Bromeliaceae, Poaceae, Zingiberaceae

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

4 Magnolidae and ancient herbaceous plants: Nymphaeaceae, Illiciaceae, Annonaceae, Magnoliaceae, Myristicaceae, Lauraceae,

Monimiaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Piperaceae; Dicots: Berberidaceae, Fumariaceae, Menispermaceae, Papaveraceae,

Ranunculaceae, Nelumbonaceae, Buxaceae, Dilleniaceae

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

5 Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae, Cactaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Droseraceae, Phytolaccaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae,

Simmondsiaceae, Santalaceae, Crassulaceae, Grossulariaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Paeoniaceae, Saxifragaceae, Vitaceae,

Geraniaceae, Lythraceae, Myrtaceae, Onagraceae, Krameriaceae, Zygophyllaceae

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

6 Written test based on lectures 1-5.

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

7 Celastraceae, Erythroxylaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Hypericaceae, Linaceae, Passifloraceae, Salicaceae, Violaceae, Fabaceae (incl.

Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae), Polygalaceae

Dr. Purger Dragica


45

8 Cannabaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Moraceae, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, Urticaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae,

Myricaceae

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

9 Brassicaceae, Capparaceae, Caricaceae, Cistaceae, Malvaceae, Anacardiaceae, Burseraceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae

Dr. Purger Dragica

10 Cornaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Ericaceae, Primulaceae, Theaceae, Apocynaceae, Gentianaceae, Loganiaceae, Rubiaceae,

Boraginaceae

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

11 Lamiaceae, Oleaceae, Pedaliaceae, Plantaginaceae, Verbenaceae

Dr. Filep Rita

12 Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Valerianaceae

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

13 Written test based on lecture 7-12.

Dr. Farkas Ágnes

14 Asteraceae, Campanulaceae, Menyanthaceae

Dr. Filep Rita

Practices

Seminars


The criterion of admission to the exam is the successful completion of the practice carried out in paralell (midsemester grade with a result

different from failed).

Final exam:

Entrance exam: Preceding the oral exam, 6 medicinal plants (5 herbarium specimens, 1 plant from the medicinal plant garden) should

be identified and their brief morphological characterization should be given.

Oral exam: Following the successful entrance exam, students are required to present their knowledge on 2 topics from the list below.

The general characterization of plant families should be followed by the morphological and chemotaxonomic description of the

species belonging to the given families.

Exam questions:

1. Algae (Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta)

2. Eumycota / Fungi (incl. Lichenes);

3. Hepatophyta, Bryophyta; Lycopodiophyta, Monilophyta

4. Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta, Pinophyta

5. Acoraceae, Araceae, Dioscoreaceae, Colchicaceae, Liliaceae, Melanthiaceae

6. Agapanthaceae, Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae

7. Asphodelaceae, Convallariaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Iridaceae

8. Orchidaceae, Ruscaceae Bromeliaceae, Poaceae, Zingiberaceae

9. Nymphaeaceae, Illiciaceae, Annonaceae, Magnoliaceae, Myristicaceae

10. Lauraceae, Monimiaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Piperaceae

11. Berberidaceae, Fumariaceae, Menispermaceae, Papaveraceae

12. Ranunculaceae, Nelumbonaceae, Buxaceae, Dilleniaceae

13. Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae, Cactaceae, Caryophyllaceae

14. Droseraceae, Phytolaccaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae

15. Simmondsiaceae, Santalaceae, Crassulaceae, Grossulariaceae

16. Hamamelidaceae, Paeoniaceae, Saxifragaceae, Vitaceae

17. Geraniaceae, Lythraceae, Myrtaceae, Onagraceae, Krameriaceae, Zygophyllaceae

18. Celastraceae, Erythroxylaceae, Euphorbiaceae

19. Hypericaceae, Linaceae, Passifloraceae, Salicaceae, Violaceae

20. Fabaceae (incl. Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae), Polygalaceae

21. Cannabaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Moraceae, Rhamnaceae

22. Rosaceae

23. Urticaceae, Cucurbitaceae

24. Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Myricaceae

25. Brassicaceae, Capparaceae, Caricaceae, Cistaceae

26. Malvaceae, Anacardiaceae

27. Burseraceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae

28. Cornaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Ericaceae, Primulaceae

29. Theaceae, Apocynaceae, Gentianaceae, Loganiaceae


46

30. Rubiaceae, Boraginaceae

31. Lamiaceae

32. Oleaceae, Pedaliaceae, Plantaginaceae, Verbenaceae

33. Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, Aquifoliaceae

34. Apiaceae

35. Araliaceae, Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Valerianaceae

36. Asteraceae, Campanulaceae, Menyanthaceae

Participants


47

OPO-G2G-T PHARMACOBOTANY 2 - PRACTICE



2 credit ▪ midsemester grade ▪ Med.-biol. theoretical module and practical skills subject ▪ spring semester ▪ recommended semester: 4



Topic

Pharmacobotany covers all pharmaceutical aspects of botany. Plant systematics discusses the classification and geographical origin of

plant species, the possibilities of cultivation and nature conservation. A special emphasis is laid on chemotaxonomic aspects, since the

medicinal effect of a plant is often related to its taxonomic classification and chemical characteristics. The thorough knowledge of both

general and specific pharmacobotany is a prerequisite of studying pharmacognosy.



Mid-term exams

From the 2nd week onwards, students have to pass a short test each week (recognising and characterising medicinal plants).

The tests can be: online (Moodle), oral or written.

The successful completion of the online tests is a prerequisite of attending the next practice.

The grades of the weekly tests, together with activity in classes will form the basis of the final practice grade.


Missed practicals can be made up either by joining the other groups or taking extra time at the following lab practical. In all cases,

students must make arrangements with their lab instructors in advance.

Reading material


Á. Farkas: Pharmacobotany 2. University of Pécs, Institute of Pharmacognosy, Pécs, 2021

N. Papp: Pharmacobotany Practices. University of Pécs, Institute of Pharmacognosy, Pécs, 2011



4.1.2.A/1-11/1-2011-0016

Species descriptions of the medicinal plants studied in the practices will be availabe in Moodle.

- Notes


Z. Yaniv, U. Bachrach (eds.): Handbook of Medicinal Plants, Haworth Press Inc., 2005

Lectures

Practices

1 Fungi: Ganodermataceae, Polyporaceae; Lichens; Pteridophytes: Lycopodiaceae, Equisetaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae

2 Gymnosperms: Ginkgoaceae, Ephedraceae, Pinaceae, Taxaceae, Cupressaceae

3 Angiosperms: Acoraceae, Alliaceae, Asparagaceae, Orchidaceae

4 Ruscaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Poaceae, Aristolochiaceae

5 Ranunculaceae, Berberidaceae, Papaveraceae, Fumariaceae

6 Caryophyllaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Polygonaceae, Loranthaceae

7 Crassulaceae, Grossulariaceae, Vitaceae, Geraniaceae, Lythraceae, Onagraceae

8 Euphorbiaceae, Hypericaceae, Linaceae, Passifloraceae, Salicaceae, Violaceae

9 Fabaceae

10 Cannabaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Moraceae, Rhamnaceae

11 Oral exam based on Practices 1-5

12 Oral exam based on Practices 1-5

13 Rosaceae

14 Urticaceae, Cucurbitaceae

15 Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae

16 Brassicaceae, Malvaceae


48

17 Anacardiaceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae, Ericaceae, Primulaceae

18 Apocynaceae, Gentianacaeae, Rubiaceae, Boraginaceae

19 Lamiaceae

20 Lamiaceae

21 Oleaceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae

22 Verbenaceae, Solanaceae

23 Asteraceae

24 Asteraceae

25 Visit to the Botanical Garden

26 Visit to the Botanical Garden

27 Visit to the Medicinal Plant Garden

28 Visit to the Medicinal Plant Garden

Seminars


1. Algae (Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta)

2. Eumycota / Fungi (incl. Lichenes);

3. Hepatophyta, Bryophyta; Lycopodiophyta, Monilophyta

4. Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta, Pinophyta

5. Acoraceae, Araceae, Dioscoreaceae, Colchicaceae, Liliaceae, Melanthiaceae

6. Agapanthaceae, Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae

7. Asphodelaceae, Convallariaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Iridaceae

8. Orchidaceae, Ruscaceae Bromeliaceae, Poaceae, Zingiberaceae

9. Nymphaeaceae, Illiciaceae, Annonaceae, Magnoliaceae, Myristicaceae

10. Lauraceae, Monimiaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Piperaceae

11. Berberidaceae, Fumariaceae, Menispermaceae, Papaveraceae

12. Ranunculaceae, Nelumbonaceae, Buxaceae, Dilleniaceae

13. Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae, Cactaceae, Caryophyllaceae

14. Droseraceae, Phytolaccaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae

15. Simmondsiaceae, Santalaceae, Crassulaceae, Grossulariaceae

16. Hamamelidaceae, Paeoniaceae, Saxifragaceae, Vitaceae

17. Geraniaceae, Lythraceae, Myrtaceae, Onagraceae, Krameriaceae, Zygophyllaceae

18. Celastraceae, Erythroxylaceae, Euphorbiaceae

19. Hypericaceae, Linaceae, Passifloraceae, Salicaceae, Violaceae

20. Fabaceae (incl. Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae), Polygalaceae

21. Cannabaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Moraceae, Rhamnaceae

22. Rosaceae

23. Urticaceae, Cucurbitaceae

24. Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Myricaceae

25. Brassicaceae, Capparaceae, Caricaceae, Cistaceae

26. Malvaceae, Anacardiaceae

27. Burseraceae, Rutaceae, Sapindaceae

28. Cornaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Ericaceae, Primulaceae

29. Theaceae, Apocynaceae, Gentianaceae, Loganiaceae

30. Rubiaceae, Boraginaceae

31. Lamiaceae

32. Oleaceae, Pedaliaceae, Plantaginaceae, Verbenaceae

33. Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, Aquifoliaceae

34. Apiaceae

35. Araliaceae, Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Valerianaceae

36. Asteraceae, Campanulaceae, Menyanthaceae

Participants

Dr. Farkas Ágnes (DKQUBQ), Dr. Filep Rita (F043XU), Dr. Papp Nóra (S3PA4G), Dr. Purger Dragica (FCCWBF)


49

OPO-H2E-T HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 2 - THEORY



3 credit ▪ final exam ▪ Med.-biol. theoretical module and practical skills subject ▪ spring semester ▪ recommended semester: 4




Topic













Mid-term exams




Reading material








- Notes






Edition (2019)

Lectures

1 Introduction. The hypothalamo-hypophysial system. The neurohypophysis.

Dr. Lengyel Ferenc

2 Growth hormone and prolactin.

Dr. Lengyel Ferenc

3 Biosynthesis and degradation of steroid hormones.


4 Effects of glucocorticoids. (Role of adrenal steroid hormones.)


5 The adrenal medulla. Physiological mechanisms of stress.




50

6 Regulation of female sexual function.

Dr. Lengyel Ferenc

7 Pregnancy. Parturition and lactation.


8 Male sexual function. Erection, ejaculation, coitus. Humoral and neural control of sexual behavior.

Dr. Kóbor Péter

9 Puberty. Climacteric.

Dr. Kóbor Péter

10 Thyroid physiology.

Péliné Dr. Kovács Anita

11 Hormonal control of calcium homeostasis.

Kertes Erika

12 Endocrin functions of the pancreas.


13 Hormonal regulation of food intake and metabolism. The function of the adipose tissue and body weight regulation. Diabetes and

obesity.


14 Physiology of ontogenesis and ageing.

Dr. Lengyel Ferenc

15 Introduction to the physiology of the nervous system. Spinal cord reflexes.


16 Integrative functions of the spinal cord.


17 The spinal shock. Decerebrate rigidity.


18 Postural coordination, righting. Locomotion.


19 The extrapyramidal system.


20 Physiology of the vestibular system.

Dr. Ollmann Tamás

21 Cerebellar functions.

Dr. Ollmann Tamás

22 Cortical control of motor functions. The pyramidal system.

Kertes Erika

23 Somesthetic mechanisms. Somatotopy. Physiology of the thalamus and the sensory cortex.

Dr. Buzás Péter

24 Physiology of pain sensation. Opiatergic mechanisms.

Dr. Buzás Péter

25 Optics of vision. Refractory errors of the eye.

Dr. Buzás Péter

26 Retina and primary sensory processes. The visual pathway. Midbrain mechanisms of vision.

Dr. Buzás Péter

27 Central mechanisms of vision. Eye movements.

Dr. Buzás Péter

28 Physiology of hearing. Central auditory mechanisms.


29 The chemical senses. Olfaction. Taste.

Dr. Szabó István

30 Electroencephalography. Clinical importance of the evoked potential technique.


31 Neurophysiological basis of wakefulness and sleep. The circadian rhythm.


32 Motor, autonomic and hormonal regulatory functions of the diencephalon (hypothalamus).

Dr. Ollmann Tamás

33 Homeostatic drives. Central neural regulation of hunger and thirst.

Dr. Szabó István

34 Motivation. The limbic system.



51

35 Emotions and their central nervous mechanism.

Dr. Ollmann Tamás

36 Monoaminergic systems in the central nervous system.


37 The importance of monoaminergic systems in physiological and pathological processes.


38 Neurophysiology of learning processes.


39 Neurophysiology of memory processes. Memory disorders.


40 Plasticity during life

Dr. Varga Csaba

41 Functions of the frontal lobe. The parieto-temporal lobe. Cerebral hemisphere dominance.


42 Neurophysiological mechanisms of speech. Speech disorders.

Dr. Pál József

Practices

Seminars


The criterion of admission to the exam is the successful completion of the practice carried out in paralell (midsemester grade with the

result different from “failed”).
















cell








22. The heart-lung preparation (Starling?s laws)








30. Cerebral circulation. The concept of blood-brain barrier





52







































70. Mechanisms of hormone action (receptors, intracellular mediators, cAMP, Ca2+ and diacylglycerol, protein kinases)

71. Mechanism of hormonal regulation. Negative and positive feedback controls in the endocrine system

72. The anterior pituitary hormones. Regulation of pituitary hormone secretions. Pituitary dysfunction

73. Function of growth hormone during development and after adolescence

74. Abnormalities of thyroid secretion. Goitrogens

75. Function of the thyroid gland. Iodine metabolism in the body

76. Hormonal changes during menstrual cycle

77. Hormonal changes during pregnancy. Role of placenta in pregnancy. Foeto-placental unit

78. Hormones of lactation

79. Mechanism of erection and ejaculation. The sexual act (coitus)

80. The function of testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate

81. Regulation of the sexual behaviour. Maternal behaviour

82. Physiological changes at puberty and climacteric

83. Vasopressin and oxytocin. Function of ANH (atrionatriuretic hormone)

84. The effects of prostaglandins

85. The endocrine pancreas

86. Function of insulin in the body. Diabetes mellitus

87. Hormonal control of carbohydrate metabolism

88. Hormonal control of calcium and phosphor homeostasis

89. Hormonal function of the adrenocortical system. Hypophyseal regulation of the adrenocortical system. Stress and the adaptation

syndrome


53

90. Function and regulation of mineralocorticoids

91. Function and regulation of glucocorticoids

92. Consequences of hypo- and hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex. Androgens and oestrogens of the adrenal cortex.

93. Hormones of the adrenal medulla. Importance of the sympathoadrenal system

94. Physiology of ontogenesis and ageing.



function of muscles









105. The myotatic (stretch) reflex. Gamma motoneurons

106. The motor units. Central control of muscle contractions

107. Types of mechanoreceptors and their role in motor control

108. How do cutaneous mechanoreceptors help to explore, learn and know our environment?

109. Somatosensory mechanisms of spinal cord and brain stem

110. Pain mechanisms, central and peripheral components

111. Descendent control (gating) of nociception and of pain reactions

112. Organisation of primary somatosensory cortex, thalamocortical projection and somatotopy

113. The human electroencephalogram (EEG). Evoked potential (EP) technique

114. Neural mechanisms of sleep and correlated somatic, autonomic and bioelectrical phenomena. The role of reticular formation in the

sleep-wakefulness cycle

115. The diencephalon (hypothalamus), its motor, autonomic and hormonal regulatory function

116. Hunger and thirst. Central regulatory processes of food and water intake

117. Central mechanisms of locomotion

118. Decerebration rigidity and spinal shock (symptoms and mechanisms)

119. Postural and righting reflexes, their central mechanisms and localisation within the spinal cord, brain stem and neocortex

120. Structure and function of the extrapyramidal system

121. Symptoms after damages of different extrapyramidal structures. Role of neurotransmitters in the extrapyramidal functions

122. Importance of the cerebellum in co-ordination of movements

123. Cerebellar cortical mechanisms

124. Structure and function of the vestibular system

125. Functions of the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic reflexes

126. Humoral mediators in the autonomic nervous system. Adrenergic, cholinergic and opioid receptors

127. Structures, connections and functions of the limbic system

128. Functions of the motor cortex. Symptoms following its damage

129. Corticospinal (pyramidal) system. Consequences of lesions of the pyramidal pathways and the peripheral motoneuron

130. The concept of drive and motivation. Their integrated neural mechanisms. Reticular activating system

131. Emotions and their central nervous mechanisms

132. The phenomena of operant (instrumental) and classical (Pavlovian) conditioning. Mechanism of reinforcement

133. Electrical and chemical self-stimulation. Rewarding (positive) and punishing (negative) reinforcement. Simple learning processes.

Exceptional forms of conditioning

134. Types and disorders of memory functions

135. Cerebral dominance. Lateralisation of functions in the hemispheres. Split-brain examinations

136. Functions of the parietal and temporal association (intrinsic) areas of the neocortex. Symptoms after damages (apraxia, agnosia)

137. Neurophysiological mechanisms of speech. Speech disorders

138. Functions of the frontal lobe (prefrontal intrinsic area)

139. Functions of the temporal lobe (Kluver-Bucy syndrome)

140. Central monoaminergic systems and their functional significance

141. Peripheral auditory mechanisms (conductive apparatus and cochlea)

142. Central auditory pathways, acoustic cortex and related mechanisms

143. Physiological optics

144. The retina. Photoreceptors and neuronal functions in the retina

145. Central visual pathways, the visual cortex and their functions


54

146. Colour vision. Stereoscopic vision

147. Peripheral and central mechanisms of olfaction

148. Peripheral and central mechanisms of sensation of taste

149. Plasticity in the nervous system. Consequences of sensory deprivation in the visual cortex. Ageing. Transplantation


1. Amount, specific gravity and pH of the urine

2. Glycosuria: its causes and its detection

3. Examination of the urine sediment and evaluation of its results

4. Protein and pus in the urine: their causes and their detection

5. Measurement of the actual metabolic rate in human

6. Determination of blood glucose levels

7. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

8. Examination of estrus cycle in the rat

9. Tests of pregnancy: Latex probe, Test strip

10. The muscle-nerve preparation. Direct and indirect electric stimulation of the muscle

11. Examination of curare effect on a muscle-nerve preparation

12. The law of polar excitation

13. Examination of electrotonus

14. Pflüger’s laws

15. Measurement threshold, chronaxie and rheobase

16. Recording compound action potential, examination of summation

17. Determination of nerve refractory period

18. Measurement of nerve conduction velocity

19 Examination of reflexes in human

20. Examination of the somatosensory system (tactile, temperature and pain sensation)

21. Measurement of reaction time and action time in human.

22. Correction of refractive errors

23. Examination of color vision

24. Examination of astigmatism

25. Examination of visual acuity. Examination of pupillary responses.

26. Examination of visual field by means of perimetry

27. Audiometry

28. Examination of air and bone conduction (audible inspections)

29. Examination of taste perception; examination of olfaction

30. Procedure of EEG examination, types and properties of EEG waves

Study material for the final exam is the sum total of information covered in the obligatory textbook, on the homepage of the Institute, as

well as knowledge given at the lectures and lab practices.

Participants


55

OPO-H2G-T HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 2 - PRACTICE



2 credit ▪ midsemester grade ▪ Med.-biol. theoretical module and practical skills subject ▪ spring semester ▪ recommended semester: 4




Topic













Mid-term exams




Reading material








- Notes






Edition (2019)

Lectures

Practices

1 Examination of the renal functions: urinanalysis.

2 Examination of the renal functions: urinanalysis.

3 Measurement of the oxygen consumption in the rat and human.

4 Measurement of the oxygen consumption in the rat and human.

5 Endocrinology: examination of carbohydrate metabolism.

6 Endocrinology: examination of carbohydrate metabolism.

7 Endocrinology: reproduction, tests of pregnancy.

8 Endocrinology: reproduction, tests of pregnancy.

9 Seminar: Endocrinology.

10 Seminar: Endocrinology.



56

11 Examination of peripheral nervous system on nerve preparation.

12 Examination of peripheral nervous system on nerve preparation.

13 Examination of human peripheral nervous system: treshold potential, chronaxie, rheobase,

14 Examination of human peripheral nervous system: treshold potential, chronaxie, rheobase,

15 Basics of the neurophysiology and peripheral nervous system.

16 Basics of the neurophysiology and peripheral nervous system. Oral report.

17 Examination of reflexes in human.

18 Measurement of reaction time and action time in human.

19 Examination of somatosensoric system.

20 Examination of somatosensoric system.

21 Examinations of special senses: vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste and smell




25 Electroencephalography

26 Central nervous system and sensory organs. Oral report.

27 Discussion of the laboratory practices and oral report.

28 Discussion of the laboratory practices and oral report.

Seminars


Topics of questions for the theoretical examination:















cell








22. The heart-lung preparation (Starling?s laws)








30. Cerebral circulation. The concept of blood-brain barrier







57





































70. Mechanisms of hormone action (receptors, intracellular mediators, cAMP, Ca2+ and diacylglycerol, protein kinases)

71. Mechanism of hormonal regulation. Negative and positive feedback controls in the endocrine system

72. The anterior pituitary hormones. Regulation of pituitary hormone secretions. Pituitary dysfunction

73. Function of growth hormone during development and after adolescence

74. Abnormalities of thyroid secretion. Goitrogens

75. Function of the thyroid gland. Iodine metabolism in the body

76. Hormonal changes during menstrual cycle

77. Hormonal changes during pregnancy. Role of placenta in pregnancy. Foeto-placental unit

78. Hormones of lactation

79. Mechanism of erection and ejaculation. The sexual act (coitus)

80. The function of testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate

81. Regulation of the sexual behaviour. Maternal behaviour

82. Physiological changes at puberty and climacteric

83. Vasopressin and oxytocin. Function of ANH (atrionatriuretic hormone)

84. The effects of prostaglandins

85. The endocrine pancreas

86. Function of insulin in the body. Diabetes mellitus

87. Hormonal control of carbohydrate metabolism

88. Hormonal control of calcium and phosphor homeostasis

89. Hormonal function of the adrenocortical system. Hypophyseal regulation of the adrenocortical system. Stress and the adaptation

syndrome

90. Function and regulation of mineralocorticoids

91. Function and regulation of glucocorticoids


58

92. Consequences of hypo- and hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex. Androgens and oestrogens of the adrenal cortex.

93. Hormones of the adrenal medulla. Importance of the sympathoadrenal system

94. Physiology of ontogenesis and ageing.



function of muscles









105. The myotatic (stretch) reflex. Gamma motoneurons

106. The motor units. Central control of muscle contractions

107. Types of mechanoreceptors and their role in motor control

108. How do cutaneous mechanoreceptors help to explore, learn and know our environment?

109. Somatosensory mechanisms of spinal cord and brain stem

110. Pain mechanisms, central and peripheral components

111. Descendent control (gating) of nociception and of pain reactions

112. Organisation of primary somatosensory cortex, thalamocortical projection and somatotopy

113. The human electroencephalogram (EEG). Evoked potential (EP) technique

114. Neural mechanisms of sleep and correlated somatic, autonomic and bioelectrical phenomena. The role of reticular formation in the

sleep-wakefulness cycle

115. The diencephalon (hypothalamus), its motor, autonomic and hormonal regulatory function

116. Hunger and thirst. Central regulatory processes of food and water intake

117. Central mechanisms of locomotion

118. Decerebration rigidity and spinal shock (symptoms and mechanisms)

119. Postural and righting reflexes, their central mechanisms and localisation within the spinal cord, brain stem and neocortex

120. Structure and function of the extrapyramidal system

121. Symptoms after damages of different extrapyramidal structures. Role of neurotransmitters in the extrapyramidal functions

122. Importance of the cerebellum in co-ordination of movements

123. Cerebellar cortical mechanisms

124. Structure and function of the vestibular system

125. Functions of the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic reflexes

126. Humoral mediators in the autonomic nervous system. Adrenergic, cholinergic and opioid receptors

127. Structures, connections and functions of the limbic system

128. Functions of the motor cortex. Symptoms following its damage

129. Corticospinal (pyramidal) system. Consequences of lesions of the pyramidal pathways and the peripheral motoneuron

130. The concept of drive and motivation. Their integrated neural mechanisms. Reticular activating system

131. Emotions and their central nervous mechanisms

132. The phenomena of operant (instrumental) and classical (Pavlovian) conditioning. Mechanism of reinforcement

133. Electrical and chemical self-stimulation. Rewarding (positive) and punishing (negative) reinforcement. Simple learning processes.

Exceptional forms of conditioning

134. Types and disorders of memory functions

135. Cerebral dominance. Lateralisation of functions in the hemispheres. Split-brain examinations

136. Functions of the parietal and temporal association (intrinsic) areas of the neocortex. Symptoms after damages (apraxia, agnosia)

137. Neurophysiological mechanisms of speech. Speech disorders

138. Functions of the frontal lobe (prefrontal intrinsic area)

139. Functions of the temporal lobe (Kluver-Bucy syndrome)

140. Central monoaminergic systems and their functional significance

141. Peripheral auditory mechanisms (conductive apparatus and cochlea)

142. Central auditory pathways, acoustic cortex and related mechanisms

143. Physiological optics

144. The retina. Photoreceptors and neuronal functions in the retina

145. Central visual pathways, the visual cortex and their functions

146. Colour vision. Stereoscopic vision

147. Peripheral and central mechanisms of olfaction


59

148. Peripheral and central mechanisms of sensation of taste

149. Plasticity in the nervous system. Consequences of sensory deprivation in the visual cortex. Ageing. Transplantation


1. Amount, specific gravity and pH of the urine

2. Glycosuria: its causes and its detection

3. Examination of the urine sediment and evaluation of its results

4. Protein and pus in the urine: their causes and their detection

5. Measurement of the actual metabolic rate in human

6. Determination of blood glucose levels

7. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

8. Examination of estrus cycle in the rat

9. Tests of pregnancy: Latex probe, Test strip

10. The muscle-nerve preparation. Direct and indirect electric stimulation of the muscle

11. Examination of curare effect on a muscle-nerve preparation

12. The law of polar excitation

13. Examination of electrotonus

14. Pflüger’s laws

15. Measurement threshold, chronaxie and rheobase

16. Recording compound action potential, examination of summation

17. Determination of nerve refractory period

18. Measurement of nerve conduction velocity

19 Examination of reflexes in human

20. Examination of the somatosensory system (tactile, temperature and pain sensation)

21. Measurement of reaction time and action time in human.

22. Correction of refractive errors

23. Examination of color vision

24. Examination of astigmatism

25. Examination of visual acuity. Examination of pupillary responses.

26. Examination of visual field by means of perimetry

27. Audiometry

28. Examination of air and bone conduction (audible inspections)

29. Examination of taste perception; examination of olfaction

30. Procedure of EEG examination, types and properties of EEG waves

Study material for the final exam is the sum total of information covered in the obligatory textbook, on the homepage of the Institute, as

well as knowledge given at the lectures and lab practices.

Participants

Dr. Kecskés Miklós (A5N84S), Péliné Dr. Kovács Anita (ML3CO0)


60

ATT4-T PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4







Topic

This subject provides theoretical and practical information for the students to maintain and improve their physical condition and helps to

deepen the knowledge in the field of healthy lifestyle.

Theoretical and practical knowledge during different types of exercises e.g. how to improve endurance, muscle force, motor skills and

how to prevent the body from injuries.



Mid-term exams


We provide opportunities to attend extra lessons in the first week of the exam period in that case the requirements are not fulfilled till the

end of the teaching weeks with agreement of the PE Teacher.

Reading material



Not available.

- Notes


Lectures

Practices

1-28 For the list of actual courses please turn to the end of this document

Seminars


Participants

Farkas György (CL1MIY), Lipcsik Zoltán (EGE1AE), Németh Attila Miklós (EXB7TD), Téczely Tamás (P0OP8M)


61

OPR-HUF-O-T FINAL EXAMINATION IN HUNGARIAN PHARMACEUTICAL TERMINOLOGY - ORAL

Course director: DR. VILMOS WARTA, associate professor

Department of Languages for Specific Purposes [email protected]




Topic

Exam of Pharmaceutical Hungarian language skills required for the pharmaceutical practice.


Mid-term exams


Reading material



- Notes


Lectures

Practices

Seminars


Participants


62

OPR-HUF-W-T FINAL EXAMINATION IN HUNGARIAN PHARMACEUTICAL TERMINOLOGY - WRITTEN

Course director: DR. VILMOS WARTA, associate professor

Department of Languages for Specific Purposes [email protected]




Topic

Exam of Pharmaceutical Hungarian language skills required for the pharmaceutical practice.


Mid-term exams


Reading material



- Notes


Lectures

Practices

Seminars


Participants


63

OPR-SG1-T PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE 1

Course director: DR. ANDRÁS TAMÁS FITTLER, associate professor

Department of Pharmaceutics and University Pharmacy [email protected]

0 credit ▪ signature ▪ Criterion requirement subject ▪ spring semester ▪ recommended semester: 4




Topic

After the 4. semester the students should complete a summer professional practice in a community pharmacy and hospital pharmacy

(host institution) to acquire the basic knowledge regarding the pharmaceutical supply and care in these settings. After the completion of

the professional practice the student will be able to recall the personal and objective criteria, the operation and procedures of the

community or hospital pharmacy.

Furthermore the professional practice can be completed in a pharmaceutical company, pharmaceutical wholesaler or foreign (non

Hungarian) units equivalent to these. To fulfill the professional practice in abroad the student should submit a written request to the

course director until the deadline of the application for professional practice. In case of spending the professional practice abroad it is

advisable for the students to spend 2 weeks in a Hungarian pharmacy to earn experiences regarding the Hungarian pharmacies.

It is possible to complete the 4 weeks of the professional practice in two practice sites in consecutive 2-2 weeks. The application form,

syllabus and certificate of the completion of the professional practice are available from the website of the Registrar's Office.

The accreditation of the professional practice site (pharmacy) is advisable but not a mandatory requirement for professional practice 1.

and 2.

The organization and coordination/reconciliation of the place and time of the professional practice is the responsibility of the student.

Before starting the professional practice the student should fill the Acceptance letter for professional practice form and collect signatures

of supervisor pharmacist and the leader or head of the professional practice site (pharmacy, company) and upload it electronically to

Neptun. It is advisable to collect the document until the last day of April, but latest by 14th of May. The student is responsible to fulfill

the administrative criteria set by the Registrar's Office.

The duration of the professional practice is 4 weeks, 8 hours daily, of which 2 hours may be spent on individual preparation and study.

During the professional practice attendance should be recorded on an attendance sheet, which is available from the website of the

Registrars Office. The requirement regarding the opening hours of the pharmacy is 8 hours daily. The student should work under the

supervision of the supervisor pharmacist or the deputy pharmacist during the whole practice and preparing a record daily of his or her

work.

The record of the practice is accepted by the course director. The record should include (see inscructions on RO website in "Report

writing guide for Professional Practice 1. and 2."):

- written notes of daily practice/activity,

- furthermore the topics listed in the syllabus and the completion of 2 related professional problems described in minimum 400 words of

each.

After the completion of the professional practice the student can evaluate the professional practice site and the supervisor pharmacist.


Before starting the professional practice student should have a semester acceptance of Basic Principles of Pharmacy. Student should

transmit the attendance sheet, record of practice and the completion of the professional practice to the acceptance of the professional

practice. At the end of the professional practice the supervisor pharmacist or the deputy pharmacist evaluates the performance of the

student in a three-grade evaluation with written summary. The student is responsible to fulfill the administrative criteria set by the

Registrar's Office.

Students should wear White coat and Protective shoes during practice.

The original written documents of the practice must be presented by the student upon the request of the course director within 5 working

days.

Mid-term exams

The duration of the professional practice is 4 weeks, 8 hours daily, of which 2 hours may be spent on individual preparation and study.

During the professional practice attendance should be recorded on an attendance sheet, which is available from the website of the

Registrars Office. The requirement regarding the opening hours of the pharmacy is 8 hours daily. The student should work under the

supervision of the supervisor pharmacist or the deputy pharmacist during the whole practice and preparing a record daily of his or her

work.

The organization and reconciliation of the place and time of the professional practice is the responsibility of the student. Before starting

the professional practice the student should fill the acceptance letter for professional practice form and collect signatures of supervisor

pharmacist and the leader or head of the professional practice site (pharmacy, company) and pass to the Registrar's Office until the last

day of April.


64


The absence during the professional practice should be covered with a certificate (e.g.: in case of illness) to the supervisor pharmacist

and course director and should make up during the period of the professional practice. In case of health problems the professional practice

can be divided into 2-2 weeks.

Reading material



Plese see the following on the RO website (http://gytk.pte.hu/en/egyseg/almenu/3030/358, accessed 2021 February)

General information and user's guide to the Professional Practice 1-2. registartions in Neptun

Report writing guide for Professional Practice 1. and 2.

Planned schedule of blocks (weeks) in Neptun for the Professional Practice 1-2.

- Notes

Basic Principles of Pharmacy


European Pharmacopoeia

Pharmacopoeia Hungarica

Hungarian National Formulary: Formulae Normales VII (FoNo VII)

Compendium

Lectures

Practices

Seminars


COMMUNITY PHARMACY

1. The role of professionals working in the pharmacy.

2. The premises and objective criteria of the pharmacy.

3. Knowledge and skills regarding the storage and inventory: temperature and environment, strength and cross signs

4. Handling weighs, pharmacy tools and machines.

5. Getting familiar with the chemical substances and herbs.

6. Packaging and labelling.

7. Basic skills of pharmaceutical technology (measurement, sifting, mixing of powders, dilution, calculation of solution concentration,

calculation of doses).

8. Getting to know workflows and occupational safety regulations.

9. Getting to know pharmaceutical manuals and professional journals.

PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

10. The role of pharmaceutical company in the drug supply chain.

11. The organogram and key personnel of pharmaceutical company.

12. The Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP): regulations and application.

13. Participating in the manufacturing process.

14. Getting familiar with the operation and role of Quality Assurance and Quality Control.

15. The role of microbiology in the pharmaceutical company.

16. Special operation characteristics of a pharmaceutical company.

HOSPITAL & CLINICAL PHARMACY

17. The specialties of the hospital pharmacy compounding.

18. Sterile and non-sterile medium-sized pharmacy compounding, individualized formulas.

19. Pharmaceutical informatics in the hospital and hospital pharmacy.

20. Financing of the hospital care and drug expenditures.

21. Ordering, procurement and stockpiling of medicines in hospital pharmacy and wards. Medication management.

22. Therapeutic consultation.

23. Getting familiar with the operation and role of Quality Assurance and Quality Control.

24. Communication with patients and professionals in hospital pharmacy setting.

Participants


65

ATT1..4-T PHYSICAL EDUCATION 1-4 COURSES



Course code course title day from to min max room code room

The exact list of courses and schedule will be available in early August.

study program 2021/2022 subjects of the 3-4. semesters

Documents