Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

- prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus - prokaryotic cells lack membrane bound organelles like mitochondria - prokaryotic cells are typically much smaller than eukaryotic cells - prokaryotic cells do not produce gametes or go through mitosis.

Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. What is a biofilm?

Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. What is a biofilm?

This is an aggregated colony of bacteria, that fulfill different specialized functions in the colony.

Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. What is a biofilm? 3. Describe the function of mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and liposomes.

Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. What is a biofilm? 3. Describe the function of mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and liposomes.

Mitochondria ‘digest’ pyruvate to CO2 and produce ATP that is used as energy in the cell.

Ribosomes are the organelle that links amino acids together into a protein.

The endoplasmic reticulum is an internal network of membrane tubules that distributes material through the cell; especially newly formed proteins.

The Golgi Apparatus is where initial proteins are modified into functional proteins before being exported from the cell.

Liposomes are membraneous spheres that bud off the Golgi, taking proteins to the cell membrane for dispersal beyond the cell.

Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. What is a biofilm? 3. Describe the function of mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and liposomes. 4. Why is the lipid bilayer a barrier to water soluble molecules?

Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. What is a biofilm? 3. Describe the function of mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and liposomes. 4. Why is the lipid bilayer a barrier to water soluble molecules?

The fatty acids of the phospholipids are non-polar. Because water soluble molecules are polar (or charged), they cannot dissolve across the non-polar lipid bilayer.

Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. What is a biofilm? 3. Describe the function of mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and liposomes. 4. Why is the lipid bilayer a barrier to water soluble molecules? 5. Describe diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.

Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. What is a biofilm? 3. Describe the function of mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and liposomes. 4. Why is the lipid bilayer a barrier to water soluble molecules? 5. Describe diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.

These are mechanisms by which material can cross the cell membrane. Diffusion ius the passive movement of atoms, molecules, and energy from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Non-polar and very small molecules can ‘diffuse’ directly across the membrane. Large molecules and charged ions and polar molecules must pass through protein channels to cross the membrane. When they do this passively, from high to low concentration, it is called facilitated diffusion. Active transport is the movement of material against its concentration gradient, from low to high concentration. This requires energy to be spent by the cell. Only active transport makes a cell different from its environment.

Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. What is a biofilm? 3. Describe the function of mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and liposomes. 4. Why is the lipid bilayer a barrier to water soluble molecules? 5. Describe diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. 6. How does solute concentration and pressure affect water potential and osmosis.

Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. What is a biofilm? 3. Describe the function of mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and liposomes. 4. Why is the lipid bilayer a barrier to water soluble molecules? 5. Describe diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. 6. How does solute concentration and pressure affect water potential and osmosis.

As solute concentration increases, water potential decreases. As pressure increases, water potential increases. Water moves from an area of high water potential to low water potential, so water will move from dilute solutions – or those under pressure – to more concentrated solutions (or those at lower pressure).